peltier solar concentrator by: michael forrest kyle fifield evan white
TRANSCRIPT
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Peltier Solar Concentrator
By: Michael ForrestKyle FifieldEvan White
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The Problem
• To demonstrate that a thermoelectric device can efficiently converted solar energy into electricity.
• The goal is to create a system at least as efficient as PV panels.
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The Solution
• Satellite Dish Solar Concentrator• Hi-Z HZ-20 Thermoelectric Module• Aluminum Collector Plate• Time-Based Solar Coordinate Tracking• Battery Storage• LCD User Interface
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What is a Thermoelectric Device?
• In a thermoelectric device, a voltage is created when a difference in temperature exists across the device.
• By heating one side of the device and sinking heat from the other side, an electric voltage will be created.
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Solar Rays
Solar Concentrator
Sun
Thermoelectric Device
Collector Plate
Azimuth Rotation
Horizontal Tilt
Dc/Dc Step-up
Microcontroller
Motor Controller Motor Controller
System Diagram
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Solar Tracking Subsystem
• Real-Time Clock (DS1307)• User interface with Buttons and LCD Screen• Microcontroller (Coldfire)• Motor Controller (H-Bridge)• DC Motor with Potentiometer (Azimuth) • Linear Actuator with Accelerometer (Altitude)
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Solar Tracking System Diagram
H-Bridge Circuit
Coldfire Microcontroller
Time of Day Sensor
Potentiometer
Accelerometer
LCD Display and User Interface H-Bridge
Circuit
Motor
Linear Actuator
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Solar Tracking Positioning EquationsAltitude Angle =
Azimuth Angle =
Inputs• Date and Time• Longitude and Latitude
scos
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Microcontroller Code
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Solar Rays
Solar Concentrator
Sun
Thermoelectric Device
Collector Plate
Azimuth Rotation
Horizontal Tilt
Microcontroller
Motor Controller Motor Controller
System Diagram
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Mechanical Azimuth Tracking
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Elevation Tracking
Linear Actuator
Solar Concentrator
Highest Sun Elevation (70⁰) Lowest Sun Elevation (12⁰)
70⁰ 12⁰
6 inch Stroke
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Tracking Code
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Thermoelectric Collector Plate Mount
• Purpose:– Maximize Performance and Power Efficiency of HZ-20.– HZ-20 Module Around 5% Efficient.
• Design Aspects:– Minimum Load of 200 psi on HZ-20.– Thermal Expansion of HZ-20.– Efficient Heat Transfer– Keeping Cold Side of HZ-20 Cool.
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Subsystem Diagram of Thermoelectric Mount
Collector PlateThermoelectric Device
Heat Sink
Belleville Springs
Solar Rays
Hot Side
Cool Side
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Loading on HZ-20 Module
• Ensures Module Remains in Compression to Maximize Heat Transfer.
• Solution:– Belleville Springs.– Apply Large Amount of
Force in Compact Area.– Also Allows for Thermal
Expansion.
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Load and Thermal Expansion CalculationsThermoelectric Device Dimensions
Load Required: 200 psi*
Where: = Change in Length = Thermal Expansion*= Change in Temp.= Initial length
Force Calculation
Thermal Expansion Calculation
*Information Given from Specification Sheets
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Efficient Heat Transfer
• Thermal Grease:– Ensures Efficient Heat Transfer from Mount to HZ-20 and
HZ-20 to Heat Sink.
• Overhang of 0.5 Inches and 0.25 Inches of Thickness on Mount:– Ensures Uniform Heating on HZ-20.
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Thermal Resistance DiagramTBar
TH
TC
THS
TA
∆TThermal Resistance
of Thermal Adhesive
Thermal Resistance of Thermoelectric Junction
Thermal Resistance of
Heat Sink
Temperature of Bar
Temperature of Hot Side
Temperature of Cold Side
Temperature of Heat Sink
Temperature of Ambient
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Energy Gain
B
A AreaEclipes = πAB
Area of Dish = 0.303077m²
Area of FP = 0.003488m²
Energy Gain = Area of Dish / Area of Focal Point
Energy Gain = 87
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Efficiency Strategies
85% Reflectivity Dish Covered with Reflective Tape
Aluminum Collector Plate Painted Black
Absorbs 90% of light
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Efficiency Diagram
Reflective Tape 85% Efficient
Sun
90% Absorption Efficiency
5% Heat to Electricity Efficiency
Wasted Heat
Step-up Dc/Dc Converter
95% Efficient 12v Lead Acid
92% Storage Efficiency
Total Efficiency = 3.34%
Sunlight to Usable Energy
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Power Diagram
1000W/m²
303.1W
Sun
Concentrator Collector
232W
8 mins to heat up
Thermoelectric Device
220W
Heat Sink
3V, 6.67A, 20W
Dc/Dc Step-up
12V, 1.6A, 19W
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Dc/Dc Step-up Convertor
1.8V to 5.5V
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User InterfaceDisplays:• Time of Day• Date• Azimuth Angle• Altitude Angle
Pushbuttons:• Up/Down
Selection Arrows• Menu Option• Enter Button
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Areas of Responsibility
Evan
Kyle
Mike
Solid Modeling / Thermoelectric Device Mounting / Altitude Tracking Mechanical
Energy & Power Calculations/ Thermal Design/ Dc-Dc Step-Up Circuit/ Azimuth Tracking Mechanical / Base Design
Solar Tracking Programming/ Real Time Clock Programming/ Angle Calculations/ LCD User Interface Programming and Design
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Project Management
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BudgetItem Part Number Store Length/Package Quanity Order Quanity Price
Cold Draw 1" x 1.5" x 12" 8910K838 McMaster Carr 12" 1 $24.28 Steel Hex Head Cap Screw 3/4"-10 Thread 3 - 1/2" Length 91247A849 McMaster Carr 5 1 $10.45 Hex Nut 3/4"-10 Thread 1-1/4"W, 27/64"H 91015A036 McMaster Carr 5 1 $5.17 Plain Steel Type A SAE Flat Washer 3/4" Screw Size 91083A036 McMaster Carr 21 1 $3.00 Steel Flange-Mounted Ball Bearings 7208K51 McMaster Carr 1 1 $23.34 Setscrew Shaft Collars 3/8" Bore 9414T8 McMaster Carr 1 2 $0.72 Black-Oxide Coated Steel Shaft 3/8" OD 1886K12 McMaster Carr 18" 1 $11.40 Steel Timing Belt Pulley Pitch Diameter 0.637", 0.2 Pitch 6495K711 McMaster Carr 1 1 $10.54 Steel Timing Belt Pulley Pitch Diameter 3.80", 0.2 Pitch 6495K732 McMaster Carr 1 1 $38.85 Timing Belt 0.2 Pitch, 27.0" Outer Circle 1679K143 McMaster Carr 1 1 $9.82 Compact DC Gearmotor 12 VDC, 0.6 rpm 6409K11 McMaster Carr 1 1 $44.96 Setscrew Shaft Collars 3/16" Bore 9414T5 McMaster Carr 1 1 $0.62 Aluminum Metric T-Slotted Mounting Bracket, 40mm 5537T244 McMaster Carr 1 2 $13.46 Set-Screw Shaft Coupling 5/16" Bore 2424K12 McMaster Carr 1 1 $7.63 Nylon Flat Belt Idler Pulley 3/8" Bore 6235K64 McMaster Carr 1 1 $12.48 5/16" Drive Shaft 1327K72 McMaster Carr 6" 1 $6.50
TOTAL $237.40
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Questions?