PELOPONNESIAN WAR WITH A SIDE OF MACEDONIA

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)• Building tensions between

Athens and Sparta, both push for war instead of diplomacy• Navy vs Army• Sparta marches on Athenian

territory, surrounds the city.• Athens stays restocked through

the use of their navy and ports.• In 429 BCE, massive plague

strikes Athens, killing ½ the population including its leader Pericles• Athens surrenders in 404 BCE.• Severely weakens most of the

Greek city-states also called a what?

Philip II• Became king of Macedonia in

359 BCE at the age of 23.• Quickly turned the rugged

peasants that made up his army into disciplined soldiers. • Utilized the phalanx paired with a

cavalry charge • In 338 BCE, Athens and Thebes

attempt to join forces against Philip’s army moving south, but are quickly defeated.• In 336 BCE, at his daughter’s

wedding, a former bodyguard stabs him and his son Alexander (with the support of the army) declares himself king.

Young Jedi Alexander• Tutored by Aristotle (learned

geography, science, and literature)• Ruthless in his rule (destroyed

Thebes just to prove a point)• After defeating Darius III,

Alexander planned the fall of Persia• Conquered Egypt in 332 BCE• Moved East to Mesopotamia to again

confront Darius III and his 250,000 man army

• Darius flees again• Continues to pursue Darius until he finds

Darius dead, killed by a provincial governor

• 327 BCE- Reaches the Indus River Valley• Troops beg Alexander to go home• Had been fighting for 11 years,

marched 12,000 miles

Alexander’s Legacy• Returned to Babylon• Died of a fever at the age of 32

• Alexander’s general fought each other for control of the empire.• 3 became the victors and split

the empire• Antigonus- took Macedonia and

Greece• Ptolemy- took Egypt and title of

pharoah• Seleucid- took most of the old

Persian empire• Alexander’s conquest ended the

era of independent Greek city-states