peer review report phase 1 st kitts and nevis

8/4/2019 Peer Review Report Phase 1 St Kitts and Nevis

1/98

NLEHAL IEXVM EK PXAKWZAXFKGS AK@ F_GOAKNFEI CKIEXMAPCEK IEX PA_ ZVXZEWFW

Zffx Xfycf~ Xfzexp Zoawf 1Lfnal ak` Xfnvlapexs Ixamf~exb

IF@FXAPCEK EI WACKP BCPPW AK@ KFYCW


2/98


3/98

Nlehal Iexvmek Pxakwzaxfkgs

ak` F goaknfei Ckiexmapcek iex Pa

Zvxzewfw Zffx Xfycf~w4If`fxapcek ei Wackp Bcppw

ak` Kfycw 8:11ZOAWF 1

Avnvwp 8:11/xfilfgpckn pof lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exbaw ap Mas 8:11#


4/98

Pocw ~exb cw zvhlcwof` ek pof xfwzekwchclcps ei pof Wfgxfpaxs-Nfkfxal ei pof EFG@+Pof ezckcekw f zxfwwf` ak` axnvmfkpw fmzlesf` ofxfck è kep kfgfwwaxcls xfilfgppof eiicgcal ycf~w ei pof EFG@ ex ei pof neyfxkmfkpw ei cpw mfmhfx gevkpxcfw expoewf ei pof Nlehal Iexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex PaZvxzewfw+

CWHK 3>?-38-90-11>?3-1 /zxckp#CWHK 3>?-38-90-11>3?-7 /Z@I#

Wfxcfw4 Nlehal Iexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex Pa Zvxzewfw4 Zffx Xfycf~wCWWK 8813-09?1 /zxckp#

CWWK 8813-093_ /eklckf#

Pocw ègvmfkp ak` aks maz ckglv`f` ofxfck axf ~cpoevp zxfdv`cgf pe pof wpapvw ei ex weyfxfcnkps eyfx akspfxxcpexs, pe pof `flcmcpapcek ei ckpfxkapcekal ixekpcfxw ak` hevkàxcfw ak` pe pof kamf ei aks pfxxcpexs, gcps ex

axfa+

Gexxcnfkà pe EFG@ zvhlcgapcekw mas hf ievk` ek lckf ap4 ~~~+efg`+exn%zvhlcwockn%gexxcnfkà+

Xfycwf` yfxwcek, Wfzpfmhfx 8:11+@fpacl ei xfycwcekw ayaclahlf ap4oppz4%%~~~+efg`+exn%àpaefg`%87%1%0?99:0?1+zì

EFG@ 8:11

Sev gak gezs, è~klea` ex zxckp EFG@ gekpfkp iex sevx e~k vwf, ak` sev gak ckglv`f f gfxzpw ixem EFG@zvhlcgapcekw, àpahawfw ak` mvlpcmf`ca zxe`vgpw ck sevx e~k ègvmfkpw, zxfwfkpapcekw, hlenw, ~fhwcpfw ak`pfagockn mapfxcalw, zxeyc`f` poap wvcpahlf agbke~lf`nmfkp ei EFG@ aw wevxgf ak` gezsxcnop e~kfx cw ncyfk+All xfqvfwpw iex zvhlcg ex gemmfxgcal vwf ak` pxakwlapcek xcnopw woevl` hf wvhmcppf` pe xcnopwJefg`+exnXfqvfwpw iex zfxmcwwcek pe zoepegezs zexpcekw ei pocw mapfxcal iex zvhlcg ex gemmfxgcal vwf woall hf a``xfwwf``cxfgpls pe pof Gezsxcnop Glfaxakgf Gfkpfx /GGG# ap ckieJgezsxcnop+gem ex pof Gfkpxf ixakacw `f zlecpapcek `v`xecp f gezcf /GIG# ap gekpagpJgigezcfw+gem+

Zlfawf gcpf pocw zvhlcgapcek aw4EFG@ /8:11#, Nlehal Iexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex Pa Zvxzewfw ZffxXfycf~w4 If`fxapcek ei Wackp Bcppw ak` Kfycw 8:114 Zoawf 14 Lfnal ak` Xfnvlapexs Ixamf~exb, NlehalIexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex Pa Zvxzewfw4 Zffx Xfycf~w, EFG@Zvhlcwockn+oppz4%%` +èc+exn%1:+1>?>%3>?389011>3?7-fk
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/scratch_5/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/scratch_5/


5/98

ZFFX XFYCF^ XFZEXP ZOAWF 14 LFNAL AK@ XFNVLAPEXS IXAMFÊXB WP+ BCPPW AK@ KFYCW EFG@ 8:11

PAHLF EI GEKPFKPW 7

Pahlf ei Gekpfkpw

Ahevp pof Nlehal Iexvm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

F fgvpcyf wvmmaxs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Ckpxe`vgpcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Ckiexmapcek ak` mfpoeèlens vwf` iex pof zffx xfycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw + + 3Eyfxycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Xfgfkp `fyflezmfkpw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Gemzlcakgf ~cpo pof Wpakàx`w + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

A+ Ayaclahclcps ei Ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Eyfxycf~ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A+1+ E~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A+8+ Aggevkpckn xfgex`w + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +A+7+ Hakbckn ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

H+ Aggfww pe Ckiexmapcek+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Eyfxycf~ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + H+1+ Gemzfpfkp Avpoexcpsw ahclcps pe ehpack ak` zxeyc`f ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + 60H+8+ Kepcicgapcek xfqvcxfmfkpw ak` xcnopw ak` waifnvax`w+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

G+ F goaknckn ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Eyfxycf~ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + G+1+ F goaknf ei ckiexmapcek mfgoakcwmw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +G+8+ F goaknf ei ckiexmapcek mfgoakcwmw ~cpo all xflfyakp zaxpkfxw + + + + + + + + >7G+7+ Gekic`fkpcalcps + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +G+0+ Xcnopw ak` waifnvax`w ei pa zasfxw ak` pocx` zaxpcfw+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +G+6+ Pcmflckfww ei xfwzekwfw pe xfqvfwpw iex ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +


6/98


0 PAHLF EI GEKPFKPW

Wvmmaxs ei @fpfxmckapcekw ak` Iagpexw Vk`fxlsckn Xfgemmfk`apcekw + + + + ?1

Akkf 14 Dvxcw`cgpcekw Xfwzekwf pe pof Xfycf~ Xfzexp + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ?

Akkf 84 Lcwp ei all F goaknf-ei-Ckiexmapcek Mfgoakcwmw ck Iexgf + + + + + + + + ?9Akkf 74 Lcwp ei all La~w, Xfnvlapcekw ak` Epofx Xflfyakp Mapfxcal + + + + + + + ??

Akkf 04 Eyfxycf~ ei La~w ak` Epofx Xflfyakp Iagpexw iex F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Akkf 64 Eyfxycf~ ei Xfnvlapf` Hvwckfww Agpcycpcfw + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +


7/98


Ahevp pof Nlehal Iexvm

Pof Nlehal Iexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex PaZvxzewfw cw pof mvlpclapfxal ixamf~exb ~cpock ~ocgo ~exb ck pof axfa ei papxakwzaxfkgs ak` f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek cw gaxxcf` evp hs eyfx 1:: dvxcw`cg-

pcekw, ~ocgo zaxpcgczapf ck pof Nlehal Iexvm ek ak fqval ieepckn+Pof Nlehal Iexvm cw goaxnf` ~cpo ck-`fzpo mekcpexckn ak` zffx xfycf~ ei

pof cmzlfmfkpapcek ei pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`w ei pxakwzaxfkgs ak` f goaknfei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw+ Pofwf wpakàx`w axf zxcmaxcls xfilfgpf` ck pof8::8 EFG@ Me`fl Anxffmfkp ek F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek ek Pa Mappfxwak` cpw gemmfkpaxs, ak` ck Axpcglf 89 ei pof EFG@ Me fl Pa Gekyfkpcek ek

Ckgemf ak` ek Gazcpal ak` cpw gemmfkpaxs aw vzàpf` ck 8::0+ Pof wpakàx`woayf alwe hffk ckgexzexapf` ckpe pof VK Me`fl Pa Gekyfkpcek +

Pof wpakàx`w zxeyc`f iex ckpfxkapcekal f goaknf ek xfqvfwp ei iexfwffahlsxflfyakp ckiexmapcek iex pof a`mckcwpxapcek ex fkiexgfmfkp ei pof èmfwpcg pala~w ei a xfqvfwpckn zaxps+ Icwockn f zf`cpcekw axf kep avpoexcwf` hvp all iexf-wffahls xflfyakp ckiexmapcek mvwp hf zxeyc`f`, ckglv`ckn hakb ckiexmapcekak` ckiexmapcek ofl` hs ic`vgcaxcfw, xfnax`lfww ei pof f cwpfkgf ei a èmfwpcgpa ckpfxfwp+

All mfmhfxw ei pof Nlehal Iexvm, aw ~fll aw dvxcw`cgpcekw c`fkpcicf` hspof Nlehal Iexvm aw xflfyakp pe cpw ~exb, axf hfckn xfycf~f`+ Pocw zxegfww cwvk`fxpabfk ck p~e zoawfw+ Zoawf 1 xfycf~w awwfww pof qvalcps ei a dvxcw`cg-pcekw lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb iex pof f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek, ~oclfZoawf 8 xfycf~w leeb ap pof zxagpcgal cmzlfmfkpapcek ei poap ixamf~exb+ WemfNlehal Iexvm mfmhfxw axf vk`fxneckn gemhckf` Zoawf 1 ak` Zoawf 8 xfycf~w+ Pof Nlehal Iexvm oaw alwe zvp ck zlagf a zxegfww iex wvzzlfmfkpaxsxfzexpw pe ielle~-vz ek xfgemmfkàpcekw, aw ~fll aw iex pof ekneckn mekcpex-ckn ei dvxcw`cgpcekw ielle~ckn pof gekglvwcek ei a xfycf~+ Pof vlpcmapf neal cwpe oflz dvxcw`cgpcekw pe fiifgpcyfls cmzlfmfkp pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`w ei pxakwzaxfkgs ak` f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw+

All xfycf~ xfzexpw axf zvhlcwof` ekgf aèzpf` hs pof Nlehal Iexvm+

Iex mexf ckiexmapcek ek pof ~exb ei pof Nlehal Iexvm ek Pxakwzaxfkgsak` F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek iex Pa Zvxzewfw, ak` iex gezcfw ei pof zvhlcwof`xfycf~ xfzexpw, zlfawf xfifx pe ~~~+efg`+exn%pa %pxakwzaxfkgs+

AHEVP POF NLEHAL IEXVM 6


8/98


9/98


F_FGVPCYF WVMMAXS >

F fgvpcyf wvmmaxs

1+ Pocw xfzexp wvmmaxcwfw pof lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb iex pxakwzaxfkgs ak` f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw+ Pof ckpfx-kapcekal wpakàx` ~ocgo cw wfp evp ck pof Nlehal Iexvmw Pfxmw ei Xfifxfkgf

pe Mekcpex ak` Xfycf~ Zxenxfww Pe~ax`w Pxakwzaxfkgs ak` F goaknfei Ckiexmapcek, cw gekgfxkf` ~cpo pof ayaclahclcps ei xflfyakp ckiexmapcek~cpock a dvxcw`cgpcek, pof gemzfpfkp avpoexcpsw ahclcps pe nack pcmfls aggfwwpe poap ckiexmapcek, ak` ck pvxk, ~ofpofx poap ckiexmapcek gak hf fiifgpcyflsf goaknf` ~cpo cpw f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek zaxpkfxw+ ôclf Wp+ Bcppw ak`

Kfycw oaw a `fyflezf` lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb, pof xfzexp c`fkpcicfwa kvmhfx ei axfaw ~ofxf Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw gevl` cmzxeyf cpw lfnal ckixa-wpxvgpvxf pe mexf fiifgpcyfls cmzlfmfkp pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`+ Pof xfzexpckglv`fw xfgemmfkàpcekw pe a``xfww pofwf woexpgemcknw+

8+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw a if`fxapcek ak` gekwcwpw ei p~e cwlak`w+ Wckgf8::6, pof mack `xcyfxw ei pof fgekems axf ckpfxkapcekal ickakgcal wfxycgfw,xfal fwpapf, gekwpxvgpcek, ~oelfwalf ak` xfpacl pxa`ckn, makviagpvxckn ak`pevxcwm+ Pof If`fxapcek ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw Gekwpcpvpcekal ixamf~exb

zxeyc`fw iex fago cwlak` pe `fyflez lfncwlapcyf ak` a`mckcwpxapcyf wpxvgpvxfwak` zxegf`vxfw pe neyfxk pof ickakgcal wfxycgfw ak` èmfwpcg gexzexapf ak`gemmfxgcal wfgpexw+ Oe~fyfx, if`fxal lfncwlapcek /azzlcgahlf ck hepo Wp+ Bcppwak` Kfycw# neyfxkw pof f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw, mvpvalf goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex gxcmckal mappfxw, akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn ak`gexzexapf pa mappfxw+

7+ Ck xfwzfgp ei pof ayaclahclcps ei e~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek,pofxf axf wviicgcfkp ehlcnapcekw ck zlagf pe fkwvxf pof ayaclahclcps ei pocw ckiex-mapcek+ Pof ehlcnapcekw cmzewf` `cxfgpls ek fkpcpcfw ak` axxaknfmfkpw axfgemzlfmfkpf` hs pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn xvlfw, ~ocgo azzls pe lcgfkwf`wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw ak` zfxwekw gaxxsckn ek ickakgcal hvwckfww, ckglv`ckn kemc-kffw ak` pxvwpffw+ Pofwf xvlfw cmzewf a``cpcekal xfgex`-bffzckn xfqvcxfmfkpwiex xflfyakp ckiexmapcek ~ocgo cw ayaclahlf iex pof f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw+

0+ Aw gekgfxkw aggevkpckn xfgex`w, pof la~w neyfxkckn xflfyakp fkpcpcfw

fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oayf hffk xfgfkpls amfk`f` ak` hxevnop


10/98


? F_FGVPCYF WVMMAXS

ck lckf ~cpo pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`+ Oe~fyfx, nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw poapgaxxs ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek axf kep wvhdfgp pe f zxfww ak` gekwcwpfkpehlcnapcekw pe mackpack vk`fxlsckn ègvmfkpw ck all gcxgvmwpakgfw+ Aw pe

hakb ckiexmapcek, pof gemhckapcek ei pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn xvlfw ak`lcgfkwckn xfqvcxfmfkpw nfkfxalls cmzewf azzxezxcapf ehlcnapcekw pe fkwvxfpoap all xfgex`w zfxpackckn pe aggevkp oel`fxw, aw ~fll aw xflapf` ickakgcal ak`pxakwagpcek ckiexmapcek, axf ayaclahlf+

6+ Ck xfwzfgp ei aggfww pe ckiexmapcek, pof gemzfpfkp avpoexcps ei Wp+ Bcppwak` Kfycw cw ckyfwpf` ~cpo hxea` ze~fxw pe napofx xflfyakp ckiexmapcek+ Pofwf

ze~fxw axf f fxgcwf` zxfèmckapfls hs cwwvckn kepcgfw pe xfqvcxf pof zxe`vgpcekei xflfyakp ckiexmapcek ak` axf gemzlfmfkpf` hs ze~fxw, ~ocgo axf eyfxwffk

hs a gevxp, pe wfaxgo zxfmcwfw ak` wfctf ckiexmapcek aw ~fll aw pe gemzfl exalpfwpcmeks+ Fkiexgfmfkp ei pofwf zxeycwcekw cw wfgvxf` hs pof f cwpfkgf ei wcn-

kcicgakp zfkalpcfw iex kek-gemzlcakgf+ Wfgxfgs zxeycwcekw ck emfwpcg la~w axfeyfxxc``fk ~ofxf ckiexmapcek cw xfqvcxf` iex FEC zvxzewfw, ak` a èmfwpcg packpfxfwp xfqvcxfmfkp cw f glv`f`+

9+ Wckgf 8::8, Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oaw ~exbf` ~cpo pof EFG@ ck xfwzfgpei pa ckiexmapcek f goaknf, ~ofk cp gemmcppf` pe cmzlfmfkpckn pof ckpfxka-pcekal wpakàx`w ei pxakwzaxfkgs ak` ckiexmapcek f goaknf+ Ck 8::3, Wp+ Bcppwak` Kfycw xfkf~f` cpw gemmcpmfkp ak` peeb kfgfwwaxs mfawvxfw pe qvcgblsf zak` cpw FEC kfp~exb+

>+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw kfp~exb iex f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek cw mvlpc-iexm, gemzxcwckn hclapfxal, mvlpclapfxal ak` vkclapfxal mfgoakcwmw geyfxckna pepal ei 77 zaxpkfx dvxcw`cgpcekw+ Pof anxffmfkpw nfkfxalls ielle~ pof EFG@Me`fl PCFA, ak` mffp pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`+ Ck a``cpcek, Wp+ Bcppw ak`

Kfycw cw a zaxps pe pof mvlpclapfxal GAXCGEM anxffmfkp penfpofx ~cpopfk epofx mfmhfxw ei poap exnakcwapcek+

?+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw xfwzekwf pe pof xfgemmfkàpcekw ck pocw xfzexp,aw ~fll aw pof azzlcgapcek ei pof lfnal ixamf~exb pe pof zxagpcgfw ei cpw gem-

zfpfkp avpoexcps ~cll hf gekwc`fxf` ck `fpacl ck pof Zoawf 8 Zffx Xfycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw ~ocgo cw wgof`vlf` iex pof wfgek` oali ei 8:17+


11/98


CKPXE@VGPCEK 3

Ckpxe`vgpcek

Ckiexmapcek ak` mfpoeèlens vwf` iex pof zffx xfycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak`Kfycw

3+ Pof awwfwwmfkp ei pof lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb ei Wp+ Bcppwak` Kfycw ~aw hawf` ek pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`w iex pxakwzaxfkgs ak`f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek aw `fwgxchf` ck pof Nlehal Iexvmw Pfxmw ei

Xfifxfkgf , ak` ~aw zxfzaxf` vwckn pof Nlehal Iexvmw Mfpoeèlens iex Zffx Xfycf~w ak` Kek-Mfmhfx Xfycf~w + Pof awwfwwmfkp ~aw hawf` ek pof la~w,xfnvlapcekw, ak` f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek mfgoakcwmw ck iexgf ex fiifgp aw apMas 8:11, epofx mapfxcalw wvzzlcf` hs Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw, ak` ckiexmapcekwvzzlcf` hs zaxpkfx dvxcw`cgpcekw+

1:+ Pof Pfxmw ei Xfifxfkgf hxfab è~k pof wpakàx`w ei pxakwzaxfkgsak` f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek ckpe pfk fwwfkpcal flfmfkpw ak` 71 fkvmfx-apf` awzfgpw vk`fx poxff hxea` gapfnexcfw4 /A# ayaclahclcps ei ckiexmapcek2/H# aggfww pe ckiexmapcek2 ak` /G# f goaknckn ckiexmapcek+ Pocw xfycf~awwfwwfw Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb anackwp pofwfflfmfkpw ak` fago ei pof fkvmfxapf` awzfgpw+ Ck xfwzfgp ei fago fwwfkpcal flf-mfkp, a `fpfxmckapcek cw ma`f poap fcpofx /c# pof flfmfkp cw ck zlagf, /cc# pofflfmfkp cw ck zlagf hvp gfxpack awzfgpw ei pof lfnal cmzlfmfkpapcek ei pofflfmfkp kff` cmzxeyfmfkp, ex /ccc# pof flfmfkp cw kep ck zlagf+ Pofwf `fpfx-mckapcekw axf aggemzakcf` hs xfgemmfkàpcekw ek oe~ gfxpack awzfgpw ei

pof wswpfm gevl` hf wpxfknpofkf`+ A wvmmaxs ei pof ick`cknw anackwp poewfflfmfkpw cw wfp evp ek zanfw ?1-?7 ei pocw xfzexp+

11+ Pof awwfwwmfkp ~aw gek`vgpf` hs a pfam ~ocgo gekwcwpf` ei p~eawwfwwexw4 Mx+ Oawak Oalcl Nekvl, Ofa` ei Nxevz, Zxfwc`fkgs ei XfyfkvfA`mckcwpxapcek, Mckcwpxs ei Ickakgf ei Pvxbfs ak` Mx+ Xehfxp Nxas, @cxfgpex ei Ckgemf Pa , Wpapfw ei Nvfxkwfs Ckgemf Pa 2 ak` ekf xfzxfwfkpapcyf ei pof Nlehal Iexvm Wfgxfpaxcap4 Mxw+ Xfkapa Iekpaka+ Pof awwfwwmfkp pfamf amckf` pof lfnal ak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb iex pxakwzaxfkgs ak` f goaknfei ckiexmapcek ak` xflfyakp f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek mfgoakcwmw ck Wp+ Bcppwak` Kfycw+


12/98


1: CKPXE@VGPCEK

Eyfxycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw

Neyfxkakgf, fgekemcg gekpf p ak` lfnal wswpfm

18+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw a if`fxapcek ei p~e cwlak`w ~cpo a gemhckf` axfaei ahevp 891 bm 8 ak` a zezvlapcek ei 61 3>: /Dvkf 8::3 fwpcmapf#, ei ~ocgoxevnols >9& xfwc`fw ck Wp+ Bcppw+ Pof If`fxapcek cw wcpvapf` ahevp 798 bmwevpofawp ei Zvfxpe Xcge ck pof Fawpfxk Gaxchhfak+ Hawwfpfxxf cw pof gazcpalei Wp+ Bcppw ak` pof a`mckcwpxapcyf gazcpal ei pof If`fxapcek+ Goaxlfwpe~k cwpof gazcpal ei Kfycw+ Fknlcwo cw pof eiicgcal laknvanf+ Pof gvxxfkgs cw pof FawpGaxchhfak èllax /_G@# ~ocgo oaw hffk zfnnf` pe pof VW èllax wckgf 13>9 apa xapf ei _G@ 8+>: pe VW@ 1+::+

17+ Pof fgekems ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw ~aw pxa`cpcekalls hawf` ek pofmakviagpvxckn ei wvnax hvp `fgxfawckn ~exl` zxcgfw kfnapcyfls aiifgpf` pofck`vwpxs, ofkgf cpw glewvxf ck 8::6+ Wckgf poap pcmf, pof mack `xcyfxw ei poffgekems axf ckpfxkapcekal ickakgcal wfxycgfw, xfal fwpapf, gekwpxvgpcek, ~oelf-walf ak` xfpacl pxa`ckn, makviagpvxckn ak` pevxcwm+ Penfpofx, pofwf agpcycpcfwaggevkp iex azzxe cmapfls 97+0& ei pof If`fxapcekw Nxeww @emfwpcg Zxe`vgp/N@Z#+ Ck pof zawp, Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oaw oa` a iacxls nee` pxagb xfgex` ei fgekemcg nxe~po, hvp pocw oaw hffk a`yfxwfls aiifgpf` ck xfgfkp pcmfw hs poffiifgpw ei pof nlehal ickakgcal ak` fgekemcg gxcwcw+ Gekwfqvfkpls, ck 8::3 xfalN@Z gekpxagpf` hs 0+6& ak` a ivxpofx gekpxagpcek ei 1+8& oaw hffk fwpcmapfìex 8:1:+ Pof fgekems cw f zfgpf` pe pvxkaxevk` ck 8:11 ~ofk a nxe~po xapf

ei 8+8& cw f zfgpf`+10+ Pof mack pxa`ckn zaxpkfxw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw axf pof Vkcpf`Wpapfw, epofx GAXCGEM gevkpxcfw /ck zaxpcgvlax, Pxckcà` ak` Pehane#, pofVkcpf` Bcknèm, Zvfxpe Xcge ak` Dazak+ 1 Iexfcnk `cxfgp ckyfwpmfkpw ckWp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw axf mewpls ma`f hs fkpcpcfw ixem Gakaà ak` pof Vkcpf`Wpapfw+

16+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw a gemmek la~ dvxcw`cgpcek ~ocgo oaw a gekwpc-pvpcekal mekaxgos ~cpo a zaxlcamfkpaxs wswpfm ei neyfxkmfkp+ Cp hfgamf akck`fzfk`fkp kapcek ck 13?7+ Pof zxfwfkp gekwpcpvpcek zxeyc`fw iex pof wfza-

xapcek ei ze~fxw vk`fx pof Neyfxkex Nfkfxal, Zaxlcamfkp, pof F fgvpcyf,pof Dv`cgcaxs ak` pof Zvhlcg Wfxycgf+

19+ Pof ofa` ei wpapf cw pof Hxcpcwo Mekaxgo ~oe cw xfzxfwfkpf` ck Wp+ Bcppw hs a Neyfxkex Nfkfxal+ Pof Zxcmf Mckcwpfx cw azzeckpf` hs pof Neyfxkex Nfkfxal aw pof mfmhfx ei pof Oevwf ei Awwfmhls hfwp ahlf pe gemmak` pofwvzzexp ei pof madexcps ei pof mfmhfxw+ Pof f fgvpcyf avpoexcps cw yfwpf` ck pof

1+ Hawf` ek pxa`f ckiexmapcek iex 8::3, pof Vkcpf` Wpapfw gekpckvfw pe hf pof mackwevxgf ei cmzexpw ckpe Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw /97+?>, ielle~f` hs Pxckcà` ak` Pehane/>+9:, pof Vkcpf` Bcknèm /0+00, Zvfxpe Xcge /8+33 ak` Dazak /8+68+


13/98


CKPXE@VGPCEK 11

Zxcmf Mckcwpfx ak` Gahckfp, ~ocgo cw vwvalls wflfgpf` ixem ocw zaxps mfmhfxwck pof If`fxal lfncwlapvxf+ Pof vkcgamfxal lfncwlapvxf gekwcwpw ei 10 mfmhfxw,ei ~ocgo 11 mfmhfxw axf zezvlaxls flfgpf` ap nfkfxal flfgpcekw `vf fyfxs icyfsfaxw, ak` poxff axf azzeckpf`+

1>+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw a gemmek la~ dvxcw`cgpcek+ ôfxf pof If`fxa-pcekw wpapvpfw ielle~ ek Fknlcwo la~ wpapvpf, pof ckpfxzxfpapcek ak` zxfgf`fkpei pof Fknlcwo Gevxpw cw ei zfxwvawcyf avpoexcps ck pof If`fxapcekw Gevxp hvp~cll scfl` pe `fgc`f` avpoexcps ei pof If`fxapcekw Gevxp+ Pof ocfxaxgos ei la~w ck pof If`fxapcek axf aw ielle~w4

Agpw zawwf` ck pof If`fxal Lfncwlapvxf /Kapcekal Awwfmhls#, ckglv`-ckn ckpfxkapcekal /pa # pxfapcfw, ~ocgo axf ncyfk fiifgp poxevno lfncwla-pcek2

Ex`ckakgfw zawwf` hs pof Kfycw Cwlak` Lfncwlapvxf /Kfycw CwlakÀwwfmhls#2 ak`

Wvhwc`caxs lfncwlapcek4 Xfnvlapcekw, Wpapvpexs Xvlfw ak` Ex`fxw+

1?+ Pof Gekwpcpvpcek nxakpw wcnkcicgakp avpekems pe pof cwlak` ei Kfycw~ocgo oaw a wfmc-avpekemevw Kfycw Cwlak` A`mckcwpxapcek ak` a @fzvpsNeyfxkex-Nfkfxal ~oe kamfw pof Zxfmcfx+ 8

Eyfxycf~ ei gemmfxgcal la~w ak` epofx xflfyakp iagpexw iex

f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek13+ Iex pof zvxzewfw ei pof ickakgcal wfxycgfw ak` èmfwpcg gexzexapfak` gemmfxgcal wfgpexw, pof If`fxapcek ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw Gekwpcpvpcekalixamf~exb zxeyc`fw iex fago cwlak` pe `fyflez lfncwlapcyf ak` a`mckcwpxapcyfwpxvgpvxfw ak` zxegf`vxfw pe neyfxk poewf wfgpexw+ Ofkgf, ck Wp+ Bcppw pofxfaxf agpw neyfxkckn gemzakcfw, zaxpkfxwoczw ak` pxvwpw poap axf xfncwpfxf` ckWp+ Bcppw, ~oclwp ck Kfycw pofxf axf ex`ckakgfw pe neyfxk wcmclax fkpcpcfw+ Pofyaxcevw xflfyakp la~w axf evplckf` hfle~+

8+ Wgof`vlf 6 pe pof Gekwpcpvpcek fkvmfxapfw poewf mappfxw ~cpo xfwzfgp pe ~ocgopof Kfycw Cwlak` Lfncwlapvxf oaw f glvwcyf ze~fxw pe mabf la~w, ckglv`ckn fge-kemcg zlakkckn ak` `fyflezmfkp epofx poak kapcekal zlakkckn ak` `fyflezmfkp,ck`vwpxcfw, pxa`fw ak` hvwckfwwfw, ak` aks mappfx poap cw ckgc`fkpal ak` wvzzlf-mfkpaxs ckglv`ckn hvp kep lcmcpf` pe eiifkgfw, dvxcw`cgpcek, ze~fxw, zxagpcgf ak`

zxegf`vxf ei gevxpw ei la~, iffw ak` goaxnfw ck xfwzfgp ei wfxycgfw zxeyc`f`, pofcwwvf ei lcgfkwfw, zfxmcpw ak` gfxpcicgapfw+ Ofkgf pof ahclcps iex pof Kfycw CwlakÀ`mckcwpxapcek pe fkagp la~w neyfxkckn lfnal zfxwekw ak` lfnal axxaknfmfkpw pe

hf xfncwpfxf` ak` gaxxsckn ek hvwckfww ck Kfycw+


14/98


18 CKPXE@VGPCEK

Wp+ Bcppw

8:+ Pof Gemzakcfw Agp /GAZ 81+:7# wfpw evp pof xfqvcxfmfkpw kfgfw-waxs iex he`cfw gexzexapf pe hf iexmf` ak` xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw+ F fmzp

/ckpfxkapcekal# ex ex`ckaxs /èmfwpcg# gemzakcfw mas hf iexmf` vk`fx pocwagp+ F fmzp gemzakcfw axf zxcmaxcls iexmf` pe gek`vgp hvwckfww evpwc`fpof If`fxapcek ak` axf kep alle~f` pe gek`vgp hvwckfww ~cpo xfwc`fkpw, ~oclfex`ckaxs gemzakcfw axf kep wvhdfgp pe wvgo xfwpxcgpcekw+ Iaclvxf pe aòfxf pepocw xfqvcxfmfkp ~evl` xfwvlp ck a leww ei pof gemzaksw pa f fmzpcek wpapvw+Gemzakcfw mas hf lcmcpf` hs nvaxakpff, lcmcpf` hs woaxfw ex lcmcpf` hs hepowoaxfw ak` nvaxakpff+

81+ Ak f pfxkal /iexfcnk# gemzaks cw `fickf` aw a he`s gexzexapf ~ocgocw ckgexzexapf` evpwc`f pof If`fxapcek ak` ~ocgo gaxxcfw ek hvwckfww ck pof

If fxapcek ex ~ocgo oaw ak a``xfww ck pof If`fxapcek ~ocgo cw vwf` xfnvlaxlsiex pof zvxzewfw ei a hvwckfww+ F pfxkal gemzakcfw mas hf xfncwpfxf` vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Agp+ Pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapcekw Ex`fx /Xfycwf`Wfyfkpo Wgof`vlf pe pof Gemzakcfw Agp# zxeyc`fw iex pof lcgfkwckn ei zfxwekw~oe gek`vgp pxvwp hvwckfww /pxvwpffw, fpg+# ak` gexzexapf hvwckfww /kemckffw,fpg+#+

88+ Ck Wp+ Bcppw, pofxf axf gvxxfkpls p~e pszfw ei zaxpkfxwoczw4 /c# nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw, ak` /cc# lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw /f fmzp ak` èmfwpcg#+ Nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw oayf ke lfnal zfxwekalcps ak` axf kep wvhdfgp pe xfncwpxapcekck Wp+ Bcppw, vklfww pofs zfxiexm a ickakgcal wfxycgfw hvwckfww+ Vk`fx pofVkckgexzexapf` Hvwckfww Pa Agp Ke+ 6 ei 8:1:, pofs axf xfqvcxf` pe zas pa fwak` pe iclf xfpvxkw+ Pof fwpahlcwomfkp ak` xfncwpxapcek ei lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw/f fmzp ak` èmfwpcg# ck Wp+ Bcppw cw neyfxkf` hs pof Lcmcpf` ZaxpkfxwoczwAgp /GAZ 81+18#+ Pof Pxvwpw Agp /GAZ 6+13# zxeyc`fw iex pof xfqvcxfmfkpw iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei pxvwpw, ~oclf pof Ievkàpcekw Agp Ke+ ? ei 8::7 wfpw evp pofxfqvcxfmfkpw iex pof fwpahlcwomfkp ak` xfncwpxapcek ei ievkàpcekw ck Wp+ Bcppw+

Kfycw

87+ Ck Kfycw, legal / emfwpcg# gemzakcfw gak hf ckgexzexapf` vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 0 ei 1333, aw amfk`f`+ Legal gemzakcfw gak

hf gapfnexcwf` aw zvhlcg, zxcyapf%zxeicp, kek-zxeicp ak` f pfxkal gemzakcfw+Gexzexapcekw lcmcpf` hs woaxfw /KHGw# ak` lcmcpf` lcahclcps gemzakcfw /LLGw#gak hf ckgexzexapf` xfwzfgpcyfls vk`fx pof Kfycw Hvwckfww GexzexapcekEx`ckakgf Ke+ 7 ei 13?0 ak` pof Kfycw Lcmcpf` Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf

Ke+ 1 ei 1336, aw amfk`f`+ Pofs axf iexmf` zxcmaxcls iex pof gaxxsckn ek ei hvwckfww evpwc`f ei Kfycw ak` axf f fmzp ixem pa zxeyc`f` poap pofs è kepè hvwckfww pofxfck+

80+ Pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 1 ei 1330, awamfk`f`, zxeyc`fw iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei ckpfxkapcekal pxvwpw, wzfk`-poxcip ex


15/98


CKPXE@VGPCEK 17

zxepfgpcyf pxvwpw ak` goaxcpahlf pxvwpw+ Pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 8 ei 8::0 zxeyc`fw iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw+

If`fxapcek86+ If`fxal lfncwlapcek /azzlcgahlf ck hepo Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw# neyfxkwpof f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw, mvpval f goaknf ei ckiexma-pcek iex gxcmckal mappfxw, akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn ak` gexzexapf pa mappfxw+Pof Wp+ Goxcwpezofx ak` Kfycw /Mvpval F goaknf ei Ckiexmapcek ek Pa apcekMappfxw# Agp Ke+ > ei 8::3 ~aw fkagpf` pe `fwcnkapf pof Ickakgcal Wfgxfpaxsaw pof Pa Ge-ezfxapcek Avpoexcps iex pof zvxzewfw ei iagclcpapckn f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek xfqvfwpw wvhmcppf` poxevno wgof`vlf` Pa Ckiexmapcek F goaknfAnxffmfkpw /PCFAw# ak` @evhlf Pa apcek Gekyfkpcekw /@PGw#+ PofIckakgcal Wfgxfpaxs cw pofxfiexf pof welf `f`cgapf` goakkfl ck pof If`fxapcekiex ckpfxkapcekal ge-ezfxapcek ek mappfxw ckyelyckn pof zxeycwcek ei pa -xflapf` ckiexmapcek+

89+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw el`fwp FEC axxaknfmfkp ~aw wcnkf` ~cpo W~cptfx-lak` ck 1397 / c+f+ hfiexf ck`fzfk`fkgf# ak` pof mewp xfgfkp ~cpo Nfxmaks ck8:1:+ Cpw FEC kfp~exb fkgemzawwfw 77 dvxcw`cgpcekw ak` wckgf Azxcl 8::3 cpgekpckvfw pe hf xazc`ls f zak`f`+ Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw a zaxps pe pof mvlpc-lapfxal GAXCGEM anxffmfkp penfpofx ~cpo pfk epofx mfmhfxw ei poap exnakc-wapcek+ Aw a mfmhfx gevkpxs ei pof Nlehal Iexvm, Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw cw akagpcyf zaxpcgczakp ck `cwgvwwcekw ek all kf~ `fyflezmfkpw ck axfaw xflapf` peFEC+

Nfkfxal ckiexmapcek ek pof pa apcek wswpfm

8>+ Pof If`fxapcek `fxcyfw azzxe cmapfls oali ei cpw pa xfyfkvf ixempa fw ek ckpfxkapcekal pxa`f+ Ck a``cpcek, pa fw axf lfycf` ek gexzexapf ckgemfak` pof gekwvmzpcek ei èmfwpcg nee`w ak` wfxycgfw wvgo aw oepfl aggem-meàpcek, pof xfncwpxapcek ei mepex yfocglfw ak` wpamz `vps ek wzfgcicf`ckwpxvmfkpw ckglv`ckn gfxpcicgapfw ak` epofx lfnal ègvmfkpw+ Zxezfxps pa fwaxf alwe zasahlf+ Pofxf cw ke zfxwekal ckgemf pa hvp a oevwckn ak` wegcal`fyflezmfkp lfys cw goaxnf` ek ~anfw, walaxcfw ak` alle~akgfw+

8?+ Pof a`mckcwpxapcek ei ckgemf pa cw neyfxkf` hs pof Ckgemf PaAgp /GAZ 8:+88# ak` pof Pa A`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfw Agp Ke+ 18 ei 8::7+ All xfwc`fkp gexzexapcekw /ckgexzexapf` ex ~cpo pof zlagf ei makanf-mfkp ak` gekpxel ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw# axf pa f` ek pofcx ~exl`~c`f ckgemfap pof xapf ei 76&, xfnax`lfww ei pof amevkp /w+ 7, Ckgemf Pa Agp#+ F pfxkal/iexfcnk# gemzakcfw ~ocgo ezfxapf ck pof If`fxapcek mvwp hf xfncwpfxf` ~cpopof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ak` mvwp zas gexzexapcek pa ek legalls wevxgf`ckgemf, aw ~fll aw a pa ek hxakgo zxeicpw xfmcppakgf+


16/98


10 CKPXE@VGPCEK

83+ @emfwpcg pxvwpw, ievkàpcekw, zaxpkfxwoczw ak` fwpapfw axf pa f` ap pofwamf xapf aw gemzakcfw+ Ck a``cpcek pe gexzexapcek pa , gemzakcfw gaxxscknek lcif ckwvxakgf hvwckfww ak` nfkfxal ckwvxakgf hvwckfww mvwp zas a pa ek

zxfmcvm ckgemf+ Ck pof ckpfxkapcekal ickakgcal wfgpex, f fmzp gemzakcfw,pxvwpw, lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw, ievkàpcekw, mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw ak` lcmcpf`lcahclcps gemzakcfw axf kep xfqvcxf` pe zas pa fw+

Eyfxycf~ ei pof ickakgcal wfgpex ak` xflfyakp zxeifwwcekw

7:+ Pof If`fxapcekw ickakgcal wfgpex cw gemzxcwf` ei pof ielle~ckn fkpcpcfw4gemmfxgcal hakbw, mvpval ivk`w, gazpcyf, ckpfxkapcekal ak` èmfwpcg ckwvxakgfgemzakcfw, gemzakcfw ak` zaxpkfxwoczw, pxvwpw, ievkàpcekw ak` wocz xfncwpxa-pcek+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 18 lcgfkwf` ickakgcal ckwpcpvpcekw ezfxap-ckn ck Wp+ Bcppw /6 èmfwpcg hakbw, 6 mekfs wfxycgfw hvwckfww, ak` 8 gxf`cpvkcekw# ak` ? lcgfkwf` ickakgcal ckwpcpvpcekw ezfxapckn ck Kfycw /1 eiiwoexf

hakb, 0 mekfs wfxycgfw hvwckfww, 1 gxf`cp vkcek, 8 mvpval ivk` a`mckcwpxapexw%makanfxw#+

71+ Ck a``cpcek, pofxf ~fxf 1 7:> ex`ckaxs gemzakcfw, 1 >9: f fmzp gemzakcfw, 10: f fmzp gazpcyf ckwvxakgf gemzakcfw, 10 lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw, 0?pxvwpw ak` 009 ievkàpcekw xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw+ Ck Kfycw, pofxf ~fxf 900legal gemzakcfw, 11 67? gexzexapcekw, 0 891 lcmcpf` lcahclcps gemzakcfw, 1>8ckpfxkapcekal ckwvxakgf gemzakcfw, 1 :97 ckpfxkapcekal f fmzp pxvwpw ak` ?9mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw+

78+ Pof gemmfxgcal hakbw axf wvzfxycwf` hs pof Fawpfxk GaxchhfakGfkpxal Hakb, ~ocgo wfxyfw aw pof zxv`fkpcal xfnvlapex+ Ck a``cpcek, pofkek-hakb ickakgcal wfgpex cw xfnvlapf` hs pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw XfnvlapexsGemmcwwcek, ~ocgo cw alwe xfwzekwchlf iex wvzfxycwckn all xfnvlapf` hvwc-kfwwfw lcwpf` ck pof Zxegff`w ei Gxcmf Agp, pe `fpfxmckf gemzlcakgf ~cpoakpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn wpapvpfw /Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek/Amfk`mfkp# Agp Ke+ 1: ei 8:1:#+

77+ Pof Akpc-Mekfs Lavk`fxckn Xfnvlapcekw Ke+ 86 ei 8::? /AMLXfnvlapcekw# ak` pof azzfk`f` Nvcàkgf Kepfw ek pof Zxfyfkpcek ei MekfsLavk`fxckn ak` Pfxxexcwp Ickakgckn /Nvcàkgf Kepfw# ~fxf cwwvf`, zvxwvakppe wfgpcek 9>/1# ei pof Zxegff`w ei Gxcmf Agp ei 8::: /GAZ 0+8?#, pe zxfwgxchfc`fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw, xfgex`-bffzckn zxegf`vxfw, ckpfxkal xfzexpckn

zxegf`vxfw ~ocgo axf pe hf mackpackf` hs aks zfxwek gaxxsckn ek xfnvlapf` hvwckfww iex pof zvxzewfw ei iexfwpallckn ak` zxfyfkpckn mekfs lavk`fxckn+

70+ Avpoexcwf` zfxwekw ~oe axf lcgfkwf` pe gek`vgp gexzexapf ex pxvwp hvwckfww / emfwpcg ak` f fmzp# mvwp hf lcgfkwf` vk fx pof Ickakgcal WfxycgfwXfnvlapcekw Ex`fx /Xfycwf` Wfyfkpo Wgof`vlf pe pof Gemzakcfw Agp# akàxf xfnvlapf` hs pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 36 lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw+


17/98


CKPXE@VGPCEK 16

Ck a``cpcek, all xfnvlapf` hvwckfwwfw axf xfqvcxf` pe aòfxf pe pof AMLXfnvlapcekw ak` pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw ~ofxf ehpackckn gvwpemfx c`fkpcicgapcekak` mackpackckn xfgex`w axf gekgfxkf`+

Xfgfkp `fyflezmfkpw

76+ Ck Wp+ Bcppw, pof Gemzakcfw Agp, pof Lcmcpf` Zaxpkfxwoczw Agp, pofPxvwpw Agp ak` pof Ievkàpcekw Agp oayf hffk xfgfkpls amfk`f` pe a``xfww pofxfgex`-bffzckn xfqvcxfmfkp gekgfxkckn /c# pof xfpfkpcek ei aggevkp xfgex`w iex a zfxce` ei ap lfawp icyf sfaxw, ak` /cc# pof ckglvwcek ei vk`fxlsckn ègvmfkpa-pcek+ Ck Kfycw, wcmclax amfk`mfkpw xfgfkpls peeb zlagf ~cpo xfwzfgp pe pofGemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf, pof Kfycw Hvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf, pof KfycwLcmcpf` Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf, pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp

Ex`ckakgf ak` pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Ex`ckakgf+


18/98


19/98


GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK 1>

Gemzlcakgf ~cpo pof Wpakàx`w

A+ Ayaclahclcps ei Ckiexmapcek

Eyfxycf~

79+ Fiifgpcyf f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek /FEC# xfqvcxfw pof ayaclahclcps ei xflcahlf ckiexmapcek+ Ck zaxpcgvlax, cp xfqvcxfw ckiexmapcek ek pof c`fkpcps ei e~kfxw ak` epofx wpabfoel`fxw aw ~fll aw ckiexmapcek ek pof pxakwagpcekw gax-xcf` evp hs fkpcpcfw ak` epofx exnakcwapcekal wpxvgpvxfw+ Wvgo ckiexmapcek mas

hf bfzp iex pa , xfnvlapexs, gemmfxgcal ex epofx xfawekw+ Ci pof ckiexmapcek cwkep bfzp ex cp cw kep mackpackf` iex a xfawekahlf zfxce` ei pcmf, a dvxcw`cgpcekwgemzfpfkp avpoexcps mas kep hf ahlf pe ehpack ak` zxeyc`f cp ~ofk xfqvfwpf`+Pocw wfgpcek ei pof xfzexp awwfwwfw pof a`fqvags ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw lfnalak` xfnvlapexs ixamf~exb ek pof ayaclahclcps ei ckiexmapcek+

7>+ Ck xfwzfgp ei e~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek, pof ehlcnapcekwcmzewf` ek èmfwpcg ak` f fmzp gemzakcfw, nfkfxal ak` lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw,

pxvwpw ak` mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw axf nfkfxalls wviicgcfkp pe mffp pof ckpfxka-pcekal wpakàx`+ Pof ehlcnapcekw cmzewf` `cxfgpls ek fkpcpcfw ak` axxaknfmfkpwaxf gemzlfmfkpf` hs pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn xvlfw, ~ocgo azzls pe lcgfkwf`wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw ak` zfxwekw gaxxsckn ek ickakgcal hvwckfww, ckglv`ckn kemc-kffw ak` pxvwpffw+ Pofwf xvlfw cmzewf a``cpcekal xfgex`-bffzckn xfqvcxfmfkpwiex xflfyakp ckiexmapcek ~ocgo cw ayaclahlf iex pof f goaknf ei ckiexmapcek iex pa zvxzewfw+

7?+ F pfxkal /iexfcnk# gemzakcfw ~ocgo ezfxapf ck pof If`fxapcek axfxfqvcxf` pe `cwglewf e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek xfnax`ckn pofcx woaxfoel`fxw aw

zaxp ei a makàpexs xfncwpxapcek zxegfww+ Oe~fyfx, ck gfxpack lcmcpf` ckwpakgfw,


20/98


1? GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK

pofxf azzfax pe hf wemf `ficgcfkgcfw ck pof ayaclahclcps ei e~kfxwocz ckiexma-pcek xfnax`ckn gekpxellckn woaxfoel`fxw ei iexfcnk gemzakcfw ~ocgo è kepezfxapf ck pof If`fxapcek, hvp ~ocgo axf kfyfxpoflfww makanf` ak` gekpxellf`pofxfixem+ Pof ehlcnapcekw cmzewf` ek xfncwpfxf` anfkpw ei f fmzp gemzakcfwck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oayf pof fiifgp ei cmmehclctckn hfaxfx woaxfw, aw ~fll aw

zxeyc`ckn iex a`fqvapf mfgoakcwmw pe ck fkpcis e~kfxw ei hfaxfx woaxfw+

73+ Ck xfwzfgp ei aggevkpckn ckiexmapcek, pof la~w neyfxkckn xflfyakpfkpcpcfw fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oayf hffk xfgfkpls amfk`f` ak`

hxevnop ck lckf ~cpo pof ckpfxkapcekal wpakàx`+ Nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw poapgaxxs ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek axf wvhdfgp pe wcmclax xfgex`-bffzcknehlcnapcekw vk`fx pof azzlcgahlf pa la~w+

0:+ Aw pe hakb ckiexmapcek, pof gemhckapcek ei pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fx-ckn xvlfw ak` lcgfkwckn xfqvcxfmfkpw nfkfxalls cmzewf azzxezxcapf ehlcnapcekwpe fkwvxf poap all xfgex`w zfxpackckn pe aggevkp oel`fxw, aw ~fll aw xflapfìckakgcal ak` pxakwagpcek ckiexmapcek, axf ayaclahlf+

A+1+ E~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek

Dvxcw`cgpcekw woevl` fkwvxf poap e~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek iex all xflfyakpfkpcpcfw ak` axxaknfmfkpw cw ayaclahlf pe pofcx gemzfpfkp avpoexcpcfw+

01+ Pof xflfyakp fkpcpcfw ak` axxaknfmfkpw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw axf

gemzakcfw /PeX A+1+1#, wemf ei ~ocgo mas cwwvf hfaxfx woaxfw /PeX A+1+8#, zaxpkfxwoczw /PeX A+1+7#, pxvwpw /PeX A+1+0# ak` ievkàpcekw /PeX A+1+6#+

Gemzakcfw /PeX A+1+1#

Pszfw ei gemzakcfw

08+ Pof If`fxapcek ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw Gekwpcpvpcekal ixamf~exb zxe-yc`fw iex fago cwlak` pe `fyflez lfncwlapcyf ak` a`mckcwpxapcyf wpxvgpvxfw ak`

zxegf`vxfw pe neyfxk pof ickakgcal, gexzexapf ak` gemmfxgcal wfgpexw+ Ofkgf,

ck Wp+ Bcppw pofxf axf agpw neyfxkckn gemzakcfw, zaxpkfxwoczw, pxvwpw ak` ievk-àpcekw poap axf xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw, ~oclwp ck Kfycw pofxf axf ex`ckakgfw peneyfxk wcmclax fkpcpcfw+

07+ Pof Gemzakcfw Agp /GAZ 81+:7# /ww+ ? ak` 19# alle~w iex pof ielle~-ckn pszfw ei gemzakcfw pe hf ckgexzexapf` ck Wp+ Bcppw4

gemzakcfw lcmcpf` hs woaxfw2 ak`

gemzakcfw lcmcpf` hs nvaxakpff+

00+ Wvgo gemzakcfw mas hf fcpofx zxcyapf ex zvhlcg+ Ck a``cpcek, pofsmas alwe hf glawwcicf` aw ex`ckaxs /èmfwpcg# ex f fmzp /ckpfxkapcekal#+ Aw ei


21/98


GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK 13

Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 1 7:> ex`ckaxs gemzakcfw /1 8?3 lcmcpf` hs woaxfwak` 1? lcmcpf` hs nvaxakpff#, 1 >9: f fmzp gemzakcfw ak` 10: f fmzp gaz-pcyf ckwvxakgf gemzakcfw xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw+

06+ Ck Kfycw, gemzakcfw mas hf ckgexzexapf` vk`fx poxff wfzaxapf zcfgfwei lfncwlapcek, aw ielle~w4

legal / emfwpcg# gemzakcfw iexmf` vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 0 ei 1333, aw amfk`f`2

gexzexapcekw lcmcpf` hs woaxfw /KHGw# iexmf` vk`fx pof Kfycw HvwckfwwGexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 7 ei 13?0, aw amfk f`2 ak`

lcmcpf` lcahclcps gemzakcfw /LLGw# iexmf` vk`fx pof Kfycw Lcmcpf`Lcahclcps Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 1 ei 1336, aw amfk`f`+

09+ Legal gemzakcfw mas hf fcpofx zxcyapf ex zvhlcg+ KHGw ak` LLGwaxf iexmf` zxcmaxcls iex pof gaxxsckn ek ei hvwckfww evpwc`f ei Kfycw ak` axff fmzp ixem pa zxeyc`f` poap pofs è kep è hvwckfww pofxfck+ Aw ei Maxgo8:11, pofxf ~fxf 900 legal gemzakcfw /63> zxeicp ak` 0> kek-zxeicp#, 11 67?

KHGw, 0 891 LLGw ak` 1>8 ckpfxkapcekal ckwvxakgf gemzakcfw xfncwpfxf` ck Kfycw+

0>+ All ex`ckaxs gemzakcfw xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw vk`fx pof GemzakcfwAgp ak` legal gemzakcfw /~cpo pof f gfzpcek ei kek-zxeicp gemzakcfw# xfn-cwpfxf` ck Kfycw vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf axf wvhdfgp pe ckgemf pa

cmzewf` vk`fx pof Ckgemf Pa Agp /GAZ 8:+88#+7

Gekyfxwfls, f fmzp gemzakcfw fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw ex ck Kfycw /c+f+ KHGw ak` LLGw# axf f fmzpixem all ckgemf, gazcpal nackw ak` ~cpooel`ckn pa fw, aw ~fll aw wpamz `vpcfw,

zxeyc`f` pofs è kep gek`vgp hvwckfww ~cpo xfwc`fkpw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw/ww+ 8:>/1# ak` 8:?, Gemzakcfw Agp, w+ 18/3#, Kfycw Hvwckfww GexzexapcekEx`ckakgf ak` w+ 7, Kfycw Lcmcpf` Lcahclcps Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf#+

0?+ Ck a``cpcek pe pof xfqvcxfmfkpw `fwgxchf` hfle~ vk`fx ~ocgo e~k-fxwocz ckiexmapcek mvwp hf mackpackf`, pof Xfncwpxax èfw kep azzxeyf akspxakwifx vklfww wpamz `vps oaw hffk zac` vk`fx pof Wpamzw Agp /GAZ 8:+0:#ex f fmzpf` vk`fx aks epofx la~, aw gfxpcicf` hs pof Gemzpxellfx ei Cklak`Xfyfkvf+ Pe pocw fk`, pof Gemzpxellfx ei Cklak` Xfyfkvf cw ckiexmf` ~ofkpofxf axf aks goaknfw ck woaxfoel`ckn+

7+ @emfwpcg gemzakcfw axf awwcnkf` a pa c`fkpcicgapcek kvmhfx /w+ 6, Pa A`mckcw-pxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfw Agp ei 8::7 ak` w+ 6, Pa A`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfwEx`ckakgf ei 8::># ak` axf xfqvcxf` pe iclf gexzexapcek pa xfpvxkw ~cpo pof PaGemzpxellfx, Cklak` Xfyfkvf @fzaxpmfkp, a `cycwcek ei pof Mckcwpxs ei Ickakgfck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw /w+ 71/1#/h# ak` w+ 0?, Ckgemf Pa Agp#+


22/98


8: GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK

@emfwpcg ak` f fmzp gemzakcfw

Wp+ Bcppw

03+ Pof Gemzakcfw Agp azzlcfw pe all pszfw ei gemzakcfw ckgexzexapfàk`%ex xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw ak`, pofxfiexf, pof xfqvcxfmfkpw xfnax`ckn mack-packckn e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek ~evl` azzls fqvalls pe èmfwpcg, f fmzp ak`f pfxkal gemzakcfw /wff wfgpcek ek Iexfcnk gemzakcfw, hfle~#+

6:+ Vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Agp, fyfxs gemzaks cw xfqvcxf` pe bffz a xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw gekpackckn pofcx zaxpcgvlaxw /c+f+kamfw ak` a``xfwwfw iex ak ck`c-yc`val ex kamf, zlagf ei ckgexzexapcek ak` a``xfww ei xfncwpfxf` ex zxckgczaleiicgf iex a he`s gexzexapf#, pof àpfw pofs hfgamf ak` gfawf` pe hf mfmhfxw,ak` pof amevkp ei woaxfw ex nvaxakpff, aw pof gawf mas hf /ww+ 86, 01/1# ak`

6:/7#/g##+ A pxakwifx ei woaxfw mas ekls hf xfgex`f` ek pof xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxwvzek `flcyfxs pe pof gemzaks ei a ~xcppfk ckwpxvmfkp ei pxakwifx /w+ 08/1##+

61+ E~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek ek fago mfmhfx mvwp hf bfzp ck pof xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw iex ap lfawp pfk sfaxw ixem pof àpf ek ~ocgo of%wof gfawf` pe hf amfmhfx /w+ 01/7##+ Ck pof fyfkp ei lcqvcàpcek, pof gemzaksw xfgex`w mvwp hfbfzp iex ap lfawp pfk sfaxw aipfx pof gemzaksw `cwwelvpcek /w+ 136/8##+ Pof xfn-cwpfx ei mfmhfxw mvwp hf bfzp ap pof gemzaksw xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ex flwf~ofxf~cpock pof If`fxapcek ak` pof gemzaks mvwp ncyf kepcgf pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ei pof zlagf ~ofxf cpw xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw cw bfzp, ak` ei aksgoaknfw ei poap zlagf /w+ 00/1# ak` /8##+

68+ Ivxpofxmexf, fyfxs gemzaks ckgexzexapf` ex xfncwpfxf` vk`fx pofGemzakcfw Agp cw xfqvcxf` pe hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw/w+ 0/7##+ Pofs mvwp `cwglewf ckiexmapcek ek pof c`fkpcps ei pof ckcpcal lfnale~kfxw /hepo kapvxal ak` lfnal zfxwekw#, aw zaxp ei pof xfncwpxapcek zxegfww/w+ 6/8##+ All gemzakcfw axf xfqvcxf` pe mackpack a xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck pofIf`fxapcek ak` pe iclf akkval xfpvxkw ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw, gekpack-ckn gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof `cxfgpexw, pof wfgxfpaxs ak` /f gfzpiex f fmzp gemzakcfw# pof mfmhfxw%woaxfoel`fxw /ww+ 9?/1# ak` >8/8##+ Aksgoaknfw ck e~kfxwocz ex `cxfgpexwocz mvwp hf xfzexpf` pe pof Xfncwpxax ei

Gemzakcfw ~cpock 81 àsw /w+ 1:1#+ E~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek gekgfxkckn f fmzpgemzakcfw mvwp kfyfxpoflfww hf mackpackf` hs a lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fx, awivxpofx `fpaclf` vk`fx pof wfgpcek ek Akpc-mekfs lavk fxckn la~w hfle~+

Kfycw

67+ Pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf zlagfw ak ehlcnapcek ek èmfwpcg gemza-kcfw pe mackpack xfgex`w ak` xfncwpfxw ei mfmhfxw woe~ckn4 /c# pof kamf ak`pof lapfwp bke~k a``xfww ei fago zfxwek ~oe cw a mfmhfx2 /cc# a wpapfmfkpei pof woaxfw ofl` hs fago mfmhfx2 ak` /ccc# pof àpf ek ~ocgo fago zfxwek

hfgamf ak` gfawf` pe hf a mfmhfx /ww+ 0/1# ak` 1>>/8##+


23/98



60+ Zvhlcg gemzakcfw mvwp zxfzaxf ak` mackpack a xfncwpfx ei wvhwpakpcalwoaxfoel`ckn /ww+ 1>>/0#, 1?1-1?6#, ckglv`ckn woaxfw ofl` hs a zfxwek ex hs akemckff /wff hfle~ wfgpcek ek Kemckffw#, ~ocgo fkpcplf pof oel`fx pe f fxgcwfap lfawp pfk zfxgfkp ei pof vkxfwpxcgpf` yepckn xcnopw ap aks nfkfxal mffpckn ei woaxfoel`fxw /w+ 1?1/1##+ A wvhwpakpcal woaxfoel`fx mvwp ncyf kepcgf ck ~xcpcknpe pof gemzaks wpapckn ocw%ofx kamf ak` a``xfww ak` ncyckn ivll zaxpcgvlaxwei pof woaxfw ofl` hs ocm%ofx ex hs a kemckff /kamckn pof kemckff#, ~cpock10 àsw aipfx hfgemckn a~axf poap of%wof hfgamf ex gfawf pe hf a wvhwpakpcalwoaxfoel`fx /ww+ 1?8 ak` 1?7#+

66+ A pxakwifx ei woaxfw mas ekls hf xfgex`f` ek pof xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxwvzek `flcyfxs pe pof gemzaks ei a ~xcppfk ckwpxvmfkp ei pxakwifx wcnkf` hspof pxakwifxex ak` pof pxakwifxff /ww+ 136/1# ak` 133/1##+ Pof hfkficgcal e~kfx-wocz ei pof woaxfw ei a gemzaks zawwfw pe pof pxakwifxff /c# ek pof `flcyfxs pe

ocm%ofx ei pof ckwpxvmfkp ei pxakwifx wcnkf` hs pof pxakwifxex ak` azzxeyf` hs pof Xfncwpxax ex /cc# ek pof `flcyfxs pe ocm%ofx ei ak ckwpxvmfkp ei pxakwifx wcnkf` hs pof pxakwifxex poap oaw hffk gfxpcicf` hs ex ek hfoali ei pof gem-

zaks, ex hs ex ek hfoali ei a xfgenkcwf` Wpegb F goaknf /w+ 136/0##+

69+ @emfwpcg gemzakcfw iexmf` vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf axf alwexfqvcxf` pe hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw /Lfnal @fzaxpmfkp,

Kfycw Cwlak` A`mckcwpxapcek#+ All èmfwpcg gemzakcfw axf xfqvcxf` pe mack-pack a xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck Kfycw ak` pe iclf akkval xfpvxkw /iexmw 8? ak` 8?A#pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ~cpo gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof mfm-

hfxw%woaxfoel`fxw /ww+ 1?/8#, 1>6/1# ak` 130/1##+ Ak allepmfkp ei woaxfw woe~cknpof kamfw ak` a``xfwwfw ei woaxfoel`fxw mvwp hf iclf` ap pof Xfncwpxax ~cpockekf mekpo ei xfncwpxapcek /w+ 1?/8#, aw amfk`f` hs w+ 8 ei pof Gemzakcfw/Amfk`mfkp# Ex`ckakgf, 8::?#+ Pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw mvwp bffz ègv-mfkpw iex wc sfaxw ixem pof àpf ei xfgfczp /w+ 6:>#+

6>+ F fmzp /ckpfxkapcekal# gemzakcfw iexmf` vk`fx pof Kfycw HvwckfwwGexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf / c+f+ KHGw# mvwp bffz a xfgex` gekpackckn pofkamfw ak` a``xfwwfw ei all xfncwpfxf` woaxfoel`fxw /w+ >9/8##, ckglv`ckn axfgex` ei pof kvmhfx ak` glaww ei woaxfw ofl` hs fago woaxfoel`fx /wff wfg-pcek A+1+8 ek hfaxfx woaxfw hfle~#+ LLGw iexmf` vk`fx pof Kfycw Lcmcpf`Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf axf xfqvcxf` pe bffz a xfgex` gekpackckn pofkamfw ak` a``xfww ei all mfmhfxw /ww+ 7>/8#/h##+

6?+ A``cpcekalls, all KHGw ak` LLGw ckgexzexapf` ak` exnakctf` vk`fx wvgo ex`ckakgfw mvwp, ap all pcmfw, oayf a xfncwpfxf` anfkp ck Wp+ Bcppw ak`

Kfycw /w+ 1>, Kfycw Hvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf ak` w+ 10, Kfycw Lcmcpf`Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf#+ Aw ivxpofx `fwgxchf` hfle~, xfncwpfxf` anfkpw/aw ~fll aw epofx lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw# axf xfqvcxf` pe mackpack c`fkpcpsckiexmapcek gekgfxkckn hfkficgcal ak` lfnal e~kfxw ei wvgo KHGw ak` LLGw,ck gemzlcakgf ~cpo pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn wpapvpfw+


24/98


88 GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK

63+ Mexfeyfx, KHGw ak` LLGw mvwp hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Kfycw IckakgcalWfxycgfw Xfncwpxs /Mckcwpxs ei Ickakgf, Kfycw Cwlak` A`mckcwpxapcek#+ KHGwaxf xfqvcxf` pe iclf pof axpcglfw ei ckgexzexapcek gekpackckn ckiexmapcek ekpof c`fkpcps ak` a``xfww ei pof ckcpcal lfnal e~kfxw ak` pof a``xfww ei pofxfncwpfxf` anfkp /hepo kapvxal ak` lfnal zfxwekw#, aw zaxp ei pof xfncwpxapcek

zxegfww /ww+ 86/6#, 86/18# ak` 8>#+ Wcmclaxls, LLGw axf xfqvcxf` pe iclf vzekxfncwpxapcek pof axpcglfw ei exnakctapcek gekpackckn ckiexmapcek ek pof c`fkpcpsei pof xfncwpfxf` anfkp ck Kfycw /w+ 89/ ##+

9:+ Vk`fx pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal Ckwvxakgf Ex`ckakgf, ekls KHGw~cpo a xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck Kfycw /ex ck wvgo epofx zlagf evpwc`f ei Kfycwaw azzxeyf` hs pof Xfncwpxax# gak azzls pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Ckwvxakgf iex alcgfkwf pe gek`vgp ckpfxkapcekal ckwvxakgf hvwckfww0 /w+ > ak` w+ 18#+ Aw zaxp ei pof azzlcgapcek zxegfww, azzlcgakpw mvwp `cwglewf ckiexmapcek gekgfxkckn pof

vlpcmapf hfkficgcal e~kfxwocz ei pofcx wpegbw ak` woaxfw /w+ 9#+ A xfncwpfxf`ckwvxfx mvwp iexpo~cpo kepcis pof Xfncwpxax ei Ckwvxakgf ck ~xcpckn ei aksgoaknfw ck pof zaxpcgvlaxw wfp evp ck pof azzlcgapcek iex xfncwpxapcek ex ck pof`egvmfkpw, ckiexmapcek, ex fyc`fkgf aggemzaksckn poap azzlcgapcek /w+ 17/8##+

Iexfcnk gemzakcfw

91+ Ak f pfxkal gemzaks cw a he`s gexzexapf ~ocgo cw ckgexzexapf` evp-wc`f pof If`fxapcek ak` ~ocgo gaxxcfw ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek ex ~ocgooaw ak a``xfww ck pof If`fxapcek ~ocgo cw vwf` xfnvlaxls iex pof zvxzewfw ei cpw hvwckfww+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 08 f pfxkal gemzakcfw xfncwpfxf`ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` 1? f pfxkal gemzakcfw xfncwpfxf` ck Kfycw+

98+ Vk`fx wfgpcek 139/1# ei pof Gemzakcfw Agp, a he`s gexzexapf ckgexze-xapf` evpwc`f pof If`fxapcek mvwp hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfwck ex`fx pe gaxxs ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek ex pe oayf ak a``xfww ck pofIf`fxapcek ~ocgo cp vwfw xfnvlaxls iex pof zvxzewf ei cpw hvwckfww+ Aw zaxp ei pof xfncwpxapcek zxegfww, a `cxfgpex ei pof gemzaks ex ak anfkp agpckn ek hfoali ei pof `cxfgpex/w# mvwp `cwglewf pe pof Xfncwpxax gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek

0+ Ckpfxkapcekal ckwvxakgf hvwckfww cw fickf` vk`fx pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal CkwvxakgfEx`ckakgf, Ke+ 1 ei 8::0 ak` amfk`f` hs Pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal Ckwvxakgf/Amfk`mfkp# Ex`ckakgf, Ke+ 1 ei 8::9 aw pof gaxxsckn ek ex pof gek`vgpckn,~ofpofx ~cpock ex evpwc`f Kfycw, ei aks ckwvxakgf hvwckfww ~ofxf fago ei pofckwvxf`, pof zfxwek pe ~oem pof zelcgs mekfsw axf zasahlf ak` pof e~kfx ei pof

zelcgs ex aks ekf ex mexf ei wvgo zfxwekw4 /c# cw kep emcgclf` ck Wp+ Bcppw ex Kfycw2/cc# cw kep ex`ckaxcls xfwc fkp ck Wp+ Bcppw ex Kfycw2 ak` /ccc# cw kep ak fkpcps ckgexze-xapf` ex xfncwpfxf` ck Wp+ Bcppw ex Kfycw vk`fx aks lfncwlapcek epofx poak pof KfycwHvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf, 13?0, pof Kfycw Lcmcpf` Lcahclcps GemzaksEx`ckakgf, 1336 ak` pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf, 1339+


25/98



/ckglv`ckn ivll kamfw ak` a``xfwwfw# ~cpo xfwzfgp pe fago `cxfgpex, pof wfgxf-paxs ak` pof anfkp/w# /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwek# /w+ 139/7##+

97+ Vk`fx wfgpcek 70: ei pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf, f pfxkal gemza-

kcfw gaxxsckn ek hvwckfww ck Kfycw mvwp hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw /Lfnal @fzaxpmfkp, Kfycw Cwlak` A`mckcwpxapcek#+ Aggex`cknpe wfgpcek 77?4 Ra]k f pfxkal gemzaks gaxxcfw ek hvwckfww ~cpock Kfycw4 /a#ci hvwckfww ei pof gemzaks cw xfnvlaxls pxakwagpf` ixem ak eiicgf ck Kfycwfwpahlcwof` ex vwf` iex pof zvxzewf2 /h# ci pof gemzaks fwpahlcwofw ex vwfw awoaxf pxakwifx ex woaxf xfncwpxapcek eiicgf ck Kfycw2 /g# ci pof gemzaks e~kw,

zewwfwwfw ex vwfw awwfpw wcpvapf` ck Kfycw iex pof zvxzewf ei gaxxsckn ekex zvxwvckn cpw hvwckfww, ci cp ehpackw ex wffbw pe ehpack ixem poewf awwfpw,`cxfgpls ex ck`cxfgpls, zxeicp ex nack ~ofpofx xfalcwf` ck Kfycw ex kep+

90+ Vzek xfncwpxapcek, pof f pfxkal gemzaks mvwp iclf a wpapfmfkp wfppcknevp zaxpcgvlaxw /f+n+ivll kamfw, a``xfwwfw ak` eggvzapcekw# ei cpw `cxfgpexw/w+ 700/1#/m#, Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf ak` iexm 81#+ A goaknf amekn cpw `cxfg-pexw mvwp hf xfzexpf` pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ~cpock 7: àsw aipfx pofgoaknf oaw hffk ma`f /w+ 766/1#/ # ak` iexm 3#+ ^cpo xfnax` pe pof woaxfoel`-fxw, pof f pfxkal gemzaks cw xfqvcxf` pe iclf akkval xfpvxkw wpapckn poff pfkp, ci aks, pe ~ocgo pof lcahclcps ei pof woaxfoel`fxw ex mfmhfxw ei pofgemzaks cw lcmcpf` /w+ 700/1#/n#, w+ 769 ak` iexm 80#+

96+ Cp cw vkglfax, oe~fyfx, ci pof gcxgvmwpakgfw `fwgxchf` vk`fx wfg-pcek 70: ei pof Gemzakcfw Agp ak` wfgpcek 77? ei pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf~evl` gazpvxf all pof gawfw ~ofxf a iexfcnk gemzaks oaw wviicgcfkp pa kf vw~cpo Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw hs ycxpvf ei cpw gfkpxal makanfmfkp ak` gekpxelpofxfixem, ~cpoevp gaxxsckn ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek+ Pocw cw a lcm-cpf` wfp ei gcxgvmwpakgfw ak` fyfk ~ofk pof gemzaks cw kep xfqvcxf` pe hfxfncwpfxf` vk`fx pof gemzakcfw la~w, pocw e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek ~evl` hfayaclahlf ~ofxf a iexfcnk gemzaks oaw a hakb aggevkp ck pof If`fxapcek ex fknanfw a lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fx, ~oe cw wvhdfgp pe pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fx-ckn la~w /wff hfle~, wfgpcek ek Akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn la~w ak` wfgpcek ek

Hakbckn ckiexmapcek#+ A zxagpcgal awwfwwmfkp ei pof mappfx ~cll pabf zlagf ckpof Zoawf 8 xfycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw+

99+ A iexfcnk gemzaks mas hf xf-èmcgclf` pe Wp+ Bcppw hs zxeyc`ckn gfxpc-icf` gezcfw ei all ckgexzexapcek ègvmfkpw pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ak`,aipfx pof gemzaks oaw hffk xf-èmcgclf`, cp mvwp wvhmcp akkval xfpvxkw ~cpovzàpf` e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek ck aggexàkgf ~cpo wfgpcek >8 ei pof GemzaksAgp+ Pocw zxegfww mvwp hf èkf yca a xfncwpfxf` anfkp ck pof If`fxapcek+ Aiexfcnk gexzexapcek /w+ 1:6, Kfycw Hvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf# ex a iex-fcnk LLG /w+ 99, Kfycw Lcmcpf` Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf# mas pxakwifx cpw èmcgclf pe Kfycw hs iclckn ~cpo pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ak azzlcgapcekpe pxakwifx èmcgclf gekpackckn, amekn epofx pocknw, pof kamf ak` a``xfww ei

pof iexfcnk gemzaksw xfncwpfxf` anfkp ck Kfycw+ Aw ivxpofx `fwgxchf` hfle~,


26/98



xfncwpfxf` anfkpw /ak` epofx lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw# axf xfqvcxf` pe mackpackc`fkpcps ckiexmapcek gekgfxkckn hfkficgcal ak` lfnal e~kfxw ei wvgo iexfcnkgemzakcfw, zvxwvakp pe pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn wpapvpfw+

9>+ Vk`fx pof Pa A`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfw Agp, a zfxwek ~oe cwkep xfwc`fkp ck pof If`fxapcek, hvp cw lcahlf pe zas pa pofxfck, mvwp kemckapfak anfkp ~oe xfwc`fw ck pof If`fxapcek iex pof zvxzewf ei gemzlsckn ~cpo pocwagp /w+ 3/7##+ Lcbf~cwf, vk`fx pof Kfycw Pa A`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfwEx`ckakgf ei 8::>, a zfxwek ~oe cw kep xfwc`fkp ck pof Cwlak` ei Kfycw, hvp cwlcahlf pe zas pa pofxfck, mvwp kemckapf ak anfkp ~oe xfwc`fw ck Kfycw iex pof

zvxzewf ei gemzlsckn ~cpo pocw ex`ckakgf /w+ 3/7##+

Kemckffw

9?+ Ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw, aks zfxwek ~oe zxeyc`fw pof wfxycgf ei agpcknaw kemckff woaxfoel`fxw ak`%ex `cxfgpexw mvwp hf avpoexcwf` aw a lcgfkwf`wfxycgf zxeyc`fx vk`fx pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapcekw Ex`fx Ke+ 6 ei 133> /Xfycwf` Wfyfkpo Wgof`vlf pe pof Gemzakcfw Agp# /w+ 0#+ Vk`fx pofakpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn wpapvpfw `fwgxchf` hfle~, wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw agpckn awkemckffw axf wvhdfgp pe f pfkwcyf xfqvcxfmfkpw aw pe pof zxegf`vxfw ~ocgomvwp hf azzlcf` pe c`fkpcis gvwpemfxw, woaxfoel`fxw, `cxfgpexw ak` hfkficgcale~kfxw ak` epofx xflfyakp zfxwekw wvgo aw anfkpw+

Akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn la~w93+ Vk`fx pof Zxegff`w ei Gxcmf Agp ei 8::: /GAZ 0+8?# /wgof`vlf ei xfnvlapf` hvwckfww, wff lcwp vk`fx Akkf 6 hfle~#, all zfxwekw we avpoexcwf`pe gek`vgp ickakgf hvwckfww /ckglv`ckn gexzexapf hvwckfww# mvwp aòfxf pepof zxeycwcekw ei pof Akpc-Mekfs Lavk`fxckn Xfnvlapcekw Ke+ 86 ei 8::?/AML Xfnvlapcekw# ak` pof azzfk`f` Nvcàkgf Kepfw ek pof Zxfyfkpcek ei Mekfs Lavk`fxckn ak` Pfxxexcwp Ickakgckn /Nvcàkgf Kepfw#, ~ocgo oayf pofiexgf ei la~+ Pof zxeycwcekw ei pof AML Xfnvlapcekw ak` Nvcàkgf Kepfw axffqvalls azzlcgahlf pe Kfycw+

>:+ Pof avpoexcpcfw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oayf ck`cgapf` poap pof Ickak-gcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek, ~ocgo cw xfwzekwchlf iex wvzfxycwcknwfxycgf zxeyc`fxw lcgfkwf` ck pof If`fxapcek, gek`vgpw zfxce`cg `vf `clcnfkgfav`cpw pe fkwvxf poap pofs axf ehpackckn ak` mackpackckn zxezfx c`fkpcicgapcekègvmfkpw+ Cp ~aw ivxpofx wpapf` poap ckiexmapcek ofl` hs pof wfxycgf zxeyc`-fxw gak hf fawcls xfpxcfyf` hs pof gemzfpfkp avpoexcps+ Wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw axfavpoexcwf` pe gek`vgp ickakgf hvwckfww vk`fx pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvla-pcekw Ex`fx Ke+ 6 ei 133> /Xfycwf` Wfyfkpo Wgof`vlf pe pof Gemzakcfw Agp#+

>1+ Ck pocw ex`fx, ickakgf hvwckfww cw `fickf` aw aks /c# `fzewcp-pabckn hvwckfww2 /cc# ckyfwpmfkp hvwckfww2 /ccc# ckwvxakgf hvwckfww2 /cy# awwvxakgf


27/98



hvwckfww2 /y# pxvwp hvwckfww2 ex /yc# gexzexapf hvwckfww, gaxxcf` ek iex zxeicpex xf~ax` ck ex ixem ~cpock pof If`fxapcek+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf18 lcgfkwf` ickakgcal ckwpcpvpcekw ezfxapckn ck Wp+ Bcppw /6 èmfwpcg hakbw, 6mekfs wfxycgfw hvwckfww, ak` 8 gxf`cp vkcekw# ak` > lcgfkwf` ickakgcal ckwpcpv-pcekw ezfxapckn ck Kfycw /1 eiiwoexf hakb, 0 mekfs wfxycgfw hvwckfww, 1 gxf`cpvkcek, 1 mvpval ivk` a`mckcwpxapex%makanfx#+

>8+ Ck pvxk, gexzexapf hvwckfww cw `fickf` aw pof gaxxsckn ek ei, ak`pof zxeycwcek ei wfxycgfw ck xflapcek pe, pof hvwckfww ei /a# ckgexzexapckn ex fwpahlcwockn, aw mas hf azzxezxcapf, gemzakcfw ex zaxpkfxwoczw2 /h# zxeyc`-ckn kemckff woaxfoel`fxw, `cxfgpexw, gocfi f fgvpcyfw ex makanfxw, aw mas

hf azzxezxcapf, iex gemzakcfw ex zaxpkfxwoczw2 /g# mackpackckn pof xfncwpfxfèiicgf ex pof eiicgf iex wfxycgf, aw mas hf azzxezxcapf, iex gemzakcfw ex zaxp-kfxwoczw2 /`# makanckn ex a`mckcwpfxckn, aw mas hf azzxezxcapf, gemzakcfw

ex zaxpkfxwoczw+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 36 lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxwck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw, ei ~ocgo 10 gemzakcfw ak` 86 appexkfsw-ap-la~ ~fxfck Wp+ Bcppw ak` 7> gemzakcfw ak` 13 appexkfsw-ap-la~ ~fxf ck Kfycw+

>7+ AML Xfnvlapcek 0 wzfgcicgalls xfqvcxfw wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw pe azzlsc`fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw hfiexf pof fwpahlcwomfkp ei a hvwckfww xflapcekwoczex hfiexf gaxxsckn evp a ekf-eii pxakwagpcek, aw ~fll aw ek-neckn c`fkpcicgapcek

zxegf`vxfw `vxckn a hvwckfww xflapcekwocz+ Pofwf c`fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfwckglv`f zxegf`vxfw iex c`fkpcisckn pof gvwpemfx ak` pocx` zaxpcfw ek hfoali ei ~oem pof gvwpemfx cw agpckn ak` fwpahlcwockn pof pxvf c`fkpcps ei poap zfxwek,

ckglv`ckn poap zfxwekw kamf ak` lfnal wpapvw, hawf` ek xflcahlf fyc`fkgf+>0+ ôfxf pof gvwpemfx ak`%ex pof pocx` zaxps cw kep ak ck`cyc`val, pof

zxegf`vxfw ckglv`f vk`fxwpak`ckn pof e~kfxwocz ak` gekpxel ei poap pocx` zaxps, c+f+c`fkpcisckn fago ck`cyc`val ~oe cw poap pocx` zaxpsw hfkficgcale~kfx ex gekpxellfx /AML Xfnvlapcek 0/8#/ccc##+ Ek-neckn c`fkpcicgapcek zxe-gf`vxfw ckglv`f fkwvxckn poap ègvmfkpw, àpa ex ckiexmapcek ehpackf` vk`fx c`fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw axf bfzp vz pe àpf ak` xflfyakp hs vk`fxpabcknxfycf~w ei f cwpckn xfgex`w+

>6+ Ck a``cpcek, pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw azzfk`f` pe pof AML Xfnvlapcekw,

~ocgo alwe oayf pof iexgf ei la~, zxeyc`f a``cpcekal mfawvxfw ~ocgo mvwp hf fmzlesf` hs xfnvlapf` fkpcpcfw ~cpo xfwzfgp pe c`fkpcicgapcek ak` xfgex`-bffzckn zxegf`vxfw+ Wfgpcekw ?:, ?6 ak` ?9 ei pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw, azzfk`f`pe pof AML Xfnvlapcekw, ck`cgapf pof ègvmfkpw ~ocgo mas hf xfqvcxf` ckex`fx pe fwpahlcwo pof c`fkpcps ei ck`cyc`valw ak` gemzakcfw+

>9+ Zvxwvakp pe AML Xfnvlapcek ?, pof c fkpcicgapcek xfgex`w xflapckn pefago pxakwagpcek gaxxcf` evp ck pof gevxwf ei aks hvwckfww xflapcekwocz ex ekf-eii pxakwagpcek mvwp hf bfzp iex ap lfawp icyf sfaxw+ Pof Ickakgcal WfxycgfwXfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek mas kepcis a xflfyakp zfxwek pe bffz e~kfxwoczckiexmapcek iex a leknfx zfxce` ei pcmf+


28/98



Gekglvwcek

>>+ Gemzakcfw ckgexzexapf` ck Wp+ Bcppw vk fx pof Gemzakcfw Agp, aw~fll aw èmfwpcg gemzakcfw ckgexzexapf` ck Kfycw vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw

Ex`ckakgf, mvwp al~asw bffz a xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw%woaxfoel`fxw ak` axfivxpofx xfqvcxf` pe `cwglewf gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek mfmhfxw%woaxf-oel`fxw ak` `cxfgpexw aw zaxp ei pof zxegfww ei xfncwpxapcek ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw+ F pfxkal gemzakcfw axf wvhdfgp pe wcmclax `cwglewvxf xfqvcxf-mfkpw aw zaxp ei a makàpexs xfncwpxapcek zxegf`vxf ~ofk gaxxsckn ek hvwc-kfww ck pof If`fxapcek ex oayckn ak a``xfww ck pof If`fxapcek ~ocgo cp vwfwxfnvlaxls iex pof zvxzewf ei cpw hvwckfww+

>?+ KHGw ak` LLGw fwpahlcwof` ck Kfycw, ex ahxea` ~ocgo pxakwifx èmc-gclf pe Kfycw, mvwp hf xfncwpfxf` ap pof Kfycw Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfncwpxs

ak` axf xfqvcxf` pe zxeyc`f vzàpf` ckiexmapcek gekgfxkckn pofcx xfncwpfxfànfkpw+ Ck pvxk, wvgo xfncwpfxf` anfkpw ak` epofx lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw/ckglv`ckn kemckffw# axf xfqvcxf` pe fmzles f pfkwcyf c`fkpcicgapcek zxegf-`vxfw pe fwpahlcwo pof c`fkpcps ei woaxfoel`fxw /lfnal ak` hfkficgcal e~kfxw#ak` `cxfgpexw ak` pe mackpack pocw c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek iex ap lfawp icyf sfaxw,vk`fx pof AML Xfnvlapcekw+ A``cpcekal `cwglewvxf ehlcnapcekw axf cmzewfèk KHGw ~ocgo azzls pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Ckwvxakgf iex a lcgfkwf pe gek`vgpckpfxkapcekal ckwvxakgf hvwckfww+

Hfaxfx woaxfw /PeX A+1+8#

>3+ Vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Agp, f fmzp gemzakcfw axf alle~f` pe cwwvf hfaxfx woaxfw /w+ 61#+ Hfaxfx gfxpcicgapfw cwwvf` hs a gemzaks vk`fx pofGemzakcfw Agp mvwp hf bfzp ck Wp+ Bcppw ap pof eiicgfw ei a zfxwek avpoexcwf`pe gaxxs ek ickakgf hvwckfww /w+ 68/1##+ Pocw avpoexcwf` zfxwek cw xfqvcxf` pemackpack a xfgex` ei fago hfaxfx gfxpcicgapf `fzewcpf` ck cpw gvwpe`s ~ocgomvwp gekpack pof ielle~ckn ckiexmapcek4 /c# pof kamf ei pof gemzaks cwwvcknpof hfaxfx gfxpcicgapf2 /cc# pof c`fkpcicgapcek kvmhfx ei pof gfxpcicgapf, kvmhfx ei woaxfw ak` pof glaww ei woaxfw ck pof gemzaks gekpackf` ck pof hfaxfx gfxpcicgapf2 /ccc# pof c`fkpcps ei pof hfaxfx ei pof gfxpcicgapf, poap cw pe was,

pof kamf, a``xfww, àpf ei hcxpo ak` `fpaclw ei c`fkpcicgapcek2 ak` /cy# ~ofxfazzlcgahlf, cpw hfkficgcal e~kfx 6 /w+ 68/8##+ Ci pof gvwpe`s ei pof hfaxfx gfxpcic-gapf cw pxakwifxxf` pe akepofx gvwpe`cak, pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw mvwp hfckiexmf` ~cpock wfyfk àsw ei pof pxakwifx ak` pof kepcgf woall ckglv`f pof

zaxpcgvlaxw ei pof kf~ gvwpe`cak /w+ 68/7##+

6+ ôfxf pof zfxwekw ek ~oewf hfoali pof avpoexcwf` zfxwek oel`w pof gfxpcicgapfwaxf pofmwflyfw agpckn ek hfoali ei epofx zfxwekw / c+f+pof hfkficgcal e~kfxw#, pofwf

zfxwekw c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek mvwp alwe hf xfgex`f` hs pof avpoexcwf` zfxwek+


29/98


GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK 8>

?:+ Ck Kfycw, pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf wzfgcicgalls wpczvlapfw poap keèmfwpcg gemzaks ckgexzexapf` ck Kfycw mas cwwvf hfaxfx woaxfw ex hfaxfx woaxf gfxpcicgapfw /w+ 83/8##+ LLGw axf kep avpoexcwf` pe cwwvf hfaxfx woaxfw+Pof Kfycw Hvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf, aw amfk`f` ck 8::1, èfw alle~pof cwwvakgf ei hfaxfx woaxfw+ All wvgo woaxfw mvwp hf ofl` hs a xfncwpfxfànfkp /w+ 71/1##+ Pof xfncwpfxf` anfkp cw xfqvcxf` pe bffz ak` mackpack a xfgexèi fago hfaxfx woaxf gfxpcicgapf cwwvf` hs aks gexzexapcek iex ~ocgo cp agpw awanfkp gekpackckn ckiexmapcek ckglv`ckn pof c`fkpcps ei pof hfkficgcal e~kfx ei pof woaxfw /ww+ 71/1# ak` 183#+ ôfxf pof gvwpe`s ei pof hfaxfx woaxf gfx-pcicgapf cw pxakwifxxf` pe akepofx gvwpe`cak ex anfkp, pof xfncwpfxf` anfkp mvwpkepcis pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ~cpock wfyfk àsw ei wvgo pxakwifx ak`ckiexm pof zaxpcgvlaxw ei pof kf~ gvwpe`cak ex anfkp+ Ivxpofxmexf, KHGwmvwp mackpack a xfgex` ei all gfxpcicgapfw cwwvf` ck hfaxfx iexm ckglv`ckn pofkvmhfx, glaww ak` àpfw ei cwwvakgf ei wvgo gfxpcicgapfw /w+ >9#+ Pof ckiexma-pcek pe hf xfgex`f` ~cpo xfwzfgp pe hfaxfx woaxfw mvwp ckglv`f4 /c# pof kamf ei pof gemzaks cwwvckn pof woaxfw2 /cc# pof glaww ak` kvmhfx ei woaxfw gekpackf`ck pof gfxpcicgapf2 ak` /ccc# pof c`fkpcicgapcek ei pof hfkficgcal e~kfx ei pofwoaxfw gekpackf` ck pof hfaxfx woaxf gfxpcicgapf /f+n+kamf, a``xfww, àpf ei

hcxpo, kapcekalcps#+

?1+ Cp woevl` alwe hf kepf` poap ck hepo Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw pof gvwpe-`cak ~evl`, ck all gawfw, hf wvhdfgp pe akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn xvlfw ak` we

hf wvhdfgp pe gvwpemfx `vf `clcnfkgf xfqvcxfmfkpw `fwgxchf` aheyf+ Vk`fx pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw azzfk f` pe pof AML Xfnvlapcekw, hfaxfx woaxfw axf`cwgevxanf` ak` a xfnvlapf` hvwckfww woevl` fkwvxf poap hfaxfx woaxfw axfxfpackf` zfxmakfkpls hs wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw ak` bfzp ek iclf iex pof gemzaks~ocgo cwwvf` wvgo woaxfw /w+ ?9#+

Gekglvwcek

?8+ Pof ehlcnapcekw cmzewf` ek xfncwpfxf` anfkpw ei f fmzp gemzakcfwck Wp+ Bcppw ak` KHGw ck Kfycw oayf pof fiifgp ei cmmehclctckn hfaxfx woaxfw,aw ~fll aw zxeyc`ckn iex a`fqvapf mfgoakcwmw pe c`fkpcis e~kfxw ei hfaxfx woaxfw+

Zaxpkfxwoczw/PeX A+1+7#

Pszfw ei zaxpkfxwoczw

?7+ Pof ielle~ckn pszfw ei zaxpkfxwoczw mas hf iexmf` ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw4 /c# nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw2 ak` /cc# lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw /LZw#, ~ocgomas hf f fmzp ex ex`ckaxs /èmfwpcg# LZw+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 71?nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw, kckf f fmzp LZw ak` icyf ex`ckaxs LZw fwpahlcwof` ckWp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw+


30/98


8? GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK

Nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw

?0+ Nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw gaxxsckn ek a hvwckfww ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw mvwpehpack a hvwckfww lcgfkgf vk`fx pof Lcgfkgfw ek Hvwckfww ak` Eggvzapcekw Agp

ei 13>8 /GAZ 1?+8:# /w+ 8#+ Vzek azzlcgapcek iex pof lcgfkgf, nfkfxal zaxpkfx-woczw axf xfqvcxf` pe zxeyc`f ckiexmapcek ek pof kamfw ak` a``xfwwfw ei all zaxpkfxw /w+ 0#+ Pof hvwckfww lcgfkgf cw yalc` vkpcl 71 @fgfmhfx ielle~ckn pofàpf ei cwwvakgf /w+ 6#+ Pof xfkf~al azzlcgapcek iexm xfqvcxfw pof zaxpcgvlaxwei all zaxpkfxw pe hf `cwglewf`+ Pofxfiexf, vzàpf` e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcekaw xfnax`w pof zaxpkfxw ei nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw gaxxsckn ek a hvwckfww ckpof If`fxapcek ~cll hf mackpackf` ak` `cwglewf` pe pof Gemzpxellfx, Cklak`Xfyfkvf, ek ak akkval hawcw+

?6+ Ck a``cpcek, nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw axf xfqvcxf` pe zas pa fw ak` pe iclf

akkval xfpvxkw vk`fx pof Vkckgexzexapf` Hvwckfww Pa Agp Ke+ 6 ei 8:1:/w+ ?#, pof Pa A`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfw Agp /w+ 9/1##, pof Kfycw PaA`mckcwpxapcek ak` Zxegf`vxfw Ex`ckakgf /w+ 9/1## ak` pof Yalvf A``f` PaAgp Ke+ 7 ei 8:1:+ Vk fx pof Vkckgexzexapf` Hvwckfww Pa Agp, pof zaxpkfxwmas `fwcnkapf ekf zaxpkfx pe iclf pof xfpvxkw ak` zas pof pa ek pofcx hfoali /w+ 9/1##+ Ck wvgo a gawf, pof nfkfxal zaxpkfx xfwzekwchlf iex gemzlsckn ~cpopofwf pa ehlcnapcekw ~evl` oayf pe bke~ pof c`fkpcps ei pof epofx zaxpkfxw+Gekyfxwfls, ~ofxf fago zaxpkfx cw xfwzekwchlf iex gemzlsckn ~cpo ocw%ofx e~kpa ehlcnapcekw, pof Gemzpxellfx ~cll oayf `cxfgp aggfww pe pof c`fkpcps ckiexma-pcek ek fago ei pof zaxpkfxw+ Vk`fx pof Yalvf A``f` Pa Agp, pa ahlf zfxwekw

/f+n+nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw# ~ocgo mabf pa ahlf wvzzlcfw ei nee`w ex wfxycgfwf gff`ckn _G@ 16: ::: /VW@ 66 666# zfx sfax /ex _G@ 39 ::: /VW@ 76 666#ck pof gawf ei zxeifwwcekal wfxycgfw# axf xfqvcxf` pe hf xfncwpfxf` ak` pe zxeyc`fvzàpf` ckiexmapcek ek zaxpkfxw pe pof Gemzpxellfx+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf~fxf 6? nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw xfncwpfxf` ~cpo pof Gemzpxellfx+

?9+ Ickalls, akpc-mekfs lavk fxckn lfncwlapcek mas cmzewf a``cpcekalehlcnapcekw gekgfxkckn e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek ei nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw ck akvmhfx ei gawfw+ Ck aggexàkgf ~cpo wfgpcek 09 ei pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw, aksxfnvlapf` hvwckfww ~ocgo gek`vgpw hvwckfww ~cpo a zaxpkfxwocz cw xfqvcxf` pepxfap pof nfkfxal zaxpkfx aw a yfxcicgapcek wvhdfgp ak` azzls pof xfqvcxfmfkpw ei AML Xfnvlapcek 0 ~ofxf c fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw axf gekgfxkf`, aw ~fll awAML Xfnvlapcek ? ~ofxf xfgex` xfpfkpcek /iex ap lfawp icyf sfaxw# cw gekgfxkf`+Ck a``cpcek, pof avpoexcpcfw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw oayf ck`cgapf` poap nfkfxal

zaxpkfxwoczw axf xfqvcxf` pe mackpack ex `cwglewf vzàpf` e~kfxwocz ckiexma-pcek ck a kvmhfx ei wcpvapcekw,c+f+~ofxf pofs gek`vgp ickakgf hvwckfww ak` axfwe avpoexctf` vk`fx pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapcekw Ex`fx2 ~ofxf pofs axfxfnvlapf` hvwckfwwfw, avpoexctf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw ex fwcnkapf` kek-ickakgcal

hvwckfww ex zxeifwwcek, zvxwvakp pe pof zxeycwcekw ei pof AML Xfnvlapcekw+


31/98



Lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwoczw

?>+ Vk`fx pof Lcmcpf` Zaxpkfxwoczw Agp /GAZ 81+18#, all LZw axf xfqvcxf`pe mackpack a xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck pof If`fxapcek /w+ 81/1# ak` /0## ak` pe iclf

akkval wpapfmfkpw ~cpo pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw /w+ 88#, gekpackckn gvxxfkpc`fkpcps ckiexmapcek /ckglv`ckn kamf ak` a``xfww# ei fago nfkfxal zaxpkfx /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwekw# /w+ 88/8#/ ##+ Ck pvxk, pof nfkfxal zaxpkfxw ei a LZ axfxfqvcxf` pe bffz, ap cpw eiicgf iex wfxycgf, a xfncwpfx woe~ckn pof zaxpcgvlaxw/ckglv`ckn kamf ak` a``xfww# ei fago lcmcpf` zaxpkfx /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwek#,ck alzoahfpcgal ex`fx+

??+ Pof ckiexmapcek ek pof xfncwpfx ei zaxpkfxw mvwp hf gvxxfkp akàmfk`f` ~cpock 81 àsw ei a goaknf /w+ 81/6#/h##+ Pocw ckiexmapcek mvwp hfmackpackf` ak` bfzp ayaclahlf iex epofx zaxpkfxw pe ckwzfgp, wvhdfgp pe a ickf

iex kek-gemzlcakgf /w+ 81/9##+ Lcbf~cwf, aw goaknfw ck nfkfxal zaxpkfxw ex aksepofx goaknfw pabf zlagf, LZw axf xfqvcxf` pe iclf ak amfk`mfkp ei pof `fglaxa-pcek ~cpo pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ap lfawp 81 àsw aipfx cp cw zawwf` ex ma`f/w+ ?/1##+ Pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw mas `fwpxes aks xfgex`w gemzxcwf` ck, ex akkf f` pe, pof aggevkpw ex akkval wpapfmfkpw ei a LZ aipfx 7: sfaxw /w+ 9:#+

Gekglvwcekw

?3+ Nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw poap gaxxs ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek mvwp zxeyc`f ckiexmapcek ek pof kamfw ak` a``xfwwfw ei all zaxpkfxw ap pof pcmf

ei pof azzlcgapcek iex a hvwckfww lcgfkwf vk`fx pof Lcgfkwckn ei Hvwckfwwak` Eggvzapcekw Agp+ A``cpcekal ehlcnapcekw pe mackpack ex `cwglewf e~kfx-wocz ckiexmapcek ek nfkfxal zaxpkfxwoczw axcwf ixem pof pa ak` akpc-mekfslavk`fxckn ixamf~exbw+ All ex`ckaxs ak` f fmzp LZw axf xfqvcxf` pe iclfakkval wpapfmfkpw pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw, gekpackckn gvxxfkp c`fkpcpsckiexmapcek ek pof nfkfxal zaxpkfxw ~oe, ck pvxk, axf xfqvcxf` pe bffz, ap pofcx eiicgf iex wfxycgf, ak vzàpf` xfncwpfx ~cpo c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof lcmcpf`

zaxpkfxw+

Pxvwpw/PeX A+1+0#

Pszfw ei pxvwpw

3:+ Ck Wp+ Bcppw, ex`ckaxs / emfwpcg# ex f fmzp9 /ckpfxkapcekal# pxvwpw mas hf xfncwpfxf` vk`fx pof Pxvwpw Agp /GAZ 6+13#+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf8> f fmzp pxvwpw ak` 81 ex`ckaxs pxvwpw fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw, ~ocgo ~fxfxfncwpfxf` ap pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek+

9+ A pxvwp pof hfkficgcaxcfw ei ~ocgo axf f fmzp ixem pa fw+


32/98


7: GEMZLCAKGF ^CPO POF WPAK@AX@W4 AYACLAHCLCPS EI CKIEXMAPCEK

31+ Pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 1 ei 1330 zxe-yc`fw iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei ak ckpfxkapcekal pxvwp, ~ocgo cw `fickf` aw /w+ 8#4

a pxvwp xfncwpfxf` vk`fx pocw Ex`ckakgf ak` ck xfwzfgp ei ~ocgo4

a+ ap lfawp ekf ei pof pxvwpffw cw fcpofx4c+ a gexzexapcek ckgexzexapf` vk`fx pof Kfycw Hvwckfww Gexzexapcek

Ex`ckakgf2 ex

cc+ a pxvwp gemzaks èckn hvwckfww ck Kfycw2

h+ pof wfpplex ak` hfkficgcaxcfw axf ap all pcmfw kek-xfwc`fkp2 ak`

g+ pof pxvwp zxezfxps èfw kep ckglv`f aks lak` wcpvapf` ck Wp+ Goxcwpezofx ak` Kfycw+

38+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 1 :97 ckpfxkapcekal pxvwpw xfncwpfxf` ck Kfycw+

Wp+ Bcppw

37+ All ei pof zxeycwcekw ck pof Pxvwpw Agp axf azzlcgahlf iex hepo ex`c-kaxs ak` f fmzp pxvwpw fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw, xfnax`lfww aw pe ~ofpofx pofwfpplexw ex hfkficgcaxcfw xfwc`f evpwc`f pof If`fxapcek, ex ~ofpofx pof awwfpwaxf legapf` evpwc`f pof If`fxapcek+ A pxvwp ~cll kep hf xfgenkctf` hs la~vklfww cp cw zxeyc`f` ~cpo a gfxpcicgapf ei xfncwpxapcek hs pof Xfncwpxax /w+ 0/0##+

Ck a``cpcek, fyfxs pxvwp mvwp oayf ak eiicgf iex wfxycgf ck pof If`fxapcek/w+ 63# ak` ap lfawp ekf xfwc fkp pxvwpff /w+ 0/8##+ Aw ivxpofx `fwgxchf` hfle~,xfwc`fkp pxvwpffw axf wvhdfgp pe pof akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn wpapvpfw+

30+ Aks ei pof pxvwpffw ei a pxvwp /ex a zfxwek agpckn ek pofcx hfoali# masazzls iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei pof appfwpapcek ei f cwpfkgf ei pof pxvwp gekpack-ckn, amekn epofx pocknw, pof zaxpcgvlaxw /ckglv`ckn kamf ak` a``xfww# ei fagopxvwpff /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwek# /w+ 6/1# ak`/8##+ All amfk`mfkpw pe pof appfw-papcek mvwp hf wvhmcppf` pe pof Xfncwpxax ~cpock 81 àsw ei pof goaknf /w+ ?#+

36+ A``cpcekal `cwglewvxf xfqvcxfmfkpw azzls pe vkcp pxvwpw+ Pof pxvw-

pffw mvwp bffz, ap pof eiicgf ei wfxycgf, pof zaxpcgvlaxw /ckglv`ckn kamf akà``xfww# ei fago hfkficgcaxs /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwek# ak` a gezs ei pof ~xcp-pfk pfxmw ei pof pxvwp /ci aks# ak` amfk`mfkpw pofxfpe, ~ocgo mas c`fkpcispof wfpplexw, zxepfgpex /ci aks# ak` epofx pxvwpffw /w+ 63/0#/g##+ Pocw ckiexmapcekmvwp hf ayaclahlf iex ckwzfgpcek hs a pxvwpff ex pof zxepfgpex /ci aks# /w+ 63/6##+Pofxf cw ke makàpexs xfqvcxfmfkp iex wvgo a ègvmfkp pe hf `fzewcpf` ~cpopof Xfncwpxax ak` ke wpczvlapf` pcmf cw ncyfk aw pe oe~ lekn pocw ckiexmapcekwoevl` hf mackpackf`+ Aggex`ckn pe pof avpoexcpcfw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw, pocwckiexmapcek woevl` hf mackpackf` ck`fickcpfls wckgf pof ckiexmapcek mvwp

hf alwe bfzp ek zawp hfkficgcaxcfw+ Ck a``cpcek, pof pxvwpffw mvwp iclf akkvalwpapfmfkpw ~cpo gvxxfkp ckiexmapcek ek pof pxvwp /w+ 9:#+


33/98



Kfycw

39+ Zvxwvakp pe pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf, ckpfx-kapcekal pxvwpw axf f fmzp ixem pa fw ak` `vpcfw ak` mvwp hf xfncwpfxf`

/w+ 7>/1##+ Pof azzlcgapcek mvwp gekpack, amekn epofx pocknw, kepcgf ei pofkamf ei pof pxvwpff ak` xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ei pof pxvwp, ~ocgo mvwp hf pof eiicgfei pof pxvwp gemzaks ex gexzexapcek ~ocgo cw a pxvwpff /ww+ 7>/9# ak` 08#+ Akakkval azzlcgapcek iex xfkf~al ei xfncwpxapcek mvwp hf ma`f ke lapfx poak 3:àsw aipfx pof f zcxs ei pof lawp gfxpcicgapf ei xfncwpxapcek /w+ 7?/8# ak` /7##+Pof zxeycwcekw ei pocw ex`ckakgf gfawf pe azzls pe aks pxvwp poap iaclw pe xfkf~cpw xfncwpxapcek /w+ 7?/9##+

Iexfcnk pxvwpw

3>+ Vk`fx pof Kfycw Ckpfxkapcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf, a pxvwp gemzaks ex a haxxcwpfx ex welcgcpex lcgfkwf` aw xfncwpfxf` anfkpw mas alwe xfncwpfx apxvwp neyfxkf` hs iexfcnk la~ aw a qvalcicf` iexfcnk pxvwp ck Kfycw /w+ 7>/1##+Aw ivxpofx `fwgxchf` hfle~, xfwc`fkp anfkpw axf wvhdfgp pe pof akpc-mekfslavk`fxckn wpapvpfw+ Ak akkval azzlcgapcek iex xfkf~al mvwp hf ma`f ke lapfx poak 3: àsw aipfx pof f zcxs ei pof lawp gfxpcicgapf ei xfncwpxapcek /w+ 7?/8# ak`/7##+ Pof azzlcgapcek mvwp gekpack kepcgf ei pof kamf ei pof pxvwpff, xfncwpfxfèiicgf ei pof qvalcicf` iexfcnk pxvwp, ak` pof la~ vk`fx ~ocgo pof pxvwp ~aw wfp-plf` /w+ 7>/9##+

Akpc-mekfs lavk`fxckn la~w

3?+ Vk`fx pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapcekw Ex`fx, gaxxsckn ek a pxvwp hvwckfww cw `fickf` aw /c# vk`fxpabckn ex f fgvpckn pxvwpw2 /cc# zxeyc`ckn pxvw-pffw ex zxepfgpexw iex pxvwpw2 /ccc# mackpackckn pof eiicgf iex wfxycgf ei pxvwpw2ex /cy# makanckn ex a`mckcwpfxckn pxvwpw+ Cp cw gekwc fxf` pe hf a ickakgf

hvwckfww, ~ocgo mas ekls hf gek`vgpf` hs lcgfkwf` /kapvxal ex lfnal# zfxwekw/w+ 0/1##+ Avpoexcwf` zfxwekw ~oe gek`vgp a pxvwp hvwckfww / emfwpcg ak`f fmzp# mvwp hf lcgfkwf` vk`fx pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapcekw Ex`fx akàxf xfnvlapf` hs pof Ickakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfnvlapexs Gemmcwwcek+ Pof zxeyc-wcekw iex pof AML Xfnvlapcekw ak` Nvcàkgf Kepfw alwe azzls pe pof cwlakèi Kfycw ak` pe pxvwpffw xfwc`fkp pofxfck+

33+ Xfwc`fkp pxvwpffw ck pof If`fxapcek axf pofxfiexf xfqvcxf` pe aòfxf pewvhwpakpcal c fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw wpapf` ck AML Xfnvlapcek 0 ak` pe pofmckcmvm icyf-sfax xfgex` xfpfkpcek zfxce` wpczvlapf` ck AML Xfnvlapcek ?+AML Xfnvlapcek 0 wzfgcicgalls xfqvcxfw wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw pe azzls zxflcmc-kaxs ak` ek-neckn zxegf`vxfw iex c`fkpcisckn pof gvwpemfx ak` pocx` zaxpcfwek hfoali ei ~oem pof gvwpemfx cw agpckn ak` fwpahlcwockn pof pxvf c`fkpcps ei poap zfxwek, ckglv`ckn poap zfxwekw kamf ak` lfnal wpapvw, hawf` ek xflcahlffyc`fkgf+


34/98



1::+ Ck a``cpcek, pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw azzfk`f` pe pof AML Xfnvlapcekw,~ocgo alwe oayf pof iexgf ei la~, zxeyc`f poap a ic`vgcaxs woevl` pxfap wfpplexwak` zxckgczal hfkficgcaxcfw aw yfxcicgapcek wvhdfgpw ~ofk mabckn a pxvwp wfp-plfmfkp, ~ofk aggfzpckn pxvwpffwocz ixem a zxfycevw pxvwpff ex ~ofk pofxfaxf goaknfw pe zxckgczal hfkficgcaxcfw /w+ 1>7#+ A ic`vgcaxs cw aks zfxwek`vls lcgfkwf`%avpoexctf` ak` gaxxsckn ek aks wvgo hvwckfww ck ex ixem ~cpockpof If`fxapcek+ Cp woevl` hf kepf` poap pof Nvcàkgf Kepfw axf azzfk`f` peAML Xfnvlapcekw ak` AML Xfnvlapcek 0 cw wviicgcfkpls hxea` pe gazpvxf all

hfkficgcaxcfw+ Pof avpoexcpcfw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw ~cll gekwc`fx xfycwckn pofNvcàkgf Kepfw pe glaxcis poap cp cw gekwcwpfkp ~cpo AML Xfnvlapcek 0+

1:1+ Ivxpofxmexf, all ic`vgcaxcfw axf xfqvcxf` pe mackpack ~xcppfk zxegf-`vxfw pe fkwvxf poap pof c`fkpcps ei fago glcfkp pe ~oem wfxycgfw axf zxeyc`f`cw bke~k /w+ 1>0#+ ôfxf pof glcfkp ak`%ex pof pocx` zaxps cw kep ak ck`cyc`val,

pof zxegf`vxfw ckglv`f vk`fxwpak`ckn pof e~kfxwocz ak` gekpxel ei poap pocx` zaxps ak` c`fkpcisckn fago ck`cyc`val ~oe cw poap pocx` zaxpsw hfkficgcale~kfx ex gekpxellfx+

Gekglvwcek

1:8+ Pxvwpw fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw ak` qvalcicf` iexfcnkpxvwpw mvwp `cwglewf gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek fago pxvwpff pe pofXfncwpxax, aw zaxp ei pof zxegfww ei xfncwpxapcek+ Ck a``cpcek, pofwf pxvwpw mvwpoayf ap lfawp ekf xfwc`fkp pxvwpff ei pof If`fxapcek, ~oe cw xfqvcxf` pe aòfxfpe c`fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw gekgfxkckn zxckgczal hfkficgcaxcfw ak` wfpplexw,aw ~fll aw xfgex`-bffzckn xfqvcxfmfkpw zxfwgxchf` hs pof AML Xfnvlapcekw+

Ievkàpcekw /PeX A+1+6#

Wp+ Bcppw

1:7+ Pof Ievkàpcekw Agp Ke+ ? ei 8::7 alle~w iex pof fwpahlcwomfkp ei ex`ckaxs > ak` f fmzp ? ievkàpcekw ck Wp+ Bcppw /w+ 8/1##+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11,pofxf ~fxf 078 f fmzp ievkàpcekw ak` 10 ex`ckaxs ievkàpcekw fwpahlcwof`ck Wp+ Bcppw+

>+ Ekls ex`ckaxs ievkàpcekw oayf `f`vgpcekw ex gxf`cp iex pa zvxzewfw ck Wp+ Bcppwak` mas gaxxs ek hvwckfww ck Wp+ Bcppw+ All ex`ckaxs ievkàpcekw axf xfqvcxf` pe iclfpa xfpvxkw ~cpo pof Cklak` Xfyfkvf @fzaxpmfkp+ Vk`fx pof Pa A`mckcwpxapcekak` Zxegf`vxfw Agp ei 8::7, ak ex`ckaxs ievkàpcek wvhdfgp pe aks pa pe ~ocgopocw agp azzlcfw mvwp kemckapf a mfmhfx ex eiicgfx ck pof zaxpkfxwocz /ex he`s# pegemzls ~cpo pof xfqvcxfmfkpw ei pocw agp /w+ 3/8##+

?+ A ievkàpcek ~ocgo cw f fmzp ixem pa fw+


35/98



1:0+ Ck aggexàkgf ~cpo pof Ievkàpcekw Agp, all ievkàpcekw axf xfqvcxf`pe mackpack a xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck pof If`fxapcek ak` mvwp iclf akkval xfpvxkw/ww+ 7 ak` 99#+ Pof ckiexmapcek pe hf zxeyc`f` pe pof Xfncwpxax ck pof axpcglfwei pof ievkàpcek ckglv`fw, amekn epofx pocknw pof zaxpcgvlaxw /ckglv`ckn kamfak` a``xfww# ei pof ievk`fx /kapvxal ex lfnal zfxwek# /w+ 91/1#/h##, pof xfncwpfxfà``xfww ei pof ievkàpcek /w+ 91/1#/n## ak` gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ei pofgevkgcllexw /w+ 99/8#/g##, hvp èfw kep ckglv`f hfkficgcaxcfw+ Aw goaknfw pabf

zlagf, pof ievkàpcekw axf xfqvcxf` pe iclf ak amfk`mfkp ei pof axpcglfw ~cpopof Xfncwpxax ~cpock 10 àsw ei pof amfk`mfkp gemckn ckpe fiifgp /w+ 98/0##+

1:6+ Ck a``cpcek, all ievkàpcekw mvwp hf iexmf` hs lcgfkwf` wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw /w+ 7/6## ak` pofs mvwp oayf a wfgxfpaxs poap cw a zfxwek avpoexctf`pe gek`vgp pxvwp ex gexzexapf hvwckfww vk`fx pof xflfyakp la~w ei Wp+ Bcppw/w+ 17/1##+ Aw mfkpcekf` aheyf, wvgo wfxycgf zxeyc`fxw axf xfqvcxf` pe aòfxf

pe c fkpcicgapcek zxegf`vxfw wpapf ck AML Xfnvlapcek 0 ak` pe pof xfgex`xfpfkpcek xfqvcxfmfkp /ap lfawp icyf sfaxw# wpczvlapf` ck AML Xfnvlapcek ?+Ievkàpcekw iexmf` vk`fx pof Ievkàpcekw Agp mas oayf hs-la~w ak` pof hs-la~w mas mexf wzfgcicgalls c`fkpcis aks hfkficgcaxs ex a``cpcekal hfkficgcaxcfwei pof ievkàpcek /w+ 97/1#/h##+ Ck a``cpcek, pof avpoexcpcfw ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycwoayf ck`cgapf` poap c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof hfkficgcaxcfw mvwp hf bfzp hspof wfgxfpaxs, zvxwvakp pe AML Xfnvlapcekw 0 ak` ?+ A zxagpcgal awwfwwmfkpei pof mappfx ~cll pabf zlagf ck pof Zoawf 8 xfycf~ ei Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw+

Kfycw1:9+ Ck Kfycw, pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Ex`ckakgf Ke+ 8 ei 8::0 zxe-yc`fw iex pof xfncwpxapcek ei mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw aw /w+ 1:#4

a gemzaks ievkàpcek, neyfxkf` hs pof zxeycwcekw ei pof KfycwHvwckfww Gexzexapcek Ex`ckakgf, vklfww epofx~cwf wzfgcicf` /w+ 1:/3#/h## /wff wfgpcek A+1+1 ek gemzakcfw aheyf#2

a zaxpkfxwocz ievkàpcek, neyfxkf` hs pof zxeycwcekw ei pof Kfycw Lcm-cpf` Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ex`ckakgf, vklfww epofx~cwf wzfgcicf` /w+ 1:/3#/g## /wff wfgpcek A+1+1 ek gemzakcfw aheyf#2 ex

a pxvwp ievkàpcek, neyfxkf` hs pof zxeycwcekw ei pof Kfycw Ckpfxka-pcekal F fmzp Pxvwp Ex`ckakgf, vklfww epofx~cwf wzfgcicf` /w+ 1:/3#/a##/wff wfgpcek A+1+0 ek pxvwpw aheyf#+

1:>+ Aw ei Maxgo 8:11, pofxf ~fxf 117 mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw /99 ex`ckaxsievkàpcekw, 19 lcmcpf` gemzaks ievkàpcekw, 8 LLG ievkàpcekw, 1 nfkfxal

zaxpkfxwocz ievkàpcek, 1 lcmcpf` zaxpkfxwocz ievkàpcek ak` 8> pxvwp ievkà-pcekw# fwpahlcwof` ck Kfycw+

1:?+ Ck a``cpcek pe pof xfqvcxfmfkpw pe mackpack e~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcpsckiexmapcek vk`fx pof xflfyakp neyfxkckn la~w, Kfycw ievkàpcekw axf wvhdfgp


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pe wzfgcicg ehlcnapcekw+ Vk`fx pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Ex`ckakgf, a mvl-pciexm ievkàpcek mvwp oayf ap all pcmfw a xfncwpfxf` anfkp ck Kfycw ak` axfncwpfxf` eiicgf pofxfck /ww+ 13/1# ak` 8:/1##+ Pof zxeycwcekw ei pof AMLXfnvlapcekw ak` Nvcàkgf Kepfw axf fqvalls azzlcgahlf iex pof cwlak` ei Kfycw+A wvhwgxchfx, zxemepfx ex xfncwpfxf` anfkp agpckn ek pofcx hfoali cw xfqvcxf`pe xfncwpfx a mvlpciexm ievkàpcek pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Ievkàpcekw /ap pofIckakgcal Wfxycgfw Xfncwpxs#, hs iclckn a mfmexak`vm ei fwpahlcwomfkp ak`

hs-la~w /ww+ 7, 0 ak` 9#+

1:3+ Pof mfmexak`vm ei fwpahlcwomfkp mvwp wpapf4 /c# pof zaxpcgvlaxw/ckglv`ckn kamf ak` a``xfww# ei pof wvhwgxchfx ex zxemepfx /kapvxal ex lfnal

zfxwek#2 /cc# pof wcpvapcek ei pof xfncwpfxf` eiicgf ck Kfycw2 ak` /ccc# ~ofpofx ex kep pof ievkàpcek cw xfyegahlf ex cxxfyegahlf ak`, ci xfyegahlf, pof c`fkpcps ei pof zfxwek ~oe oel`w pof ze~fx ei xfyegapcek /w+ >#+ ôfxf pofxf axf amfk`-

mfkpw pe pof ckcpcal mfmexak`vm ei fwpahlcwomfkp ex hs-la~w, a gezs ei pofamfk`f` ègvmfkp mvwp hf `flcyfxf` pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Ievkàpcekw ~cpock10 àsw ei pof amfk`mfkp gemckn ckpe fiifgp /w+ ?/0##+ Pofxf cw ke xfqvcxf-mfkp iex a mvlpciexm ievkàpcek pe oayf a hfkficgcaxs /w+ 11/7##+

11:+ Pof xfncwpxapcek mvwp alwe hf aggemzakcf` hs a wpapfmfkp wfppckn evp,amekn epofx pocknw4 /c# pof zaxpcgvlaxw ei pof xfncwpfxf` anfkp2 /cc# pof zaxpcgv-laxw ei aks zfxwek ck pof icxwp makanfmfkp heax`, icxwp wvzfxycwexs heax` akìcxwp wfgxfpaxs23 /ccc# ak vk`fxpabckn poap pof makanfmfkp heax` ~cll iexpo~cpokepcis pof Mckcwpfx ei Ickakgf ck pof Kfycw Cwlak` A`mckcwpxapcek ci pof

mvlpciexm ievkàpcek gfawfw pe hf a pa xfwc`fkp ievkàpcek /ww+ 7, 0 ak` 36#+111+ Fago mvlpciexm ievkàpcek mvwp bffz ap cpw xfncwpfxf` eiicgf a xfncw-pfx ezfk pe ckwzfgpcek ei zawp ak` zxfwfkp mfmhfxw ei cpw makanfmfkp heax`,wvzfxycwexs heax` /ci aks# ak` wfgxfpaxs, pofcx xfwzfgpcyf zaxpcgvlaxw /ckglv`cknkamf ak` a``xfww# ak` pofcx ckpfxfwpw ~cpo xfwzfgp pe pof mvlpciexm ievkàpcek,~ofpofx aw wvhwgxchfx ex hfkficgcaxs /w+ 7:#+ Xfnvlapcek 3 ei pof MvlpciexmIevkàpcekw Xfnvlapcekw ei 8::6 xfqvcxfw a xfgex` ei all wvhwgxchfxw ak`wvhwgxczpcekw pe hf ma`f ak` a xfncwpfx ei all hfkficgcaxcfw1: ak` pofcx xfwzfg-pcyf hfkficgcal fkpcplfmfkpw pe hf bfzp ak` mackpackf` ap cpw xfncwpfxf` eiicgf

3+ Wfgpcek 7:/7# ei pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Ex`ckakgf ei 8::0 ivxpofx wpapfwpoap pof xfncwpfx ei zawp ak` zxfwfkp mfmhfxw ei mvlpciexm ievkàpcekw mak-anfmfkp heax`, wvzfxycwexs heax` ak` wfgxfpaxs penfpofx ~cpo pofcx xfwzfgpcyf

zaxpcgvlaxw ak` pofcx ckpfxfwp ~cpo xfwzfgp pe pof mvlpciexm ievkàpcek, ~ofpofx aw wvhwgxchfx ex hfkficgcaxs woall, `vxckn hvwckfww oevxw, hf ezfk pe ckwzfgpcek

hs pof Xfncwpxax ap pof xfncwpfxf` eiicgf+1:+ Hfkficgcaxs mfakw4 /c# ~cpo xfwzfgp pe a mvlpciexm wpapf` aw a pxvwp ex ak ex`c-

kaxs ievkàpcek, a hfkficgcaxs ex zepfkpcal hfkficgcaxs, ex glaww ei hfkficgcaxcfw ex zepfkpcal hfkficgcaxcfw, ei poap pxvwp ex ex`ckaxs ievkàpcek, ak` /cc# ~cpo xfwzfgppe a mvlpciexm wpapf` aw a gemzaks, a woaxfoel`fx, nvaxakpex ex mfmhfx ei poap


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ck Kfycw+ Pof xfgex` ei wvhwgxchfxw ak` xfncwpfx ei hfkficgcaxcfw mvwp hf bfzpgekic`fkpcal ap all pcmfw11, oe~fyfx, pocw èfw kep cmzf`f fiifgpcyf f goaknfei ckiexmapcek aw wfgxfgs gekic`fkpcalcps zxeycwcekw ck Wp+ Bcppw ak` Kfycw axfeyfxxc``fk ck gekkfgpcek ~cpo a xfqvfwp iex ckiexmapcek ck pa mappfxw /wff wfg-pcek H+1, hfle~#+

Gekglvwcek

118+ A ievkàpcek fwpahlcwof` ck Wp+ Bcppw mvwp oayf, ap cpw xfncwpfxfèiicgf ~cpock pof If`fxapcek, a xfncwpfx gekpackckn c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ekfago gevkgcllex, nvax`cak ak` wfgxfpaxs ak` mvwp `cwglewf pe pof Xfncwpxax gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof ievk`fxw, wfgxfpaxs ak` gevkgcllexw+ PofAML Xfnvlapcekw cmzewf ak ehlcnapcek ek pof wfgxfpaxs pe mackpack pof c`fk-pcps ei pof hfkficgcaxcfw+

117+ Ck Kfycw, a mvlpciexm ievkàpcek mvwp alwe bffz ap cpw xfncwpfxfèiicgf a xfncwpfx ei zawp ak` zxfwfkp mfmhfxw ei cpw makanfmfkp heax`,wvzfxycwexs heax` /ci aks# ak` wfgxfpaxs, aw ~fll aw a xfncwpfx ei wvhwgxchfxwak` a xfncwpfx ei hfkficgcaxcfw+ Ivxpofxmexf, pofs axf xfqvcxf` pe `cwglewf pepof Xfncwpxax gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof wvhwgxchfxw, zxemepfxw ak`xfncwpfxf` anfkpw+

Fkiexgfmfkp zxeycwcekw pe fkwvxf ayaclahclcps ei ckiexmapcek

/PeX A+1+9#110+ Dvxcw`cgpcekw woevl` oayf ck zlagf fiifgpcyf fkiexgfmfkp zxeycwcekwpe fkwvxf pof ayaclahclcps ei e~kfxwocz ak` c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek, ckglv`-ckn wviicgcfkpls wpxekn gemzvlwexs ze~fxw pe aggfww pof ckiexmapcek+ Pocwwvhwfgpcek ei pof xfzexp awwfwwfw ~ofpofx pof zxeycwcekw xfqvcxckn pof ayacl-ahclcps ei ckiexmapcek ~cpo pof zvhlcg avpoexcpcfw ex ~cpock pof gexzexapffkpcpcfw xfycf~f` ck wfgpcek A+1 axf fkiexgfahlf ak` iaclvxfw axf zvkcwoahlf+Qvfwpcekw lckbf` pe aggfww axf `falp ~cpo ck Zaxp H ei pocw xfzexp+

gemzaks, ak` /ccc# ~cpo xfwzfgp pe a mvlpciexm wpapf` aw a zaxpkfxwocz, a zaxpkfx,~ofpofx lcmcpf` ex vklcmcpf` ck lcahclcps, ei pof zaxpkfxwocz /w+ 8/1##+

11+ Wff zaxanxazo 0 ei pof Hs-la~w ei ak Ex`ckaxs Ievkàpcek, a Lcmcpf` ex Vklcmcpf`Gemzaks Ievkàpcek ak` a Lcmcpf` Lcahclcps Gemzaks Ievkàpcek ak` zaxa-nxazo 6 ei pof Hs-la~w ei a Pxvwp Ievkàpcek ak` a Nfkfxal ex Lcmcpf` ZaxpkfxwoczIevkàpcek, all wgof`vlf` pe pof Mvlpciexm Ievkàpcekw Xfnvlapcekw ei 8::6+


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Gemzakcfw

116+ Vk`fx pof Gemzaks Agp, ci a gemzaks iaclw pe bffz e~kfxwocz ckiex-mapcek ck pof iexm ei a xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw, pof gemzaks ak` fyfxs eiicgfx

ei cp ~oe cw ck `fiavlp gemmcp ak eiifkgf ak` cw lcahlf pe a ickf kep f gff`ckn_G@ 8 6:: /VW@ 389# ak` a ivxpofx ickf kep f gff`ckn _G@ 86: /VW@ 37#iex fago às ek ~ocgo pof eiifkgf we gekpckvfw+ A gemzaks ~ocgo iaclw pe

zxeyc`f pof e~kfxwocz ckiexmapcek hs ~as ei wvhmcppckn ak akkval xfpvxkgemmcpw ak eiifkgf ak` mas hf wpxvgb eii pof xfncwpfx ei gemzakcfw /ww+ >8/6#ak` 8:9#+ Ci a gemzaks iaclw pe ncyf kepcgf pe pof Xfncwpxax ~cpock 10 àsw ei pof zlagf ~ofxf cpw xfncwpfx ei mfmhfxw cw bfzp, ex ei aks goaknf ei poap zlagf,cp cw nvclps ei ak eiifkgf ak` cw lcahlf pe a ickf kep f gff`ckn _G@ 8 6::/VW@ 389# ak` a ivxpofx ickf kep f gff`ckn _G@ 86: /VW@ 37# iex fago àsek ~ocgo pof eiifkgf we gekpckvfw /w+ 00/0##+

119+ Hs gaxxsckn ek hvwckfww ck pof If`fxapcek ex oayckn a hvwckfwwa``xfww ck pof If`fxapcek ~cpoevp xfncwpxapcek ap pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw,a iexfcnk gemzaks gemmcpw ak eiifkgf ak` cw lcahlf, ek gekycgpcek, pe a ickfkep f gff`ckn _G@ 8 >:: /VW@ 1 :::# ak` a ivxpofx àcls ickf kep f gff`-ckn _G@ 8:: /VW@ >0# iex aw lekn aw pof eiifkgf gekpckvfw /w+ 139/16##+ Ci pofckiexmapcek zxeyc`f` pe pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw cw ialwf, mcwlfa`ckn ex `fgfzpcyf, pof `cxfgpex gemmcpw ak eiifkgf ak` cw lcahlf, vzek gekycgpcek, pe aickf kep f gff`ckn _G@ 8 >:: /VW@ 1 :::# ak`, ci pof `cxfgpex cw ak ck`cyc`-val, pe cmzxcwekmfkp iex a pfxm kep f gff`ckn p~e sfaxw, ex hepo /w+ 139/19##+

11>+ A gvwpe`cak ex anfkp ~oe iaclw ex xfivwfw pe gemzls ~cpo pof ehlcna-pcek pe kepcis pof Xfncwpxax ei Gemzakcfw ~cpock wfyfk àsw ~ofxf pof gvw-pe`s ei a hfaxfx woaxf gfxpcicgapf cw pxakwifxxf` pe akepofx gvwpe`cak ex anfkp,cw lcahlf pe ickfw xaknckn ixem _G@ 8: ::: /VW@ > 0:># pe _G@ 7: :::/VW@ 11 111#, cmzxcwekmfkp pe a pfxm kep f gff`ckn p~flyf mekpow ex xfye-gapcek ei pof xfncwpfxf` anfkpw lcgfkgf /w+ 68/9##+

11?+ Vk`fx pof Gemzakcfw Ex`ckakgf ei Kfycw, iaclvxf hs a gemzaks pe iclfak akkval xfpvxk gekpackckn gvxxfkp c`fkpcps ckiexmapcek ek pof `cxfgpexw ak`pof woaxfoel`fxw ~cll xfwvlp ck pof wpxcbckn eii pof xfncwpfx ei a èmfwpcg ex iex-

fcnk gemzaks ak`%ex pof cmzewcpcek ei a àcls zfkalps ei _G@ 1: /VW@ 7+>:#ixem 1 Azxcl pe > Avnvwp ak` _G@ 1 /VW@ :+7># iex fago às pofxfaipfx /w+ 130/7#, w+ 769/7#, /w+ 611# ak` Xfnvlapcek 8 ei pof Gemzakcfw /Amfk`mfkp#Xfnvlapcekw ei 8::> ak` pof Gemzakcfw /Amfk`mfkp# Xfnvlapcekw ei 8::3#+

113+ A zfxwek ~oe mabfw ex awwcwpw ck mabckn a xfzexp, xfpvxk, kepcgf ex epofx ègvmfkp poap cw xfqvcxf` pe hf wfkp pe pof Xfncwpxax hs pocw ex`ckakgfex pof xfnvlapcekw, ak` poa

peer review report phase 1 st kitts and nevis

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