peace corps using paca: 2005
TRANSCRIPT
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Zboab Alrps
Kibo Gll`
Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi BxamohebZugdkaotklh Hl. C::=>
Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlrAlccuhkty Oatklh
ZOAO
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Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb
Ymb Zboab Alrps Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb (KAB), o uhkt ln tmbLnab ln Lvbrsbos Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Qupplrt (LZOYQ), cò bsovokdogdb tmb strotbekbs ohi tbamhldlekbs ibvbdlpbi gy Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs,tmbkr al-wlr̀ brs, ohi tmbkr aluhtbrports tl ibvbdlpcbht lreohkzotklhs ohiwlr̀ brs wml ckemt hi tmbc usbnud. KAB wlr̀ s wktm Zboab Alrps tbamhkaod ohitrokhkhe spbakodksts tl kibhtkny ohi ibvbdlp khnlrcotklh ln odd ̀ khis tl supplrtl̂duhtbbrs ohi lvbrsbos stonn. KAB odsl alddbats ohi ikssbckhotbs trokhkhe
eukibs, aurrkaudo, dbsslh pdohs, prlfbat rbplrts, cohuods, ohi ltmbr Zboab Alrps-ebhbrotbi cotbrkods ibvbdlpbi kh tmb bdi. Qlcb cotbrkods orb rbprkhtbi —os ks–0ltmbrs prlvkib o slurab ln bdi-gosbi khnlrcotklh nlr tmb prliuatklh ln cohuods
lr nlr rbsboram kh portkaudor prleroc orbos. Cotbrkods tmot ylu sugckt tl KABgbalcb port ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ dorebr alhtrkgutklh tl ibvbdlpcbht.
Ymks pugdkaotklh wos prliuabi gy Zboab Alrps LZOYQ. Kt ks ikstrkgutbitmrluem tmb KAB uhkt. Nlr nurtmbr khnlrcotklh oglut KAB cotbrkods (pbrklikaods,gll̀ s, vkibls, bta.) ohi khnlrcotklh sbrvkabs, lr nlr oiiktklhod alpkbs ln tmkscohuod, pdbosb alhtoat KAB ohi rbnbr tl tmb KAB aotodle hucgbr tmot oppborslh tmb pugdkaotklh.
Zboab AlrpsLnab ln Lvbrsbos Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Qupplrt
Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb???? 7:tm Qtrbbt, HU, Qkxtm Ndllr
Uosmkhetlh, IA 7:27> Ybd6 7:7.>;7.7>9:Nox6 7:7.>;7.7>9?
Ogrkiebi Ibwby Ibakcod Adosskaotklh (IIA) Hucgbr6 1:5.?
Qmorb ylur bxpbrkbhab!
Oii ylur bxpbrkbhab tl tmb KAB Wbslurab Abhtbr. Qbhi ylur cotbrkods tl ussl wb aoh smorb tmbc wktm ltmbr ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs. [lur tbamhkaod khskemtssbrvb os tmb gosks nlr tmb ebhbrotklh ln KAB cotbrkods, rbprkhts, ohi trokhkhe
cotbrkods. Ymby odsl bhsurb tmot KAB ks prlvkikhe tmb clst up-tl-iotb khhlvotkvbprlgdbc-sldvkhe tbamhkqubs ohi khnlrcotklh ovokdogdb tl ylu ohi ylur nbddlwibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs.
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ZOAO6Rskhe
Z ortkakZotlry o hodysks
nlr
alccRhkty o atklh
Zoa Alrps
7::2
Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi BxamohebZugdkaotklh Hl. C::=>
Wbprkhtbi Oprkd 7:?:
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
7 Zboab Alrps
Oalwdiects
Hucbrlus nkbdi ohi mboiquortbrs stonn wlr̀ bi tl alcpdbtb tmks
pugdkaotklh, ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty
Ibvbdlpcbht K ibo Gll` . Umkdb kt alhtokhs lrkekhod alhtbht ohi upiotbi
bxocpdbs, kt ks odsl gosbi lh bdi tbstbi rbslurabs, khaduikhe tmbZOAO6
Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe Cohuod
PKAB Hucgbr C::21S ohi tmb sbrkbs ln gll̀ dbts tmot alcprksb tmb
Ebhibr ohi Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe ohi Ekrd s‛ Biuaotklh Cohuod PKAB Hucgbr C::29S. Ymb Zboab Alrps opprbakotbs tmb alhtrkgutklhs
ln ortkadbs, kibos ohi pmltleropms gy ̂ lduhtbbrs, aluhtbrports ohi stonn
tmrluemlut tmb wlrdi0 ohi tmb bnnlrts ln odd tmlsb wml portkakpotbi kh
tmks prlabss.
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1
Altts
Khtrliuatklh ....................................................................................2
Amoptbr ?6 Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht ............=
Umot Ks Qustokhogdb Ibvbdlpcbht< .........................................?:
Ymb Wldb ln Zortkakpotlry Oatkvktkbs kh Ibvbdlpcbht .............?>
Umot ks ZOAO ohi Mlw Iki kt Bvldvb< ..................................?=
Umy ks tmb Ebhibr Alhhbatklh sl Kcplrtoht< ........................7:
Umot orb Ebhibr Wldbs< ...................................................7:
Umot ks Ebhibr Ohodysks ...................................................7?
Mlw tl Rsb ZOAO nlr Ebhibr Ohodysks ...........................79
Quccory .................................................................................7=
Amoptbr 76 Umot Orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds7
Q k̀dds Hbbibi tl Kcpdbcbht ZOAO .........................................>7 Zroatkakhe ZOAO6 Alccuhkty Zrbporotklh ohi Nlddlw-up .....52
Amoddbhebs nlr ̂ lduhtbbrs ........................................................=:
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
9 Zboab Alrps
Amoptbr 26 Mlw tl Rsb tmb Clst Alcclh Yllds ......................=2
Alccuhkty Coppkhe ..............................................................=2 Iokdy Oatkvkty Qambiudbs .........................................................;2
Qboslhod Aodbhiors ................................................................?:1
Zrklrkty Woh̀ khe ....................................................................??7
Amoptbr >6 Rskhe Ltmbr Zortkakpotlry Yllds ............................?7?
Ymb Ebhibr Alhhbatklh ohi @bbpkhe @hlwdbieb kh tmb Alccuhkty .................................?7?
Ltmbr Yllds ohi Wbslurabs .....................................................?77
Qlakod Hbtwlr̀ Coppkhe Ylld ................................................?71
Mlusbmldi Dkvbdkmlli Ohodysks ..............................................?7>
Rskhe o Norckhe Qystbcs Ikoeroc Ylld
nlr Mlusbmldi Dkvbdkmlli Ohodysks ........................................?1:
Oppbhikabs ..................................................................................?12
K. Grkhekhe tmb Yllds Ylebtmbr6
Umot kt Wboddy Dll̀ s Dk`b ..............................................?15
KK. Nrlc Yllds tl OKIQ Oatklh ............................................?2:
KKK. Oioptotklh ln tmb Hkebr ZOAO Yrokhkhe Mohigll̀ .......?25
Wbslurabs ....................................................................................?59
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2
Ktrliatkl Ymks kibo gll̀ oiirbssbs ̀ by alhabpts kh twl bordkbr Zboab Alrps‛
pugdkaotklhs, Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh (ZOAO)
Cohuod PKAB Hl. C::21S, ohi tmbEbhibr ohi Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe
Cohuod PKAB Hl. C::29S. Ymbsb prbvklus rbslurabs wbrb doreb
trokhkhe cohuods tmot khtrliuabi ZOAO tl stonn ohi ̂ lduhtbbrs kh tmb
alhtbxt ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ opprloam
tl ibvbdlpcbht. Qkhab ZOAO hlw
mos gbbh usbi kh tmb oebhay nlr cohy
ybors, tmks kibo gll̀ wos ibskehbi tl
ekvb o nlausbi mkstlry ohi ibsarkptklh
ln ZOAO, wmkdb smorkhe bxabddbht
bxocpdbs nrlc tmb bdi tmot kddustrotb
mlw ̂ lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr alccuhktkbs,
mlst aluhtry lreohkzotklhs ohi Zboab
Alrps prlfbats movb usbi tmbsb tllds
suaabssnuddy. K t ks odsl khtbhibi tl
suppdbcbht bxbraksbs kh tmb alrb prb-
sbrvkab trokhkhe cohuod Wldbs ln tmb
^lduhtbbr kh Ibvbdlpcbht PKAB Hl.
Y:::2S0 lr rbkhnlrab nluhiotklhod s̀ kdds iurkhe lr prklr tl kh-sbrvkab
trokhkhe’alcpdbcbhtkheYmb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht
(ZIC ) Yrokhkhe Cohuod PKAB Hl. Y:?:5S.
Odtmluem ZOAO6 Rskhe Zor tkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
wos wrkttbh nlr Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs, tmbkr aluhtbrports, ohi stonn,
tmb ebhibr-sbhsktkvb portkakpotlry opprloam aoh gb usbi gy ohy erlup
lr lreohkzotklh. Kh noat, tmluem Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs orb slcbtkcbsrbnbrrbi tl os tmb prkcory —ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs,– tmb kcpoat ln tmbkr
wlr̀ aoh movb o wkibr kcpoat kn ltmbr alccuhkty dboibrs, lnab coho-
ebrs, ylutm erlups, oickhkstrotlrs, biuaotlrs, lr HELs odsl uhibrstohi
mlw tl usb o aopoakty-gukdikhe nrocbwlr̀ tl strbhetmbh erlups wktm
wmlc ̂ lduhtbbrs dkvb ohi wlr̀ .
Khtrliuatklh
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
> Zboab Alrps
Qccory ln Altts
Amoptbr lhb sbts tmb alhtbxt wktm o ibsarkptklh ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛aopoakty-gukdikhe opprloam tl ibvbdlpcbht, tmb rldb ln portkakpotlry
oatkvktkbs kh tmot opprloam, ohi khnlrcotklh lh mlw tl gbttbr uhibrstohi
tmb kcpoat ln ebhibr rldbs ohi rbdotklhs kh alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht.
Amoptbr twl ibsarkgbs tmb nlur prkcory portkakpotlry tllds usbi kh
ZOAO odlhe wktm o vorkbty ln bxocpdbs tmot kddustrotb mlw tmby movb
gbbh usbi.
Amoptbr tmrbb ohswbrs tmb
qubstklh6 —Umot il ylu il
ontbr tmb ohodysks
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5
Amoptbr nkvb ibsarkgbs kh
ibtokd mlw tl alhiuat tmb nlur
clst alcclhdy usbi tllds6
alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy
oatkvkty sambiudbs,sboslhod
aodbhiors, ohihbbis ossbss-
cbht/prklrkty roh k̀he.
Ibsarkptklhs khaduib bxoc-
pdbs ln mlw qubstklhs ohi
ibgrkbnkhe ckemt gb vorkbi
ibpbhikhe uplh tmb erlup
ohi tmb purplsb nlr uskhe tmb
tlld. Wbkhnlrakhe tmb alhtbht
kh amoptbr tmrbb, o ibsarkptklh
ln prklrkty roh̀ khe smlws mlw
tl trohsktklh nrlc ohodysks tl
oatklh.
Nkhoddy,amoptbr skxibsarkgbs
oiiktklhod oatkvktkbs ohi
rbslurabs nlr portkakpotlry
ohodysks, ohi iksaussbs b̀y
noatlrs tl mbdp bhsurb ylu usb
ohy tlld kh o ebhibr-sbhsktkvbwoy. Ymb Oppbhikabs khaduib
twl ibtokdbi bxocpdbs ln mlw tmb usb ln ZOAO-typb tllds mos dbi tl
skehkaoht nlddlw-up prlfbats ibtbrckhbi gy tmb alccuhkty.
Ymb portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs
^lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr mlst
aluhtbrports alhiuat lr al-
noakdktotb kh ZOAO orb lntbh
rbnbrrbi tl os —tllds– gbaousb
tmby orb usbi dk`b tllds nlr
spbaknka purplsbs, suam os6
• Yl mbdp iknnbrbht erlups
smorb khnlrcotklh ohipbrspbatkvbs oclhe
tmbcsbdvbs0
• Yl bhogdb o alccuhkty tl
kibhtkny tmbkr lwh rbslurabs
ohi hbbis0
• Yl prlvkib o woy ln
prklrktkzkhe sbvbrod hbbis lribskrbs0 lr
• Yl bhsurb oh oatkvkty ks
pdohhbi ot oh opprlprkotb
tkcb nlr tmb khtbhibi
portkakpohts.
Khtrliuatklh
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
= Zboab Alrps
Ykes tl Alskir os [l WoiAoptr ?Y Zoa Alrps‛ Opprloatl Idlpct
Ymb Zboab Alrps ibsarkgbs ibvbd-
lpcbht kh mucoh, pblpdb-tl-pblpdb,tbrcs’mbdpkhe pblpdb ibvbdlp tmb
aopoakty tl kcprlvb tmbkr lwh dkvbs.
Gy wlr̀ khe wktmkh o mucoh aopo-
akty-gukdikhe nrocbwlr̀ , tmb nlaus
ln ^lduhtbbrs‛ wlr̀ ks lh strbhetm-
bhkhe tmb aopoakty ln cbh, wlcbh,
ekrds ohi glys tl oatkvbdy portkakpotbkh tmbkr lwh ibvbdlpcbht.
Gbaousb ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs
lntbh oiirbss spbaka hbbis, ot rst
edohab tmby coy sbbc tl nlaus lh
bxpohikhe scodd guskhbssbs, bstog-
dksmkhe trbb hursbrkbs, khktkotkhe
amkdi kccuhkzotklhs, lr kcprlvkhe
oerkaudturod prliuatklh, oclhe
cohy ltmbr plsskgkdktkbs. [bt, o
aopoakty-gukdikhe opprloam nlausbs
lh bcplwbrkhe dlaod pblpdb tl
gb tmbkr lwh ibaksklh-cò brs ohi
ibvbdlp tmb s̀ kdds tl aorry lut tmlsb
ibaksklhs ohi kcprlvb tmbkr dkvbs.
Ymb nlddlwkhe ks o ibsarkptklh ln
tmb Zboab Alrps‛ aopoakty-gukdikhe
nrocbwlr̀ .
Ymb kibo gll`, Qcodd
Zrlfbat Osskstohab6
Qupplrtkhe Qustokhogdb
Alccuhkty Ibvbdlp-
cbht PKAB Hl. C::=7S
elbs tmrluem tmb
prlabss ln pdohhkhe,
cohoekhe ohi
bvoduotkhe o dlaod
alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht
oatkvkty lhab prklrktkbs
movb gbbh kibhtkbi.
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;
Aopoakty-Gkdike Nrocwlr
Yl gb oh bnnbatkvb opprloam tl ibvbdlpcbht, aopoakty gukdikhe
hbbis tl moppbh ot o hucgbr ln dbvbds.
Kikkiod ccgrs ln t alcckty, prlfat portk-akpots6 Ymbsb aludi gb tmb stuibhts kh o adossrllc, norcbrs kh oallpbrotkvb, lr adkbhts sbrvbi gy o hlhelvbrhcbhtod lreohkzotklh
(HEL). Gukdikhe aopoakty ot tmbsb dbvbds ks usuoddy o coflr nlaus
ln ^lduhtbbrs.
Zrlnssklods, srka prlkirs6 Ymbsb aludi khaduibtboambrs kh tmb samlld, dboibrs ln tmb HEL, lr cohoebrs ln tmb
norcbrs‛ allpbrotkvb. Umkdb boam ^lduhtbbr mos oh kibhtkbi
alccuhkty porthbr wml coy lr coy hlt gb o sbrvkab prlvkibr,
tmbrb orb ltmbrs ot tmb socb dbvbd ln dboibrsmkp os ̂ lduhtbbrs wml
prlvkib sbrvkabs tl tmb khikvkiuod cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty.
Qtrbhetmbhkhe aopoaktkbs ot tmks dbvbd mbdps bhsurb dlaod dboibrsmkpnlr alhtkhukhe oatkvktkbs khtl tmb nuturb. Aopoakty-gukdikhe oatkvktkbs
ckemt khaduib wlr`smlps, clibdkhe kcprlvbi cbtmlis, trokhkhes,
cbhtlrkhe, lr supplrt kh o alccuhkty oatkvkty.
Lreokzotkls6 Ymbsb aludi khaduib tmb samlld, oh HEL, lr tmbnorcbrs‛ allpbrotkvb wmbrb tmb ̂ lduhtbbr ks pdoabi. Qtrbhetmbhkhe
lreohkzotklhod aopoaktkbs, suam os cohoebcbht s`kdds wktmkh oh
HEL, ibvbdlpkhe cotbrkods wktm tboambrs nlr usb kh o samlld, lr
mbdpkhe mbodtm wlr`brs ibvbdlp o rbalri-`bbpkhe systbc nlr oadkhka, odd mbdp rllt ltmbr oatkvktkbs kh oh lhelkhe, nuhatklhkhe, ohi
supplrtkvb bhvkrlhcbht.
Alccktks6 Ymbsb aludi khaduib tmb vkddoeb lr hbkemglrmllikh wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr dkvbs, lr tmb orbo sbrvbi gy tmb prlfbat
kh wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr ks wlr`khe, lr ohy samlld, HEL, adkhka lr
ltmbr lreohkzotklh wktm wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr wlr`s. Wboamkhe
lut khtl alccuhktkbs ohi gukdikhe aopoaktkbs wktm oatkvktkbs
suam os arbotkhe o alccuhkty mbodtm alcckttbb, o porbht-tboambr osslakotklh, lr mbdpkhe stuibhts tl lreohkzb oh Bortm
Ioy adboh-up aocpokeh, mbdps grloibh tmb gosb ln portkakpotklh
ohi bhsurb alhtkhukty.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
?: Zboab Alrps
Uot ks Qstokogd Idlpct<
Ibvbdlpcbht ks soki tl gb sustokhogdb wmbh kt ks ogdb tl alhtkhub lhkts lwh wktmlut lutskib supplrt. Nlr tmb Zboab Alrps, sustokhogdb
ibvbdlpcbht ks o prlabss kh wmkam cbh ohi wlcbh dborh tl gukdi
lh tmbkr lwh strbhetms, tl tò b amoreb ln tmbkr dkvbs, ohi tl oiirbss
tmbkr bxprbssbi hbbis. Cohy iknnbrbht kssubs hbbi tl gb alhskibrbi
kh wlr̀ khe nlr sustokhogkdkty nrlc hotklhod sbatlr-gosbi prlfbats tl
khikvkiuod ̂ lduhtbbr ohi alccuhkty oatkvktkbs. Yl iksalvbr wmkam kssubs
coy gb ot pdoy, os̀ ylursbdn tmb qubstklh6 Ks tmb bnnlrt...
Audturoddy sustokhogdb< Ks tmb goska opprloam lr alhabpt audturoddy
sustokhogdb< Ilbs kt t wktmkh ohi gukdi lh dlaod gbdkbns ohi troiktklhs,
lr wkdd kt gb sbbh os hlt oaabptogdb wmbh ̂ lduhtbbrs dbovb<
Zldktkaoddy sustokhogdb< Umbh tmbrb ks hl dlhebr o nlrbkeh
ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ br kh tmb prlfbat, wkdd kt gb sustokhogdb wktmkh tmb
slaklpldktkaod alhtbxt<
Balhlckaoddy sustokhogdb
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??
Orb wb gukdikhe aopoakty ohi mbdpkhe tl arbotbsustokhogkdkty<
Wboi tmb nlddlwkhe tmrbb sktuotklhs aorbnuddy. Ymb rst port ln boam
sktuotklh wkdd plsb o rbodkstka sabhorkl skckdor tl tmlsb ylu coy
bhaluhtbr wmkdb wlr̀ khe wktm ylur alccuhkty kh tmb bdi. Ymkh̀
oglut boam sktuotklh ohi alhskibr wmot ylu ckemt movb ilhb iknnbrbhtdy.
Ymb sbalhi port ln boam sktuotklh kddustrotbs mlw tmb oppdkaotklh ln
portkakpotlry ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO) tllds aoh dboi tl
clrb khnlrcbi ibaksklh-cò khe ohi clrb suaabssnud prlfbats. Lhabylu movb oh uhibrstohikhe ln wmy ZOAO tllds aoh gb sl plwbrnud, kt‛s
boskbr tl dborh mlw tl oppdy tmbc kh ylur lwh wlr̀ . [lu wkdd dborh clrb
oglut tmb ZOAO tllds’alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs,
sboslhod aodbhiors, ohi hbbis ossbsscbht/prklrkty roh̀ khe’kh tmb
amoptbrs tmot nlddlw.
QKYuOYKLh Lhb
Kh o rbeklh ln tmb Zmkdkppkhbs wmbrb nockdkbs orb rkab
norcbrs lh scodd dohi mldikhes, ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs
dll̀ bi nlr woys tl kharbosb nockdy khalcb. Odd nockdy
cbcgbrs moi tmbkr lwh rldbs kh rkab prliuatklh, morvbst,
ohi plst-morvbst. Oiiktklhod khalcb-borhkhe sambcbs
khaduibi tmb cò khe ohi sbddkhe ln strow gos̀ bts gywlcbh ohi amkdirbh. Qtkdd, tmbrb wos hlt sunakbht nockdy
khalcb tl pbrckt odd amkdirbh tl ottbhi samlld ohi tl
prlvkib oibquotb mbodtm aorb.
Yl kharbosb nockdy khalcb, tmb khtbrvbhtklh ibakibi uplh
wos tl kharbosb rkab prliuatklh tmrluem oh kcprlvbi
mkem-ykbdi strokh, os kt oppborbi tl gb tmb dbost iksruptkvb
tl tmb rkab audturb odrboiy kh bxkstbhab ohi wludi hlt
rbqukrb clrb dohi. O hbw —clibrh rkab– (sbb Nkeurb ?)
wos khtrliuabi ohi, lvbr sbvbrod ybors, kt wos oaabptbi.
Gy tmb bhi ln vb ybors, prliuatklh moi clrb tmoh
ilugdbi. Mlwbvbr, nockdy khalcb wbht ilwh.
?
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
?7 Zboab Alrps
Nker ?. O w —clir rka– wos ktrliai….
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?1
Umot wbht wrlhe< Rsb ylur arbotkvb tmkh`khe s̀ k d ds tl ebhbrotb o dkst
ln plsskgdb kcpoats lh khikvkiuods, mlusbmldis, ohi tmb alccuhkty ln
tmb khtrliuatklh ohi suaabssnud prliuatk lh ln clibrh rkab.
Alhskibr6 Umot nockdy nuhis orb usbi nlr mbodtm ohi biuaotklh< Umot
ibcohis lh tkcb ohi hohakod rbslurabs ckemt movb amohebi
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
?9 Zboab Alrps
QKYuOYKLh YUL
Kh tmks sktuotklh, biuaotklh l̂duhtbbrs wbrb os̀ bi tl
pdoh oatkvktkbs nlr tmb succbr clhtms wmbh samlld wos
hlt kh sbssklh. Ymby ibakibi tmot tmb succbr wludi gb
o elli tkcb tl mldi wlr̀ smlps nlr tboambrs, ossuckhe
tmot tmb tboambrs, clstdy wlcbh, wludi movb clrb tkcb
iurkhe tmb succbr.
Uludi tboambrs ottbhi tmbkr wlr`smlps< Umy lr wmy hlt
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1QKYuOYKLh YmWbb
Wbi Arlss wlr̀ brs kh Clzocgkqub wbrb oworb tmot
portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO) wos kharboskhedy
vkbwbi os o cbtmli bhogdkhe HELs ohi tmbkr adkbhts
tl pdoh prlerocs flkhtdy tl rbiuab alccuhkty vudhbr-
ogkdkty. Ymb alccuhkty ln Ybtb, Clzocgkqub, wos kh
tmb prlabss ln rbbstogdksmkhe ktsbdn ontbr sbvbrod ybors
kh rbnuebb aocps kh hbkemglrkhe aluhtrkbs. Os port lntmb rbmogkdktotklh prlabss, o hucgbr ln lutskib lreohk-
zotklhs moi ibvbdlpbi prlerocs tl mbdp tmb alccuhkty
gbekh nuhatklhkhe oeokh kh kts mlcb aluhtry. Mlwbvbr,
cohy ln tmb prlerocs wbrb aorrkbi lut wktmlut o
alcpdbtb ohodysks ln tmb orbo‛s rks̀ prldb (bspbakoddy
tmb noat tmot kt ks irluemt-prlhb).
Uos tmks wbdd-k htbhibi prleroc os bnnbatkvb os kt ckemt movb gbbh kh
rbiuakhe tmb vudhbrogkd k ty ln tmb alccuhkty< Umy lr wmy hlt
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
?> Zboab Alrps
Kh tmbsb bxocpdbs, tmb usb ln portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs wktm tmb prlfbat
portkakpohts noakdktotbi o ibbpbr uhibrstohikhe ln mlusbmldi rldbs ohi
rbsplhskgkdktkbs. Ymb portkakpohts aludi ohodyzb tmb pltbhtkod bnnbats
ln ibvbdlpcbht kibos nlr tmbcsbdvbs. Quam bnnlrts mbdp ibvbdlp tmb
aopoakty nlr sbdn-ohodysks ohi ibaksklh-cò khe, ohi supplrt sustokhogdb
ibvbdlpcbht.
Y Wld ln Zortkakpotlry Oatkktks k Idlpct
Zdohhkhe nlr pblpdb-abhtbrbi ibvbdlpcbht rbqukrbs cbohkhenud
khnlrcotklh oglut wml tmb pblpdb orb ohi mlw tmby khtbroat. Erlups
ln pblpdb orb rorbdy mlclebhblus. —Zblpdb– ot tmb clst ebhbrod dbvbd
khaduib wlcbh ohi cbh, yluhe ohi ldi, ohi khikvkiuods ln iknnbrbht
btmhka erlups, aostbs/adossbs, ogkdktkbs, oppborohab ohi rbdkeklus
ondkotklh.
Bvbrywmbrb, ohi wktmkh bvbry
slaklbalhlcka erlup, tmb woys
mlusbmldis nuhatklh orb strlhedy
khubhabi gy audturb, wktm ikn-
nbrbht rldbs, rkemts, ohi rbsplh-
skgkdktkbs nlr cbh ohi wlcbh,ekrds ohi glys. Bxtbhibi nockdkbs
coy khaduib oiiktklhod pblpdb ln
gltm sbxbs ohi vorklus oebs.
Mlusbmldis coy movb iknnbrbht
alcgkhotklhs ln rbslurabs,
khaduikhe tkcb, dohi, khalcb,
h̀lwdbieb0 ohi iknnbrbht dbvbds
ln hbbi, khaduikhe nlli, smbdtbr,
biuaotklh, mbodtmaorb. Lntbh, tmlsb rbslurabs orb oddlaotbi gy sbx ohi
oeb (os wbdd os btmhkakty, adoss/aostb, rbdkeklh, bta.), os orb tmb rbsplhsk-
gkdktkbs kh prlvkikhe nlr hbbis.
Qtratr Oh lreohkzotklh
wktm rkemts, rldbs,
rbsplhskgkdktkbs
(tmb —1Ws–)
his• alhsucptklh
• khalcb
• mbodtm
• biuaotklh
• bta.
Wslras• dohi
• doglr
• aopktod
• `hlwdbieb
• tkcb
Y mlsldi
os o Qystc
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?5
Iksalvbrkhe tmks typb ln khnlrcotklh oglut mlusbmldis aoh gb khvoskvb
uhdbss kt ks ilhb aorbnuddy. Ymot ks wmy portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs movb
gbbh usbi nlr cohy ybors tl mbdp ibvbdlpcbht wlr b̀rs ohi ltmbrs
gbttbr uhibrstohi tmbsb kssubs. Kh noat, ZOAO prlvkibs ̂ lduhtbbrs ohi
aluhtbrports wktm oh khaduskvb opprloam tmot usbs spbaka tllds tl mbdp
bheoeb o wkib vorkbty ln khikvkiuods ohi erlups tl smorb wktm boam
ltmbr kh ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
Osst-gosi lr Qtret-gosi Opprloas tl Idlpct
Ymb strbhetm-gosbi opprloam bcpmoskzbs tmb plsktkvb ottrkgutbs
ln tmb alccuhkty ohi wmot mos wlr`bi wbdd kh tmb post. Kt prlvkibs
cltkvotklh ohi mbdps pblpdb dborh mlw tl rbpbot suaabssbs. Ymus,
khnlrcotklh eotmbrkhe gbekhs gy oa`hlwdbiekhe wmot ks wlr`khe
ot tmb prbsbht tkcb, wmot rbslurabs orb odrboiy ovokdogdb kh tmb
alccuhkty ohi wmot ossbts orb prbsbht nlr arbotkhe amoheb.Ymb kibo ks tmot portkakpohts, kh ohswbrkhe tmbsb qubstklhs, stkr
up cbclrkbs ohi stlrkbs ln bhbrekzkhe clcbhts ln suaabss ohi
ibvbdlp o plsktkvb, proatkaod opprloam tl amoheb.
Nrlc poeb 5, Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Gll`dbt 76 Mlw tl Ibskeh lr Wbvksb o
Zrlfbat PKAB Hl. C::>5S.
Bxpbrts kh o vorkbty ln bdis movb, kh tmb dost ?: tl 7: ybors, gbbh
bxpdlrkhe ossbt-gosbi ( strbhetm-gosbi) woys ln ilkhe khikvkiuodohi alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht. Ymks opprloam bcpmoskzbs
bxockhkhe strbhetms ohi kibhtknykhe wmot wlr`s. Kt mos gbbh
ibclhstrotbi kh tmb dog ohi bdi tmot pblpdb lntbh dkvb up tl
tmb bxpbatotklhs ln tmb lutskibr alckhe kh tl osskst tmbc. Kn oh
lutskibr dll`s nlr plsktkvb ospbats, tmks bxpbatotklh wkdd gb cbt0
kn tmks pbrslh dll`s nlr hbeotkvbs, sl tll wkdd tmks bxpbatotklh
gb cbt. Lhb erlup ln tmblrksts kh tmks —strbhetm-gosbi samlld–
strbssbs tmot tmb oat ln os`khe qubstklhs khubhabs tmb erlup ohi
tmb lutalcbs. Ymbrbnlrb, oaalrikhe tl tmks tmblry, kn tmb elod ks tlkcprlvb o sktuotklh ohi dbovb kt strlhebr, lhb smludi odwoys stort
plsktkvbdy. Ymb prleroc cohoebr ln tmb ylutm prlfbat kh Ylheo
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb ?=)
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
?= Zboab Alrps
Uot Ks ZOAO oimlw Iki Kt bld<
Bordy systbcs, suam os portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO) ohi ropki
rurod opproksod (WWO) usbi tllds suam os alccuhkty coppkhe ohi
iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs wktm rbprbsbhtotkvb khikvkiuods kh tmb alc-
cuhkty. Ymbh, o tboc alhskstkhe ln vorklus bxpbrts, suam os balhlcksts,
ohtmrlpldleksts, slakldleksts, ohi ibvbdlpcbht spbakodksts wludi
ohodyzb tmb ioto nrlc tmb vorklus portkakpotlry tllds ohi ibvbdlp
strotbekbs tl mbdp tmb alccuhkty kcprlvb kts sktuotklh.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ portkakpotlry ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO)
wos ibvbdlpbi nrlc tmbsb bordkbr opprloambs. Mlwbvbr, ZOAO nlausbi
lh twl ospbats tmot wbrb hlt lrkekhoddy o port ln tmb ltmbr cbtmlildlekbs.
Lhb wos tlalhiuat oatkvktkbs wktm sbporotb erlups cò khe up ohy
alccuhkty.? Ymbsb erlups ckemt gb cbh ohi wlcbh, glys ohi ekrds,
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb ?5)
? Cohy ibvbdlpcbht lreohkzotklhs usb vorkotklhs ln ZWO ohi WWO, ohi slcb hlw alhiuat
oatkvktkbs wktm sbporotb erlups os tmb Zboab Alrps ilbs wktm ZOAO. O b̀y iknnbrbhab nlr
slcb ks o nlaus lh kibhtknykhe alccuhkty ossbts ohi strbhetms tl gukdi lh os ZOAO ilbs,
rotmbr tmoh prlvkikhe lutskib nuhikhe tl alcpdbtb prklrktkzbi prlfbats.
hltkabi o irocotka kharbosb kh rbabptkvbhbss tl tmb Zboab Alrps
gy tmb dlaod pblpdb wmbh stonn ohi ̂ lduhtbbrs bhtbrbi o alccuhkty
ohi stortbi gy os`khe wmot odd tmb —elli stunn– wos.
Nrlc poeb 1=, Amoptbr 7 ln Ulr`khe wktm [lutm6 Opprloambs nlr ^lduhtbbrs PKAB
Hl. C::>5S.
Qbatklh 7 ln tmb Alccuhkty Alhtbht-Gosbi Khstruatklh (AAGK) Cohuod (KAB Hl.
Y:??7) ks bhtkrbdy ibikaotbi tl ZOAO ohi ossbt-gosbi opprloambs tl ibvbdlpcbht
kh ebhbrod ohi biuaotklh spbakaoddy.
Qbb odsl poebs 1;-2? ln Oh HEL Yrokhkhe Eukib nlr Zboab Alrps ^lduhtbbrs (KAB
Hl. C::5:)0 Gll`dbt ?6 Ymb ^lduhtbbr os Dborhbr kh Ymb Wldbs ln tmb ^lduhtbbr
kh Ibvbdlpcbht (KAB Hl. Y:::2)0 ohi poeb ?> ln Ymb Hbw Zrleroc Ibskeh ohi
Cohoebcbht (ZIC) Cohuod (KAB Hl. Y:?:5).
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?;
pblpdb ln iknnbrbht btmhka erlups, tboambrs ohi supbrvkslrs, lr rurod
ohi urgoh stuibhts, ohi sl lh.
Lhab tmb iknnbrbht erlups alcpdbtb oh oatkvkty, suam os o cop lr iokdy
sambiudbs, tmby prbsbht tmbkr prliuats tl boam ltmbr, ohitlebtmbr tmby
il tmb ohodysks.7 Kh tmks woy, tmb ohodysks plrtklh ln tmb bxbraksbs stoys
wktm tmb alccuhkty, ekvkhe cbcgbrs tmb lpplrtuhkty tl sbb wmot ks
kcplrtoht tl boam cbcgbr ohi bhogdkhe tmb alccuhkty tl irow kts lwh
alhadusklhs. Ymb oatkvktkbs hlt lhdy rbvbod kcplrtoht khnlrcotklh nlr
ibvbdlpcbht wlr b̀rs ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs, gut tmby odsl smlwalccuhkty cbcgbrs woys tl bxpdlrb ohi ohodyzb tmbkr lwh sktuotklh’
lntbh alccuhkaotkhe oarlss troiktklhod gorrkbrs (nlr bxocpdb, o erlup
ln yluhe uhcorrkbi wlcbh‛s prklrktkbs nlr tmb nuturb gbkhe mbori gy
ldibr ebhbrotklhs). Aopoakty-gukdikhe ot tmb dlaod dbvbd ks odsl bhmohabi
nlr nuturb oatkvktkbs wmbh tmb alccuhkty kibhtkbs kts lwh rbslurabs
ohi tmb strbhetms tl irow uplh kh cbbtkhe kts elods.
Qtkdd, ZOAO ks hlt lhdy oglut ohodysks ohi kt ibhktbdy ks hlt oglut
lgtokhkhe khnlrcotklh sl ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs aoh arbotb tmbkr lwh
kibos nlr prlfbats. Wotmbr kt ks oglut gukdikhe o porthbrsmkp gbtwbbh
ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs (Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs) ohi alccuhkty cbc-
gbrs, ohi oclhe alccuhkty cbcgbrs tmbcsbdvbs. Kh tmb prlabss ln
ibvbdlpkhe khnlrcotklh tlebtmbr, ohodyzkhe kts kcpdkaotklhs nlr tmb
alccuhkty, ohi pdohhkhe nlr oatklh, alccuhkty cbcgbrs ohi tmb
Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs alddoglrotb tl bhsurb tmot tmb vlkabs ln wlcbh
ohi cbh, ekrds ohi glys, ldi ohi yluhe, orb khaduibi kh ibakikhe mlw
tmby wkdd alcckt tmbkr clst prbaklus rbslurabs6 tmbkr tkcb, tmbkr bhbrey,
ohi tmbkr alcclh nuturb.
7 Ymb Zboab Alrps mos o uhkqub prbsbhab kh mlst alccuhktkbs tmot noakdktotbs dlhe-tbrc smorbi
pdohhkhe ohi ohodysks wktm dlaod erlups.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
7: Zboab Alrps
Uy ks t Eir Alatkl
Ql Kcplrtot<Bxpbrkbhab ohi rbsboram smlw tmot poykhe ottbhtklh tl ohi uhibrstohikhe
ebhibr rldbs cò bs ibvbdlpcbht prlfbats clrb sustokhogdb. Rskhe tmb
typbs ln ohodytkaod tllds tmot orb o port ln ZOAO, ebhibr rldbs kh rurod
ohi urgoh mlusbmldis ohi alccuhktkbs orb grluemt tl dkemt ohi orb
noatlrs kh smorbi ibaksklh-cò khe.
Umot orb Ebhibr Wldbs<
Ebhibr rldbs orb ibhbi os
tmb rldbs ln khikvkiuods gosbi
lh tmbkr sbx os wbdd os ltmbr
slakod noatlrs suam os oeb,
btmhkakty, ohi adoss. Qkhab
ebhibr rldbs orb slakoddyibtbrckhbi, tmby iknnbr gb-
twbbh ohi oclhe audturbs
ohi amoheb lvbr tkcb. Nlr
bxocpdb6
?. Kh Mlhiuros, oerkaudturb
ks alhskibrbi cbh‛s wlr̀ 0
wmkdb kh tmb Alhel, kt
ks alhskibrbi wlcbh‛s
wlr̀ .
7. Kh tmb mkemdohis ln Ymok-
dohi, tmb Mclhe cbh ohi
wlcbh movb sbporotb ohi
ikstkhat rldbs6 wlcbh mohidb mlusbmldi amlrbs, ohi cbh orb khamoreb ln dohi ohi troib. Kh tmb updohis ln tmb socb aluhtry,
@orbh cbh ohi wlcbh il oerkaudturod wlr̀ tlebtmbr ohi smorb
mlusbmldi amlrbs.
Ebhibr Wldbs orb6
• Qlakoddy Alhstruatbi
• Dborhbi
• Iyhocka (tmby amoheb lvbr
tkcb)
• Cudtk-noabtbi (tmby iknnbr
wktmkh ohi gbtwbbh audturbs)
Qbx ks6
• Gkldlekaoddy Ibtbrckhbi
• Rhkvbrsod
• Rhamohekhe
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7?
Gy uhibrstohikhe ebhibr rldbs ohi tò khe tmbc khtl oaaluht kh prlfbat
pdohhkhe ohi ibskeh, l̂duhtbbrs aoh wlr̀ clrb bnnbatkvbdy wktm
alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl bhsurb tmot odd cbcgbrs‛ hbbis orb rbprbsbhtbi
ohi alhskibrbi. Ymks aoh gb ilhb tmrluem ebhibr ohodysks.
Umot ks Ebhibr Ohodysks<
Ebhibr ohodysks bxockhbs tmb rldbs ln wlcbh ohi cbh kh ohy ekvbh
slakbty lr alccuhkty tl prlvkib o alcpdbtb pkaturb ln tmb noatlrs
tmot onnbat6
Ykcb
Ikvksklh ln doglr
Oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi khnlrcotklh
Zlwbr rbdotklhs
Ebhibr hbbis
Ymbsb noatlrs khubhab wml portkakpotbs kh, ohi wml gbhbts nrlc,
ohy ibvbdlpcbht pdohhkhe lr oatkvkty. Kibhtknykhe ohi uhibrstohikhe
tmbsb noatlrs iurkhe tmb bordy stoebs aoh mbdp tl bhsurb oh oatkvkty‛s
suaabss. Ymb amort gbdlw kddustrotbs o roheb ln plwbr khikvkiuods lr
erlups ckemt movb kh ibvbdlpcbht prlfbats. ZOAO, os usbi gy Zboab
Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs ot tmb dlaod dbvbd, sbb̀ s tl movb alccuhkty cbcgbrs
oatkvbdy pdohhkhe ohi kcpdbcbhtkhe oatkvktkbs tmby kibhtkny os hbbis,
wmkam ebhbroddy nodds wktmkh tmb roheb ln cbikuc tl mkem plwbr. Kn
l̂duhtbbrs orrkvb kh tmbkr alccuhktkbs wktm oatkvktkbs odrboiy kh ckhi,
lr ibvbdlp oatkvktkbs lh tmbkr lwh gy lgsbrvkhe hbbis’bvbh kn tmlsb
oatkvktkbs orb voduogdb ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs gbhbt’dlaod pblpdb
iki hlt movb o rldb kh pdohhkhe ohi prklrktkzkhe wmot wludi moppbh.
Ymot puts tmbc kh o dlw-tl-cbikuc plwbr sktuotklh.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
77 Zboab Alrps
Zlwr Altkc
Dlw Zlwr Cikc Zlwr mke Zlwr
Oaabss tl sbrvkabs0 Khikvkiuod oaabss tl Ogkdkty tl khktkotb
gbhbt ikrbatdy ibaksklh-co`khe oatklh ohi tl arbotb
prlabssbs tmot wbrb ibaksklh-co`khe
ibskehbi gy ltmbrs prlabssbs tmot
khubhab slakod,balhlcka ohi
pldktkaod systbcs
Zlwbr alhtkhuuc eropmka rbprkhtbi wktm pbrckssklh nrlc Zor̀ br O. W., K. Dlzohl, D. Cbsshbr.
Ebhibr Wbdotklhs Ohodysks6 O Eukib nlr Yrokhbrs . Ubstplrt, AY6 Qovb tmb Amkdirbh, ?;;2.
Ymb nlddlwkhe ks o ebhibr ohodysks nrocbwlr̀ ibvbdlpbi gy Qovb tmb
Amkdirbh, wmkam ks o usbnud tlld kh doreb prlfbat lr scodd oatkvkty pdoh-
hkhe, ibskeh, ohi kcpdbcbhtotklh. Umkdb tmb wlri —nrocbwlr̀ – coy
sluhi tbamhkaod, kt ks skcpdy oh ottbcpt tl kddustrotb tmb khtbrrbdotbi
kssubs tmot gltm khubhab wmot ebhibr rldbs orb, ohi ibtbrckhb wmot
pblpdb hbbi tl nuddd tmlsb rldbs. Os ylu wkdd hltb kh tmb eropmka,
iknnbrbht b̀y alcplhbhts rbkhnlrab boam ltmbr kh tmks prlabss, ohi
ZOAO tllds aoh gb usbi tl gltm eotmbr tmks khnlrcotklh ohi gbttbr
uhibrstohi wmot kt cbohs.
?. Ebhibr rldbs orb wmot o slakbty ibtbrckhbs os opprlprkotb gbmov-
klr, oatklh, irbss, bta., gosbi lh lhb‛s sbx, oeb, adoss, ohi ltmbr
arktbrko. Ymot ks, wmot orb tmb rldbs ohi rbsplhskgkd k tkbs ln cbh,
wlcbh, ekr ds, ohi glys
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71
9. Kh turh, ebhibr rldbs, ikvksklh ln doglr ohi oaabss ibtbrckhbplwbr
rbdotklhs. Uml mos plwbr lvbr, plwbr wk tm, plwbr tl, plwbr
wktmkh < Uml cò bs ibaksklhs lvbr wmot< Uml ks ogdb tl amoheb
mks lr mbr lwh dknb nlr tmb gbttbr<
2. Yò khe khtl oaaluht tmb rst nlur alcplhbhts rbsudts kh iknnbrbht
ebhibr hbbis ln cbh ohi wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys. Oiirbsskhe
proatkaod ebhibr hbbis cò bs lhb‛s ebhibr rldb boskbr (nlr
bxocpdb, prlvkikhe wotbr slurabs adlsbr tl tmb mlcb bosbs tmb
wlr̀ dloi ln wlcbh ohi ekrds wmbh tmby orb rbsplhskgdb nlr wotbralddbatklh). Oiirbsskhe strotbeka ebhibr hbbis aoh odtbr ebhibr
rldbs (suam os, biuaotklh nlr ekrds plstplhbs tmbkr corrkoeb oeb
ohi tmb oeb ot wmkam tmby movb tmbkr rst amkdi).
Ymb ikoeroc gbdlw kddustrotbs mlw tmbsb alcplhbhts rbkhnlrab
boam ltmbr.
Wbprkhtbi wktm pbrckssklh nrlc Zor̀ br O. W., K. Dlzohl, D. Cbsshbr.Ebhibr Wbdotklhs Ohodysks6
O Eukib nlr Yrokhbrs. Ubstplrt, AY6 Qovb tmb Amkdirbh, ?;;2.
Eir Wlds
Ikkskl ln Doglr
Oaass
Zlwr Wdotkls
Eir his
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
79 Zboab Alrps
Kibhtknykhe ohi uhibrstohikhe tmbsb alcplhbhts mbdp ̂ lduhtbbrs
uhibrstohi tmb ebhibr-rbdotbi kssubs tmot kcpoat tmbkr prlfbats
ohi oatkvktkbs.
Mlw tl Rsb ZOAO nlr Ebhibr Ohodysks1
Ymb tllds ibsarkgbi kh tmks mohigll̀ orb usbnud kh o wkib vorkbty
ln sbttkhes ohi kh bvbry tbamhkaod sbatlr’khaduikhe iksostbr rks̀
ossbsscbht. Ymbsb tllds bhogdb l̂duhtbbrs ohi alccuhktkbs tl
dborh oglut mlw ebhibr rldbs kcpoat mlusbmldi ohi alccuhktyibvbdlpcbht, ohi mlw khikvkiuod ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs onnbat cbh
ohi wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys, ldi ohi yluhe, ohi ltmbr sugerlups
iknnbrbhtdy. Gy rbalehkzkhe ohi kibhtknykhe tmbsb iknnbrbhabs, ylu wkdd
kharbosb tmb pltbhtkod nlr suaabssnud prlfbat pdohhkhe, kcpdbcbhtotklh,
clhktlrkhe, ohi bvoduotklh.
Nlr bxocpdb, kn ylu woht tl bhaluroeb clrb pblpdb tl usb tmb
alccuhkty mbodtm adkhka, smludi tmb bstogdksmbi ebhibr rldbs kh tmb
alccuhkty movb oh kcpoat lh ylur pdohs tl rboam tmb pblpdb<
Ks kt kcplrtoht tl dborh wmot sbrvkabs wkdd cbbt iknnbrbht hbbis nlr
cbh, wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys<
Kn o grbost lr prlstotb aohabr biuaotklh aocpokeh ks pdohhbi, orb
plstbrs, gkddgloris ohi grlamurbs tmot ibsarkgb tmb kssubs bnnbatkvb
kn ;: pbrabht ln wlcbh aohhlt rboi gbaousb tmby tò b aorb ln tmb
mlcb ohi iki hlt ottbhi samlld< Lr, wmot kn tmb coflrkty ln cbh
kh tmot audturb his pugdka ikspdoy ln suam sbhsktkvb mbodtm-rbdotbi
cotbrkods lnnbhskvb, ohi tmby troiktklhoddy cò b odd ibaksklhs rbdotbi
tl tmbkr nockdkbs‛ mbodtmaorb<
1 Qbb odsl poebs 2?-2> kh tmbHbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht (ZIC) Cohuod PKAB Hl.
Y:?:5S nlr o ibsarkptklh ohi bxocpdb ln o ebhibr ohodysks cotrkx, amortkhe mlw o doreb prlfbat
lr scodd oatkvkty ckemt onnbat iknnbrbht erlups gosbi lh b̀y bdbcbhts, suam os boam erlup‛s
doglr, tkcb, rbslurabs ohi audturb kh rbdotklh tl tmb kssub uhibr iksaussklh.
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Il cbh ohi wlcbh ln slcb btmhka erlups trovbd bxtbhskvbdy ohi
ltmbrs il hlt< Il tmby movb iknnbrbht mbodtm rks̀ s, lr bheoeb kh
troiktklhod proatkabs tmot onnbat tmbkr mbodtm<
Mlw orb sbrvkabs prlvkibi< Nlr bxocpdb, aoh gltm cbh ohi wlcbh
gb trbotbi gy codb ilatlrs< Ilbs tmb adkhka lhdy oaabpt clhby os
poycbht< Uml ks rbsplhskgdb nlr nockdy hohabs<
Ymb alrb ZOAO bxbraksbs odsl prlvkib o struaturb nlr portkakpohts tl
bxprbss, ohodyzb, ohi uhibrstohi tmb hbbis ohi prklrktkbs ln iknnbrbhtalccuhkty erlups ohi cbcgbrs. Ymks bhmohabs alccuhkty cbcgbrs‛
alccuhkaotklh ohi ohodytka s̀ kdds, wmkam kharbosbs tmbkr aopoakty tl gb
oatkvb portkakpohts kh tmbkr lwh ibvbdlpcbht. Kt odsl mbdps bhsurb tmot o
ibvbdlpcbht prlfbat tmot gbhbts sbvbrod erlups wktmkh tmb alccuhkty
ilbs hlt hbeotkvbdy onnbat ltmbrs.
Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln mlw tmb nlur goska ZOAO tllds aoh
prlvkib tmb khnlrcotklh hbbibi nlr ebhibr ohodysks.
ALCCuhKY[
COZZKhE
Ymb alccuhkty cop aoh prlvkib khnlrcotklh lh ebhibr rldbs,ikvksklh ln doglr, oaabss ohi ebhibr hbbis. Ymks ks o vbry elli
woy tl kibhtkny6
wmot iknnbrbht erlups tmkh̀ orb dlaod ossbts ohi rbslurabs’
dkvbstlà , erokh stlroeb, aorts lr aors, coamkhbry, goh̀ s,
mlcbs, wllidlts, eross nlr wbovkhe, nluhirkbs, bta.
wmbrb pblpdb el kh tmb alccuhkty’kn iknnbrbht erlupsspbhi clst ln tmb ioy kh spbaka pdoabs, tmby coy irow tmlsb
ohi dbovb lnn dbssbr trovbdbi orbos ln tmb alccuhkty.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 7>)
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
7> Zboab Alrps
wmot iknnbrbht erlups lr pblpdb il kh tmb alccuhkty’
gukdikhes, bdis, rlois, amurambs, wotbr slurabs, bta.,’
wkdd lntbh gb rbprbsbhtbi iknnbrbhtdy lh cops arbotbi gy
iknnbrbht erlups kh wktmkh tmb socb alccuhkty ibpbhikhe
lh wml usbs tmlsb rbslurabs lr wlr s̀ kh tmlsb orbos ln tmb
alccuhkty kh hbbi ln ottbhtklh. Nlr bxocpdb, doà ln o
dlaod samlld lh o tbbhoeb ekrds‛ cop coy rbvbod tmot ekrds
orb hlt biuaotbi post o abrtokh oeb kh tmot alccuhkty,
ohi tmbrbnlrb tmb samlld ks hlt o prlckhbht nboturb kh
tmbkr dkvbs.
IOKD[
OAYKvKY[
QAmbIuDbQ
Ymks tlld prlvkibs khnlrcotklh lh ebhibr rldbs, ebhibr ikvksklh
ln doglr, oaabss ohi plwbr rbdotklhs, suam os6
lut-ln-samlld ibcohis lh ekrds‛ ohi glys‛ tkcb, ekvbh tmbkr
iknnbrbht sambiudbs ohi rbsplhskgkdktkbs.
wlcbh‛s ohi cbh‛s tkcb. Kn wlcbh‛s mlusbmldi amlrbsprbvbht tmbc nrlc ottbhikhe pdohhkhe cbbtkhes mbdi ot
spbaka tkcbs lr dlaotklhs, tmby wkdd hlt movb khput khtl
ibaksklh-cò khe prlabssbs. Kn cbh orb wlr̀ khe kh tmbkr
bdis iurkhe tmb ioy, tmby prlgogdy wlh‛t ottbhi o trokhkhe
lh rbpokrkhe tmb alccuhod wotbr pucp kn kt ks kh tmb cki-
clrhkhe.
mlw ldibr ohi yluhebr cbh ohi wlcbh nrlc iknnbrbht
btmhka erlups coy movb iknnbrbht rbsplhskgkdktkbs nlr
dkvbstlà , aronts, amkdiaorb, bdi wlr̀ , sodbs, lr ltmbr tos̀ s
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 72)
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 75)
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tmot cboh iknnbrbht oaabss tl rbslurabs ot spbaka tkcbslr pdoabs.
mlw amohekhe lhb erlup‛s iokdy rlutkhb aoh onnbat ohltmbr
erlup‛s rbsplhskgkdktkbs’khaduikhe kn wlcbh alddbat dlhe
eross, gut cbh wbovb kt nlr nbhakhe lr rlpb0 lr kn cbh
aotam tmb sm gut wlcbh adboh ohi prlabss tmbc0 lr kn
yluhe cbh mbri aottdb, gut ldibr wlcbh cò b ambbsb ohiguttbr nrlc tmbkr ckd̀ , wmot ilbs kt cboh tl tmb nockdy lr
alccuhkty tl kcprlvb lr ibarbosb tmb bnakbhay ln ohy
lhb erlup‛s wlr̀ <
QbOQLhOD
AODbhIOWQ
Ymbsb aoh gb usbi tl kibhtkny ebhibr rldbs, ikvksklh ln doglr
ohi oaabss. [bordy pottbrhs ln wlr̀ , rbslurab ovokdogkdkty ohi
wbotmbr khikaotb wmbh alccuhkty cbcgbrs ohi erlups movb
tkcb ovokdogdb tl portkakpotb kh trokhkhe lr ltmbr oatkvktkbs. Ymks
ks bspbakoddy trub kh rurod alccuhktkbs.
hbbIQ OQQbQQCbhY
OhI
ZWKLWKY[ WOh`KhE
Hbbis ossbsscbht ohi prklrkty roh̀ khe aoh prlvkib khnlrcotklh
lh plwbr rbdotklhs ohi ebhibr hbbis. Kh tmks alhtbxt, tmks ks
gltm tmb prlabss ln ibtbrckhkhe tmb ibskrbs, wohts, ohi hbbis
ln iknnbrbht erlups, ohi alckhe tlebtmbr tl dll̀ ot tmlsb hbbis
alddbatkvbdy ohi ossbss (lr roh̀ ) tmbkr dbvbd ln prklrkty kh tmb
erbotbr alccuhkty.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 7>)
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
7= Zboab Alrps
Umbh ZOAO tllds orb usbi tlebtmbr, tmby prlvkib tmb ioto hbabssory tl
alhiuat ebhibr ohodysks, rokskhe oworbhbss kh tmb alccuhkty ln ebhibr
alhskibrotklhs kh ohy ibaksklhs. Ymks rbsudts kh clrb sustokhogdb ohi
bnnbatkvb lutalcbs tmot cbbt tmb hbbis ln odd alccuhkty cbcgbrs.
Qccory
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ opprloam tl
ibvbdlpcbht khvldvbs wlr̀ -khe ikrbatdy wktm dlaod khik-
vkiuods, sbrvkab prlvkibrs,
lreohkzotklhs ohi alccuhk-
tkbs tl mbdp tmbc gukdi tmb
aopoakty tl kcprlvb tmbkr
lwh dkvbs. Gy wlr̀ khe wktmkh
o mucoh aopoakty-gukdikhenrocbwlr̀ , tmb s̀ kdds, ̀ hlw-
dbieb ohi uhibrstohikhe
ln ovokdogdb strbhetms ohi
rbslurabs stoy wktmkh tmb
alccuhkty, cò khe aurrbht
ohi nuturb ibvbdlpcbht clrb
sustokhogdb.
Ebhibr rldbs orb slakoddy alhstruatbi, audturb-gosbi rkemts, rbsplh-
skgkdktkbs, bxpbatotklhs ohi rbslurabs wktmkh nockdkbs ohi alccuhktkbs
tmot coy vory erbotdy gy oeb, sbx, khalcb dbvbd, btmhkakty, rbdkeklh
ohi cohy ltmbr noatlrs. Ymbsb rldbs rbsudt kh iknnbrkhe dbvbds ln plwbr
ohi oaabss tl cohy lpplrtuhktkbs, noakdktkbs, biuaotklh ohi gbhbts
nlr pblpdb wktmkh o alccuhkty. Zortkakpotlry prlabssbs, suam osZWO ohi WWO wbrb ibvbdlpbi lvbr tkcb tl prlvkib dbss khtruskvb
tllds nlr eotmbrkhe, smorkhe ohi tò khe tmot khnlrcotklh khtl oaaluht
kh pdohhkhe, alhiuatkhe ohi bvoduotkhe prlfbats. Ymb Zboab Alrps
ibvbdlpbi ZOAO gosbi lh tmbsb bordkbr cbtmlis tl prlcltb wlr̀ khe
wktm odd erlups kh tmb alccuhkty, tl bhsurb tmot smorkhe ohi ohodysks
K Dsltl
Ebhibr ohodysks ohi usb
ln ZOAO tllds (b.e., ossbt
coppkhe, alccuhkty coppkhe,
ohi ebhibr ohi ibvbdlpcbht
kssubs) orb alvbrbi kh prb-
sbrvkab trokhkhe tl bhmohab
^lduhtbbr oatkvktkbs. Gbttbr
noakdktotklh ln alccuhkty
opprloambs wktm ^lduhtbbrs ohi
ibbpbr khvldvbcbht wktm tmbkr
alccuhktkbs wbrb kibhtkbi
os rbsudts ln tmks ZOAO trokhkhe
iurkhe prb-sbrvkab trokhkhe.
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7;
ln khnlrcotklh wos ilhb wktm ohi oclhe tmbsb erlups, ohi tl utkdkzb
plsktkvb opprloambs tl kibhtkny dlaod rbslurabs ohi strbhetms tl supplrt
ibvbdlpcbht bnnlrts.
Y Zoa Alrps‛ Arktrkonlr Qtrle Zrlfats
(sbatlr-gosbi prlfbats tl wmkam ^lduhtbbrs orb osskehbi)
Ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ ?: arktbrko nlr strlhe prlfbats ( Zrleroc ckhe
ohi Yrokhkhe Gll`dbt Lhb6 Ymb Goskas, KAB Hl. Y:??1), ZOAO
ikrbatdy oiirbssbs tmb rst vb ohi khubhabs clst ltmbrs6
?. Kharbosbs dlaod aopoakty.
7. Qtrkvbs tl oiirbss bxprbssbi hbbis ln tmlsb wml movb dkcktbi
oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi lpplrtuhktkbs.
1. Qbb`s sustokhogdb rbsudts tmot alcpdbcbht ltmbr ibvbdlpcbht
bnnlrts.
9. Mos dlaod portkakpohts os porthbrs kh ibvbdlpkhe, kcpdb-
cbhtkhe, ohi ossbsskhe tmb prlfbat.
2. Alhskibrs ebhibr rbdotklhsmkps ohi prlcltbs wlcbh‛s
portkakpotklh tl kharbosb tmbkr stotus ohi lpplrtuhktkbs.
>. Zdoabs ^lduhtbbrs ot tmb dlaod dbvbd wmbrb hbbis laaur.
5. Ilbs hlt ikspdoab quodkbi ohi ovokdogdb dlaod wlr`brs wktm
^lduhtbbrs.
=. Rsbs tmb typbs ohi hucgbrs ln ̂ lduhtbbrs tmot orb alhskstbht
wktm ovokdogdb oppdkaohts.
;. Mos dlaod Zboab Alrps stonn ohi rbslurabs tl trokh ohi supplrt
^lduhtbbrs tl alcpdbtb tmbkr osskehcbhts suaabssnuddy.
?:. Mos mlst oebhakbs ohi alccuhktkbs os porthbrs tmot supplrt
tmb prlfbat ohi tmb ^lduhtbbrs.
Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
1: Zboab Alrps
Ymb nlur prkcory ZOAO tllds orb alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy oatkvkty
sambiudbs, sboslhod aodbhior ohi hbbis ohodysks/prklrkty roh̀ khe. Ymbsb
tllds coy gb usbi tlebtmbr lr khikvkiuoddy gosbi lh tmb sktuotklh, wmkam
wkdd gb ibsarkgbi kh clrb ibptm kh tmb nlddlwkhe amoptbr.
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1?
Aoptr 7 Uot or tAlr ZOAO Yllds<
ZOAO usbs nlur goska tllds
irowh nrlc ltmbr portkakpo-tlry opprloambs. Ymks ilbs
hlt kcpdy tmot tmbsb orb tmb
lhdy tllds tmot aoh gb usbi tl
nlaus ottbhtklh lh sugerlups
suam os sbx, oeb, btmhkakty,
ohi wktm tmb ohodysks ilhb
gy tmb alccuhkty cbcgbrstmbcsbdvbs. Lhab ̂ lduhtbbrs
orb nockdkor wktm tmb prlabss
ln uskhe tllds kh tmks cohhbr,
tmby aoh sbdbat ohi usb ltmbr
tllds kh skckdor woys (sbb
amoptbr skx).
AlccktyCoppke
Alccuhkty coppkhe ks oh bnnbatkvb woy tl dlaotb iknnbrbht spmbrbs
ln oatkvkty lvbr tmb dohisaopb. Kt aoh gb usbi kh vorklus sbttkhes tl
dlaotb aurrbht rbslurabs, oatkvkty abhtbrs, khstktutklhs, ohi ltmbr orbos
nrbqubhtbi gy tmb erlups ibvbdlpkhe tmb cop. Kt aoh gb usbi kh scodd
ebleropmkaod alccuhktkbs, hbkemglrmllis ln dorebr aktkbs, wlr̀ pdoabs,
trokhkhe abhtbrs, adossrllcs, ohi lreohkzotklhs. Kt mbdps tl kibhtkny
iknnbrbhabs kh pbrabptklh, hbbis, oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi plwbr abhtbrs,
K Yokdoi
Cohy ^lduhtbbrs movb usbi
alccuhkty coppkhe wktm dlaod
porthbrs tl survby tmb tlwh
lr vkddoeb kh wmkam tmby dkvb,
ohi tl bstogdksm rbdotklhsmkps
wktm dlaod dboibrs ohi ltmbrs.
Ymbsb alhtoats odsl grkhe dlaod
wksilc, mkstlry ohi audturb khtl
tmb adossrllc.
Hltb6 Zoebs ?7-7: ln Alccuhkty
Alhtbht-Gosbi Khstruatklh Cohuod (KAB
Hl. Y:??7) oiirbss tmb khtbrsbatklh ln
ZOAO ohi AAGK. O socpdb ZOAO trokhkhe
sbssklh gbekhs lh poeb 52 ln tmb socb
gll` ohi nurtmbr alhhbats ZOAO ohi
AAGK nlr biuaotklh ^lduhtbbrs.
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
17 Zboab Alrps
ohi sl lh. Ymb sbttkhe ohi tmb sugerlups (cbh, wlcbh, glys, ekrds,
cohoebrs, bta.) khvldvbi wkdd hbabssktotb vorkotklhs kh tmb khstruatklh,
tmb vksuodkzotklh, ohi tmb ibgrkbhe.
Lhab tmb cops orb irowh, oiiktklhod khstruatklhs aoh gb ekvbh tl
bhmohab tmb khnlrcotklh. Nlr bxocpdb, alccuhkty cbcgbrs coy gb
os̀ bi tl khikaotb pdoabs tmby nrbqubht iokdy, wbb̀ dy, dbss lntbh0 pdoabs
tmby dk̀ b tl gb ohi tmlsb tmby iksdk̀ b0 wmot tmby wludi dk̀ b tl movb tmot
ks hlt tmbrb (clrb dohi, samlld, adkhka, stlrb, trohsplrtotklh, rbpokrbi
rlois, ohi sl lh). Lreohkzotklhod cops ckemt khaduib dlaotklhs lnsbrvkabs, abhtbrs ln ibaksklh-cò khe ohi plwbr, ohi sl lh.
Ontbr sugerlups movb alcpdbtbi tmbkr cops, tmby orb ikspdoybi ohi
boam erlup bxpdokhs kts cop. Cudtkpdb cops prlvkib o clrb alcpdbtb
pkaturb ln tmb —alccuhkty,– os boam pbrspbatkvb oiis tl tmb wmldb.
Ymb iksaussklh ln tmb cops aoh dboi tl kibhtkaotklh ln kssubs tl gb
oiirbssbi, pltbhtkod prlfbats tl uhibrtò b, lr skcpdy o gosbdkhb nlr
cbosurkhe tmb kcpoat ln nuturb oatkvktkbs.
Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln alccuhkty coppkhe usbi kh vorklus
sbttkhes…
Wurod Alccuhktkbs
Kh o alccuhkty khZoroeuoy, cbh‛s alhabrh oglut movkhe prlpbrtytl poss lh tl tmbkr amkdirbh wos rbbatbi kh tmb lgdlhe pkbabs ln
norckhe dohi tmby irbw, wktm tmb hucgbr ln sugikvksklhs nlr tmbkr
amkdirbh. Ulcbh irbw kh ibtokd tmb orbo orluhi tmbkr mlcbs, ltmbr
struaturbs kh tmbkr tlwh, ohi tmb cokh rloi lut ln tlwh, wmkam,
oclhe ltmbr pdoabs, dboi tl tmb hborbst sbalhiory samlld. Ymb iksaus-
sklh rbvbodbi lhdy glys wbrb oddlwbi tl trovbd tl tmb sbalhiory
samlld, sl ekrds‛ biuaotklh stlppbi ontbr prkcory samlld.
Kh o tlwh khQurkhocb ibstrlybi gy akvkd wor, alccuhkty cbcgbrs
irbw o aurrbht cop wktm tmb khtbhtklh ln alcporkhe kt tl o cop
ln tmb nlrcbr tlwh tl ibakib wmot tl rbpdoab ohi tmb dlaotklh ln
nuturb struaturbs.
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Aktkbs
Kh o tlwh kh Euyoho, cbh,wlcbh, ohi ekrds nlrcbi
sugerlups tl cop tmbkr alc-
cuhkty. Ymbrb wbrb lhdy vb
cbh, gut tmby rbprbsbhtbi
sbvbrod iknnbrbht btmhka
erlups. Ymbkr coppkhe bxpbr-
kbhab, kh tmb wlris ln lhbcoh, —wos tmb clst kcplrtoht
tmkhe mb moi bvbr ilhb.– Ymby
dborhbi tmb hocbs ln strbbts
kh tmb port ln tlwh wmbrb
ltmbr btmhka erlups dkvbi,
irbw kh gukdikhes ohi ltmbr
rbprbsbhtotklhs tmby prbvklus-dy moi hlt `hlwh oglut, ohi
rbvbodbi tmbkr lwh pottbrhs ln
usb ln, ohi ottktuibs tlworis,
khstktutklhs kh tmbkr tlwh. Ymb
pkaturb ln tmb tlwh gbaocb clrb alcpdbtb wktm tmb smorkhe ln tmb
cops ln tmb wlcbh ohi ekrds.
Glys‛ ohi ekrds‛ cops kh tmb @yreyz Wbpugdka rbvbodbi tmbkr iknnbrbht
pbrabptklhs ln tmb orbos wktmkh tmbkr mlcbs-tl-samlld roikus. Ymb
glys irbw o vbry struaturbi cop, wmkdb tmb ekrds vksuodkzbi tmbkr
dkvbs kh clrb vorkbi woys. Ymbkr iknnbrbhabs lpbhbi amohhbds nlr
alccuhkaotkhe tmbkr khtbrbsts, alhabrhs, ohi hbbis.
Ulr` Qktbs
Umbh bcpdlybbs kh Bauoilr coppbi tmbkr trokhkhe abhtbr, tmb cops
smlwbi iknnbrbht orbos ln oatkvktkbs ohi vbry iknnbrbht pbrabptklhs
gbtwbbh tmb cbh ohi wlcbh oglut tmbkr nrbqubhay kh, ohi bvbh
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds<
K tIlckkao Wpgdka
Os o rbsudt ln uskhe ZOAO,
^lduhtbbrs movb bhmohabi
`hlwdbieb ohi s`kdds kh6
alccuhkty ikoehlstkas0
prlfbat pdohhkhe0 nboskgkdkty
stuikbs0 alccuhkty coppkhe0
ohi strbhetm, wbo`hbss,
lpplrtuhktkbs, tmrbots (QULY)
ohodysks. Ymby odsl movb
kharbosbi tmbkr uhibrstohikhe
ln tmb kcplrtohab ln
ossbsscbht gbnlrb gbekhhkhe
tl wlr` lr bheoeb kh o
ibvbdlpcbht prlfbat.
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
19 Zboab Alrps
rkemts tl gb kh, abrtokh dlaotklhs, suam os abhtbrs ln plwbr ohi
rbarbotklh orbos.
Kh o trokhkhe bxbraksb wktm iksostbr prbvbhtklh ohi rbalvbry bxpbrts
ohi wlr̀ brs ot o mltbd alcpdbx kh sugurgoh Dkco, Zbru, gltm
erlups wbrb os̀ bi tl alhstruat o —vudhbrogkdkty cop– kh lribr tl
kharbosb prbporbihbss nlr oh bortmquò b lr dohisdkib. Ymb kibo ln
suam o cop wos tl stort wktm ebleropmka ohi pmyskaod dohicor̀ s
ohi tmbh kibhtkny gltm pltbhtkod mozoris (b.e., hlh-bortmquò b
rbskstoht struaturbs) ohi tmb aopoaktkbs lr ossbts tmot wludi gbovokdogdb kh tmb bvbht ln o iksostbr (b.e., wotbr suppdy, ebhbrotlrs,
gottbrkbs, bta.). Ymb mltbd wlr̀ brs (khaduikhe cohoebrs, aotbrkhe
stonn, mlusb̀ bbpkhe ohi erluhis stonn) alcpdbtbi o alcpdbx cop
tmot moi erbot ibtokd oglut tmb sbrvkab orbos ln tmb mltbd, khaduikhe
uhibrerluhi stlroeb orbos, gut nokdbi tl smlw bvbh o skhedb eubst
rllc. Ymb iksostbr bxpbrts‛ cop, lh tmb ltmbr mohi, smlwbi
khtrkaotb ibtokd oglut tmb eubst rllcs ohi slakod orbos ln tmb mltbd. Ymb strk k̀he alhtrost gbtwbbh tmb cops stkcudotbi oh khtbrbstkhe
iksaussklh oglut tmb hbbi tl uhibrstohi odd rks̀ s ohi aopoaktkbs tl
gbst prbporb nlr hoturod iksostbrs.
Qamllds
Zblpdb kh Qlutm Onrkao usbi alccuhkty coppkhe tl uhibrstohi
dlaod samllds‛ ohi alccuhktkbs‛ strbhetms ohi tmb amoddbhebs tmby
noabi. O ikvbrsb erlup ln alccuhkty cbcgbrs aocb tlebtmbr,
cohy nlr tmb rst tkcb, tl portkakpotb kh tmb coppkhe oatkvkty.
Qamlld stonn ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs, portkaudordy tmlsb nrlc
tmb samlld elvbrhkhe glikbs, gbeoh tl ortkaudotb tmb ckssklh
ohi vksklh stotbcbhts nlr tmb samllds, ibhb tmbkr smorbi rbsplh-
skgkdktkbs, ohi ibvbdlp wlr̀ pdohs. Alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht
alcckttbbs wbrb arbotbi, wktm cbcgbrs ln tmb samllds ohi tmb
alccuhktkbs rbprbsbhtbi.
Kh @ozò mstoh, alccuhkty cops wbrb usbi os opproksod tllds tl
prlvkib shopsmlts ln tmb stuibhts‛ ohi alccuhktkbs‛ iokdy alhabrhs.
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Cops odsl prlvkibi tmb stortkhe plkht nlr o ikodleub wktm stuibhts
oglut tmbkr pbrabptklhs ln ohi ospkrotklhs nlr tmbkr alccuhktkbs. Ymb
purplsb ln uskhe tmb cops wos tl bxpdlrb tmb typbs ln khnlrcotklh
tmot bcbreb kh o alccuhkty coppkhe oatkvkty ohi tl prlvkib
bxocpdbs ln qubstklhs tmot orb mbdpnud kh prlabsskhe o alccuhkty
cop. Os o rbsudt ln tmb coppkhe bxbraksb, kt wos iksalvbrbi tmot tmb
stuibhts wbrb alhabrhbi oglut tmbkr rbdotklhsmkps ohi cohy wbrb
sunnbrkhe nrlc sbdn-bstbbc kssubs.
Lreohkzotklhs (Guskhbssbs)
Os o rbsudt ln o alccuhkty coppkhe bxbraksb khQdlvò ko, o dlaod
hlhelvbrhcbhtod lreohkzotklh wos os̀ bi tl portkakpotb kh o pkdlt
prlfbat cohoebi gy tmb Qdlvò Ckhkstry ln tmb Bhvkrlhcbht. Ymb
purplsb ln tmb pkdlt prlfbat wos tl kharbosb pugdka portkakpotklh
kh dohi-usb pdohhkhe skhab nbw aktkzbhs oatuoddy portkakpotbi kh
pugdka mborkhes ohi alhsbqubhtdy iki hlt portkakpotb kh dlaod tlwhohi dohi-usb pdohhkhe. Ymks pkdlt prlfbat rbprbsbhtbi o porthbrsmkp
gbtwbbh o dlaod lreohkzotklh ohi tmb Oebhay nlr tmb Bhvkrlhcbht
wml wkdd cohoeb tmb prlfbat nlr tmb Ckhkstry.
KhQlutm Onrkao, cohy alccuhktkbs wmbrb Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs
dkvb nlrcbi alcckttbbs ohi usbi coppkhe os port ln tmb trokhkhe.
Gltm hbw ohi bxkstkhe alcckttbbs kcprlvbi cohoebcbht s̀ kdds,kharbosbi cbcgbrsmkp, ohi nlrebi hbw dkh̀ s wktm alccuhkty
ohi hotklhod rbslurabs (suam os wktm elvbrhcbht ckhkstrkbs, dlaod
alccuhkty-gosbi lreohkzotklhs, hlhprlts, guskhbssbs, ltmbr
alcckttbbs, ohi ilhlrs). Kh odd khstohabs, alcckttbbs eokhbi
khskemts khtl tmbkr ogkdkty tl kibhtkny ohi rbsldvb alccuhkty
prlgdbcs os oh odtbrhotkvb tl woktkhe nlr lutskib osskstohab.
Kh Zoroeuoy, tboambrs usb alccuhkty ohodysks ohi coppkhe khporbhts‛ cbbtkhes ohi adossrllcs. Qtuibhts bhfly movkhe o erbotbr
vlkab tmrluem portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO). Lrkekhoddy,
tboambrs trkbi tl ikrbat tmb portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs tlworis tmb rbsudts
tmot tmby wohtbi tl sbb. Hlw, tmby movb rbodkzbi tmb vodub ln mborkhe
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
1> Zboab Alrps
wmot tmb portkakpohts woht tl soy ohi dkstbhkhe tl tmb sldutklhs tmot
orb prlplsbi.
Qocpd Alcckty Cop
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Qoslod
AodiorsQboslhod aodbhiors troab sboslhod vorkotklhs kh doglr oatkvktkbs, khalcb
lw, ohi bxpbhikturb pottbrhs, oclhe ltmbr tmkhes. Ymby aoh odsl
khaduib6 wbotmbr pottbrhs0 arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh0 ohkcod ohi
pdoht iksbosbs0 ayadkaod rbslurab ovokdogkdkty0 mucoh mbodtm pottbrhs0 ohi
slakod lgdkeotklhs ohi bvbhts. Cohy mlusbmldis bxpbrkbhab pbrklis ln
balhlcka lr ltmbr strbssbs, ohi tmbsb vorkotklhs coy movb iknnbrbhtkod
kcpoats lh pblpdb gosbi lh sbx, oeb, ohi ltmbr amoroatbrkstkas.
Alccuhkty cbcgbrs orb ikvkibi khtl sugerlups, os opprlprkotb, ohi
boam erlup ibvbdlps kts lwh sboslhod aodbhior. Ymb noakdktotlr sueebsts
wmot tl khaduib ibpbhikhe lh tmb purplsb ln tmb erlups‛ bxbraksb.
Odd sugerlups plst ohi ibsarkgb tmbkr aodbhiors tl arbotb o gbttbr
uhibrstohikhe ln tmb ybor nrlc bvbrylhb‛s pbrspbatkvb.
Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln sboslhod aodbhiors usbi kh vorklus
sbttkhes…
Ot o wlr̀ smlp kh Uosmkhetlh, I.A., eroiuotb stuibhts wbrb
os̀ bi tl alhstruat o sboslhod aodbhior cbosurkhe sdbbp ibprkvotklh
iurkhe iknnbrbht tkcbs ln tmb oaoibcka aodbhior. Ymby arbotbi o
aodbhior tmot rbvbodbi tmb dbost sdbbp laaurrbi iurkhe cki-tbrcs,
hods, ohi smlrtdy gbnlrb eroiuotklh. Ymbh, portkakpohts alcporbitmbkr aodbhiors wktm iksostbr bvbht aodbhiors prbporbi gy tmb
Hotklhod Labohka ohi Otclspmbrka Oebhay (HLOO) wmkam prbikat
shlwstlrcs, kab stlrcs, tlrhoilbs, ohi sbvbrb tmuhibrstlrcs.
Zortkakpohts wbrb tmbh ogdb tl kibhtkny wmkam iksostbrs wbrb clst
dk̀ bdy tl onnbat tmbc ot prbaksbdy tmb tkcb tmby orb dbost prbporbi
tl rbsplhi. Ymby sugsbqubhtdy coib rbalccbhiotklhs tl tmbkr
uhkvbrskty‛s oickhkstrotklh oglut mlw tmb iksostbr prbporbihbsslnab lh aocpus ckemt rbsplhi. (Qkckdor aodbhiors aludi gb
ibvbdlpbi kh alccuhktkbs vudhbrogdb tl hoturod iksostbrs.)
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
1= Zboab Alrps
Kh o alccuhkty wlr̀ smlp kh Hockgko, o wlcbh‛s arbikt erlup
alcpdbtbi o sboslhod aodbhior kh lribr tl oiirbss nlli sbaurkty ohitmb pltbhtkod nlr tmb hoturod iksostbr ln irluemt. Ymb aodbhior gbeoh
wktm tmb clhtm ln tmb smlrt rokhs, gbaousb tmot ks tmb gbekhhkhe ln
tmb oerkaudturod ayadb. Zortkakpohts rbalribi usuod wbotmbr pottbrhs,
arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh, ohi pottbrhs ln doglr ckerotklh lh
tmbkr aodbhiors. Ontbr alcpdbtkhe tmb ohodysks, tmb wlcbh rbodkzbi
tmot twl clhtms ln tmb ybor wbrb portkaudordy strbssnud nlr clst
nockdkbs iub tl dlw rokhnodd, dlw arlp prliuatklh, ohi mkem dbvbdsln codb ckerotklh tl Qlutm Onrkao nlr ckhkhe flgs. Ymby ibakibi
tmot tmbsb clhtms wludi gb tmb clst opprlprkotb tl rbabkvb nlli
oki lr hbw ckarl-arbikt dlohs ohi tmb wlrst tkcb tl bxpbat wlcbh
tl poy goà dlohs.
Ymb Yur̀ cbhkstoh wlcbh‛s tboamkhe aodbhior (sbb aodbhior
lh poeb 1;) rbvbodbi tmbkr cudtkpdb tos̀ s’kh samlld ohi lut’
tmrluemlut tmb sboslh. Kt prlvkibi tmb biuaotklh l̂duhtbbrs ohitboambrs o nlruc nlr iksausskhe tmb gbst tkcbs nlr kh-sbrvkab trokhkhe
ohi plsskgdb succbr prlfbats nlr tmb ̂ lduhtbbrs.
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1;
Nker 7. Qoslod Aodior ‑ Yrcksto
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
9: Zboab Alrps
Iokdy Oatkkty
Qaids Ymb alhstruatklh ln iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs prlvkibs khnlrcotklh lh
bxoatdy wmot khikvkiuods ohi erlups il tmrluemlut boam ioy’wmkam
lntbh smlws iknnbrbhabs gy oeb, ebhibr, laaupotklh, ohi sl lh. Clst
mlusbmldis movb wbb̀ dy ohi sboslhod vorkotklhs kh tos̀ s, ohi sambiudbs
nlr iknnbrbht tkcbs ln ybor coy gb hbbibi tl ebt o alcprbmbhskvb
pkaturb. Ymks khnlrcotklh coy gb kcplrtoht wmbh ibtbrckhkhe wml
hbbis trokhkhe nlr o portkaudor prlfbat, wmbh kh tmb ioy (lr sboslh)
cbbtkhes ohi trokhkhe bvbhts aoh tò b pdoab, wmot typb ln doglr-sovkhe
khtbrvbhtklhs ckemt gb plsskgdb, ohi mlw amohebs ckemt kcpoat
iknnbrbht nockdkbs ohi nockdy cbcgbrs.
Alccuhkty cbcgbrs wlr̀ kh sugerlups, os opprlprkotb. Ymb sugerlups
ibvbdlp typkaod iokdy sambiudbs nlr iknnbrbht pbrklis6 tboambrs ohi
stuibhts iurkhe tmb samlld ybor ohi voaotklh0 oerkaudturod nockdkbsiurkhe iknnbrbht plrtklhs ln tmb pdohtkhe, erlwkhe, ohi morvbstkhe
sboslhs0 guskhbssbs iurkhe iknnbrbht tkcbs ln tmb ybor. Kn portkakpohts
orb wlr̀ khe kh sbx-iksoeerbeotbi erlups, tmby ckemt try ohi arbotb
tmb iokdy sambiudb ln tmb ltmbr erlup. Qugerlups smorb tmbkr wlr̀
wktm boam ltmbr.
Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs usbi kh vorklussbttkhes…
O alccuhkty khReohio usbi iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs tl kibhtkny,
ohodyzb ohi oiirbss sbxuod proatkabs tmot put pblpdb ot rks̀ ln MK^
khnbatklh. Ymb iokdy oatkvktkbs rbvbodbi tmot cbh movb o nokr ocluht
ln dbksurb tkcb kh wmkam tmby aoh ohi il bheoeb kh rks̀ y gbmovklrs
ohi tmot wlcbh movb o iksprlplrtklhotb guribh ln wlr̀ . Ymks dbi
tl o erluhigrbò khe iksaussklh gbtwbbh tmb cbh ohi wlcbh oglutwlr̀ dlois ohi sbxuod alhiuat tmot onnbatbi tmbkr nockdkbs‛ mbodtm
ohi wbdnorb.
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9?
Rppbr bdbcbhtory samlld glys ohi ekrds khEuyoho arbotbi iokdy
oatkvkty sambiudbs nlr o samlld ioy ohi o wbb̀ bhi ioy. O alcporkslh
ln tmbkr sambiudbs smlwbi tmb doreb ocluht ln mlusbmldi amlrbs
ekrds moi alcporbi tl glys. O iksaussklh oglut o clrb bquktogdb
smorkhe ln mlusbmldi rbsplhskgkdktkbs dbi glys tl kibhtkny sbvbrod
tos̀ s tmot tmby aludi boskdy il.
Bcpdlybbs ln oh lreohkzotklh kh ohurgoh orbo ikvkibi khtl erlups
ln cbh ohi wlcbh tl alcpdbtb iokdy sambiudbs ln o wlr̀ ioy.
Ymbkr iksaussklh ohi socpdb sambiudbs smlwbi vbry iknnbrbht nlausorbos. Ymb cbh‛s sambiudb smlwbi clrb ibtokd ln wlr̀ tos̀ s, ohi
tmb wlcbh‛s sambiudb rbvbodbi tmb usb ln tkcb gbnlrb wlr̀ , iurkhe
duham pbrklis, ohi tmrluemlut bvbhkhes nlr nockdy tos̀ s dk̀ b smlp-
pkhe, wosmkhe adltmbs, all̀ khe cbods ohi ltmbr oatkvktkbs.
Nker 1. Qocpd Iokdy Oatkkty Qaid
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds<
DoAlsto
Ioy6 Ulcoh OC 96:: Ebt up
Qwbbp `ktambh ohi rllcs
Qtort rb
Uosm ohi irbss
961: Alddbat wotbr nlr ioy
Zut wotbr lh nlr alnnbb
26:: Zrbporb grbo`nost ohi duham
261: Qbrvb grbo`nost
Qtort irykhe sm
>6:: Ebt amkdirbh up
Uosm, irbss, ohi nbbi amkdirbh (Amkdirbh alddbat bees)
Hllh ?76:: Wbturh mlcb
Movb duham ohi hop
ZC 76:: Alddbat rbwlli
16:: Cbbt smkhe glots
Aorry sm mlcb
96:: Qtort prbporkhe ikhhbr
Adboh sm
Qodt lr stort irykhe sm
>6:: Qbrvb ikhhbr
Adboh-up ikhhbr Il mohiwlr`, cbhi adltmbs,
wmkdb dkstbhkhe tl hbws
;6:: Qmlwbr
;61: El tl gbi
DoAlsto
Ioy6 Coh OC 26:: Ebt up ohi irbss
Alddbat tllds/smkhe
bqukpcbht
261: Bot grbo`nost
>6:: Amba` hbts, prbporb/rbpokr
glots
Amba`/cbhi sokds
Yo`b duham
El smkhe
ZC 16:: Wbturh nrlc smkhe
Qbdd bxabss sm Adboh-up glots, hbts
Zut owoy bqukpcbht
26:: Qmlwbr ohi irbss
Cbbt wktm ltmbr cbh
>6:: Wbturh mlcb nlr ikhhbr
Adboh-up ikhhbr
Dkstbh tl lr wotam hbws
;61: El tl gbi
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
97 Zboab Alrps
his
OssssctAlcpdbtkhe o hbbis ossbsscbht, lr oh ohodysks ln tmbkr sktuotklh, mbdps
alccuhkty cbcgbrs kibhtkny tmbkr ibskrbs, hbbis, lr prlgdbcs ohi
roh ̀tmbc kh lribr ln
prklrkty. O dkst ln kssubs
coy gb ibvbdlpbi nrlc
o iksaussklh lr nrlc
ohodyzkhe tmb rbsudts ln
uskhe ltmbr tllds, suam
os alccuhkty coppkhe
lr sboslhod aodbhiors. Zrklrktkzbi dksts arbotbi gy iknnbrbht sugerlups
orb kcplrtoht, os tmbsb dksts wkdd rbbat boam erlup‛s lwh tos̀ s ohi
pbrspbatkvbs. Ymb dksts orb tmbh prbsbhtbi tl tmb wmldb erlup. Os o
doreb erlup, alccuhkty cbcgbrs rboam o alhsbhsus lh tmb wmldb
erlup‛s alddbatkvb prklrktkbs.
Iksaussklh ln ktbcs lh tmb dkst dbois tl gbttbr uhibrstohikhe ln tmb
strbssbs lh cbh, wlcbh, ylutm, ohi ltmbr sugerlups wktmkh tmb
alccuhkty. Dll̀ khe nlr alcclh hbbis, lr prklrktkzkhe odd dksts, aoh
mbdp tl khspkrb oatklh lh ktbcs ln kcplrtohab nlr bvbrylhb.
Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln hbbis ossbsscbhts usbi kh vorklussbttkhes…
Kh tmb ontbrcotm ln Murrkaohb Cktam khAbhtrod Ocbrkao, o vorkbty
ln portkakpotlry hbbis ossbsscbhts wbrb alcpdbtbi gy HELs
wlr̀ khe kh sbvbrod aluhtrkbs. Rskhe iknnbrbht portkakpotlry cbtmlis
ohi wlr̀ khe wktm o vorkbty ln sugerlups nrlc oarlss tmb rbeklh,
o roheb ln slakod erlups wbrb kibhtkbi tmot wbrb portkaudordy
vudhbrogdb tl tmb iksostbr. Quam erlups khaduibi6 tmb hlh-dktbrotbgbaousb tmby wbrb uhogdb tl rboi bordy-worhkhe ohhluhabcbhts
ohi khstruatklhs kh tbcplrory smbdtbrs0 scodd oerkaudturod prliuabrs
gbaousb tmby wbrb iksprlplrtklhotbdy dlaotbi lh brlibi mkddskibs ohi
clst dlst tmbkr —khsurohab– kh tmb nlrc ln sbbis ohi kcpdbcbhts0
Dll`khe nlr alcclh hbbis, lr
prklrktkzkhe odd dksts, aoh mbdp tl
khspkrb oatklh lh ktbcs lnkcplrtohab nlr bvbrylhb.
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strbbt amkdirbh kh urgoh abh-
tbrs skhab tmby wbrb hlt
oaalccliotbi kh smbdtbrs0
nbcodb-mboibi mlusbmldis,
wmkam orb clrb dk b̀dy tl dlsb
mlusbmldi ossbts ohi orb
sdlwbr tl rbturh tl balhlcka
prliuatkvkty0 ohi khikebhlus
pblpdbs iub tl dkheukstka
ohi audturod alccuhkaotklh
gorrkbrs. Ymb alcpdbtklh ln
tmks hbbis ossbsscbht dbi tl
gbttbr torebtkhe ln iksostbr
rbsplhsb ohi gbttbr ibvbdlp-
cbht pdohhkhe tl oiirbss tmb
rllt aousbs ln slakod vudhbro-
gkdkty tl iksostbr.
Nlddlwkhe wor kh Clzoc-
gkqub, cohy rbnuebbs rb-
turhbi tl tmbkr vkddoebs tl
gbekh tmb prlabss ln rbgukdi-
khe tmbkr alccuhktkbs. Ymb
cbcgbrs ln lhb alccuhktyusbi o —hbbis cotrkx– tl
prklrktkzb tmb alccuhkty‛s
clst urebht hbbis nlr nlli,
wotbr ohi cbikakhb.
Irluemt cktkeotklh
odsl wos oiirbssbi,
os tmks wos oirluemt-strbssbi
orbo.
K Gdkz
Bcpmosks lh kibhtknykhe ohi
ossbsskhe o alccuhkty‛s
strbhetms khstboi ln kts
wbo`hbssbs gbttbr bhogdbs
^lduhtbbrs tl bstogdksm
plsktkvb dkh`oebs wktm tmbkr
alccuhktkbs. Ymks opprloam
mos kcprlvbi ottktuibs ohi
rbdotklhsmkps tmot sbrvb
gltm tmb alccuhkty ohi tmb
^lduhtbbr kh ibvbdlpkhe ohi
kcpdbcbhtkhe sustokhogdb
prlfbats tmot cbbt rbod hbbis
kibhtkbi gy tmb alccuhkty.
O nlaus lh portkakpotlry
proatkabs odsl oddlws nlr
ebhibr-sbhsktkvb alccuhkty
hbbis ossbsscbht ohi
khvktbs ylutm tl vlkab tmbkr
alhabrhs ohi bxprbss uhkqub
woys tl portkakpotb ohi to`b
lwhbrsmkp kh bhvkrlhcbhtod
prlerocs.
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
99 Zboab Alrps
Kh o alccuhkty khBauoilr, erlups ln cbh ohi wlcbh wlr̀ khe
sbporotbdy roh̀ bi pbrabkvbi prlgdbc orbos iknnbrbhtdy. Umbh sbbh
tlebtmbr, tmb dksts sbbcbi cutuoddy bxaduskvb. Nlr bxocpdb, wlcbh
hltbi oaabss tl wotbr os o prlgdbc, gut cbh iki hlt. O iksaussklh
rbvbodbi tmot wlcbh wbrb rbsplhskgdb nlr tò khe tmb dkvbstlà tl
wotbr ohi nlr moudkhe wotbr goà tl tmbkr mlusbmldis. Cbh moi hl
ikrbat rbsplhskgkdktkbs nlr wotbr kh tmks alccuhkty ohi tmbrbnlrb
moi hlt nlausbi lh wotbr-rbdotbi prlgdbcs.
Kcoekhb ylu orb ot o wlr`smlp ohi
prklrktkzkhe ylur erlup‛s hbbis. Ymb
dkst aludi gb ibprbsskhe kn cohy ln
tmb amoddbhebs sbbc lut ln ylur
alhtrld’suam os hbeotkvb dbeksdotklh
lr doreb khnrostruaturb hbbis. Kh alc-
cuhkty prlfbats, tmks ks tmb tkcb wmbh
erlups aoh rb-prklrktkzb oaalrikhe tl
wmot tmby aoh il slcbtmkhe oglut
ohi nbbd bcplwbrbi tl kcprlvb tmbkr
sktuotklh kh proatkaod ybt kcplrtoht
woys.
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mkts nlr urgo uss ln ZOAO YlldsIlh‛t try tl cop lr —hi lut– bvbrytmkhe. Ymks ks bspbakoddy trub kh
urgoh sbttkhes gbaousb tmbrb ks fust tll cuam elkhe lh. Umot ks
kcplrtoht tl tmb alccuhkty kh wmkam ylu orb wlr`khe<
Uot ks o rgo alcckty<
O erlup lr alccuhkty wktmkh o doreb urgoh orbo
Erlups gy ibhogdb orbo, uhkt lr onhkty6
sug-hbkemglrmlli, stuibhts, tboambrs, cor`bt wlr`brs lr
smlppbrs, wmldbsodbrs, HELs, pbbr biuaotlrs, oportcbht
tbhohts, cuhkakpod bcpdlybbs.
mlw aldi ZOAO tllds g si wkt o rgo alcckty<
Alccuhkty cops
‑ Coppkhe tmb ossbts ohi orbos ln kcplrtohab kh tmb
hbkemglrmlli
‑ Coppkhe kcplrtoht orbos ln lvbrdoppkhe usb lr prklrkty nlr
onhkty erlups
‑ Coppkhe cor`bt sbrvkabs
‑ Coppkhe tmb orbos sbrvbi gy pbbr biuaotlrs, ylutm
lutrboam lr HEL wlr`
Yrohsbat cops
‑ Ymks aoh gb clrb torebtbi kh ^lduhtbbr ohi aluhtbrport
—survbykhe.–
‑ Umbrb orb trohsplrtotklh abhtbrs, cor`bts, bhtbrtokhcbht
abhtbrs, khiustry, bta.<
‑ Bspbakoddy wmbh wlr`khe wktm o samlld lr ylutm erlup6
wmbrb orb tmb pdoy orbos kh rbdotklh tl samlld ohi
mlcb, botkhe pdoabs, splrts suppdkbs lr spoab, dborhkhe
lpplrtuhktkbs lr dkgrorkbs, opprbhtkabsmkp lpplrtuhktkbs,
ohi vkskgdb rldb clibds<
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 9>)
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
9> Zboab Alrps
‑ Cbohibr vbrsus strokemt dkhb tl sbb kn hborgy orbos movb
skckdorktkbs lr iknnbrbhabs. Umy<
‑ Oddlws nlr lhb-lh-lhb iksaussklh lh tmb woy, rbod
khtbrprbtotklh gy dlaod rbskibhts lr lgsbrvotklh lh tmb
dlaotklh ln dbss ibskrogdb orbos (cuhkakpod trosm dohidds,
orbos ln mkem uhbcpdlycbht, hlhnuhatklhod cuhkakpod
sbrvkabs, iohebrlus pdoy orbos nlr amkdirbh, mbovy trona
pottbrhs) kh rbdotklh tl clrb plsktkvb bdbcbhts (por` dohi,
nuhatklhkhe cuhkakpod sbrvkabs suam os trosm rbclvod, sonb
smlppkhe ohi pdoy zlhbs, lgvklus aopktod khvbstcbht kh
mlcbs ohi guskhbssbs).
Qboslhod Aodbhiors
‑ Qamlld lr ioy aorb pottbrhs ln alst, tkcb ohi rbsplhskgkdktkbs
lvbr tkcb
‑ Mldkioys, abdbgrotklhs lr tlurkst sboslhs
‑ Guskhbss ayadbs ln pdohhkhe, ohhuod guiebtkhe, lgfbatkvb
ohi pbrklika gbhamcor` pdohhkhe
‑ Adkcotb ohi coflr ayadkaod pottbrhs ln prbakpktotklh, stlrcs
lr vbebtotklh
‑ Doglr ibcohi aurvb gy sbx, oeb ohi ltmbr erlup
‑ Ovokdogkdkty ohi prkab ln nlli ohi ltmbr `by mlusbmldi lr
erlup bxpbhikturbs
‑ Bdbatklhs lr ltmbr kcplrtoht pldktkaod lr lreohkzotklhod
bvbhts
‑ HEL, prlnbssklhod ohi lreohkzotklhod wlr`, lutrboam,
nuhirokskhe ohi ltmbr oatkvktkbs (@kwohks, Wltory, cbh‛s ohi
wlcbh‛s erlups)
Ltmbr tllds
‑ Iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs nlr cbcgbrs ln erlups pdohhkhe
prlfbats
‑ Hbtwlr` ohodysks gbtwbbh khikvkiuods ohi lreohkzotklhs
(slakod, pldktkaod, nockdy, wlr`, biuaotklhod, bta.)
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 92)
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 95)
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‑ Dkvbdkmlli ossbsscbht (suam os noatlrs alhtrkgutkhe tl
tmrkvkhe lr survkvod ln o slakod erlup, wlr` lreohkzotklh lr
hbkemglrmlli)
‑ Zrklrkty roh`khe (tmks ks bspbakoddy kcplrtoht wmbh wlr`khe
wktm onnkhkty erlups skhab tmby movb cohy iknnbrbht
osslakotklhs ohi rbdotklhsmkps, ln wmkam tmb kibhtkbi erlup
ks fust lhb)
Uot or alskirotkls oi plsskgkdktks nlr ske ZOAO
k rgo sttkes<
ZOAO aoh gb usbi kh l̂duhtbbr oatkvktkbs, ^lduhtbbr supplrt
ohi prlfbat pdohhkhe.
Ks tmb urgoh alccuhkty vbry ikvbrsb< Il cbcgbrs ln tmb
erlup `hlw boam ltmbr wbdd< Orb bxtbhibi nockdkbs vkskgdb
ohi khvldvbi<
[lur urgoh alccuhkty coy gb ikstrustnud ln strohebrs os`khe
qubstklhs0 usb trustbi noakdktotlrs.
Rrgoh poab aoh gb —nost– ohi ropkidy amohekhe sl portk-
akpohts coy movb ltmbr alccktcbhts lr khtbrbsts. Ymby coy
hlt movb cuam tkcb lr wkddkhehbss tl alddoglrotb nlr dlhe
pbrklis ln tkcb.
Ulcbh‛s rldbs orb clrb ikvbrsb wktm plsskgdb bcpdlycbht
lpplrtuhktkbs ohi khibpbhibhab.
[lu coy hbbi clrb tkcb tl eokh trust gbnlrb ilkhe ZOAO
oatkvktkbs.
Wurod-tl-urgoh ckerohts6 wmot wbrb bxpbatotklhs wmbh tmby
aocb, wmot orb tmby hlw, wmot orb tmbkr mlpbs ohi ospkrotklhs
nlr tmbkr amkdirbh<
Ymbrb coy gb stotkstkaod khnlrcotklh ohi cops ovokdogdb nrlc
elvbrhcbht lr ltmbr slurabs tl suppdbcbht alccuhkty
khnlrcotklh.
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 9>)
Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
9= Zboab Alrps
Amoptbr 1 Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks
Lhab o cop mos gbbh ilhb, lr lhb ln tmb
ltmbr tllds usbi, wmot alcbs hbxt< Ymbsb
tllds aoh mbdp alccuhktkbs alcb tlebtmbr,
smorb khnlrcotklh, prklrktkzb tmbkr hbbis,
ohi gbekh tl sbb alharbtb plsskgkdktkbs nlr
kcprlvkhe tmbkr dkvbs. [bt lhab tmb hbbis movb
gbbh bxprbssbi, mlw il tmby oamkbvb tmbkr
elods< Umbrb ks tmb —nlr alccuhkty oatklh– port ln portkakpotlry
ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO)<
Hbxt stbps aoh vory. Qlcbtkcbs tmb usb ln lhb tlld wkdd clvb tmb
alccuhkty tl oatklh. Qlcbtkcbs sbvbrod tllds orb usbi tl ebt o clrb
alcpdbtb pkaturb ln tmb sktuotklh.
Ibvbdlpcbht ln Oatkvktkbslr Dorebr Zrlfbats
Ohodysks coy dboi tl skcpdb oatklhs tmot il hlt rbqukrb bdoglrotb
pdohhkhe tl kcpdbcbht. Ltmbrs coy hlt gb sl skcpdb. Kn tmb oatklh ks
elkhe tl gb o nokrdy alcpdbx alccuhkty prlfbat, ̂ lduhtbbrs wkdd hiYmb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht Cohuod PKAB Hl. Y:?:5S
oh bxabddbht slurab ln stbp-gy-stbp eukiohab lh mlw tl wlr̀ tmrluem
tmb portkakpotlry ibskeh, cohoebcbht ohi bvoduotklh prlabss wktmaluhtbrports ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs. Ymb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi
Cohoebcbht Cohuod ks odsl ovokdogdb kh Qpohksm PKAB Hl. Y:?75S
ohi Nrbham PKAB Hl. Y:?7=S ohi aoh gb ilwhdloibi nrlc tmb Zboab
Alrps‛ lhdkhb dkgrory (www.pboabalrps.elv).
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Clvkhe nrlc Ohodysks wktm Lhb Ylld tl Oatklh
Rskhe tmb nlrcudotklh6 Umot< Ql Umot< Hlw Umot< tmb amort gbdlwsmorbs bxocpdbs ln mlw uskhe ZOAO tllds mos dbi tl oatklh kh vorklus
alccuhktkbs. Ymb hbxt sbatklh ibsarkgbs alcpdbx prlfbats tmot movb
usbi clrb tmoh lhb ZOAO tlld.
Wbdlaotklh ontbr hoturod iksostbrZbru
Umot< ^katkcs ln o cosskvb lli irbw o cop tl mbdp wktm
tmb iksostbr rbalhstruatklh prlabss. Ymbkr alccuhkty
cop ibpkatbi hlt lhdy tmbkr mlcbstbois (wmkam moi
gbbh ibstrlybi gy tmb lli) gut odsl tmbkr troiktklhod
oerkaudturod ohi posturb dohis.
Ql Umot< Lutskib iksostbr-rbalvbry bxpbrts moi khtbhibi tl
rbdlaotb tmb vkddoebrs ohi prlvkib hbw dlts ohi mlcbslutskib ln tmb lli pdokh ohi hbor o scodd urgoh abhtbr.
Hlw Umot< Ontbr sbbkhe tmb cop, ohi khtbrvkbwkhe dlaod pblpdb
oglut tmbkr sugskstbhab pottbrhs, tmb bxpbrts rbodkzbi
tmot rbdlaotklh tl oh urgoh orbo wludi aut vkddoebrs
lnn nrlc tmbkr bdis ohi posturb dohis. Os o rbsudt,
rbdlaotklh pdohs wbrb rbibskehbi ohi o iknnbrbht
dlaotklh wos sbdbatbi.
Ulcbh‛s arbikt erlupHockgko
Umot< Kh o alccuhkty wlr`smlp, o wlcbh‛s arbikt erlup
alcpdbtbi o sboslhod aodbhior tl oiirbss nlli sbaurkty
ohi tmb pltbhtkod nlr irluemt. Ymb aodbhior gbeoh wktmtmb clhtm ln smlrt rokhs, gbaousb tmot ks tmb gbekhhkhe ln
tmb oerkaudturod ayadb. Zortkakpohts khaduibi usuod wbotmbr
pottbrhs, arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh, ohi pottbrhs ln
doglr ckerotklh lh tmbkr aodbhiors.
Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
2: Zboab Alrps
Ql Umot< Ontbr alcpdbtkhe tmb ohodysks, tmb wlcbh rbodkzbi
tmot twl clhtms ln tmb ybor wbrb portkaudordy strbssnudnlr clst nockdkbs gbaousb ln dlw rokhnodd, dlw arlp
prliuatklh, ohi mkem dbvbds ln codb ckerotklh tl Qlutm
Onrkao nlr ckhkhe flgs.
Hlw Umot< Ymby ibakibi tmot nlr tmbsb clhtms kt wludi gb tmb clst
opprlprkotb tl rbabkvb nlli oki lr hbw ckarl-arbikt dlohs
ohi tmb wlrst tkcb tl bxpbat wlcbh tl poy goa` dlohs.
Yorebtkhe erlups nlr wlr`smlpsBost Onrkao
Umot< Kh Bost Onrkao, postlrodkst cbh ohi wlcbh wbrb os`bi tl
alcpdbtb iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs os port ln o portkakpotlry
iksostbr-prbvbhtklh prlabss. Gbaousb dkvbstla` sbrvbos tmbkr cokh slurab ln khalcb, tmb gbst nlrc ln iksostbr
prbvbhtklh kh tmbsb orbos ks lntbh tmb prltbatklh ln
dkvbstla` nrlc nockhb, iksbosb, ohi ltmbr mozoris.
Ql Umot< Ibvbdlpcbht wlr`brs usbi tmb iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs
ln cbh ohi wlcbh tl gbekh uhibrstohikhe tmb ebhibr-
gosbi ikvksklh ln doglr kh tmb alccuhkty. Ymby nluhi, nlr
bxocpdb, tmot wlcbh orb ebhbroddy rbsplhskgdb nlr scoddstla` (elots, smbbp) ohi ska`, prbehoht, lr doatotkhe
ohkcods ln odd skzbs0 wmkdb yluhe cbh orb ebhbroddy
rbsplhskgdb nlr mbrikhe ohi oaalcpohykhe oiudt aottdb
ohi aocbds.
Hlw Umot< Ybocs usbi tmks khnlrcotklh tl ibskeh opprlprkotb trokhkhe
cotbrkods nlr o sbrkbs ln alccuhkty wlr`smlps nlausbi lh
ohkcod mbodtm, voaakhotklh, ohi ohkcod ckiwknbry.
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2?
Ibskrb nlr s`kdd-gukdikhe ohi bcplwbrcbhtAltb i‛Kvlkrb
Umot< O Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbr alddoglrotbi wktm tmb wlcbh
kh mbr vkddoeb tl mbdp tmbc lreohkzb tmbkr kibos ohi
rbslurabs tl oiirbss alhabrhs wktmkh tmbkr alccuhkty.
Ymb wlcbh moi tmb pltbhtkod tl mbdp tmbkr alccuhkty
gbylhi tmb hlrcod salpb ln tmbkr nuhirokskhe oatkvktkbs
nlr alccuhkty nbstkvods, corrkoebs ohi nuhbrods. Ymb
nuhiocbhtod bdbcbhts prbvklusdy doa`khe kh tmb erlup
wbrb tmb `hlwdbieb ohi s`kdds tl lreohkzb tmbcsbdvbs
ohi o strlhe sbhsb ln bcplwbrcbht.
Ql Umot< Gy uskhe ZOAO tbamhkqubs, tmb wlcbh‛s erlup gbeoh
tl arbotb o sambiudb ln clhtmdy cbbtkhes gosbi lh
tmb duhor aodbhior ohi vkddoeb cor`bt ioys. Ot boam
cbbtkhe, tmby aludi iksauss tmb prlerbss ln tmbkr wlr`
ohi alhtrkgutb 72: ANO (opprlxkcotbdy 11 abhts) khtl tmb
erlup nuhi.
Hlw Umot< Gbaousb ln tmb ropki kharbosb kh tmbkr prlfbat oatkvktkbs,
tmb erlup sbaurbi o eroht nrlc tmb Ulrdi Goh`, wmkam
oddlwbi tmbc tl portkakpotb kh o sbrkbs ln trokhkhes lh
allpbrotkvb cohoebcbht, skcpdkbi oaaluhtkhe, ohi
kcprlvbi oerkaudturod prliuatklh. Gy Coy 7:::, tmb
erlup sovbi clrb tmoh 2::,::: ANO (opprlxkcotbdy$>5:). Uktm tmbsb rbslurabs, tmb wlcbh orb gukdikhe
wbdds, wmkam wbrb tmbkr clst kccbikotb arktkaod hbbi
os kibhtkbi gy uskhe ZOAO tllds. Qlcb ln tmb erlup‛s
cbcgbrs movb portkakpotbi kh alccuhkty mbodtm wlr`br
trokhkhe ohi hlw cohoeb —pmorcoay glxbs,– ikspbhskhe
alcclh cbikakhbs kh tmb vkddoeb. Kh Qbptbcgbr 7:::,
tmby rbabkvbi o ilhotklh nrlc tmb R.Q. Ocgossoilr‛s
sbdn-mbdp prlfbat tl alhstruat tmb mluskhe nlr o hbw ckdd.
Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
27 Zboab Alrps
Zrklrktkzkhe Mbodtm Zrlgdbcs
Gur`kho Nosl
Umot< Alccuhkty mbodtm wlr`brs alhiuatbi o portkakpotlry
hbbis ossbsscbht wktm tmbkr aluhtbrports ohi
alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl kibhtkny ohi prklrktkzb mbodtm
prlgdbcs kh tmb alccuhkty.
Ql Umot< Ylpkas tmot bcbrebi nrlc tmb stuiy khaduibi sbxuoddy
trohsckttbi khnbatklhs (QYKs)/OKIQ, Eukhbo wlrc, lrodrb-myirotklh trbotcbht (LWY), nbcodb akraucaksklh, gogy
nbbikhe, ohi kccuhkzotklhs, oclhe ltmbrs.
Hlw Umot< Ymb hikhes ln tmb alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbhts dbi
tl oatklh pdohs nlr tmb mboi hursbs, tmb cohoebcbht
alcckttbbs, ohi tmb ^lduhtbbrs. Kh oiiktklh, tmb
rbplrts orb gbkhe usbi gy tmb mbodtm abhtbr nlr ltmbr
khtbrvbhtklhs ohi nuturb prlfbat bvoduotklhs.
Zortkakpotlry Hbbis OssbsscbhtZbru
Umot< ^lduhtbbrs noakdktotbi o alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbht
ohi mbdpbi o alccuhkty co`b tmb amlkab tl khktkotb
o dotrkhb-alhstruatklh prlfbat. Ymb alccuhkty moi hldotrkhbs lr tlkdbts ot tmb tkcb, gut moi o plpudotklh ln =:
nockdkbs ohi opprlxkcotbdy 9:: pbrslhs.
Ql Umot< Ymb l̂duhtbbrs pdoybi o aruakod rldb kh bheoekhe tmb
alccuhkty ohi ibvbdlpkhe o alcclh stbworismkp btmka
oclhe alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl oiirbss tmbkr smorbi
ibvbdlpcbht hbbis.
Hlw Umot< Ontbr alhiuatkhe tmb rst portkakpotlry cbbtkhe kh tmb
alccuhkty, tmb sbalhi cbbtkhe odclst ilugdbi tmb
hucgbr ln portkakpohts, ohi bhibi wktm tmb alccuhkty
(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 21)
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rbqubstkhe o tmkri cbbtkhe tl oivohab tmbkr pdohhkhe os
sllh os plsskgdb. Odlhe wktm tmb dotrkhb alhstruatklh,
cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty dborhbi prlpbr wostb
iksplsod, pbrslhod myekbhb proatkabs, pugdka sohktotklh,
ohi pugdka oworbhbss ln tmb kcplrtohab ln dotrkhbs.
Alccuhkty Hbbis OssbsscbhtAopb ^brib
Umot< ^lduhtbbrs clgkdkzbi ohi trokhbi o tboc ln slakod
wlr`brs tl alhiuat o alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbht wktm
o erlup ln strbbt ylutm.
Ql Umot< Ymb hbbis ossbsscbht bxbraksb bcplwbrbi tmb ylutm
tl ortkaudotb tmbkr lwh prklrktkbs ohi bheoeb kh plsktkvbpdohhkhe tl kcprlvb tmbkr dkvbs.
Hlw Umot< Ymb ohodysks rbsudtbi kh tmb ibvbdlpcbht ln vorklus
prlfbats tmot oiirbssbi tmb ylutm‛s sbdn-kibhtkbi
prklrktkbs ohi gbeoh tl cbbt tmbkr clst prbsskhe hbbis.
Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks
(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 27)
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
29 Zboab Alrps
Ibsarkptklh ln Yrkoheudotklh
Ontbr lhb portkakpotlry tlld mosgbbh usbi, kt ks lntbh mbdpnud tl
usb lhb lr clrb oiiktklhod tllds
tl alcpdbcbht tmb khnlrcotklh
eokhbi gy tmb rst. Ymks ks aoddbi
trkoheudotklh. Nlr bxocpdb, kn
o portkaudor hbbi ks ibtbrckhbi
gy tmb alccuhkty, rbslurabcoppkhe coy mbdp kibhtkny wmot
ossbts kt mos tl stort wktm lr dbvbr-
oeb, suam os oh orbo ln dohi0
khstktutklhs hborgy0 oaabss tl
row cotbrkods, doglr, lr ltmbr
ktbcs. Iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs
ckemt rbvbod wml mos tmb tkcbtl il slcb ln tmb tos̀ s rbqukrbi,
ohi wmbh tl sambiudb cbbtkhes
tl bhsurb wkib portkakpotklh kh
pdohhkhe. O sboslhod aodbhior
ckemt rbvbod tkcb pbrklis wmbh
tmb doglr ovokdogkdkty lr elli
wbotmbr pbrckts tmb alcpdbtklhln tos̀ s, lr wmbh tmbrb ckemt gb
tmb khalcb hbbibi tl poy nlr
rbqukrbi ktbcs.
Kh Ylel
Norcbrs‛ allpbrotkvbs
alhiuatbi wlr`smlps
oiirbsskhe khtberotbi
oerkaudturb. Cbbtkhes
khaduibi ZOAO oatkvktkbs,
suam os alccuhktycoppkhe, sboslhod
aodbhiors ohi prklrkty
roh`khe tl mbdp portkakpohts
alhabptuodkzb tmbkr
rbslurabs ohi hbbis,
ohi rbodkzb tmb kcpoat
tmbkr bvbryioy dkvbs ohi
oerkaudturod proatkabs movb
lh tmbkr bhvkrlhcbht. Ot
tmb bhi ln tmbsb cbbtkhes,
^lduhtbbrs moi bstogdksmbi
rbdotklhsmkps ohi sbt up
vkskts tl norcbrs wml wbrb
khtbrbstbi kh wlr`khe lh
oerlnlrbstry, khtberotbi
oerkaudturb ohi/lr
bhvkrlhcbhtodcohoebcbht. Clrb tmoh
7,=:: norcbrs portkakpotbi
kh cbbtkhes, 17 pbrabht ln
wmlc wbrb wlcbh.
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22
Clvkhe nrlc Ohodysks wktmQbvbrod Yllds tl Oatklh
Rskhe tmb nlrcudotklh6 Umot< Ql Umot< Hlw Umot< tmb amort gbdlw
ibsarkgbs mlw iknnbrbht erlups movb usbi sbvbrod ZOAO tllds tlebtmbr,
dboikhe tl oatklh.
Oh Rhnkhksmbi Adossrllc
Zoroeuoy
Umot< O portkakpotlry hbbis ossbsscbht rbvbodbi biuaotklh
tl gb o alccuhkty alhabrh. Nurtmbr iksaussklh hltbi
tmot tmbrb wos oh uhhksmbi sbalhi adossrllc ln tmb
dlaod samlld.
Ql Umot< O sboslhod aodbhior bxbraksb rbvbodbi wmbh doglr
wludi gb ovokdogdb tl alcpdbtb tmb adossrllc.
Hlw Umot< Alccuhkty cbcgbrs gbeoh alddbatkhe tmb cotbrkods sl
tmby wludi gb lh mohi wmbh tmb doglr wos ovokdogdb.
Oatklh Zdohhkhe Qbhbeod
Umot< ^lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr mlst aluhtry aluhtbrports usbi
sbvbrod ZOAO tllds tl noakdktotb o alccuhkty-gukdikhe
wlr`smlp.
Ql Umot< Dlaod aluhtbrports wbrb touemt ZOAO opprloambs
ohi nbdt tmot tmby wludi gb usbnud kh alccuhkty
cbbtkhes. ^kddoeb bdibrs rbodkzbi tmot odd erlups
aludi flkh kh cbbtkhes kh audturoddy opprlprkotb woys
ohi prlvkib kcplrtoht pbrspbatkvbs tmot wludi
gbhbt tmb alccuhkty.
Hlw Umot< Zortkakpohts ibvbdlpbi o vb-ybor oatklh pdoh0 ohi tmb
rldb ln tmb ^lduhtbbrs wos ibhbi nlr bvbrylhb.
Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks
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ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh
2> Zboab Alrps
Ibodkhe wktm ^udhbrogdb Erlups
KOZ Wbeklh
Umot< O plst-iksostbr hbbis ossbsscbht rbvbodbi tmot slcb
cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty wbrb clrb vudhbrogdb tl
iksostbrs ohi tmbkr kcpoat tmoh ltmbrs kh tmb alccuhkty.
Ql Umot< O alcgkhotklh ln o coppkhe bxbraksb ohi iokdy oatkvkty
sambiudbs wktm iknnbrbht alccuhkty cbcgbrs (cbh,
wlcbh, amkdirbh, btmhka ckhlrktkbs) smlwbi tmotplvbrty, ebhibr, ohi btmhkakty wbrb tmb cokh vorkogdbs
tmot wbrb dkh`bi tl slakod vudhbrogkdkty.
Hlw Umot< Ymb alccuhkty ibakibi tl arbotb godohabi —iksostbr
alcckttbbs– tl co`b surb tmot tmb clst vudhbrogdb
pblpdb wbrb prltbatbi iurkhe nuturb hoturod iksostbrs.
Hbbis Ossbsscbht Codk
Umot< ^lduhtbbrs osskstbi vkddoebrs kh alhiuatkhe portkakpotlry
hbbis ohodysbs ohi arbotkhe opprlprkotb oatklh pdohs
iurkhe o ZOAO kh-sbrvkab trokhkhe kh twl alccuhktkbs.
Ql Umot< Lhb alccuhkty ibvbdlpbi o ibtokdbi vb-ybor pdoh os
o rbsudt ln oh kh-ibptm hbbis ossbsscbht prlabss.
Hlw Umot< Ymb hbbis ossbsscbht prlabss rbkhnlrabi tmb rldb ln
tmb sohktotklh alcckttbb kh lhb alccuhkty o