Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Plasma arc welding A concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed toward the weld area. Higher quality and speed than the TIG. Plasma AW Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Plasma cuttingynext=1&list=PL8EE6E5350B31D89B Negative electrode Cutting gas - + Shielding gas Plasma channel Positive metal Plasma: gas -(heat)> plasma ( +ions + -electrons ) Focused stream of plasma cut sheet metal. Cutting speed efficiency, power / thickness, specific heat, melting point : v P / (t w c Tm) Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Electron-beam Welding Kinetic energy of high-velocity electrons is converted into heat to strike the workpiece. The higher the vacuum the more the beam will be able to penetrate the part and the greater depth-to-width ratio. Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Laser-beam welding Uses a high-power laser beam as a heat source to produce a fusion weld. Has a high energy density and a deep penetrating capability. Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Laser-beam CuttingHigh power (kW) laser melts and evaporates material. CO 2 & Nd:YAG lasers are used for industrial cutting. Mirror Xenon Flashlamp Nd:YAG crystal Laser Mirror Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Laser Welding Machine Multi axis machine used for laser cutting, welding, marking.Machine Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Laser-beam Cutting Standard roughness material thickness / laser power, cutting speed : r t 0.5 / (P 0.5 v 0.3 ) Cutting rate laser power / evaporation energy per volume, thickness, width of laser: v P / (e t w) Laser beam Focusing lens Gas Material w t Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Laser drill Non-contact, a wide range of materials, accuracy and consistency, as small as 10 20 microns. Aerospace part:Glass: Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Resistance Welding( ) Welding is produced by means of electrical resistance between 2 joined members. Heat generated is H = heat generated (J) I = current (A) R = resistance in ohms t = time (s) Pearson & GNU Su-Jin Kim Welding & Joining Manufacturing Processes Resistance Welding Contact resistance of electrode-workpiece < Faying surface resistance of workpiece surface Pressure reduces contact resistance and is increased after solidification for forging Rapid, small heat affected zone, no filler, high reliability, automation possible Mostly lap joint, thickness is limited