pedestrian safety countermeasures deployment and evaluation: las vegas case study shashi nambisan...
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Pedestrian Safety Countermeasures Deployment and Evaluation: Las Vegas Case
StudyShashi Nambisan
Director, InTrans & Professor of Civil EngineeringIowa State University ([email protected])
Srinivas Pulugurtha, The University of North Carolina at CharlotteMukund Dangeti, University of Nevada, Las VegasVinod Vasudevan, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
FHWA’sPedestrian Safety Web Conference
Washington, DCMay 28, 2009
Goals
• Improve pedestrian safety, minimize risk
• Identify, develop, deploy, and evaluate countermeasures
• Case Study: Las Vegas metro area, Nevada
2
Introduction
• Significant growth for 20+ years
• Wide, fast street grid network High posted & operational vehicle speeds
• Widely used transit system
• High risk conditions for pedestrians
• Demographics Population ~ 1.8 million Diversity: age, race
• 85 percent of the crashes involved locals
3
Pedestrian Crashes (2003 – 2006)4
Methodology
• Identify candidate locations GIS based analysis Site characteristics Problem characteristics
• Develop, deploy, & evaluate countermeasures
• Measures of effectiveness
5
Study Design
• Before and after Studies
• Comparative studies (with control group)
• Data collection ( ~18,000 pedestrians)
• Statistical analysesParametricNon-parametric
6
Study Locations
• Top priority / high risk locations Crash index and crash rank
• Site selection: 18 locations Includes 4 control locations Excluded the resort Corridor (The “Strip” and
its proximity)
• Different jurisdictions City of Las Vegas City of North Las Vegas Clark County Nevada Dept of Transportation (State)
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Study Locations
Control PointsHigh Pedestrian Risk Locations
R!
Major Streets0 0.7 1.4 2.10.35Miles /
! !R
R !9 10
13 14 15 16
1817
12 11
! R7 8
!!R
123
R !6 5 4
!!
SAHARA AV
CAREY AV
FLAMINGO RD
TROPICANA AV
WASHINGTON AV
JON
ES
BLV
D
OWENS AVN
ELLIS
BLV
D
CHARLESTON BLVD
DE
CA
TU
R B
LV
D
VEGAS DR
STEWART AV
LAKE MEAD BLVD
PA
RA
DIS
E R
D
BR
UC
E S
T
MA
RY
LA
ND
PK
WY
MA
RTIN
L K
ING
BLV
D
VEGAS VALLEY DR
SMOKE RANCH RD
PE
CO
S R
D
DESERT INN RD
BONANZA RD
TWAIN AV4TH
ST
TWAIN AV
US 95
PE
CO
S R
D
DESERT INN RD
PE
CO
S R
D
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Selection of Countermeasures
• Site characteristics Geometric conditions Operating conditions Light conditions Demographics Land-use
• Costs
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Countermeasures
• Engineering based countermeasures
• ITS based countermeasures
• Others
10
Advanced Warning Signs / Yield Markings11
High Visibility Crosswalk Treatment
12
In-Roadway Knockdown Signs13
Portable Speed Trailer14
Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians
15
Danish Offset and Median Refuge16
Pedestrian Activated Flashers17
Automatic Pedestrian Detection and Smart Lighting
18
Pedestrian Buttons that Confirm “Call”
19
Pedestrian Channelization20
ITS No-Turn on Red Blank out Signs
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Pedestrian Countdown Timers with Animated Eyes
22
Measures of Effectiveness / Statistical Tests• Pedestrian
Using the crosswalk Captured / diverted Looking for cars before crossing Trapped in the middle of the street Pedestrian-vehicle Conflicts Pedestrian waiting for signal to cross Delay
• Driver Yielding behavior, distance Blocking crosswalk Speed
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Speed Trailer Site Information24
Speed Trailer and Vehicle Speeds
35.0
40.0
31.5 31.9
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Direction of Traffic
Av
era
ge
Sp
eed
(m
ph
)
Before After
54.6 kph
50.7 kph
64.3 kph
51.3 kph
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Speed Trailer: Vehicle Speeds Analysis
MOE
Baseline vs. Stage 1 Baseline vs. Stage 2
DeltaMeanSpeed
P-value H0
DeltaMeanSpeed
P-value H0
H0: Vbefore= Vafter vs. Ha: Vafter< Vbefore
Eastbound mph
(kmph)
5.5(8.9)
<0.001 Reject8.1
(13.0)<0.001 Reject
Westbound mph
(kmph)
6.5(10.5)
<0.001 Reject3.7
(6.0)<0.001 Reject
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Speed Trailer: Analysis of Pedestrians
(Safety) Measures of Effectiveness
Baseline Stage 1 Stage 2
Sample = 165 Sample = 47 Sample = 156
Percent Percent Percent
% pedestrians who look for vehicles before beginning to cross
80 100 100
% pedestrians who look for vehicles before crossing 2nd half of street
85 100 100
% pedestrians trapped in the roadway
41 34 37
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Highly Effective Countermeasures
Description CostAdvanced Yield Markings for Motorists Low
In-roadway Knockdown Signs Low
Pedestrian Countdown Signals with Animated Eyes
Medium
Danish Offset High
Median Refuge High
Portable Speed Trailer High
Pedestrian Activated Flashing Yellow High
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Moderately Effective Countermeasures
Description CostPedestrian Call buttons that Confirm Call (Visible/Audible confirmation)
Low
Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians Low
ITS No-Turn on Red Signs Medium
ITS Automatic Pedestrian Detection Devices
High
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Countermeasures with Low Effectiveness
Description CostWarning Signs for Motorists Low
High Visibility Crosswalk Treatment Medium
Pedestrian Channelization High
Smart Lighting High
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Summary
• Significant overall benefits Pedestrian Driver
• Permitting & deployment considerations
• Administrative / jurisdictional hurdles
• Vendor / procurement difficulties
• Education needs: pedestrians, motorists
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Acknowledgments
• US Dept of Transp., Federal Highway Admin
• Nevada Dept of Transportation
• Nevada Office of Traffic Safety
• Regional Transp Commission of So. Nevada
• Clark County, Nevada
• City of Las Vegas
• UNLV TRC: students, staff
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