peace corps tonga welcome book | may 2010

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Tonga Welcome Book | May 2010

1/43

[AC UCHNC ND_U^ \CINDMC^ VDS [D

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H UCHNC ND_U^ USOIFNH[FDG BD_ GC\ RDISG[CC_^

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8

H \CINDMC IC[[C_

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vds |fii cmohr` dg dgc db {ac md~{ cqnf{fgl hgk nahiicglfgl cqucrfcgnc~ db vdsr ifbc' Uchnc Ndru~$[dglh rcmhfg~

dgc db {ac {dslac~{ jdo~ vdsii ccr idc'

^fgnc 862



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H \CINDMC IC[[C_ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8NDG[CG[^ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ?ND_C CQUCN[H[FDG^ BD_ UCHNC ND_U^ RDISG[CC_^ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;UCHNC ND_U^$[DGLH AF^[D_V HGK U_DL_HM^ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;

Af~{drv db {ac Uchnc Ndru~ fg [dglh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;NDSG[_V DRC_RFC\: [DGLH H[ H LIHGNC '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3

Af~{drv '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3Ldcrgmcg{ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3Cndgdmv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2Ucduic hgk Nsi{src '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2Cgfrdgmcg{ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5



>

\CINDMC IC[[C_^ B_DM [DGLH RDISG[CC_^ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >?UHN@FGL IF^[ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >;U_C-KCUH_[S_C NACN@IF^[ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1

Bhmfiv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Uh~~udr{$[rhci ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Mckfnhi$Achi{a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1

Fg~srhgnc ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Ucr~dghi Uhucr~ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Rd{fgl ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >1Ucr~dghi Cbbcn{~ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6Bfghgnfhi Mhghlcmcg{ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6

NDG[HN[FGL UCHNC ND_U^ ACHKXSH_[C_^ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;5



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ND_C CQUCN[H[FDG^

BD_ UCHNC ND_U^ RDISG[CC_^

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nrfmfghi nh~c~'

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^sgkhv~) cqncu{ bdr cmcrlcgnv bhnfif{fc~) oh`crfc~ !fg {ac hb{crgddg&) hgk ~dmc {dsrf~{ bhnfif{fc~'

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fg{d h ucrbdrmcr~ nd~{smc) ~{sn` {d af~ dr acr icl~ dr hrm~) dr uihnck h{ af~ dr acr bcc{' Rdisg{ccr~ db{cg uhr{fnfuh{c fg

dr do~crc [dglhg khgnfgl fg {acfr ndmmsgf{fc~'



' Crkmhg) hrha'Gfgc Afii~ {d Ghmodg`hah: [|d Vchr~ fg {ac Achr{ db hg Hbrfnhg Rfiihlc' Gc| Vdr`) G'V':

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88

IFRFGL NDGKF[FDG HGK

RDISG[CC_ IFBC^[VIC

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dnnsrrcgnc) os{ f{ kdc~ ahuucg' [af~ f~ gd{ mchg{ {d kf~ndsrhlc vds) os{ {d urcuhrc vds bdr {ac rchif{fc~ db

fg{crgh{fdghi mhfi ~crfnc fg {ac ^ds{a Uhnfbfn' Kc~uf{c {ac kcihv~) |c cgndsrhlc vds {d |rf{c {d vdsr bhmfiv rclsihriv

hgk {d kccidu h |hv db {rhn`fgl ic{{cr~~sna h~ gsmocrfgl {acm' Bhmfiv mcmocr~ {vufnhiiv ocndmc |drrfck |acg

{acv kd gd{ achr brdm vds) ~d f{ f~ h lddk fkch {d hkf~c {acm {ah{ mhfi ~crfnc f~ ~udrhkfn hgk {ah{ {acv ~adsik gd{

|drrv fb {acv kd gd{ rcncfc vdsr ic{{cr~ rclsihriv' Oc~fkc~) sgic~~ vds hrc dg hg ds{cr f~ihgk) vds |fii ahc rclsihr

hnnc~~ {d cmhfi'

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rchkfgl ov `crd~cgc ihmu dr nhgkic) s~c h uf{ ih{rfgc) hgk ndiicn{ |h{cr brdm h rhfg {hg` gchr {acfr admc'

!{rhkf{fdghi as{& |f{a h {ah{nack rddb {d h

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|f{a h gcflaodr'

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~f{c'

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hrc dgiv dnnh~fdghiiv s~ck fg bddk urcuhrh{fdg'



8>

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clc{hoic~ {d {h`c {d ds{ivfgl ~f{c~'

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clc{hoic~ hrc hhfihoic vchr-rdsgk' [ac bc| d{acr clc{hoic~ lrd|g idnhiiv hrc ~ch~dghi hgk ~suuiv hrfc~ kcucgkfgl

dg vdsr idnh{fdg' [acrc f~ h |fkc hrfc{v db brsf{~ fg [dglh) {adsla mhgv hrc hi~d ~ch~dghi' Uhuhvh~ hgk ohghgh~ hrc

hhfihoic vchr-rdsgk' Bfgkfgl hi{crgh{c ~dsrnc~ db urd{cfg mhv urc~cg{ hg dgldfgl nahiicglc) c~ucnfhiiv bdr

Rdisg{ccr~ dg ds{cr f~ihgk~'

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fgndmuic{c hgk fghkcxsh{c ov [dglhg ~{hgkhrk~' [af~ mh`c~ f{ kfbbfnsi{ {d cquihfg |av dgc |dsik nadd~c h

clc{hrfhg kfc{' \acg iffgl |f{a dr f~f{fgl [dglhg bhmfifc~) vds |fii oc dbbcrck {rhkf{fdghi bddk~0 Rdisg{ccr~ hrc

cgndsrhlck {d {rv idnhi nsf~fgc ds{ db rc~ucn{ bdr {acfr ad~{~'

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urhn{fnc fg [dglh {d ch{ |f{a vdsr ahgk~' Ad|ccr) ch{fgl hgk krfg`fgl |afic ~{hgkfgl f~ gd{ ndg~fkcrck huurdurfh{c)

ccg {adsla vds mhv ~cc d{acr~ kdfgl {af~'

[rhg~udr{h{fdg

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kcg~f{v f~ ndgksnfc {d {rhci ov of`c' Uchnc Ndru~$[dglh f~~sc~ acimc{~ {d Rdisg{ccr~ |ad d|g ofnvnic~ dr vds mhv

orfgl vdsr d|g' Fb h Rdisg{ccr orfgl~ h of`c brdm {ac Sgf{ck ^{h{c~) ac dr ~ac f~ rc~udg~foic bdr {ac {rhg~udr{h{fdg

nd~{~ !s~shiiv hfrifgc bcc~& brdm {ac Rdisg{ccr~ admc db rcndrk {d [dglh'

Idnhi os~c~ hgk {hqf~ rsg dg [dglh{hus) Ah,huhf) hgk Rhh,s hgk {cgk {d oc rch~dghoiv urfnck' [rhci hmdgl f~ihgk~

f~ ov hfr) odh{) dr od{a' Nah{ahm~ Uhnfbfn Hfrifgc ah~ rclsihr bifla{~ brdm {ac mhfg f~ihgk {d {ac d{acr mhjdr f~ihgk~ db

[dglh hgk fg{cr-f~ihgk bcrrfc~ urdfkc ~crfnc {d ds{cr f~ihgk~) ihrlc hgk ~mhii) {ardslads{ [dglh'

Bdr ~hbc{v rch~dg~) Uchnc Ndru~$[dglh urdafof{~ Rdisg{ccr~ brdm d|gfgl) krffgl) dr rfkfgl dg md{drnvnic~ hgk brdm

d|gfgl dr krffgl urfh{c nhr~ bdr hgv rch~dg' Rfdih{fdg db {ac~c udifnfc~ mhv rc~si{ fg {ac {crmfgh{fdg db vdsr

Rdisg{ccr ~crfnc'

Lcdlrhuav hgk Nifmh{c

[ac @fglkdm db [dglh ndg~f~{~ db 82 db |afna hrc fgahof{ck) hgk f~ ~urchk dcr 8;;)555 ~xshrc mfic~

!>25)555 ~xshrc `fidmc{cr~& db dnchg' [ac {d{hi ihgk hrch f~ dgiv ?21 ~xshrc mfic~ !2)>55 bcc{ !8)555 mc{cr~&'

[dglh ifc~ {arcc kclrcc~ ch~{ db {ac fg{crgh{fdghi kh{c ifgc) |afna |h~ ocg{ {d fgniskc [dglh fg {ac ~hmc {fmc zdgc h~

f{~ gcflaodr~' Bdr {af~ rch~dg) [dglh f~ {ac bfr~{ ndsg{rv fg {ac |drik {d |cindmc chna gc| khv'



8;

[ac f~ihgk~ db [dglh |crc bdrmck dg {du db {|d uhrhiici ~somhrfgc rfklc~' Oc{|ccg {ac {|d rfklc~ f~ {ac ~ahiid|

[dbsh [rdsla) |afna f~ >8 mfic~ !35 `fidmc{cr~& |fkc' Hidgl {ac |c~{crg rfklc hrc mhgv dinhgdc~) md~{ db |afna

hrc kdrmhg{' @hd) Ih{c) Bdgshicf) hgk [hbhaf hrc {ac rcmhfg~ db ndgc~ bdrmck hb{cr fdicg{ dinhgfn crsu{fdg~

mfiifdg~ db vchr~ hld' [ac dnchg |c~{ db {ac~c rfklc~ f~ `gd|g h~ {ac [dglh [rcgna' F{ f~ 8)125 mfic~ !>)555

`fidmc{cr~& idgl hgk 2? mfic~ !855 `fidmc{cr~& |fkc hgk cq{cgk~ brdm ^hmdh {d {ac ~ds{ach~{ db Gc| Zchihgk' H{

dgc udfg{ {ac {rcgna kc~ncgk~ {d >3)28< bcc{ !85) mc{cr~&) {ac ~cndgk kccuc~{ {rcgna fg {ac Uhnfbfn Dnchg'

Csh) dg {ac ch~{crg rfklc) f~ dgc db {ac dikc~{ f~ihgk~ fg {ac Uhnfbfn' Csh ah~ ~{ccu nifbb~ dg f{~ ch~{crg ~fkc hgk f~

admc {d {ac ih~{ rcmhfgfgl rhfg bdrc~{~ fg [dglh'

[dglh~ nifmh{c f~ mfik {d |hrm) asmfk) hgk mdkcrh{civ |c{' Hi{adsla {ac {cmucrh{src hrfc~ if{{ic) {acrc hrc kf~{fgn{

|c{ hgk krv ~ch~dg~' [ac |c{ ~ch~dg) |afna hi~d orfgl~ nvnidgc~) f~ brdm Gdcmocr {d Hurfi) |f{a hcrhlc

{cmucrh{src~ db



83

[d lhfg {ac hnncu{hgnc) rc~ucn{) hgk ndgbfkcgnc db ndmmsgf{v mcmocr~ hgk ndiichlsc~) f{ f~ c~~cg{fhi {ah{ vds

krc~~ hgk ndgksn{ vdsr~cib urdbc~~fdghiiv' [ac Uchnc Ndru~ cqucn{~ vds {d ocahc fg h |hv {ah{ |fii bd~{cr rc~ucn{

{d|hrk vds fg vdsr ndmmsgf{v hgk rcbicn{ |cii dg {ac Uchnc Ndru~ hgk dg {ac Sgf{ck ^{h{c~' Vds |fii rcncfc hg

drfcg{h{fdg hods{ huurdurfh{c ocahfdr hgk nsi{srhi ~cg~f{ff{v ksrfgl urc-~crfnc {rhfgfgl' H~ h Rdisg{ccr) vds ahc

{ac ~{h{s~ db hg fgf{ck lsc~{ hgk) {as~) ms~{ oc ~cg~f{fc {d {ac ahof{~) {h~{c~) hgk {hodd~ db vdsr ad~{~' Ocahfdr {ah{

jcduhrkfzc~ {ac Uchnc Ndru~ mf~~fdg fg [dglh dr vdsr ucr~dghi ~hbc{v mhv ichk {d h kcnf~fdg ov {ac Uchnc Ndru~ {d

{crmfgh{c vdsr ~crfnc' _cbcr {d {ac Rdisg{ccr Ahgkodd`

Ucr~dghi ^hbc{ v

bdr mdrc fgbdrmh{fdg hods{ {ac lrdsgk~ bdr hkmfgf~{rh{fc

~cuhrh{fdg' Fg {ac |drk~ db h Rdisg{ccr) /Krc~~fgl huurdurfh{civ hgk ~uch`fgl [dglhg hrc {ac ch~fc~{ |hv~ {d lhfg {ac

rc~ucn{ db {ac [dglhg~' [ac~c {|d {afgl~ nhg mh`c {ac kfbbcrcgnc oc{|ccg lc{{fgl ov hgk {arffgl'/

Mdrc kc{hfick fgbdrmh{fdg hods{ {ac Uchnc Ndru~ huurdhna {d ~hbc{v f~ ndg{hfgck fg {ac Achi{a Nhrc hgk ^hbc{v

nahu{cr) os{ f{ f~ hg fmudr{hg{ f~~sc hgk nhggd{ oc dcrcmuah~fzck' H~ ~{h{ck fg {ac Rdisg{ccr Ahgkodd`) ocndmfgl h

Uchnc Ndru~ Rdisg{ccr cg{hfi~ ncr{hfg ~hbc{v rf~`~' Iffgl hgk {rhcifgl fg hg sgbhmfifhr cgfrdgmcg{ !db{cg{fmc~

hidgc&) ahfgl h ifmf{ck sgkcr~{hgkfgl db idnhi ihglshlc hgk nsi{src) hgk ocfgl ucrncfck h~ |cii-dbb hrc ~dmc db {ac

bhn{dr~ {ah{ nhg us{ h Rdisg{ccr h{ rf~`' Mhgv Rdisg{ccr~ cqucrfcgnc hrvfgl kclrcc~ db sg|hg{ck h{{cg{fdg hgk

ahrh~~mcg{' Uc{{v {acb{~ hgk osrlihrfc~ hrc gd{ sgndmmdg) hgk fgnfkcg{~ db uav~fnhi hgk ~cqshi h~~hsi{ kd dnnsr)

hi{adsla md~{ [dglh Rdisg{ccr~ ndmuic{c {acfr {|d vchr~ db ~crfnc |f{ads{ ucr~dghi ~cnsrf{v fgnfkcg{~' [ac UchncNdru~ ah~ c~{hoif~ack urdncksrc~ hgk udifnfc~ kc~flgck {d aciu vds rcksnc vdsr rf~`~ hgk cgahgnc vdsr ~hbc{v hgk

~cnsrf{v' [ac~c urdncksrc~ hgk udifnfc~) fg hkkf{fdg {d ~hbc{v {rhfgfgl) |fii oc urdfkck dgnc vds hrrfc fg [dglh' H{

{ac ~hmc {fmc) vds hrc cqucn{ck {d {h`c rc~udg~fofif{v bdr vdsr ~hbc{v hgk |cii-ocfgl'

Chna ~{hbb mcmocr h{ {ac Uchnc Ndru~ f~ ndmmf{{ck {d urdfkfgl Rdisg{ccr~ |f{a {ac ~suudr{ {acv gcck {d

~snnc~~bsiiv mcc{ {ac nahiicglc~ {acv |fii bhnc {d ahc h ~hbc) achi{av) hgk urdksn{fc ~crfnc' \c cgndsrhlc

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|||'uchncndru~'ld$~hbc{v'

Fgbdrmh{fdg dg {ac~c uhlc~ lfc~ mc~~hlc~ dg Rdisg{ccr achi{a hgk Rdisg{ccr ~hbc{v' [acrc f~ h ~cn{fdg {f{ick ^hbc{v

hgk ^cnsrf{v fg Kcu{a' Hmdgl {dufn~ kf~ns~~ck hrc {ac rf~`~ db ~crfgl h~ h Rdisg{ccr) ud~{~ ~hbc{v ~suudr{ ~v~{cm~)

hgk cmcrlcgnv uihggfgl hgk ndmmsgfnh{fdg~'

_c|hrk~ hgk Brs~{rh{fdg~

Hi{adsla {ac ud{cg{fhi bdr jdo ~h{f~bhn{fdg fg [dglh f~ xsf{c afla) if`c hii Rdisg{ccr~) vds |fii cgndsg{cr brs~{rh{fdg~'

Ocnhs~c db ifmf{ck rc~dsrnc~) nd-|dr`cr~ hgk ndmmsgf{v mcmocr~ mhv gd{ hi|hv~ urdfkc du{fmsm ~suudr{' Fg

hkkf{fdg) {ac uhnc db |dr` hgk ifbc f~ ~id|cr {ahg |ah{ md~{ Hmcrfnhg~ hrc hnns~{dmck {d) hgk ~dmc ucduic vds |dr`

|f{a mhv oc ac~f{hg{ {d hnncu{ gc| |hv~ db {afg`fgl dr kdfgl {afgl~' Bdr {ac~c rch~dg~) {ac Uchnc Ndru~ cqucrfcgnc

db hkhu{fgl {d h gc| nsi{src hgk cgfrdgmcg{ f~ db{cg kc~nrfock h~ h ~crfc~ db cmd{fdghi uch`~ hgk hiicv~'

Vds |fii oc lfcg h afla kclrcc db rc~udg~fofif{v hgk fgkcucgkcgnc fg vdsr |dr`ucrahu~ mdrc {ahg fg hgv d{acr

jdo vds ahc ahk dr |fii ahc' Vds |fii db{cg bfgk vdsr~cib fg ~f{sh{fdg~ {ah{ rcxsfrc hg hofif{v {d md{fh{c vdsr~cib

hgk vdsr nd-|dr`cr~ |f{a if{{ic lsfkhgnc brdm ~sucrf~dr~' F{ mhv oc kfbbfnsi{ {d nhu{src {ac {hglfoic hgk fg{hglfoic

fmuhn{ db vdsr |dr` fmmckfh{civ' Kccidumcg{ f~ h ~id| urdnc~~' Urdlrc~~ f~ db{cg ~s~{hfgck dgiv hb{cr {ac ndmofgckcbbdr{~ db ~ccrhi Rdisg{ccr~ dcr {ac ndsr~c db mhgv vchr~' Vds mhv hi~d bhnc ucrfdk~ db f~dih{fdg' \afic vds hrc

if`civ {d oc uihnck fg h ndmmsgf{v dr dg hg f~ihgk |f{afg hg adsr~ |hi`) of`c rfkc) dr odh{ rfkc brdm hgd{acr

Rdisg{ccr) {acrc |fii oc ifmf{ck duudr{sgf{fc~ {d lh{acr |f{a {ac mhjdrf{v db vdsr bciid| Rdisg{ccr~' Vds ms~{ ud~~c~~

{ac ~cib-ndgbfkcgnc) uh{fcgnc) hgk f~fdg {d ndg{fgsc |dr`fgl {d|hrk idgl-{crm ldhi~ |f{a rcmd{c uccr ~suudr{'

Hgd{acr ~dsrnc db brs~{rh{fdg {d Uchnc Ndru~ Rdisg{ccr~ f~ {ac s~c db ndrudrhi usgf~amcg{ fg ~naddi~' Ccg {adsla

ndrudrhi usgf~amcg{ f~ bdrofkkcg fg {ac [dglh cksnh{fdg ~v~{cm) f{ ~{fii dnnsr~ fg ~dmc ~naddi~' \afic ~dmc uhrcg{~

duud~c {af~ ~{rdgliv) d{acr~ ndg~fkcr f{ hg cbbcn{fc |hv db kf~nfuifgc'
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82

[d dcrndmc {ac~c kfbbfnsi{fc~ hgk kfbbcrcgnc~) vds |fii gcck {d cqcrnf~c mh{srf{v) bicqfofif{v) ducg-mfgkckgc~~) hgk

rc~dsrncbsigc~~' [ac Uchnc Ndru~ ~{hbb) vdsr nd-|dr`cr~) hgk bciid| Rdisg{ccr~ |fii ~suudr{ vds ksrfgl {fmc~ db

nahiicglc) h~ |cii h~ ncicorh{c |f{a vds ksrfgl mdmcg{~ db ~snnc~~' Jsklfgl ov {ac cqucrfcgnc~ db bdrmcr Rdisg{ccr~)

{ac uch`~ hrc |cii |dr{a {ac kfbbfnsi{ {fmc~) hgk md~{ Rdisg{ccr~ ichc [dglh bccifgl {acv ahc lhfgck msna mdrc

{ahg {acv ~hnrfbfnck ksrfgl {acfr ~crfnc' Fb vds hrc hoic {d mh`c {ac ndmmf{mcg{ {d fg{clrh{c fg{d vdsr ndmmsgf{v

hgk |dr` ahrk) vds |fii oc h ~snnc~~bsi Rdisg{ccr hgk kccidu mchgfglbsi) idgl-ih~{fgl brfcgk~afu~'



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20/43



86

VDS_ ACHI[A NH_C HGK

^HBC[V FG [DGLH

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urdlrhm~ cmuah~fzc {ac urccg{fc) rh{acr {ahg {ac nsrh{fc) huurdhna {d kf~ch~c' [ac Uchnc Ndru~ fg [dglh

mhfg{hfg~ h nifgfn |f{a {|d mckfnhi dbbfncr~) |ad {h`c~ nhrc db Rdisg{ccr~ urfmhrv achi{a nhrc gcck~' Hkkf{fdghimckfnhi ~crfnc~) ~sna h~ {c~{fgl hgk oh~fn {rch{mcg{) hrc hi~d hhfihoic fg [dglh h{ idnhi ad~uf{hi~' Fb vds ocndmc

~crfds~iv fii) vds |fii oc {rhg~udr{ck cf{acr {d hg Hmcrfnhg-~{hgkhrk mckfnhi bhnfif{v fg {ac rclfdg dr {d {ac Sgf{ck

^{h{c~'

Ac hi{a F~~sc~ fg [dglh

Mhjdr achi{a urdoicm~ hmdgl Rdisg{ccr~ fg [dglh hrc rhrc hgk hrc db{cg {ac rc~si{ db {ac Rdisg{ccr bhfifgl {d {h`c

urccg{fc mch~src~ {d ~{hv achi{av' [ac md~{ ndmmdg achi{a urdoicm~ hrc mfgdr dgc~ {ah{ hrc hi~d bdsgk fg {ac

Sgf{ck {h{c~) ~sna h~ ndik~) kfhrrach) ~fgs~ fgbcn{fdg~) achkhnac~) kcg{hi urdoicm~) mfgdr fgjsrfc~) ~cqshiiv

{rhg~mf{{ck kf~ch~c~) cmd{fdghi urdoicm~) hgk hindadi hos~c' [ac~c urdoicm~ mhv oc mdrc brcxscg{ dr ndmudsgkck

ov ifbc fg [dglh ocnhs~c ncr{hfg cgfrdgmcg{hi bhn{dr~ fg {ac ndsg{rv rhf~c {ac rf~` dr cqhncroh{c {ac ~ccrf{v db

fiigc~~c~ hgk fgjsrfc~'

Mhihrfh f~ gd{ urc~cg{ fg [dglh) gdr f~ rhofc~) {adsla {acrc hrc mhgv ~{rhv hgfmhi~' [vuadfk) kcglsc bccr) mch~ic~)

hgk {socrnsid~f~ hrc cgkcmfn fg [dglh'

Aciufgl Vds ^{hv Achi{av

[ac Uchnc Ndru~ |fii urdfkc vds |f{a hii {ac gcnc~~hrv fgdnsih{fdg~) mckfnh{fdg~) hgk fgbdrmh{fdg {d ~{hv achi{av'

Sudg vdsr hrrfhi fg [dglh) vds |fii rcncfc h mckfnhi ahgkodd`' H{ {ac cgk db {rhfgfgl) vds |fii rcncfc h mckfnhi

`f{ |f{a ~suuifc~ {d {h`c nhrc db mfik fiigc~~c~ hgk bfr~{ hfk gcck~' [ac ndg{cg{~ db {ac `f{ hrc if~{ck ih{cr fg {af~

nahu{cr'

Ksrfgl urc-~crfnc {rhfgfgl) vds |fii ahc hnnc~~ {d oh~fn mckfnhi ~suuifc~ {ardsla {ac mckfnhi dbbfncr' Ad|ccr)

vds |fii oc rc~udg~foic bdr vdsr d|g ~suuiv db urc~nrfu{fdg krsl~ hgk hgv d{acr ~ucnfbfn mckfnhi ~suuifc~ vdsrcxsfrc) h~ {ac Uchnc Ndru~ |fii gd{ drkcr {ac~c f{cm~ ksrfgl {rhfgfgl' Uich~c orfgl h {arcc-mdg{a ~suuiv db hgv

urc~nrfu{fdg krsl~ vds s~c) ~fgnc {acv mhv gd{ oc hhfihoic acrc hgk f{ mhv {h`c ~ccrhi mdg{a~ bdr ~afumcg{~ {d

hrrfc'

Vds |fii ahc uav~fnhi~ h{ mfk~crfnc hgk h{ {ac cgk db vdsr ~crfnc' Fb vds kccidu h ~crfds~ mckfnhi urdoicm ksrfgl

vdsr ~crfnc) {ac mckfnhi dbbfncr fg [dglh |fii ndg~si{ |f{a {ac Dbbfnc db Mckfnhi ^crfnc~ fg \h~afgl{dg) K'N' Fb f{

f~ kc{crmfgck {ah{ vdsr ndgkf{fdg nhggd{ oc {rch{ck fg [dglh) vds mhv oc ~cg{ ds{ db {ac ndsg{rv bdr bsr{acr

chish{fdg hgk nhrc'

Mhfg{hfgfgl Vdsr Achi{a

H~ h Rdisg{ccr) vds ms~{ hnncu{ ndg~fkcrhoic rc~udg~fofif{v bdr vdsr d|g achi{a' Urducr urcnhs{fdg~ |fii ~flgfbfnhg{iv

rcksnc vdsr rf~` db ~crfds~ fiigc~~ dr fgjsrv' [ac hkhlc Hg dsgnc db urccg{fdg ocndmc~ cq{rcmciv fmudr{hg{ fghrch~ |acrc kfhlgd~{fn hgk {rch{mcg{ bhnfif{fc~ hrc gd{ su {d {ac ~{hgkhrk~ db {ac Sgf{ck ^{h{c~' [ac md~{ fmudr{hg{ db

vdsr rc~udg~fofif{fc~ fg [dglh f~ {d {h`c urccg{fc mch~src~'

Mhgv fiigc~~c~ {ah{ hbbifn{ Rdisg{ccr~ |drik|fkc hrc cg{frciv urccg{hoic fb urducr bddk hgk |h{cr urcnhs{fdg~ hrc

{h`cg' [ac~c fiigc~~c~ fgniskc bddk udf~dgfgl) uhrh~f{fn fgbcn{fdg~) acuh{f{f~ H) kv~cg{crv) Lsfgch |drm~) {huc|drm~)

hgk {vuadfk bccr' Vdsr mckfnhi dbbfncr |fii kf~ns~~ ~ucnfbfn ~{hgkhrk~ bdr |h{cr hgk bddk urcuhrh{fdg fg [dglh

ksrfgl urc-~crfnc {rhfgfgl'



?5

Ho~{fgcgnc f~ {ac dgiv ncr{hfg nadfnc bdr urccg{fgl fgbcn{fdg |f{a AFR hgk d{acr ~cqshiiv {rhg~mf{{ck kf~ch~c~' Vds

hrc {h`fgl rf~`~ fb vds nadd~c {d oc ~cqshiiv hn{fc' [d ic~~cg rf~`) s~c h ndgkdm ccrv {fmc vds ahc ~cq' \ac{acr

vdsr uhr{gcr f~ h ad~{ ndsg{rv nf{fzcg) h bciid| Rdisg{ccr) dr hgvdgc ci~c) kd gd{ h~~smc {af~ ucr~dg f~ brcc db

AFR$HFK^ dr d{acr ^[K~' Vds |fii rcncfc mdrc fgbdrmh{fdg brdm {ac mckfnhi dbbfncr hods{ {af~ fmudr{hg{ f~~sc'

Rdisg{ccr~ hrc cqucn{ck {d hkacrc {d hg cbbcn{fc mchg~ db ofr{a ndg{rdi {d urccg{ hg sguihggck urclghgnv' Vdsr

mckfnhi dbbfncr nhg aciu vds kcnfkc dg {ac md~{ huurdurfh{c mc{adk {d ~sf{ vdsr fgkffkshi gcck~' Ndg{rhncu{fcmc{adk~ hrc hhfihoic |f{ads{ nahrlc brdm {ac mckfnhi dbbfncr'

F{ f~ nrf{fnhi {d vdsr achi{a {ah{ vds urdmu{iv rcudr{ {d {ac mckfnhi dbbfnc dr d{acr kc~flgh{ck bhnfif{v bdr ~nacksick

fmmsgfzh{fdg~) hgk {ah{ vds ic{ {ac mckfnhi dbbfncr gd| fmmckfh{civ db ~flgfbfnhg{ fiigc~~c~ hgk fgjsrfc~'

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fiihlc~ hgk hrc s~shiiv |f{afg dgc adsr brdm hgd{acr Rdisg{ccr' ^dmc ~f{c~ rcxsfrc h 85- {d 8?-adsr krfc brdm {ac

nhuf{hi' [acrc f~ h{ ich~{ dgc Rdisg{ccr oh~ck fg chna db {ac rclfdghi nhuf{hi~ hgk hods{ bfc {d cfla{ Rdisg{ccr~ fg {ac

nhuf{hi nf{v'

Ad| nhg mv bhmfi v ndg{hn{ mc fg hg cmcrlcgnv4[ac Uchnc Ndru~ Dbbfnc db ucnfhi crfnc~ urdfkc~ h~~f~{hgnc fg ahgkifgl cmcrlcgnfc~ hbbcn{fgl {rhfgcc~ hgk

Rdisg{ccr~ dr {acfr bhmfifc~' Ocbdrc ichfgl {ac Sgf{ck ^{h{c~) fg~{rsn{ vdsr bhmfiv {d gd{fbv {ac Dbbfnc db ^ucnfhi

^crfnc~ fmmckfh{civ fb hg cmcrlcgnv hrf~c~) ~sna h~ h ~crfds~ fiigc~~ dr kch{a db h bhmfiv mcmocr' Ksrfgl gdrmhi

os~fgc~~ adsr~) {ac gsmocr bdr {ac Dbbfnc db ^ucnfhi ^crfnc~ f~ 155';?;'13150 ~cicn{ du{fdg ?) {acg cq{cg~fdg 8;



>?

\CINDMC IC[[C_^ B_DM

[DGLH RDISG[CC_^

Kchr Bs{src Rdisg{ccr~:

Fb vdsrc rchkfgl {af~ ic{{cr) {acg vds hirchkv `gd|' Vds ahc occg fgf{ck {d ~crc h~ h Uchnc Ndru~ Rdisg{ccr fg {ac@fglkdm db [dglh( Fg h bc| ~adr{ |cc`~ vds |fii nrd~~ {ac fg{crgh{fdghi kh{cifgc {d oclfg vdsr ?



>>

Kchr Bs{src Rdisg{ccr~)

Ndglrh{sih{fdg~( Vdsc mhkc f{ {ardsla {ac idgl huuifnh{fdg urdnc~~) vdsc |hf{ck ds{ hii {ac sgncr{hfg{v db |acrc

vdsk cgk su) hgk gd| vdsr uh{fcgnc ah~ uhfk dbb' Vds hrc hods{ {d cmohr` dg hg fgnrckfoic jdsrgcv {d {ac hmhzfgl

@fglkdm db [dglh' Nid~c vdsr cvc~) {h`c h kccu orch{a) hgk ic{ mc aciu vds ufn{src vdsr gcq{ ?< mdg{a~ fg {af~ochs{fbsi Uhnfbfn F~ihgk lrdsu'

Dg vdsr bfr~{ khv fg [dglh vds |fii urdohoiv |h`c su {d rdd~{cr~ nrd|fgl hgk nasrna ocii~ rfglfgl' H~ vds |hi`

ds{~fkc f{~ if`civ vdsii ~cc ~dmc |hgkcrfgl ufl~ nrd~~fgl {ac rdhk' [ac `fk~ |fii oc uihvfgl fg h bfcik) {ac |dmcg

|fii oc ndd`fgl dcr h bfrc) hgk mcg |fii |hi` ov fg idgl ~`fr{~ hgk lrcc{ vds |f{a h ~mfic' H{ {af~ udfg{ vds mfla{

bcci if`c xsd{fgl Kdrd{av) [d{d) Fc h bccifgl |crc gd{ fg @hg~h~ hgvmdrc

Vdsr ifbc fg [dglh |fii oc cq{rcmciv kfbbcrcg{ brdm vdsr cqucrfcgnc~ fg {ac S'^' Vds |fii ahc {ac sgfxsc

duudr{sgf{v {d fmmcr~c vdsr~cib fg [dglh~ rfna nsi{src hgk kf~ndcr kfbbcrcg{ {rhkf{fdg~ hgk ocifcb~'

Vds |fii oc us~ack ds{ db vdsr ndmbdr{ zdgc hgk nahiicglck ov vdsr gc| ~srrdsgkfgl~) hgk vds |fii ucr~dghiiv lrd|

brdm {ac msi{f{skc db gc| cqucrfcgnc~' Mchg|afic) vds |fii ahc {ac duudr{sgf{v {d ~ahrc vdsr gd|icklc) ~`fii~)hgk cqucr{f~c |f{a [dglhg ndsg{cruhr{~ hgk nrch{c h ms{shiiv ocgcbfnfhi ichrgfgl cqnahglc'

Fg {crm~ db {ac idlf~{fn~) vdsr bfr~{ 85 |cc`~ fg [dglh |fii oc hg fg{cg~c |afri|fgk db fgbdrmh{fdg' Vds |fii

uhr{fnfuh{c fg h {rhfgfgl {ah{ |fii dcridhk vds |f{a kfrcn{fdg {d urcuhrc vds bdr vdsr jdo hgk ifbc fg [dglh' Vds |fii

ahc idgl ~{rsn{srck khv~ |acrc vds |fii gcck {d urdnc~~ ihrlc hmdsg{~ db gc| mh{crfhi) hgk vds |fii oc fmmckfh{civ

cqucn{ck {d gcld{fh{c ncr{hfg nsi{srhi kfbbcrcgnc~ h~ vds ifc |f{a h [dglhg bhmfiv' H{ {fmc~ vds mhv bcci

dcr|acimck) os{ ov {ac cgk db {ac ? 8$? mdg{a~ vds |fii oc h~{dgf~ack hgk urdsk db ad| msna vds hirchkv `gd|(

H~ vds naf{nah{ |f{a {ac ~{hbb fg [dglhg) vds |fii bcci |cii urcuhrck bdr vdsr gcq{ {|d vchr~'

\ah{ cqhn{iv vds cgk su kdfgl) hgk |acrc vds cgk su ~crfgl) |fii hrv lrch{iv hmdgl Rdisg{ccr~' Vdsr ~crfnc |fii

oc dg dgc db [dglh~ bdsr f~ihgk lrdsu~) [dglh{hus) Csh) Rhhs dr Ahhuhf) chna db |afna ah~ f{~ d|g kcbfgfgl

nahrhn{crf~{fn~' Vds |fii ichrg {ah{ ~dmc uihncmcg{~ hrc mdrc rcmd{c) |afic d{acr ~f{c~ hrc fg {ac nf{v' ^dmcRdisg{ccr~ |dr` |f{a {ac Mfgf~{rv db Cksnh{fdg) |afic d{acr~ |dr` h{ h idnhi urfmhrv dr ~cndgkhrv ~naddi' [acrc hrc

Rdisg{ccr~ |ad ifc fg ads~c~ |f{a cicn{rfnf{v) rsggfgl |h{cr) hgk ccg Fg{crgc{) |afic d{acr Rdisg{ccr~ ahc mdrc

urfmf{fc hnndmmdkh{fdg~ {ah{ rcxsfrc {acm {d ndiicn{ rhfg|h{cr ds{~fkc hgk ifla{ crd~cgc ihmu~' Chna uihncmcg{

ah~ f{~ d|g ocgcbf{~ hgk nahiicglc~) hgk fg {ac cgk f{~ su {d vds {d mh`c {ac md~{ db {ac duudr{sgf{v vds hrc lfcg'

Uchnc Ndru~ f~ h |dgkcrbsi rc~dsrnc) os{ rcmcmocr {ac~c gcq{ {|d vchr~ hrc vdsr~ bdr {ac mh`fgl'

Vdsr fgf{h{fdg {d [dglh f~ dcrbid|fgl |f{a hii ~dr{~ db |dgkcrbsi ud~~fofif{fc~'

^d ~{hr{ {ah{ uhn`fgl if~{) lfc ~dmc ofl asl~ {d vdsr idck dgc~) hgk lc{ cqnf{ck hods{ {ac hkcg{src vds hrc hods{ {d

oclfg' \cindmc {d {ac Brfcgkiv F~ihgk~(

- h~`fh Ghscgocrl) ?551-?585



>;

UHN@FGL IF [

[af~ if~{ ah~ occg ndmufick ov Rdisg{ccr~ ~crfgl fg [dglh hgk f~ oh~ck dg {acfr cqucrfcgnc' S~c f{ h~ hg fgbdrmhi

lsfkc fg mh`fgl vdsr d|g if~{) ochrfgl fg mfgk {ah{ chna cqucrfcgnc f~ fgkffkshi' [acrc f~ gd ucrbcn{ if~{( Vds

dofds~iv nhggd{ orfgl ccrv{afgl dg {ac if~{) ~d ndg~fkcr {ad~c f{cm~ {ah{ mh`c {ac md~{ ~cg~c {d vds ucr~dghiiv hgk

urdbc~~fdghiiv' Vds nhg hi|hv~ ahc {afgl~ ~cg{ {d vds ih{cr' H~ vds kcnfkc |ah{ {d orfgl) `ccu fg mfgk {ah{ vds ahchg 15-udsgk |cfla{ ifmf{ dg ohllhlc' Hgk rcmcmocr) vds nhg lc{ himd~{ ccrv{afgl vds gcck fg [dglh'

Lcgcrhi Nid{ afgl

Ahgk |h~afgl hgk [dglhg |ch{acr hrc ahrk dg nid{afgl) ~d hgv nid{afgl vds orfgl |fii urdohoiv |chr ds{'

Ifla{|cfla{) bh~{-krvfgl nid{afgl !udivc~{cr dr gvidg& f~ gfnc ocnhs~c f{ |fii gd{ bhkc dr ~{rc{na h~ msna h~ nd{{dg

oicgk~'

Krc~~fgl fg h nsi{srhiiv huurdurfh{c mhggcr f~ fmudr{hg{) c~ucnfhiiv dg ds{cr f~ihgk~' Fg urdbc~~fdghi ~c{{fgl~) mhic

Rdisg{ccr~ hrc cqucn{ck {d |chr |ah{ [dglhg mcg |chrh {sucgs) h ~difk-ndidr |rhuhrdsgk lhrmcg{ !usrnah~ck

idnhiiv&) |f{a h os{{dg-kd|g ~afr{' Ksrfgl icf~src {fmc) [dglhg mcg {vufnhiiv |chr {ac ~hmc {afgl~ mcg |chr fg {ac

Sgf{ck {h{c~ !c'l') ocid|-{ac-`gcc ~adr{~ dr ~ihn`~ hgk [-~afr{~&' Bcmhic Rdisg{ccr~ hrc cqucn{ck {d |chr krc~~c~ dr

~`fr{~ {ah{ hrc mfknhib dr idglcr fg od{a urdbc~~fdghi ~c{{fgl~ hgk ksrfgl icf~src {fmc' Fb {ac krc~~c~$~`fr{~ hrc gd{ idglcgdsla) idgl |rhuhrdsgk sgkcr~`fr{~ hrc hhfihoic idnhiiv' Cqnc~~fciv {fla{ nid{afgl f~ hi~d nsi{srhiiv fghuurdurfh{c'

H{ admc) |dmcg db{cg |chr idd~c-bf{{fgl ~ihn`~) nhurf~ uhg{~ dr ocid|-{ac-`gcc ~adr{~' Fg lcgcrhi) |dmcg ~adsik

hi|hv~ ndcr {acfr ~adsikcr~ hgk `gcc~ hgk ~adsik gd{ |chr ~adr{~ cqncu{ bdr ~|fmmfgl dr cqcrnf~fgl' Hkkf{fdghiiv)

vds ~adsik gd{ oc hoic {d ~cc vdsr hrmuf{~ dr mfkrfbb |acg rhf~fgl vdsr hrm~'

Bdiid|fgl hrc ~dmc ~ucnfbfn nid{afgl ~sllc~{fdg~ hgk rcndmmcgkh{fdg~

^|ch{~afr{~ dr ~|ch{cr~ hgk ~|ch{uhg{~ !f{ nhg lc{ h of{ nafiiv fg {ac |fg{cr&

:

Ifla{|cfla{ ~urfgl jhn`c{$rhfg jhn`c{

^ccrhi oihn` ds{bf{~

^|fm~sf{ dr ~|fm {rsg`~ !ccg {adsla |dmcg |fii gd{ oc hoic {d |chr h ~|fm~sf{ fg [dglh) f{ f~ h lddk fkch

{d orfgl dgc bdr hnh{fdg~&

Sgkcr|chr !|f{a ~{srkv cih~{fn& hgk ~dn`~ !bdr cqcrnf~c&

^adc~) fgniskfgl afla-xshif{v bifu-bidu~ !c'l') [ch~) Nahnd~) dr _ccb |hi`cr~&) ~gch`cr~) af`fgl odd{~) hgk

|rhuhrdsgk ~hgkhi~'

Orfgl cq{rh nid{ac~) uhn`ck h|hv fg zfu-nid~c ohl~' Nid{ac~ |chr ds{ bh~{cr acrc) hgk mfk|hv {ardsla ~crfnc

f{~ gfnc {d ahc ~dmc gc| sgkcr|chr hgk ~afr{~'

^fq {d cfla{ ifla{ [-~afr{~

Bdr Mcg

Od{a oihn` hgk |af{c idgl-~iccck os{{dg-kd|g ~afr{~

Jchg~ hgk ifla{|cfla{ uhg{~ !`ah`f~ dr idd~c-bf{{fgl uhg{~ |f{a krh|~{rfgl~&

Ndgcr{foic !zfu-dbb icl& uhg{~



>3

Id{~ db ifla{|cfla{) ndiihrck) ~adr{-~iccck) os{{dg-kd|g-{ac-brdg{ ~afr{~ !cgdsla bdr |dr` hgk nasrna) bdr

ccrv khv os{ ^h{srkhv& hgk h{ ich~{ dgc {fc hgk h idgl-~iccck ~afr{ {d ld |f{a f{

^adr{~ bdr vdsr d|g ads~c dr cqcrnf~ch{ ich~{ dgc uhfr dr mdrc

Ofnvnic dr nd{{dg ~adr{~ bdr mdkc~{v hgk ndmbdr{ sgkcr {ac {sucgs !mcg~ ~`fr{&

Gd{c: hii krc~~c~ hgk ~`fr{~ ~adsik oc h{ mfknhib dr hg`ic icgl{a hgk oids~c~ ~adsik gd{ oc ~icccic~~) ~cc-

{ardsla dr ahc ohrc mfkrfbb~(

Bdr \dmcg

H{ ich~{ {arcc oihn` ds{bf{~: cf{acr h krc~~ |f{a ~iccc~ dr h ~`fr{ hgk {du

Nh~shi krc~~c~ dr mfq-hgk-mh{na ~`fr{~ hgk oids~c~ !bdr |dr`) |hi`fgl fg usoifn) hgk nasrna&

Sgkcr|chr) orh~) hgk ~udr{~ orh~ !|fn`-h|hv bhorfn Pc'l') Nddimhq] f~ cbbcn{fc&

Sgkcr~afr{~ dr nhmf~dic~ bdr ~accr oids~c~

Dgc dr {|d uhfr~ db nhurf~ dr ifla{|cfla{ idgl uhg{~0 orfgl jchg~ bdr ndikcr |ch{acr

Of`c ~adr{~ bdr mdkc~{v hgk ndmbdr{ sgkcr ~`fr{~ !rcmcmocr {ah{ [dglh f~ crv asmfk&

Odhrk ~adr{~ bdr ~|fmmfgl fg usoifn uihnc~

Ucr~dghi Avlfcgc hgk [dfi c{r v F{cm~

[d|ci~ !ifla{|cfla{ dgc~ hrc urcbcrhoic {d {afn` dgc~ ksc {d ahgk |h~afgl hgk krvfgl {fmc&0 hi~d h {rhci

{d|ci !mfnrd-bfocr&

Fgf{fhi ~suuiv db vdsr bhdrf{c ~ahmudd) kcdkdrhg{) ucrbsmc) c{n' !Dbbcg~fc dkdr~ hrc uhr{fnsihriv

dojcn{fdghoic fg [dglhg nsi{src'& Gd{c {ah{ kcdkdrhg{ f~ hhfihoic fg [dglh) os{ {ac xshif{v f~ uddr

Nd~mc{fn~) fb vds |chr {acm !idnhi urdksn{~ lcgcrhiiv hrc gd{ db lddk xshif{v&

^fq-mdg{a ~suuiv db {hmudg~ dr uhk~ !{hmudg~ hrc gd{ hi|hv~ hhfihoic fg [dglh) hgk {acv hrc cqucg~fc&

Ahgk ~hgf{fzcr !c'l') Usrcii& hgk ifxsfk odkv |h~a

Rf{hmfg~) urcbcrrck mckfnh{fdg~ !if`c) Cqnckrfg&) dr kfc{hrv ~suuicmcg{~

Ohov ud|kcr dr {hinsm ud|kcr

^mhii mfrrdr

Ndg{hn{ ~dis{fdg ~suuiv bdr ~fq mdg{a~ fb vds |chr ndg{hn{~f{~ gd{ hhfihoic ccrv|acrc fg [dglh hgk f~

crv cqucg~fc

_hzdr~orfgl h bc| {d ~{hr{ |f{a) vds nhg lc{ nachucr xshif{v dgc~ acrc



>2

@f{nacg

!Mhgv db {ac~c f{cm~ nhg oc bdsgk fg [dglh) os{ hrc db rcksnck xshif{v'&

^|f~~ hrmv gfbc) Ich{acrmhg) dr d{acr s{fif{v {ddi

âhru `f{nacg `gfbc

Gdg~{fn` brvfgl uhg

^{srkv mhgshi nhg ducgcr

H Brcgna urc~~ dr ~{dc-{du c~urc~~d mh`cr !fb vds if`c ndbbcc&' Fg~{hg{ ndbbcc f~ hhfihoic acrc) os{ kcnhb

ndbbcc f~ gd{

Mch~srfgl ~uddg~ hgk nsu~

ûfnc~$ad{ ~hsnc !c'l') [hoh~nd&

Rclc{hoic adikcr !{arcc-oh~`c{) ahglfgl&

Mf~nciihgcds~

Isllhlc: idn`hoic rdiifgl ksbbci ohl~ |dr` oc~{' Uich~c `ccu fg mfgk {ah{ vds ~adsik oc hoic {d mhghlc hii db vdsr

isllhlc |f{ads{ {ac h~~f~{hgnc db d{acr~' Vds mhv hi~d |hg{ h ~mhiicr ohl {d s~c bdr vdsr urc-~crfnc {rhfgfgl

admc~{hv'

^mhii ohnùhn` dr ~adsikcr ohl

âcc{~ !kdsoic bih{~ hrc md~{ s~cbsi&

^{srkv) fgcqucg~fc |h{cr-rc~f~{hg{ |h{na

^{srkv |h{cr od{{ic~ !h{ ich~{ {|d0 c'l') Ghilcgc dr nhmci ohn`&

Nhmcrh: >3 mm dr kflf{hi f~ rcndmmcgkck' Hi~d ndg~fkcr hg sgkcr|h{cr nhmcrh' Bfim urdnc~~fgl hgk

urfg{fgl f~ cqucg~fc hgk dgiv hhfihoic dg [dglh{hus hgk Rhh,s' Ndg~fkcr cq{rh mcmdrv nhrk~ hgk

oh{{crfc~'

Bih~aifla{ dr achkihmu !ICK urcbcrrck& hgk$dr rchkfgl ihmu$odd` ifla{

Mh~` hgk ~gdr`ci dr ~|fmmfgl ldllic~

^mhii ~c|fgl f{

_hfg jhn`c{

_cnahrlchoic oh{{crfc~ hgk nahrlcr !oh{{crfc~ hrc hhfihoic) os{ hrc lcgcrhiiv db uddr xshif{v hgk {acrc f~ gd

|hv {d urducriv kf~ud~c db {acm&

MU> uihvcr !c'l') fUdk&) dr ~mhii /oddmodq/ hgk ~mhii ~uch`cr~



>

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