peer review publication: why not me ? peer review publication: why not me ? 32 nd annual tsicp...
TRANSCRIPT
Peer Review Publication:Peer Review Publication:Why Why NotNot Me ? Me ?
32nd Annual TSICP Conference
Patti Grant, RN, BSN, MS, CIC
Medical City Dallas Hospital: Infection Preventionist
OBJECTIVES
• State Basic Questions & Premise Behind the Peer-Review Publication Process
• Describe Resources Available to Use (Generic Yet Mandatory Guide)
• Explain Basic Organizational Steps from Idea to Submission, Re-Write, and Final
… Not About Writing or Scientific Process …
Peer-Review Publish: WHY?
• To Give Back– Mentors who shared their time, experience, and
expertise …expect nothing in return
– To help colleagues avoid “Reinventing that darn Wheel”
• Personal Glory … Do Not Expect It– Yet your reputation is ‘On The Line’– Your professional life is forever altered– Feeling of “actualization” professionally
• Because You Can and It Is Awesome
Aside From Textbooks …Types of “Scientific” Publications
• Newsletters
• Magazines
• Trade Journals
• Vanity Publications
• Peer-Review … Is THE Gold Standard
Higher The
Volume #
The Older
(& Respected)
The Journal
Peer Review Publication • Not Just Semantics
– Peer Review = Editorial Review Board– Magazine = Advisory Panels (or Nothing)– Newsletters = Editorial Advisory Boards
• Abstract vs. Full-Length Article• Full length article ‘must pass muster’ …
should be referenced and holds much weight– Abstract not ‘scrutinized’ yet important … can be
referenced but does not hold much weight
• Published Does Not Equal Truth– Must learn ‘good vs. not so good research’
Getting StartedGetting Started: Questions & Roadmap: Questions & Roadmap
• Who Is Your Audience? Query Editor?• Do Your Homework
– Go to library and review various journals• Journal Style? Reference Type? Etc.• Advance Schedule of Topics?• Information for Authors on-line? Hard-Copy?• Snail Mail vs. Electronic Submission?
• Each Publication is Unique to Itself– Doing Your Homework Pays Off– Increases Chances of Publication– Example: AJIC Author Information
http://journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ymic/authorinfo
Author InformationAuthor Information Gives “Nitty Gritty” Details
Avoid Obvious Manuscript Rejection -- Word Count
-- Check-Lists
-- # Tables
-- # References
-- Spacing Rules
-- Graphic Rules
-- Software
-- Article Type(s)
-- Key Words ?
-- Abstract Type
-- Max # Pages
Overall Peer-Review Concepts
• Solid Reference Material Problems
• Defuse Defensiveness
• Rigorous Scientific Process
• Ethics Galore
• IT TAKES A VILLAGE
Resources• Start At The Beginning: IRB Needed?• Institutional Review Board (IRB)
– Any type of human research: approval– Informed Consent needed? … Present Study– Qualify for Expedited Review? Exempt?
• Informed Consent vs. Expedited Review– Regardless: Must earn ‘certificate’ to participate in
research: self-paced & on-line– The PI and all co-investigator’s of research
http://phrp.nihtraining.com/users/login.php • Must mention IRB approval/exemption
TheThe Resource for Medical PR Resource for Medical PR JournalsJournals
• ICMJE: International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
• Short History of ICMJE
– Originated in 1978 as “Vancouver Group” of biomedical journal editors to begin standardization requirements of publication
– By 1981 established ICMJE and published first uniform requirements … still called
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts (URM) Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts (URM) Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Submitted to Biomedical Journals:
Writing & Editing for Biomedical PublicationWriting & Editing for Biomedical Publication
• Look in Journal “Author Information” – Are these requirements are referenced … if so,
increases creditability of publication
• Wealth of Gold Standard Information– Nine Sections– 23 Sub-Sections– 38 Sub-Sub Sections – FAQ’s– List of Journals that follow URM
http://www.icmje.org/
>400 Journals
HOMEWORK All 43 Pages ?!
• Section II: Ethical Conduct & Reporting– Authorship & Contributorship– Peer Review– Conflicts of Interest– Privacy & Confidentiality– Protection of Human & Animal Subjects
• Section IV: Manuscript Preparation and Submission– Description of Manuscript Sections– Tables, Illustrations, Figures– References
Plan Ahead: Some Fine Points• Internal P&P for “Permission”
– Check for internal facility requirements
• Authorship– Follow The Guidelines of order & contribution– Data collection & entry alone not enough– Authorship vs. Acknowledgement
• Conflict of Interest– Author Information– Using Copy Right Material– Signed Statement (Disclosure)
• Ethics: For All Aspects of Publication– Publish Same Data Only Once
Good Ethics … Avoid Pitfalls
• √ Ingelfinger Rule proposed with NEJM– Single journal submission or publication– Posters/Abstracts ≠ Previous Publication
• Self-Plagiarism is duplicate publication without full disclosure– Might actually violate copyright laws– Clutter literature databases, waste time– “Artificially” inflates topic importance
• Plagiarism is as obvious as always• Salami Publications: Be able to defend
Reference Database Software
• Various Programs Available
• Compatible with journal publisher
specifications in “Authors Info” ?
References Are Sticklers
• Always Cite “First” Reference– Go to the original article first referenced– Cross Reference & Double-Check To Text
• Must be in order and style of journal– APA (American Psychological Association)?– ICMJE: Uniform Requirements Manuscripts?– Vancouver Style?
• Sample References 41 Types
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
More Reference Sticklers• How Do I Know “THE” Journal Abbreviation to
Cite in My Manuscript Reference List?• Inexperienced Option
– Go to other articles and look for the journal you need to reference and copy it
– Laugh … I did this the first time
• Experienced Option– Go to the internet– Cumulated Index Medicus– Bibliographic listing of references to articles from
biomedical journals worldwidehttp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals
User-Friendly:User-Friendly:Ethics & General GuideEthics & General Guide
Am J Infect Control 1999;27:35-46.
OBJECTIVE #3Basic Organizational StepsBasic Organizational Steps
• IRB Approval? Expedited? Exempt?
• Internal Organization P&P Required?
Conduct Literature Search First:Painful But Necessary
• The “Reference Shuffle” (Home Grown)– Get full articles of those that match your paper– Read all thoroughly & highlight key items– Conduct your search & scan abstracts
• Alphabetize Articles by Author … Then– Write a symbol or color code each article based on main topic as
relates to your paper, then – Create a personal informal reference list that is alphabetical and
includes your ‘code system’– Write 1-4 sentence summary for each article
• As You Use A Reference In Paper– In pencil write the number as it appears in text
Start Writing (REALLY)
• A Title Isn’t Just a Title … Ever
• Make 100% Descriptive– First “Glance” for literature searches– Describes generic external generalizability
• Keep It Less Than 21 Words
• Will Change “Ump-Teen” Times– Ask for opinions
Keep Your Readers “In Mind”
• While writing anticipate other perceptions
• “Shadowbox” Your Readers *– Are there any gaps?– Any potential contradictions?
• DRAFT: Keep a notepad or add footnotes – Write down gaps or contradictions– Do not misplace these concepts– DRAFT Final Submission
* Am J Infect Control 1999;27:35-46.
AbstractAbstract … Your Next Foot
• Needs to Stand Alone*• Make Every Word Meaningful – Limited• Follow ‘Author Info’ for format required
– Scientific Format (B M R C)– Summary Format (Review, Educational, etc.)
• Write First vs. Write Last– Critical to be succinct and informative– Must follow exactly progression of paper
• Launching Pad: Presentations …
* Am J Infect Control 1999;27:35-46* Nyla J, Norman VL. Writing an effective abstract. Appl Nurs Res 1989;2:189-91
Keep Sections PureKeep Sections Pure: : Isolated Yet ConnectedIsolated Yet Connected
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• Get To The Point Quickly: Uniqueness• Remember “SO WHAT” (Rationale)• Capture Interest … Originality
– What Your Paper Is, or, – What Your Paper is not
• Logical Progression of Ideas Focus• Sparse ROL (Minimal References)• Sets Track for Progression of Paper• Cross-Check Once Paper Finalized• Keep Asking Yourself:
– Does This Belong Here?
METHODSMETHODS::Publication Recipe
• Tells “How” of The Situation at Hand
• Can Someone Duplicate Your Study?– Setting? Subjects? Study Design? IRB?
– Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria
– Step by Step Process Involved
– Statistical Analysis
– Questionnaires/Tools Used? • Validation? Inter-rater Reliability? Prior Reference?
• Multiple Sub-Sections Common
• Do these details support research findings?
• Keep Asking Yourself:– Does This Belong Here?
RESULTS: Just The Facts Jack
• Facts Only: Absolutely No Discussion• Logical Order: Mirror Previous Sections• Accurate … Cross … Perfection• Include All Finds (Not Just “Wanted”)• Tables, Graphs, and Figures
– Do not repeat in narrative– Emphasize only key findings– Statistics in these match narrative?
• Keep Asking Yourself:– Does This Belong Here?
DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION:: No Hallucinogens Please
• Logical Order: Mirror Previous Sections• Dr. Elaine Larson, Editor of AJIC:
– “Leap of Faith -- Cautious Latitude of Findings”
• Can Speculate on Results w/out Repeating • Get Creative with References
– Intertwine with your findings: Implications• Similarities? Differences? Unexpected Findings?• Can be reference heavy as appropriate (if adds to
paper)
• Address Limitations in Detail: Proactive• Future Research Suggestions Based on Findings?• Keep Asking Yourself:
– Does This Belong Here?
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
• Rarely PROVE Anything Correlate• Key Findings = Abstract … Sort Of
– As hinted at in INTRODUCITON?– As stated in RESULTS section?
• Words Count: “Can” vs. “May” vs. “Could”• Application of Findings• Contribution to Knowledge Base?• Caution: Findings of This Population Only• Keep Asking Yourself:
– Does This Belong Here?
Known Pearls: Stating The Obvious
• 1st Time: Abbreviations & Acronyms• Tables: Stand Alone? Accurate?
– Titles are extremely important– Abbreviations, Acronyms, Key– Identical to Anything Quoted in Text?– Columns & Rows labeled correctly?– No Discrepancies to any part of manuscript?– Do these match order referenced in text?
• References– Spelled Correctly? Format? Correct Order?
Submission ProcessSubmission Process
• Not “Really Done” … Your Final Draft• Do Not Get Rejected for Laziness • Follow All Author Information
– Word-processing– Tables, Graphs, Figures– Journal & Reference Style/Requirements– Check-List (Use it)
• Wait For The Outcome– Rejected?– Accepted with minor or major revisions– Accepted without revisions (rare)
Review ProcessReview Process
• Blind vs. Open Review Process• Must Address All Questions/Concerns
– Logical Approach
– Order of Reviewers Comments
– Respond … Must not accept all suggestions
• Yes
• No – Rationale Must Be Provided
• N/A
• Table Format is Best• Might Be Last Shot Before Rejection
May Do This More
Than Once ….
The End?The End?Rejection & AcceptanceRejection & Acceptance
• REJECTION– Worth it to look for another PR journal?– Lessons Learned?– Study Reviewers Comments in Detail– Take paper to newsletter? Magazine? Etc.
• ACCEPTANCE– Don’t drink too much at the party– Don’t quit your day job– Review Galley Proofs very carefully
• Often “Corrected Proof” published 1st on-line• May take several attempts