pelton wheel turbine ppt by deepak kumar.ppt
DESCRIPTION
this is powerpoint presentation about pelton wheel turine and is very much useful to mechanical studentsTRANSCRIPT
Analysis of Intake System for Modern Pelton Wheel
Reduce Irreversibilities during Passive Actions.…….
deepak kumarProfessor
Mechanical Engineering Department
General Layout of Intake system for HEPP
Power Tunnels : Constant Pressure & Accelerating Flow
High Pressure Piping : Penstock
General Design of Under Ground Power Tunnels
Optimum Diameter of Power Tunnel
• With increasing diameter,
• the head losses and consequent energy losses in a power tunnel decreases,
• While construction cost increases.
• The objection of economic analysis is to minimize total annual costs.
• Total cost consists of the annual charges from the investment and monetary value of lost energy.
The energy lost per day
• The energy loss during particular day i, due to friction is:
ii
i tD
fQE
5
3
7.0
• Energy loss, E
• Darcy –Weisbach friction factor, f
• Discharge through tubine system, Q
• Duration of plant running, ti (h/day)
Monetary Loss due to Unavailable Energy & Annual Capital Cost
N
iii tQ
D
feML
1
35
7.0
Annual Capital cost:2DnCRFC
CRF : Capital Recovery Factorn= Economic scaling factor
Total annual cost, T = ML+C
Niagara Hydro Power Project
• The Niagara Plant Group operates hydroelectric generating stations on the Niagara River and at DeCew Falls in St.Catharines.
• These stations have a total capacity of 2,278 MW.• SIR ADAM BECK I – 498MW.• SIR ADAM BECK II – 1,499MW.• Currently constructing the Niagara Tunnel which will further
increase the output from the Sir Adam Beck complex by 14%.
HEPP with Pelton Wheel
Parts of Advanced Pelton Turbine
• The main components of a Pelton turbine are:• (i) water distributor and casing, • (ii) nozzle and deflector with their operating mechanism, • (iii) runner with buckets, • (iv) shaft with bearing, • (v) auxiliary nozzle. • Auxiliary nozzle is used as brake for reducing the speed
during shut down. • The runner is located above maximum tail water to permit
operation at atmospheric pressure.
Key Parts of Pelton Turbine
Jet Coverage by Bucket during Displacement
Design of Nozzle is of Prime importance in Pelton Wheel
Nozzle used in 62.5 MW Pelton Wheel
Mechanism of Control of Jet dimensions
The Nozzle and Jet : A Key Step in Design
d0djet,VC
Free Surface Shape for Maximum Power
Geometrical Relations for Nozzle
The values of α varies between 20 to 30° whereas β varies from 30 to 45°.
Industrial Correlations for Jet Area variation with stroke
Optimal value of Outlet jet area, ao
2BsAsao
s is the displacement of spear
sinsin2 orA
2
2
sin
sinsinsinB
Geometrical Relations for Nozzle
dO
2dO – 2.4dO
5dO – 9dO
0.8dO – 0.9dO
1.2dO – 1.4dO
1.1dO – 1.3dO
Performance Analysis of Nozzle-Spear Valve
Ideal Nozzle-spear Valve:
constant2
2
gzV
p
Along flow direction
frictiontotal ΔppVp
-constant2
2
Real Nozzle-spear Valve:
penstock
penstockfriction d
fLVp
2
4 2
2
9.0Re
74.57.3
log
0625.0
hD
kf
Pipe Material Absolute Roughness, emicron
(unless noted)
drawn brass 1.5drawn copper 1.5commercial steel 45wrought iron 45asphalted cast iron 120galvanized iron 150cast iron 260wood stave 0.2 to 0.9 mm
concrete 0.3 to 3 mm
riveted steel 0.9 to 9 mm