peanut ipm update 2010
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was made at various peanut production meetings in Alabama as an annual training on pest management.TRANSCRIPT
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PEANUT IPM UPDATE, 2010
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator
Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532
Tel: (251) [email protected]
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Topics for discussion
• Research results
– Insect detection and monitoring project
– Focus on reported outbreaks in 2009
– Updates to the Peanut IPM Guide (IPM-0360)
– Thrips biological control research
• IPM-CORE: providing new thrust to IPM via integrated information delivery
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Program objectives
Research components:• Efficacy of pheromone traps as a early detection tool (short-term)• Impact of weather on insect abundance/activity (medium-term)• Develop site-specific forecasting system (long-term)
Educational components (based on needs assessment):• Early warning system for growers/consultants/Agents (short-term)• Increase adoption of pheromone traps (medium-term)• Thrust to vegetable/peanut IPM via IPM-CORE (long-term)
Funding (2009): Extension IPM Initiative, SPRI/NPB2010: Specialty Crops Block Grant, SPRI/NPB?, Ext IPM?
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Insect monitoring project(new in 2009)
• Use traps for early detection of pests
• What does trap catch tell you?
Catch = pop. density x activity
• Trap network (operated by REAs):
N-S: vegetable fields
E-W: peanut fields
• Commercial traps/lures used
• Trapping period: June-October
• Trapping interval (2009): 14 days
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• Generate information that you can use WITHIN SEASON
• Know what to scout for & when to scout INTENSIVELY
• Automatic identification of closely related species
• Prediction models will be avail.
Why use pheromone traps?
Wing trap Pherocon trap Bucket trap
Stink bug trap
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Trap catches in 2009
Insect catches (June-Oct.):
Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) = 3,586
Fall armyworm (FAW) = 1,386
Beet armyworm (BAW) = 1,377
Corn earworm (CEW) = 589
Southern armyworm (SAW) = 393
Tobacco budworm (TBW) = 342
Soybean looper (SL) = 230
Cabbage looper (CL) = 223
Corn rootworm (CRW): Southern = 253; Western = 13
Black cutworm (BCW) = 125
Stink bugs (SB, Euschistus) = 0*
* Trap damaged at many locations** Traps added late (July-Oct.)
Total = 8,586High
Low
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What is it?HINT: Several outbreaks of these insects occurred in AL, 2009
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Outbreak of armyworms in soybean, peanuts (2009)
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Beet armyworm
4
10
21
33
49
258
19
36
27
25
05
101520253035
12.3
21.4
28.3
26.6
30.2
19.819.8
12.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
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Fall armyworm
20
19
15
32
48
27
36
29
17
1216
13
0
10
20
30
40
5.211.8
23.2
34.7
23.6
31.6 33
17.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
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What is it?
Microspines
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Corn earworm
6
10
25
12
16
5
3
11
8
3
8
17
7
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)0
4
8
12
16
10.2
3.4
9.610.3 12.8
15.4
8.7
3.7
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
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What is it?
Microspines
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Tobacco budworm
3
2
7
20
15
3 6
6
3
1
3
Insect density (overall) per site
0
2
4
6
8
5
3.1
7.6
8.1
1.4
5 6.2
3.7
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Year 2009
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What is it?
Hint: larvae live in silken tunnels/tubes; some outbreaks (?) reported in 2009
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Why early detection of pests is useful?
Lesser cornstalk borer in many crops (Clarke, Washington, Escambia Co., Henry Counties)
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Lesser cornstalk borer
119
116
7646
142
143
77
Insect density (overall) per site
020406080
100120140
22.5
85.7
118.3
101.6
131132.8
113.6
64
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Year 2009
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What is it?
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Cabbage looper
10
12
23
3
9
3
5
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)0
2
4
6
8
2
4.44.5 5.5
7.57.3 8.2
1.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
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What is it?
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Soybean looper
6
15
12
2
14
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)02468
10
6
44.4
9.1 99.2
3.6
7.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
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Corn rootworm4
283 WCRW
12
7
1
14
2June, July
June
June
81 WCRW
June
WCRW SCRW
Source: K. Flanders (2010)
Year 2009
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Impact of Weather on Trap CatchesSign. Correlation of TEMPERATURE :County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW
Cullman NS NS NS 0.9655 (-) NA NS
Chilton 0.9989 (-) 0.9028 (-) 0.6599 (-) 0.9913 (-) NA NS
Baldwin NS NS 0.5863 (-) NS NS NS
Escambia NS 0.8603 (-) NS 0.6295 (+) NS NS
Henry NS NS NS NS NS NS
Numbers indicate significant correlations at P = 0.10. +/- indicates direction of relationship (preliminary findings). Rain days indicate number of days rainfall exceeded 0.1 inch.
County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW
Cullman NS 0.9905 (+) NS NS NA 0.5988 (+)
Chilton NS NS NS NS NA NS
Baldwin 0.9154 (+) 0.9838 (+) NS NS 0.8347 (+) 0.5882 (-)
Escambia 0.6661 (+) NS 0.7080 (+) NS NS NS
Henry NS 0.9851 (+) NS NS 0.7368 (+) 0.8819 (-)
Sign. Correlation of RAIN DAYS :
Year 2009
RAINFALL
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Discussion• Counties along the Gulf Coast had highest insect numbers
• Unusually high trap catches: FAW, BAW, LCB
• Outbreak reports (2009): FAW, BAW, LCB, CRW
• Outbreaks consistent with high trap catches
• Appropriate weather could trigger outbreaks
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Goals:• Monitor thrips infestation levels• Encourage registration of biological insecticides• Stimulate research for granular i-cide formulations
Thrips biocontrol research
Tobacco thrips Western flower thrips
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Thrips biological control study Locations: Fairhope (22 May), Headland (8 June) Peanut variety: Georgia green Insecticides tested:
Temik (aldicarb) @ 0.5 lb AI/acre Thimet (phorate) @ 0.38 lb AI/acre BotaniGard ES (Beauveria bassiana) @ 1-2
quart/acre QRD452 (Chenopodium) @ 1-2 quart/acre Radiant (spinetoram) @ 4-8 oz/acre
Thrips sampling: foliar sampling 7 DAT using bags Virus hits recorded twice in July
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Thrips biocontrol study: abbreviated results
Fairhope, AL Headland, AL
Treatment Rate/acre Application
method
Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus
hits
Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus
hits
Thimet (1/2 rate) 1.9 lb In-furrow 34.0abc 0.8 31.0cde 0.4
Temik (1/2 rate) 3.3 lb In-furrow 30.0abcd 1.4 27.8bcdef 0.6
Karate Z (1/2 rate) 2 fl oz Spray 26.0abcdef 1.6 30.0bcde 0.5
Radiant 8 fl oz Spray 10.6def 0.8 17.8 ef 1.0
BotaniGardd 2 qt Spray 19.6abcdef 1.1 44.8a 0.9
QRD400 2 qt Spray 13.6def 1.3 25.5cdef 0.5
Thimet +
Radiant
1.9 lb
4 fl oz
In-furrow
Spray
6.0f 0.5 20.0def 0.6
Check - 39.6a 2.0 47.3a 0.8
LSD - 20.4 NS 12.8 NS
Radiant is a promising insecticide as stand-alone or as rotation partner.
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Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
TSWV vs. healthy peanut plant
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1
2
3
4
5 6
7
Untr. check: 40 thrips/plot, 2-7 virus hits per 60 ft row
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
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1
Spinetoram (split applications) + phorate (both ½ rates)
6 thrips/plot…no benefit if applied at full rate
Fast knockdown product…less virus hits
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
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1
Beauveria (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)
35 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied
Slow product…virus hits increase
2
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
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1
QRD 400 (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)
29 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied
Slow product…virus hits increase
2
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
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What is it?
Three-cornered alfalfa hopperOutbreaks in Clarke, Washington, Baldwin, Mobile Co. (2009)
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Burrower bugs• Six species in peanuts, Pangaeus bilineatus
most prevalent, sporadic late-season pest• Host range: peanut, cotton, strawberry,
spinach, wild plants• Identification: small insects, note wing
structure & spines on legs• Overwintering stage: adult, under rocks,
crop stubble, volunteer plants• Management:
– Problem in high residue fields– Increasing problem as pods fill (late season)– Use pitfall traps to determine activity– Chlorpyrifos is the only recommended i-cide
Hemiptera: Cydnidae
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What is it?
Velvetbean caterpillarOutbreaks in pockets in many Baldwin and Mobile Co. (2009)
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IPM COmmunication REsources (IPM-CORE) Project
Project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85 or www.aces.edu/go/88
AU Pest Alert (direct email): July-October
Web outreach: Blogs, YouTube, AlabamaCrops.com, AGFAX.COM
Sign-up sheet for Pest Alert available today
IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375
Mobile exhibit at grower meetings, tradeshows
Timely revisions to Peanut IPM Guide
Ext. bulletins (peanuts, vegetables)
Concept: Synchronized rapid IPM information delivery to growers
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IPM-CORE: a rapid information delivery system
New Integrated Peanut Entomology Website:
SUBSCRIBE TO THIS FOR AUTOMATIC EMAIL UPDATES
IPM4Peanuts: YOUTUBE channel for AL peanut producers
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Acknowledgements
• IPM Trapping Coordinators: – A. Majumdar– H. Fadamiro– K. Flanders
• IPM Team Members:– Lloyd Chapman– Neil Kelly– Michael Reeves– Gary Gray– James Miles– William East, Jr.– Brandon Dillard– Leonard Kuykendall– Chris Becker– Timothy Reed
Thank you very much.
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