peace corps health agent pre departure country & technical training 2007

8/6/2019 Peace Corps Health Agent Pre Departure Country & Technical Training 2007

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Qmgcm C`rps/Dbomr

C`lludbty Emgfte Gomdt

Qrm-Nmpgrturm C`udtry& ^mcedbcgf ^rgbdbdo

Sullmr ;11?


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;? Iudm ;11?

_mfc`lm t` ùr Glmrbcgd hrbmdns we` egvm lgnm tem ce`bcm t` smrvm h`r tw` ymgrs bd g egrn-c`rm cùdtry cgffmnDbomr. @dcm yù kmc`lm g Qmgcm C`rps X`fudtmmr yù wbff egvm t` hgcm lgdy cegffmdoms, mspmcbgffy bd tem emgftesmct`r.

Rù wbff emgr `vmr gdn `vmr tegt Dbomr bs rgdjmn 7?? ùt `h 7?? `d tem l`st rmcmdt ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds EulgdNmvmf`plmdt Bdnmx wbte bdnbcgt`rs `h p``r emgfte rgdom hr`l eboe rgtms `h lgfdutrbtb`d, lgtmrdgf l`rtgfbty,nbgrremg, lgfgrbg gdn c`diudctbvbtbs, gs wmff gs sbodbhbcgdt rgtms `h bdhmctb`d wbte smxugffy trgdslbttmn nbsmgsms(S^Ns) bdcfunbdo GBNS. Rù wbff rmgn orbl stgtbstbcs pmrtgbdbdo t` tem emgfte smct`r suce gs9 tem cebfn l`rtgfbtyrgtm gl`do cebfnrmd udnmr = bs 7=; pmr 7,111, `r sgy, h`r mvmry hùr kgkbms k`rd gfbvm, gt fmgst `dm wbff nbm kmh`rmgom =: Dbomrs lgtmrdgf l`rtgfbty rgtm l`rm tegd 7 nmgte pmr 711 fbvm kbrtes bs tem eboemst bd tem w`rfn:Dbomrs hmrtbfbty rgtm (?.5), bs gl`do tem eboemst bd tem w`rfn gdn bs hgr eboemr tegd tem suk-Sgegrgd Ghrbcgd

gvmrgom `h =.>. êmsm stgtbstbcs seùfn d`t nmtmr yù hr`l yùr lbssb`d t` emfp Dbomr hboet gogbdst p`vmrty gdnc`dtrbkutm t` tem blpr`vmlmdt `h tem emgfte stgtus `h bts p`pufgtb`ds. Rù wbff km mxpmctmn t` emfp gffmvbgtm gdnrmnucm Dbomrs l`st c`ll`d emgfte pr`kfmls ky mdcùrgobdo kmegvb`rgf cegdoms suce gs smmjbdo prmvmdtbvm gdntrmgtlmdt hr`l g emgfte cfbdbc (m.o., prm- gdn p`st-dgtgf cemcj-ups gdn blludbzgtb`ds), egdn wgsebdo, gdngnlbdbstmrbdo e`lm rmlmnbms h`r c`diudctbvbtbs `r nmeynrgtb`d.

Qmgcm C`rps/Dbomr c`ffgk`rgtms wbte tem O`vmrdlmdt `h Dbomrs Lbdbstry `h Qukfbc Emgfte (L@QE) bdgnnrmssbdo tem cùdtrys kgsbc emgfte cgrm bssums. X`fudtmmrs w`rj wbtec`lludbty fmgnmrs, f`cgf c`lludbtyorùps (m.o.,w`lmds slgff-kusbdmss gss`cbgtb`ds, yùte orùps, lmds orùps), emgfte cfbdbcs (Cmdtrms nm SgdtBdtors), gdn `dm-`d-`dm wbte bdnbvbnugf c`lludbty lmlkmrs t` rgbsm gwgrmdmss gkùt kmegvb`r cegdoms tegtcgd blpr`vm emgfte gdn prmvmdt nbsmgsm.

Qmgcm C`rps Dbomrs emgfte prìmct bdcfunms termm prblgry o`gfs9

Blpr`vbdo eùsme`fn dutrbtb`dgf stgtus.

Blpr`vbdo lgtmrdgf gdn bdhgdt emgfte.

Blpr`vbdo c`lludbtbms gkbfbty t` prmvmdt gdn trmgt nbsmgsm.

êbs n`culmdt yù wbff km obvmd ùtfbdm s`lm gspmcts`h Qmgcm C`rps/Dbomr emgfte prìmct, bdcfunbdo d`t `dfyspmcbhbc `kimctbvms gdn tgromt dulkmrs h`r mgce `h tem gk`vm o`gfs, kut gfs` g f``j gt e`w tebs prìmct wgsnmvmf`pmn: rmfmvgdt ebst`rbcgf kgcjorùdn: spmcbhbcs `d prìmct strgtmoy, blpfmlmdtgtb`d, gdn l`dbt`rbdo gdnmvgfugtb`d: gdn hbdgffy prìmct lgdgomlmdt, bdcfunbdo v`fudtmmr supp`rt gdn trgbdbdo.

_m rmgffy trust tegt yù egvm gfrmgny stgrtmn fmgrdbdo yùr Ygrlg gdn Egusg fgdougoms `d Ly ^``fjbt gtwww.pmgcmc`rps.o`v. _m gfs` nmhbdbtmfy mxpmct yù t` rmgn tem n`culmdts tegt wm grm smdnbdo prb`r t` yùrc`lbdo t` Dbomr, gs yù wbff km tmstmn `d tem jd`wfmnom puffmn ùt hr`l tem n`culmdts.

_m f``j h`rwgrn t` yùr c`dtrbkutb`d t` blpr`vbdo tem emgfte gdn dutrbtb`d `h lmd, w`lmd gdn cebfnrmd bd Dbomrgdn wbff n` ùr kmst t` pr`vbnm tem kmst trgbdbdo p`ssbkfm t` prmpgrm yù h`r yùr tw` ymgrs `h smrvbcm.

Ogst`d JGKGGss`cbgtm Qmgcm C`rps Nbrmct`rEmgfte

Sùfmylgdm LGBDG

Qròrgl gdn ^rgbdbdo Gssbstgdt-Emgfte


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^gkfm `h C`dtmdts

C`vmr pgom 7

Ormmtbdos hr`l Dbomr ;

^gkfm `h C`dtmdts 3

Kbkfb orgpey >

Cùdtry pr`hbfm =-7=

Lgbd pukfbc emgfte bssums gdn c`dcmrds 78-7?

_gtmr Suppfy gdn Sgdbtgtb`d 75-;1

Lgi`r wgtmr gdn Sgdbtgtb`d rmfgtmn bffdmssms bd Dbomr ;7-;;

Lgtmrdgf gdn bdhgdt emgfte ;3-;?

Hglbfy pfgddbdo ;5-38

Lgfdutrbtb`d 3?->;

EBX/GBNS bd Dbomr >3->>

_egt n`ms g C`lludbty Emgfte X`fudtmmr n`0 >=

H`r l`rm rmsùrcms `d emgfte bd Dbomr pfmgsm vbsbt9

www.udbcmh.`ro/bdh`kycùdtry/dbomr.

www.udhpg.`ro/pr`hbfm/dbomr.chl

www.we`.bdt/cùdtrbms/dmr/md/

www.hmws.dmt/rmsùrcms/oc`dtmdt/pnh/

www.whp.`ro/cùdtryPkrbmh/bdnmxcùdtry

www.hmws.dmt/rmsùrcms/oc`dtmdt/

www.n`ct`rswbteùtk`rnmrs.`ro/dmws/lgfdutrbtb`d/


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Kbkfbòrgpey

C`dtry pr`hbfm

êm _`rfn Emgfte @rogdbzgtb`d gdn ]DBCMH, I`bdt L`dbt`rbdo Qròrgllm h`r _gtmr Suppfy gdn

Sgdbtgtb`d, Igdugry ;11= (ettp9//www.cebfnbdh`.`ro/grmgs/wgtmr/stgtus.pep).

Lgbd pukfbc emgfte c`dcmrds

Emgfte gctb`ds bd crbsms ettp9//www.we .bdt/egc/crbsms/dmr/kgcjorùdn/pr`hbfm/md/bdnmx.etlf

_gtmr Suppfy gdn Sgdbtgtb`d

Qmgcm C`rps Dbomr tmcedbcgf lgdugf h`r c`lludbty emgfte v`fudtmmrs

Lgi`r wgtmr gdn Sgdbtgtb`d rmfgtmn bffdmssms bd dbomr


Lgtmrdgf gdn bdhgdt emgfte


Hglbfy pfgddbdo


Lgfdutrbtb`d


EBX/GBNS bd Dbomr



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C@]D^[R Q[@HBFM

@HHBCBGF DGLM9[mpukfbc `h Dbomr

êm [mpukfbc `h Dbomr bs g fgdnf`cjmn cùdtry bd tem Sgemf rmob`d `h _mst Ghrbcg. Dbomr bs k`rnmrmn kyGfomrbg, Lgfb, Fbkyg, Kurjbdg Hgs`, Kmdbd gdn Dbomrbg7. êm cùdtry bs pfgoumn ky hrmqumdt nrùoetswebce gnvmrsmfy blpgct tem suksbstmdcmkgsmn mc`d`ly `h bts fgrom gorgrbgd p`pufgtb`d.

OM@O[GQER

Grmg9 7,;8?,111 sq. jl (>21,111 sq. lb.): gkùt termm tblms tem sbzm `h Cgfbh`rdbg.Cbtbms9 Cgpbtgf--Dbglmy (p`p. gppr`x. 7 lbffb`d).@temr cbtbms--^geùg, Lgrgnb, Ybdnmr, Nbhhg, N`ss`, Grfbt, gdn Gognmz.^mrrgbd9 Gkùt tw`-tebrns nmsmrt gdn lùdtgbds, dm-tebrn sgvgddg.Cfblgtm9 E`t, nry, gdn nusty. [gbdy smgs`d9 Iudm - Smptmlkmr.

O@XM[DLMD^

^ypm9 [mpukfbc.Bdnmpmdnmdcm9 Guoust 3, 7281.C`dstbtutb`d9 êm c`dstbtutb`d `h Nmcmlkmr ;8, 722; wgs rmvbsmn ky dgtb`dgf rmhmrmdnul `d Lgy 7;,7228 gdn gogbd ky rmhmrmdnul `d Iufy 75, 7222.Krgdcems9Mxmcutbvm--prmsbnmdt gdn prblm lbdbstmr.Fmobsfgtbvm--udbcglmrgf Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy (773LQs).Iunbcbgf--C`dstbtutb`dgf Cùrt, Suprmlm Cùrt, Cùrt `h Gppmgfs, Eboe Cùrt `h Iustbcm.Q`fbtbcgf pgrtbms9 Smvmd grm rmprmsmdtmn bd tem Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy.Suhhrgom9 êm c`dstbtutb`d pr`vbnms h`r udbvmrsgf suhhrgom h`r Dbomrbmds gomn 75 `r `fnmr.Gnlbdbstrgtbvm suknbvbsb ds9 Mboet rmob`ds suknbvbnmn bdt` 38 nbstrbcts (nmpgrtlmdts) gdn ;8=c`lludms (f`cgf cùdcbfs).Cmdtrgf o`vmrdlmdt kunomt9 $3;1 lbffb`d.

QM@QFM

Dgtb`dgfbty9Dùd gdn Gnimctbvm--Dbomrbmd(s).Q`pufgtb`d (;11= MS^.) 73,2=?,111.Gddugf or`wte rgtm7(;11=)9 3.>%.Mtedbc orùps9 Egusg =8%, Nimrlg ;;%, Hufgdb 5.=%, ûgrmo 5%, Kmrb Kmrb (Jgdurb) >.3%: Grgk,^ùkù, gdn Oùrlgdtcem 7.;%.[mfbob`ds9 Bsfgl (2=%): rmlgbdnmr trgnbtb`dgf gdn Cerbstbgd.Fgdougoms9 Hrmdce (`hhbcbgf), Egusg, Nimrlg, Hufhufnm, Jgdurb, ^glgcemj, ^ùkù, Oùrlgdtcem,Grgkbc.Mnucgtb`d9 Rmgrs c`lpufs`ry--8. Gttmdngdcm-->=% (lmd), 37% (w`lmd).Fbtmrgcy(;11> mst.)--;5.?%.Emgfte9Bdhgdt l`rtgfbty rgtm (;111)--7=;/7,111.Fbhm mxpmctgdcy-->= yrs.êm fgromst mtedbc orùps bd Dbomr grm tem Egusg, we` gfs` c`dstbtutm tem lgi`r mtedbc orùp bdd`rtemrd Dbomrbg, gdn tem Nimrlg-S`doegb, we` gfs` grm hùdn bd pgrts `h Lgfb. K`te orùps, gf`dowbte tem Oùrlgdtcem, grm smnmdtgry hgrlmrs we` fbvm bd tem grgkfm, sùtemrd tbmr `h tem cùdtry. êmrmlgbdnmr `h Dbomrbmds grm d`lgnbc `r smlb-d`lgnbc fbvmst`cj-rgbsbdo pm`pfms--Hufgdb, ûgrmo,Jgdurb, Grgks, gdn ^ùkù. _bte rgpbnfy or`wbdo p`pufgtb`ds gdn tem c`dsmqumdt c`lpmtbtb`d h`rlmgomr dgturgf rmsùrcms, fbhmstyfms `h gorbcufturgfbsts gdn fbvmst`cj emrnmrs egvm c`lm bdcrmgsbdofybdt` c`dhfbct bd Dbomr bd rmcmdt ymgrs.


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Dbomr's eboe bdhgdt l`rtgfbty rgtm bs c`lpgrgkfm t` fmvmfs rmc`rnmn bd dmboek`rbdo cùdtrbms. E`wmvmr,tem cebfn l`rtgfbty rgtm (nmgtes gl`do cebfnrmd kmtwmmd tem goms `h 7 gdn >) bs eboe (7=; pmr 7,111)num t` omdmrgffy p``r emgfte c`dnbtb`ds gdn bdgnmqugtm dutrbtb`d h`r l`st `h tem cùdtry's cebfnrmd.D`dmtemfmss, Dbomr's hmrtbfbty rgtm (?.5%), bs gl`do tem eboemst bd tem w`rfn, gdn bs hgr eboemr tegd temsuk-Sgegrgd Ghrbcgd gvmrgom `h =.>. Bt lmgds tegt tw`-tebrns (88.?%) `h tem Dbomrbmd p`pufgtb`d bsudnmr gom ;=. Qrblgry sce``f dmt mdr`fflmdt rgtm bs >=% h`r lmd gdn 37% h`r w`lmd. Gnnbtb`dgfmnucgtb`d ccurs terùoe J`rgdbc sce``fs.

EBS^@[R

C`dsbnmrgkfm mvbnmdcm bdnbcgtms tegt gkùt 811,111 ymgrs go`, eulgds bdegkbtmn wegt egs sbdcmkmc`lm tem nms`fgtm Sgegrg `h d`rtemrd Dbomr. F`do kmh`rm tem grrbvgf `h Hrmdce bdhfumdcm gdn c`dtr`fbd tem grmg, Dbomr wgs gd blp`rtgdt mc`d`lbc cr`ssr`gns, gdn tem mlpbrms `h S`doegb, Lgfb, Og`,Jgdml, gdn K`rdu, gs wmff gs g dulkmr `h Egusg stgtms, cfgblmn c`dtr`f `vmr p`rtb`ds `h tem grmg.

Nurbdo rmcmdt cmdturbms, tem d`lgnbc ûgrmo h`rlmn fgrom c`dhmnmrgtb`ds, pusemn sùtewgrn, gdn,sbnbdo wbte vgrbùs Egusg stgtms, cfgsemn wbte tem Hufgdb Mlpbrm `h S`j`t`, webce egn ogbdmn c`dtr`f`h luce `h tem Egusg tmrrbt`ry bd tem fgtm 75te cmdtury.


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Bd tem 72te cmdtury, c`dtgct wbte tem _mst kmogd wemd tem hbrst Mur`pmgd mxpf`rmrs--d`tgkfy Ludo`Qgrj (Krbtbse) gdn Embdrbce Kgrte (Omrlgd)--mxpf`rmn tem grmg smgrcebdo h`r tem lùte `h tem Dbomr[bvmr. Gfteùoe Hrmdce mhh`rts gt pgcbhbcgtb`d kmogd kmh`rm 7211, nbssbnmdt mtedbc orùps, mspmcbgffytem nmsmrt ûgrmo, wmrm d`t suknumn udtbf 72;;, wemd Dbomr kmcglm g Hrmdce c`f`dy.

Dbomr's c`f`dbgf ebst`ry gdn nmvmf`plmdt pgrgffmf tegt `h `temr Hrmdce _mst Ghrbcgd tmrrbt`rbms. Hrgdcmgnlbdbstmrmn bts _mst Ghrbcgd c`f`dbms terùoe g o`vmrd`r omdmrgf gt Ngjgr, Smdmogf, gdn o`vmrd`rs bdtem bdnbvbnugf tmrrbt`rbms, bdcfunbdo Dbomr. Bd gnnbtb`d t` c`dhmrrbdo Hrmdce cbtbzmdsebp `d tembdegkbtgdts `h tem tmrrbt`rbms, tem 72>8 Hrmdce c`dstbtutb`d pr`vbnmn h`r nmcmdtrgfbzgtb`d `h p`wmr gdn

fblbtmn pgrtbcbpgtb`d bd p`fbtbcgf fbhm h`r f`cgf gnvbs`ry gssmlkfbms.

G hurtemr rmvbsb`d bd tem `rogdbzgtb`d `h `vmrsmgs tmrrbt`rbms `ccurrmn wbte tem pgssgom `h tem @vmrsmgs[mh`rl Gct (F`b Cgnrm) `h Iufy ;3, 72=8, h`ff`wmn ky rm`rogdbzgtb`dgf lmgsurms mdgctmn ky temHrmdce Qgrfbglmdt mgrfy bd 72=?. Bd gnnbtb`d t` rml`vbdo v`tbdo bdmqugfbtbms, temsm fgws pr`vbnmn h`rcrmgtb`d `h o`vmrdlmdtgf `rogds, gssurbdo bdnbvbnugf tmrrbt`rbms g fgrom lmgsurm `h smfh-o`vmrdlmdt.Ghtmr tem mstgkfbselmdt `h tem Hbhte Hrmdce [mpukfbc `d Nmcmlkmr >, 72=5, Dbomr kmcglm gdgut`d`lùs stgtm wbtebd tem Hrmdce C`lludbty. H`ff`wbdo huff bdnmpmdnmdcm `d Guoust 3, 7281,e`wmvmr, lmlkmrsebp wgs gff`wmn t` fgpsm.

H`r bts hbrst 7> ymgrs gs gd bdnmpmdnmdt stgtm, Dbomr wgs rud ky g sbdofm-pgrty cbvbfbgd rmoblm udnmr temprmsbnmdcy `h Eglgdb Nb`rb. Bd 72?>, g c`lkbdgtb`d h nmvgstgtbdo nrùoet gdn gccusgtb`ds `h rglpgdt

c`rruptb`d rmsuftmn bd g lbfbtgry cùp tegt `vmrtermw tem Nb`rb rmoblm. Fbmutmdgdt C`f`dmf SmydbJùdtcem gdn g slgff orùp `h lbfbtgry rufmn tem cùdtry udtbf Jùdtcem's nmgte bd 725?. Em wgssuccmmnmn ky ebs Cebmh `h Stghh, Krbognbmr Omdmrgf. Gfb Sgbkù, we` rmfmgsmn p`fbtbcgf prbs`dmrs,fbkmrgfbzmn s`lm `h Dbomr's fgws gdn p`fbcbms, gdn pr`lufogtmn g dmw c`dstbtutb`d. E`wmvmr, QrmsbnmdtSgbkù's mhh`rts t` c`dtr`f p`fbtbcgf rmh`rls hgbfmn bd tem hgcm `h udb`d gdn stunmdt nmlgdns t` bdstbtutmg luftb-pgrty nml`crgtbc systml. êm Sgbkù rmoblm gcqubmscmn t` temsm nmlgdns ky tem mdn `h 7221.Dmw p`fbtbcgf pgrtbms gdn cbvbc gss`cbgtb`ds sprgdo up, gdn g dgtb`dgf c`dhmrmdcm wgs c`dvmdmn bd Iufy7227 t` prmpgrm tem wgy h`r tem gn`ptb`d `h g dmw c`dstbtutb`d gdn tem e`fnbdo `h hrmm gdn hgbrmfmctb`ds. êm nmkgtm wgs `htmd c`dtmdtbùs gdn gccusgt`ry, kut udnmr tem fmgnmrsebp `h Qr`h. GdnrmSgfbhù, tem c`dhmrmdcm nmvmf`pmn c`dsmdsus `d tem l`ngfbtbms `h g trgdsbtb`d o`vmrdlmdt. G trgdsbtb`d


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o`vmrdlmdt wgs bdstgffmn bd D`vmlkmr 7227 t` lgdgom tem ghhgbrs `h stgtm udtbf tem bdstbtutb`ds `h temêbrn [mpukfbc wmrm put bdt` pfgcm bd Gprbf 7223. _ebfm tem mc`d`ly nmtmrb`rgtmn `vmr tem cùrsm `htem trgdsbtb`d, cmrtgbd gcc`lpfbselmdts stgdn ùt, bdcfunbdo tem succmsshuf c`dnuct `h g c`dstbtutb`dgfrmhmrmdnul: tem gn`ptb`d `h jmy fmobsfgtb`d suce gs tem mfmct`rgf gdn rurgf c`nms: gdn tem e`fnbdo `hsmvmrgf hrmm, hgbr, gdn d`dvb`fmdt dgtb`dwbnm mfmctb`ds. Hrmmn`l `h tem prmss hfùrbsemn wbte temgppmgrgdcm `h smvmrgf dmw bdnmpmdnmdt dmwspgpmrs.

[bvgfrbms wbtebd g rufbdo c`gfbtb`d mfmctmn bd 7223 fmn t` o`vmrdlmdtgf pgrgfysbs, webce pr`vbnmn C`f.Bkrgebl Kgr Lgdgssgrg g rgtb`dgfm t` `vmrter`w tem êbrn [mpukfbc gdn bts Qrmsbnmdt, Lgeglgdm@uslgdm, bd Igdugry 7228. _ebfm fmgnbdo g lbfbtgry gute`rbty tegt rgd tem o`vmrdlmdt (C`dsmbf nmSgfut Dgtb`dgf) nurbdo g 8-l`dte trgdsbtb`d pmrb`n, Kgrm mdfbstmn spmcbgfbsts t` nrght g dmw c`dstbtutb`dh`r g Hùrte [mpukfbc gddùdcmn bd Lgy 7228. Ghtmr nbss`fvbdo tem dgtb`dgf mfmct`rgf c`llbttmm, Kgrm`rogdbzmn gdn w`d g hfgwmn prmsbnmdtbgf mfmctb`d bd Iufy 7228 gdn ebs pgrty w`d 21% `h pgrfbglmdtsmgts bd g hfgwmn fmobsfgtbvm mfmctb`d bd D`vmlkmr 7228. _emd ebs mhh`rts t` iustbhy ebs cùp gdnsuksmqumdt qumstb`dgkfm mfmctb`ds hgbfmn t` c`dvbdcm n`d`rs t` rmst`rm luftbfgtmrgf gdn kbfgtmrgfmc`d`lbc gssbstgdcm, g nmspmrgtm Kgrm bod`rmn gd bdtmrdgtb`dgf mlkgro` gogbdst Fbkyg gdn sùoetFbkygd hudns t` gbn Dbomr's mc`d`ly. Bd rmpmgtmn vb`fgtb`ds `h kgsbc cbvbf fbkmrtbms ky tem rmoblm,`pp`sbtb`d fmgnmrs wmrm blprbs`dmn: iùrdgfbsts `htmd grrmstmn, kmgtmd, gdn nmp`rtmn ky gd ud`hhbcbgf

lbfbtbg c`lp`smn `h p`fbcm gdn lbfbtgry: gdn bdnmpmdnmdt lmnbg `hhbcms wmrm f``tmn gdn kurdmn wbteblpudbty.

Bd tem cuflbdgtb`d `h gd bdbtbgtbvm stgrtmn udnmr tem 7227 dgtb`dgf c`dhmrmdcm, e`wmvmr, tem o`vmrdlmdtsbodmn pmgcm gcc`rns bd Gprbf 722= wbte gff ûgrmo gdn ^ùkù orùps tegt egn kmmd bd rmkmffb`d sbdcm7221, cfgblbdo temy fgcjmn gttmdtb`d gdn rmsùrcms hr`l tem cmdtrgf o`vmrdlmdt. êm o`vmrdlmdtgormmn t` gks`rk s`lm h`rlmr rmkmfs bdt` tem lbfbtgry gdn, wbte Hrmdce gssbstgdcm, emfp `temrs rmturd t`g pr`nuctbvm cbvbfbgd fbhm.

Bd Gprbf 7222, Kgrm wgs `vmrter`wd gdn gssgssbdgtmn bd g cùp fmn ky Lgi. Ngùng Lgffgl _gdjm,we` mstgkfbsemn g trgdsbtb`dgf Dgtb`dgf [mc`dcbfbgtb`d Cùdcbf t` `vmrsmm tem nrghtbdo `h g c`dstbtutb`dh`r g Hbhte [mpukfbc wbte g Hrmdce styfm smlb-prmsbnmdtbgf systml. Bd v`tms tegt bdtmrdgtb`dgf `ksmrvmrs

hùdn t` km omdmrgffy hrmm gdn hgbr, tem Dbomrbmd mfmct`rgtm gppr`vmn tem dmw c`dstbtutb`d bd Iufy 7222gdn emfn fmobsfgtbvm gdn prmsbnmdtbgf mfmctb`ds bd @ct`kmr gdn D`vmlkmr 7222. Emgnbdo g c`gfbtb`d `htem Dgtb`dgf L`vmlmdt h`r g Nmvmf`pbdo S`cbmty (LDSN) gdn tem Nml`crgtbc gdn S`cbgf C`dvmdtb`d(CNS), Lglgnù ^gdnig w`d tem prmsbnmdcy.

Bd Iufy ;11>, Dbomr emfn ludbcbpgf mfmctb`ds dgtb`dwbnm gs pgrt `h bts nmcmdtrgfbzgtb`d pr`cmss. S`lm3,?11 pm`pfm wmrm mfmctmn t` dmw f`cgf o`vmrdlmdts bd ;8= dmwfy mstgkfbsemn c`lludms. êm rufbdoLDSN pgrty w`d l`rm p`sbtb`ds tegd gdy `temr p`fbtbcgf pgrty: e`wmvmr, `pp`sbtb`d pgrtbms lgnmsbodbhbcgdt ogbds.

Bd D`vmlkmr gdn Nmcmlkmr ;11>, Dbomr emfn prmsbnmdtbgf gdn fmobsfgtbvm mfmctb`ds. Lglgnù ^gdnigwgs mfmctmn t` ebs smc`dn =-ymgr prmsbnmdtbgf tmrl wbte 8=% `h tem v`tm bd gd mfmctb`d tegt bdtmrdgtb`dgf`ksmrvmrs cgffmn omdmrgffy hrmm gdn hgbr. êbs wgs tem hbrst prmsbnmdtbgf mfmctb`d wbte g nml`crgtbcgffymfmctmn bdculkmdt gdn g tmst t` Dbomr's yùdo nml`crgcy.

Bd tem ;11> fmobsfgtbvm mfmctb`ds, tem Dgtb`dgf L`vmlmdt h`r tem Nmvmf`plmdt `h S`cbmty (LDSN), temNml`crgtbc gdn S`cbgfbst C`dvmdtb`d (CNS), tem [gffy h`r S`cbgf Nml`crgcy ([SN), tem [gffy h`rNml`crgcy gdn Qròrmss ([NQ), tem Dbomrbmd Gffbgdcm h`r Nml`crgcy gdn Qròrmss (GDNQ), gdn temS`cbgf Qgrty h`r Dbomrbmd Nml`crgcy (QSND) c`gfbtb`d, webce kgcjmn ^gdnig, w`d 55 `h tem 773 smgtsbd tem Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy.


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Dbomr's dmw c`dstbtutb`d wgs gppr`vmn bd Iufy 7222. Bt rmst`rmn tem smlb-prmsbnmdtbgf systml `ho`vmrdlmdt `h tem Nmcmlkmr 722; c`dstbtutb`d (êbrn [mpukfbc) bd webce tem prmsbnmdt `h tem rmpukfbc,mfmctmn ky udbvmrsgf suhhrgom h`r g =-ymgr tmrl, gdn g prblm lbdbstmr dglmn ky tem prmsbnmdt segrmmxmcutbvm p`wmr. Gs g rmhfmctb`d `h Dbomr's bdcrmgsbdo p`pufgtb`d, tem udbcglmrgf fmobsfgturm wgsmxpgdnmn bd ;11> t` 773 nmputbms mfmctmn h`r g =-ymgr tmrl udnmr g pr`p`rtb`dgf systml `hrmprmsmdtgtb`d. Q`fbtbcgf pgrtbms lust gttgbd gt fmgst =% `h tem v`tm bd `rnmr t` ogbd g smgt bd tem

fmobsfgturm.

Dbomr's bdnmpmdnmdt iunbcbgf systml bs c`lp`smn `h hùr eboemr cùrts--tem Cùrt `h Gppmgfs, temSuprmlm Cùrt, tem Eboe Cùrt `h Iustbcm, gdn tem C`dstbtutb`dgf Cùrt. Bd Igdugry ;11?, tem Dgtb`dgfGssmlkfy v`tmn t` nbvbnm tem Suprmlm Cùrt bdt` termm eboe cùrts--gd Gnlbdbstrgtbvm Cùrt, gSuprmlm Cùrt `h Iustbcm, gdn gd Gunbt Cùrt.

êm c`dstbtutb`d gfs` pr`vbnms h`r tem p`pufgr mfmctb`d `h ludbcbpgf gdn f`cgf `hhbcbgfs, gdn tem hbrst-mvmr succmsshuf ludbcbpgf mfmctb`ds t``j pfgcm Iufy ;>, ;11>. êm Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy pgssmn bd Iudm;11; g smrbms `h nmcmdtrgfbzgtb`d kbffs. Gs g hbrst stmp, gnlbdbstrgtbvm p`wmrs egvm kmmd nbstrbkutmngl`do ;8= c`lludms (f`cgf cùdcbfs): bd fgtmr stgoms, rmob`ds gdn nmpgrtlmdts wbff km mstgkfbsemn gsnmcmdtrgfbzmn mdtbtbms. G dmw mfmct`rgf c`nm wgs gn`ptmn t` rmhfmct tem nmcmdtrgfbzgtb`d c`dtmxt. êm

cùdtry bs currmdtfy nbvbnmn bdt` 5 rmob`ds, webce grm suknbvbnmn bdt` 38 nbstrbcts (nmpgrtlmdts). êmcebmh gnlbdbstrgt`rs bd mgce rmob`d (O`vmrd`r) gdn nmpgrtlmdt (Qrmhmct) grm gpp`bdtmn ky temo`vmrdlmdt gdn hudctb`d prblgrbfy gs tem f`cgf gomdts `h tem cmdtrgf gute`rbtbms.

êm currmdt fmobsfgturm mfmctmn bd Nmcmlkmr ;11> c`dtgbds smvmd p`fbtbcgf pgrtbms. Qrmsbnmdt Lglgnù^gdnig wgs rm-mfmctmn bd Nmcmlkmr ;11> gdn rmgpp`bdtmn Eglg Glgnù gs Qrblm Lbdbstmr.Lgeglgdm @uslgdm, tem emgn `h tem CNS, wgs rm-mfmctmn Qrmsbnmdt `h tem Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy(pgrfbglmdt) ky ebs pmmrs. êm dmw smc`dn tmrl o`vmrdlmdt `h tem Hbhte [mpukfbc t``j `hhbcm `dNmcmlkmr 31, ;11>. Bd Guoust ;11;, smrbùs udrmst wbtebd tem lbfbtgry `ccurrmn bd Dbglmy, Nbhhg, gdnDoubolb, kut tem o`vmrdlmdt wgs gkfm t` rmst`rm `rnmr wbtebd smvmrgf ngys.

Q[BDCBQGF O@XM[DLMD^ @HHBCBGFS

Qrmsbnmdt gdn Cebmh `h Stgtm--Lglgnù ^gdnigQrblm LbdbstmrSmydb @ulgrùLbdbstmr h H`rmbod Ghhgbrs, C``pmrgtb`d & Ghrbcgd Bdtmorgtb`dGbcegtù LbdngùnùGlkgssgn`r t` tem ]dbtmn Stgtms--Glbdgtg Lgbog Nibkrbffg ^ùrm

Dbomr lgbdtgbds gd mlkgssybd tem ]dbtmn Stgtms gt ;;1> [ Strmmt, D_, _gsebdot`d, NC ;1115 (tmf.;1;->53->;;>/;=/;8/;?) gdn g pmrlgdmdt lbssb`d t` tem ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds gt >7? Mgst =1te Strmmt, DmwR`rj, DR 711;; (tmf. ;7;->;7-3;81).

DMU^ MFMC^B@DS SCEMN]FMN

Qrmsbnmdtbgf mfmctb`ds--D`vmlkmr/Nmcmlkmr ;112, tw` rùdns: d` ngtm smfmctmn.Fmobsfgtbvm mfmctb`ds--Nmcmlkmr ;112: d` ngtm smfmctmn.F`cgf mfmctb`ds--D`t scemnufmn, kut mxpmctmn bd ;115. Fgst f`cgf mfmctb`d wgs bd Iufy ;11>.

MC@D@LR

ONQ (;11=)9 $3.> kbffb`d.Gddugf or`wte rgtm (;11=)9 >.=%.Qmr cgpbtg ONQ (;11=)9 $;51.Gvo. bdhfgtb`d rgtm (;11=)9 8.8%Dgturgf rmsùrcms9 ]rgdbul, o fn, `bf, c`gf, br`d, tbd, gdn pe spegtms.Gorbcufturm (>7% `h ONQ)9Qr`nucts--lbffmt, s`roeul, c`wpmgs, pmgduts, c`tt`d, gdn rbcm.


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Bdnustry (77.=% `h ONQ)9 ^ypms--tmxtbfms, cmlmdt, s`gp, gdn kmvmrgoms.^rgnm (;11=)9Mxp`rts(hrmboet `d k`grn--h.`.k.)--$=1= lbffb`d. ^ypms--urgdbul, fbvmst`cj, c`wpmgs,gdn db`ds.Lgi`r lgrjmts--Hrgdcm >=.?%, Dbomrbg ;1.>%, ]S 72.>% Swbtzmrfgdn >.8%. Blp`rts(h.`.k.)--$88> lbffb`d. ^ypms--c`dsulmr o``ns, pmtr`fmul, h``nstuhhs, gdn bdnustrbgf pr`nucts.Lgi`rsuppfbmrs--Hrgdcm 78.=%, Ctm n'Bv`brm 71%, Dbomrbg 8.3%, Cebdg =.>%.@dm `h tem p``rmst cùdtrbms bd tem w`rfn, rgdjbdo fgst `d tem ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds Eulgd Nmvmf`plmdt

Bdnmx bd k`te ;11= gdn ;118, Dbomr's mc`d`ly bs kgsmn fgromfy `d suksbstmdcm cr`ps, fbvmst`cj, gdns`lm `h tem w`rfn's fgromst urgdbul nmp`sbts. Nrùoet cycfms, nmsmrtbhbcgtb`d, g 3.>% p`pufgtb`dor`wte rgtm, gdn tem udcmrtgbdty `h w`rfn nmlgdn h`r urgdbul jmmp Dbomr's gfrmgny lgrobdgf mc`d`lyvufdmrgkfm t` crbsbs. ^rgnbtb`dgf suksbstmdcm hgrlbdo, emrnbdo, slgff trgnbdo, smgs`dgf lborgtb`d, gdnbdh`rlgf lgrjmts n`lbdgtm gd mc`d`ly tegt omdmrgtms hmw h`rlgf smct`r i`ks.

Dbomr's gorbcufturgf gdn fbvmst`cj smct`rs grm tem lgbdstgy `h gff kut ;1% `h tem p`pufgtb`d. Hùrtmmdpmrcmdt `h Dbomr's ONQ bs omdmrgtmn ky fbvmst`cj pr`nuctb`d--cglmfs, o`gts, semmp, gdn cgttfm--sgbn t`supp`rt ;2% `h tem p`pufgtb`d. êm 7=% `h Dbomr's fgdn tegt bs grgkfm bs hùdn lgbdfy gf`do btssùtemrd k`rnmr wbte Dbomrbg. [gbdhgff vgrbms gdn wemd bdsuhhbcbmdt, Dbomr egs nbhhbcufty hmmnbdo btsp`pufgtb`d gdn lust rmfy `d orgbd purcegsms gdn h``n gbn t` lmmt h``n rmqubrmlmdts. Bd ;11> f`cgfbzmnnrùoet gdn f`cust bdhmstgtb`ds c`dtrbkutmn t` g nr`p bd of`kgf egrvmsts `h 77% gdn fmn tem Mlkgssy t`lgjm g nbsgstmr nmcfgrgtb`d. êbs nmcrmgsm, c`lkbdmn wbte cer`dbc structurgf h``n bdsmcurbty, eboelgfdutrbtb`d, gdn `temr lgrjmt hgct`rs, trboomrmn g h``n crbsbs webce kmogd bd Lgy-Iudm `h ;11=.Gfteùoe h``n smcurbty c`dtbdums t` km g c`dcmrd, tem h``n crbsbs egs mdnmn tegdjs t` o``n cmrmgf

egrvmsts bd ;11= gdn ;118. Lbffmt, s`roeul, gdn cgssgvg grm Dbomr's prbdcbpgf rgbd-hmn suksbstmdcmcr`ps. C`wpmgs gdn `db`ds grm or`wd h`r c`llmrcbgf mxp`rt, gs grm fblbtmn qugdtbtbms `h ogrfbc,pmppmrs, oul grgkbc, gdn smsglm smmns.

Bd tem pgst, h`rmbod mxcegdom mgrdbdos hr`l fbvmst`cj, wmrm smc`dn `dfy t` te`sm hr`l urgdbul. Gs grmsuft `h tem rmcmdt nrùoet, e`wmvmr, mgrdbdos hr`l fbvmst`cj nr`ppmn t` hùrte pfgcm kmebdn urgdbul,`db`d, gdn o`fn mxp`rts. Kmcgusm mgrdbdos hr`l fbvmst`cj mxp`rts grm nbhhbcuft t` qugdtbhy, bd gfffbjmfbe``n gctugf mxp`rts hgr mxcmmn `hhbcbgf stgtbstbcs, webce `htmd hgbf t` nmtmct fgrom emrns `h gdblgfsbdh`rlgffy cr`ssbdo bdt` Dbomrbg. S`lm ebnms gdn sjbds grm mxp`rtmn, gdn s`lm grm trgdsh`rlmn bdtègdnbcrghts. êmrmh`rm, fbvmst`cj c`dtbdums t` km `dm `h Dbomr's l`st blp`rtgdt trgnm c`ll`nbtbms.


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[mcmdt rgpbn of`kgf prbcm bdcrmgsms egvm fmn t` eboemr rmvmdums h`r Dbomr's urgdbul smct`r, webcepr`vbnms gppr`xblgtmfy 31% `h dgtb`dgf mxp`rt pr`cmmns. êm dgtb`d mdi`ymn sukstgdtbgf mxp`rtmgrdbdos gdn rgpbn mc`d`lbc or`wte nurbdo tem 7281s gdn 72?1s ghtmr tem `pmdbdo `h tw` fgromurgdbul lbdms dmgr tem d`rtemrd t`wd `h Grfbt. _emd tem urgdbul-fmn k``l mdnmn bd tem mgrfy 7251s,e`wmvmr, tem mc`d`ly stgodgtmn, gdn dmw bdvmstlmdt sbdcm temd egs kmmd fblbtmn. Gs g rmsuft `h eboemrw`rfn prbcms, Dbomr's tw` urgdbul lbdms--C@LBDGJ's udnmrorùdn lbdm gdn S@LGB['s `pmd-pbt

lbdm--grm mxpmctmn t` bdcrmgsm urgdbul ùtput bd ;11?. êmsm tw` c`lpgdbms grm `wdmn ky g Hrmdce-fmn c`ds`rtbul gdn `pmrgtmn ky Hrmdce bdtmrmsts: e`wmvmr, Cgdgnbgd gdn Cebdmsm c`lpgdbms grmcurrmdtfy stunybdo tem hmgsbkbfbty `h `pmdbdo lbdms bd Dbomr. @utput hr`l gdy p`tmdtbgf dmw lbdmspr`kgkfy cùfn d t `ccur udtbf tem mdn `h ;115 gt tem mgrfbmst.

Mxpf`btgkfm nmp`sbts `h o`fn grm jd`wd t` mxbst bd Dbomr bd tem rmob`d kmtwmmd tem Dbomr [bvmr gdn temk`rnmr wbte Kurjbdg Hgs`. @d @ct`kmr =, ;11> Qrmsbnmdt ^gdnig gddùdcmn tem `hhbcbgf `pmdbdo `h temSglbrg Ebff O`fn Lbdm bd tem rmob`d `h ^mrg gdn tem hbrst Dbomrbmd o`fn bdo`t wgs prmsmdtmn t` ebl.êbs lgrjmn g ebst`rbcgf l`lmdt h`r Dbomr gs tem Sglbrg Ebff O`fn Lbdm rmprmsmdts tem hbrstc`llmrcbgf o`fn pr`nuctb`d bd tem cùdtry. Sglbrg Ebff bs `wdmn ky g c`lpgdy cgffmn SLF (S`cbmtmnms Lbdms nu Fbptgj`), webce bs g i`bdt vmdturm kmtwmmd g L`r`ccgd c`lpgdy--S`cbmtm SMLGH@ Bdc.--gdn g Cgdgnbgd c`lpgdy--M^[]SCGD. K`te c`lpgdbms `wd 51% (>1% - >1%) `h SLF gdn tem

O@D ;1%. Bd ;11=, o`fn wgs Dbomr's tebrn l`st blp`rtgdt mxp`rt, gccùdtbdo h`r 7;.5% `h temcùdtry's t`tgf mxp`rts. Sukstgdtbgf nmp`sbts `h pe`spegtms, c`gf, br`d, fblmst`dm, gdn oypsul gfs` egvmkmmd hùdn bd Dbomr. Dbomr egs `bf p`tmdtbgf. Bd 722;, tem Nign` pmrlbt wgs gwgrnmn t` Eudt @bf, gdnbd ;113 tem ^mdmrm pmrlbt wgs gwgrnmn t` tem Cebdg Dgtb`dgf Qmtr`fmul C`lpgdy. Gd Mxx`d L`kbf-Qmtr`dgs i`bdt vmdturm e`fns tem rboets t` tem Gognml kf`cj, d`rte `h Fgjm Cegn, kut cmgsmnmxpf`rgtb`d gctbvbtbms bd ;118. êm pgrgstgtgf S@DBCEG[ (S`cbt Dborbmddm nm Cegrk`d) bd^cebr`zmrbdm (d`rte `h Gognmz) mxtrgcts c`gf hr`l gd `pmd pbt gdn humfs gd mfmctrbcbty omdmrgtbdo pfgdttegt suppfbms mdmroy t` tem urgdbul lbdms. êmrm grm gnnbtb`dgf c`gf nmp`sbts t` tem sùte gdn wmst tegtgrm `h g eboemr qugfbty gdn lgy km mxpf`btgkfm.

êm mc`d`lbc c`lpmtbtbvmdmss crmgtmn ky tem Igdugry 722> nmvgfugtb`d `h tem C`lludgutHbdgdcbrm Ghrbcgbdm (CHG) hrgdc c`dtrbkutmn t` gd gddugf gvmrgom mc`d`lbc or`wte `h 3.=%

terùoeùt tem lbn-7221s. Kut tem mc`d`ly stgodgtmn num t` tem segrp rmnuctb`d bd h`rmbod gbn bd 7228(webce orgnugffy rmsulmn hr`l ;111) gdn p``r rgbds bd ;111. [mhfmctbdo tem blp`rtgdcm `h temgorbcufturgf smct`r, tem rmturd `h o``n rgbds wgs tem prblgry hgct`r udnmrfybdo mc`d`lbc or`wte `h=.7% bd ;111, 3.7% bd ;117, 8.1% bd ;11;, gdn 3.1% bd ;113. Bd ;11=, tem mc`d`ly se`wmn str`door`wte (?.7% rmgf ONQ or`wte) gs g rmsuft `h tem gorbcufturgf smct`r's rmc`vmry hr`l tem p``r egrvmsts`h ;11>, gdn tem c`dtbdumn or`wte `h d`d-gorbcufturgf smct`rs. Bd ;118, rmgf ONQ or`wte rgtmsstgkbfbzmn gt gd mstblgtmn >.=%.

Bd rmcmdt ymgrs, tem O`vmrdlmdt `h Dbomr nrghtmn rmvbsb`ds t` tem bdvmstlmdt c`nm (722? gdn ;111),pmtr`fmul c`nm (722; gdn ;11?), gdn lbdbdo c`nm (7223), gff wbte gttrgctbvm tmrls h`r bdvmst`rs. êmprmsmdt o`vmrdlmdt gctbvmfy smmjs h`rmbod prbvgtm bdvmstlmdt gdn c`dsbnmrs bt jmy t` rmst`rbdomc`d`lbc or`wte gdn nmvmf`plmdt. _bte tem gssbstgdcm `h tem ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds Nmvmf`plmdt Qròrgl

(]DNQ), bt egs udnmrtgjmd g c`dcmrtmn mhh`rt t` rmvbtgfbzm tem prbvgtm smct`r.

Dbomr segrms g c`ll`d currmdcy, tem CHG hrgdc, gdn g c`ll`d cmdtrgf kgdj, tem Cmdtrgf Kgdj `h_mst Ghrbcgd Stgtms (KCMG@), wbte smvmd `temr lmlkmrs `h tem _mst Ghrbcgd L`dmtgry ]db`d. êm^rmgsury `h tem O`vmrdlmdt `h Hrgdcm suppfmlmdts tem KCMG@'s bdtmrdgtb`dgf rmsmrvms bd `rnmr t`lgbdtgbd g hbxmn rgtm `h 8=8 CHG t` tem mur`.


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MC@D@LBC [MH@[L

Bd Igdugry ;111, Dbomr's dmwfy mfmctmn o`vmrdlmdt bdemrbtmn smrbùs hbdgdcbgf gdn mc`d`lbc pr`kfmls,bdcfunbdo g vbrtugffy mlpty trmgsury, pgst-num sgfgrbms (77 l`dtes `h grrmgrs) gdn sce`fgrsebppgylmdts, bdcrmgsmn nmkt, rmnucmn rmvmdum pmrh`rlgdcm, gdn f`wmr pukfbc bdvmstlmdt. Bd Nmcmlkmr;111, Dbomr qugfbhbmn h`r mdegdcmn nmkt rmfbmh udnmr tem Bdtmrdgtb`dgf L`dmtgry Hudn (BLH) pròrgl

h`r Eboefy Bdnmktmn Q``r Cùdtrbms (EBQC) gdn c`dcfunmn gd gormmlmdt wbte tem Hudn `d g Q`vmrty[mnuctb`d gdn Or`wte Hgcbfbty (Q[OH). Bd Igdugry ;117, Dbomr rmgcemn bts nmcbsb`d p`bdt gdnsuksmqumdtfy rmgcemn bts c`lpfmtb`d p`bdt bd ;11>. ^`tgf rmfbmh hr`l gff `h Dbomr's crmnbt`rs bs w`rtegkùt $521 lbffb`d, c`rrmsp`dnbdo t` gkùt $=;1 lbffb`d bd dmt prmsmdt vgfum (DQX) tmrls, webce bsmqubvgfmdt t` =3.=% `h Dbomr's t`tgf nmkt ùtstgdnbdo gs `h ;111. êm nmkt rmfbmh pr`vbnmn udnmr temmdegdcmn EBQC bdbtbgtbvm sbodbhbcgdtfy rmnucms Dbomr's gddugf nmkt smrvbcm kfbogtb`ds, hrmmbdo gkùt$>1 lbffb`d pmr ymgr `vmr tem c`lbdo ymgrs h`r mxpmdnbturms `d kgsbc emgfte cgrm, prblgry mnucgtb`d,EBX/GBNS prmvmdtb`d, rurgf bdhrgstructurm, gdn `temr pròrgls omgrmn gt p`vmrty rmnuctb`d. êm`vmrgff blpgct `d Dbomr's kunomt bs sukstgdtbgf. Nmkt smrvbcm gs g pmrcmdtgom `h o`vmrdlmdt rmvmdumwgs sfgsemn hr`l dmgrfy >>% bd 7222 t` 71.2% bd ;113 gdn wbff gvmrgom >.3% nurbdo ;171-72. êmnmkt rmfbmh cut nmkt smrvbcm gs g pmrcmdtgom `h mxp`rt rmvmdum hr`l l`rm tegd ;3% t` 5.>% bd ;113, gdnnmcrmgsms bt t` gkùt =% bd fgtmr ymgrs. Bd ;11=, tem BLH cgdcmfmn gff `h Dbomr's nmkts t` bt

(gppr`xblgtmfy $777 lbffb`d), bdcurrmn kmh`rm Igdugry ;11=. Bd ;118, tem Ghrbcgd Nmvmf`plmdt Hudncgdcmfmn $723 lbffb`d bd nmkt h`r Dbomr. Hurtemrl`rm, tem _`rfn Kgdj gddùdcmn tegt gppr`xblgtmfy$?>= lbffb`d bd nmkt rmfbmh h`r Dbomr wùfn km pegsmn bd `vmr tem dmxt 3? ymgrs.

Bd gnnbtb`d t` strmdotemdbdo tem kunomtgry pr`cmss gdn pukfbc hbdgdcms, tem O`vmrdlmdt `h Dbomr egsmlkgrjmn `d gd glkbtbùs pròrgl t` prbvgtbzm 7; stgtm-`wdmn c`lpgdbms. Gs `h Igdugry ;11=, smvmdegn kmmd huffy prbvgtbzmn, bdcfunbdo tem wgtmr gdn tmfmpe`dm utbfbtbms, wbte tem rmlgbdnmr t` kmprbvgtbzmn bd ;11=. G dmwfy bdstgffmn luftbsmct`rgf rmoufgt`ry gomdcy wbff emfp mdsurm hrmm gdn hgbrc`lpmtbtb`d gl`do tem dmwfy prbvgtbzmn c`lpgdbms gdn tembr prbvgtm smct`r c`lpmtbt`rs. Bd bts mhh`rt t`c`ds`fbngtm lgcr`mc`d`lbc stgkbfbty udnmr tem Q[OH, tem o`vmrdlmdt bs gfs` tgjbdo gctb`ds t` rmnucmc`rruptb`d, gdn gs tem rmsuft `h g pgrtbcbpgt`ry pr`cmss mdc`lpgssbdo cbvbf s`cbmty, egs nmvbsmn gQ`vmrty [mnuctb`d Strgtmoy Qfgd tegt h`cusms `d blpr`vbdo emgfte, prblgry mnucgtb`d, rurgf

bdhrgstructurm, gorbcufturgf pr`nuctb`d, mdvbr`dlmdtgf pr`tmctb`d, gdn iunbcbgf rmh`rl.

H@[MBOD GBN

êm l`st blp`rtgdt n`d`rs bd Dbomr grm Hrgdcm, tem Mur`pmgd ]db`d, tem _`rfn Kgdj, tem BLH, gdn]D gomdcbms--]DNQ, ]DBCMH, HG@, _HQ, gdn ]DHQG. @temr n`d`rs bdcfunm tem ]dbtmn Stgtms,Kmfobul, Omrlgdy, Swbtzmrfgdn, Igpgd, Cebdg, Btgfy, Fbkyg, Moypt, L`r`cc`, Brgd, Nmdlgrj, Cgdgng,gdn Sgunb Grgkbg. _ebfm tem ].S. Gomdcy h`r Bdtmrdgtb`dgf Nmvmf`plmdt (]SGBN) n`ms d`t egvm gd`hhbcm bd Dbomr, tem ]dbtmn Stgtms bs g lgi`r n`d`r, c`dtrbkutbdo `d gvmrgom $7; lbffb`d mgce ymgr t`Dbomr's nmvmf`plmdt. Bd ;118 Dbomr qugfbhbmn h`r Lbffmddbul Cegffmdom Gccùdt termse`fn stgtus,rgbsbdo tem pr`spmct `h sbodbhbcgdt ].S. O`vmrdlmdt bdvmstlmdt bd smct`rs bdcfunbdo kgsbc mnucgtb`d.êm ]dbtmn Stgtms gfs` bs g lgi`r pgrtdmr bd p`fbcy c``rnbdgtb`d bd h``n smcurbty, mnucgtb`d, wgtmrlgdgomlmdt gdn EBX/GBNS smct`rs. êm blp`rtgdcm `h mxtmrdgf supp`rt h`r Dbomr's nmvmf`plmdt bs

nml`dstrgtmn ky tem hgct tegt gkùt >=% `h tem o`vmrdlmdt's HR ;11; kunomt, bdcfunbdo 51% `h btscgpbtgf kunomt, nmrbvmn hr`l n`d`r rmsùrcms.

H@[MBOD [MFG^B@DS

Dbomr pursums g l`nmrgtm h`rmbod p`fbcy gdn lgbdtgbds hrbmdnfy rmfgtb`ds wbte tem _mst gdn tem Bsfglbcw`rfn gs wmff gs d`dgfbodmn cùdtrbms. Bt kmf`dos t` tem ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds gdn bts lgbd spmcbgfbzmngomdcbms gdn bd 7251-57 smrvmn `d tem ]D Smcurbty Cùdcbf. Dbomr lgbdtgbds g spmcbgf rmfgtb`dsebpwbte Hrgdcm gdn mdi`ys cf`sm rmfgtb`ds wbte bts _mst Ghrbcgd dmboek`rs. Bt bs g cegrtmr lmlkmr `h temGhrbcgd ]db`d gdn tem _mst Ghrbcgd L`dmtgry ]db`d gdn gfs` kmf`dos t` tem Dbomr [bvmr gdn Fgjm


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73

Cegn Kgsbd C`llbssb`ds, tem Mc`d`lbc C`lludbty `h _mst Ghrbcgd Stgtms, tem D`dgfbodmnL`vmlmdt, gdn tem @rogdbzgtb`d `h tem Bsfglbc C`dhmrmdcm.

DBOM[S NMXMF@QLMD^GF C@D^MU^

Nurbdo l`rm tegd g nmcgnm (72?17251), Dbomr kmdmhbtmn hr`l sbodbhbcgdt hbdgdcbgf rmsùrcmsomdmrgtmn ky g eboe nmlgdn h`r urgdbul. êbs sbtugtb`d cegdomn nrgstbcgffy h`ff`wbdo tem mc`d`lbccrbsbs `h tem mgrfy 7251s, webce wgs cgusmn ky g nmcfbdm bd nmlgdn h`r urgdbul gdn tw` smvmrmnrùoets. Dbomr temd mdnurmn g pmrb`n `h p`fbtbcgf udrmst bd 7221;111 tegt wgs nmtrblmdtgf t` btss`cbmty gdn mc`d`ly. ebs udrmst fmn t` p`fbtbcgf gdn bdstbtutb`dgf bdstgkbfbty, webce wgs d`t c`dnucbvmt` rmlmnbgf gctb`d `r mc`d`lbc rmc`vmry, mxgcmrkgtbdo p`vmrty bd urkgd, gs wmff gs rurgf, c`lludbtbms.Dmvmrtemfmss, Dbomrs mc`d`ly, n`lbdgtmn ky suksbstmdcm hgrlbdo, rmgrbdo fbvmst`cj, bdh rlgf trgnm,gdn g nmcfbdbdo lbdbdo smct`r, mxpmrbmdcmn sfboet or`wte nurbdo tem 7221;111 nmcgnm, wbte gddugfgvmrgom rmgf or`wte `h 7.2 pmrcmdt.

êm p`fbtbcgf sbtugtb`d egs blpr`vmn lgrjmnfy bd tem pgst termm ymgrs. êm bdstgtmlmdt `h tem hbrsto`vmrdlmdt `h tem Hbhte [mpukfbc bd Nmcmlkmr 7222, ghtmr prmsbnmdtbgf gdn fmobsfgtbvm mfmctb`ds, mdnmng tmd-ymgr pmrb`n `h p`fbtbcgf gdn bdstbtutb`dgf bdstgkbfbty. Bdtmrruptmn bd Hmkrugry 7222, tem


14/45

7>

nmcmdtrgfbzgtb`d pr`cmss wgs rmfgudcemn ky tem o`vmrdlmdt bd ;117 t` strmdotemd nml`crgcy, blpr`vmtem lgdgomlmdt `h pukfbc rmsùrcms, gdn pr`l`tm o``n o`vmrdgdcm. Fgws h`r tem rm-mstgkfbselmdt `hnmcmdtrgfbzmn p`wmr bd Dbomr wmrm gppr`vmn ky tem Dgtb`dgf Gssmlkfy bd Gprbf ;11;, ghtmr temo`vmrdlmdt mdtmrmn bdt` nbscussb`ds wbte tem pukfbc gdn dmo`tbgtb`ds wbte mfmctmn `hhbcbgfs (k`te temprmsbnmdtbgf lgi`rbty gdn tem `pp`sbtb`d).

êm o`vmrdlmdts gn`ptb`d `h tem Q[S bd Igdugry ;11; strmdotemdmn tem gute`rbtbms c`llbtlmdt t`c`lkgtbdo p`vmrty mhhbcbmdtfy gdn c`dsbstmdtfy webfm hurtemrbdo o``n o`vmrdgdcm. êm strbnms lgnm bdsuk-rmob`dgf bdtmorgtb`d, mdvbr`dlmdtgf c`dsmrvgtb`d, gdn tem crmgtb`d h c`dnbtb`ds c`dnucbvm t`hurtemrbdo tem r`fm `h w`lmd gff guour wmff h`r tem cùdtrys c`llbtlmdt t` sustgbdgkfm nmvmf`plmdt.Dmvmrtemfmss, tem fmvmf `h udnmrnmvmf`plmdt, tem wmgj mc`d`ly, gdn tem rmnucmn pr`spmcts h`rlgrjmts `h urgdbul gdn `temr rgw lgtmrbgfs wbff c`dtbdum t` p`sm smrbùs cegffmdoms h`r tem cùdtrygdn bts tmcedbcgf gdn hbdgdcbgf pgrtdmrs.

(^mxt hr`l Qfgd Bdtmrdgtb`dgf _mk sbtm, rmprbdtmn emrm wbte pmrlbssb`d `h Qfgd Dbomr)

^`pbc Dbomr dulkmrs Bd pmrspmctbvm

^`tgf grmg9 >52,752 sq. lb

(7,;8?,111 sq.lb.)

Sfboetfy fmss tegd twbcm tem sbzm `h ^mxgs. Hbvm tblms tem sbzm `h

tem ]dbtmn Jbdon`l.

Q`pufgtb`d9 77,2?;,111(;113)

[ùoefy egfh `h ^mxgss p`pufgtb`d (sprmgn `vmr twbcm bts grmg).

Q`pufgtb`dnmdsbty9

2 pm`pfm pmrsqugrm jbf`lmtmr

Bd tem ]dbtmn Jbdon`l (p`pufgtb`d 81 lbffb`d), gd gvmrgom `h ;>>pm`pfm fbvm bd mgce squgrm jbf lmtmr lgjbdo tem ]J ;? tblms gsnmdsmfy p`pufgtmn gs Dbomr.;

Cgpbtgf cbty9 Dbglmy,?>5,8113

Q`pufgtb`dnbstrbkutb`d9

52% bdrurgf grmgs `rt`wds>

@vmr 71 lbffb`d Dbomrbmds fbvm bd rurgf, pgst`rgf grmgs `r t`wds.@dfy `dm bd 71 Dbomrbmds (77%) fbvm bd bts sbx fgromst cbtbmsDbglmy, Ybdnmr gdn Lgrgnb (p`pufgtb`d 4 711,111), gs wmff gs

Gognmz, Grfbt gdn ^geùg (p`pufgtb`d9 =1,111 t` 711,111).=Grgkfm fgdn9 @dfy >% `h t`tgf Luce `h tem p`pufgtb`d fbvms gf`do tem dgrr`w hmrtbfm kmft sùte h

tem Dbomr [bvmr. êm rmst bs n`lbdgtmn ky tem Sgegrg gdn temSgemf, gdn bs d`t gkfm t` km cuftbvgtmn.

Mtedbcorùps9

Egusg, =8%Nimrlg, ;;%Hufg, 5.=%ûgrmo, >.3%Kmrb Kmrb, 7.;%@temr, 5% (m.o.,Grgk, ^ùkù,Oùrlgdtcem)

Mtedbc Orùps bd Dbomr

Egusg

Nimrlg

Hufg

ûgrmo

Kmrb Kmrb

@temr

Qmr cgpbtg ]S$;11/ymgr Dbomrs pmr cgpbtg bdc`lm bs >1% `h tem gvmrgom Suk-Sgegrgd

;^gom`.c`l, g ngtgkgsm `h omòrgpebc c``rnbdgtm bdh`rlgtb`d webce pr`vbnms bdh`rlgtb`d `d l`rm

tegd ;.8 lbffb`d cbtbms grùdn tem w`rfn.3Bkbn.

>Bkbn.

=Bkbn.


15/45

7=

^`pbc Dbomr dulkmrs Bd pmrspmctbvm

bdc`lm9 (;113) Ghrbcgds gddugf bdc`lm (]S$>28). @dfy termm _mst Ghrbcgdcùdtrbms egvm g f`wmr pmr cgpbtg bdc`lm tegd Dbomr.

Fbhmmxpmctgdcy9

>8 ymgrs (;113) @dfy termm _mst Ghrbcgd cùdtrbms egvm g f`wmr fbhm mxpmctgdcytegd Dbomr.

]dnmr =

l`rtgfbtyrgtm9

;8;/7,111 fbvm

kbrtes (;113)

Dbomr bs smc`dn `dfy t` Sbmrrg Fm`dm (;5>) ùt `h 72= cùdtrbms `d

tem ]dbtmn Dgtb`ds eulgd nmvmf`plmdt bdnmx.

Gccmss t`sghm wgtmr9

>8% (;11=)8 Hmwmr tegd egfh `h Dbomrbmds egvm gccmss t` gd blpr`vmn nrbdjbdowgtmr sùrcm. êm rmst rmfy `d mxp`smn wmffs, rbvmrs `r p`dns,webce tmdn t` km c`dtglbdgtmn.

Sùrcm (udfmss temrwbsm bdnbcgtmn ky h``td`tm)9 ]DBCMHs Stgtm h tem _`rfns Cebfnrmd [mp`rt;11=.

L`dmtgry udbt9 CHG HrgdcFgdougoms9Hrmdce (`hhbcbgf), Egusg, Nimrlg[mfbob`ds9Bsfgl 51%, bdnbomdùs kmfbmhs gdn Cerbstbgd ;1%^rgdsp`rtgtb`d9[gbfwgys9 1 jl. Eboewgys9 t`tgf9 71,711 jl: pgvmn9 ?25 jl: udpgvmn9 2,31; jl

(7222 mst.). _gtmrwgys9 tem Dbomr bs dgvbogkfm 311 jl hr`l Dbglmy t` Ogyg `d tem Kmdbd hr`dtbmrhr`l lbn-Nmcmlkmr terùoe Lgrce. Q`rts gdn egrk`rs9 d`dm. Gbrp`rts9 ;? (;11;).

8êm _`rfn Emgfte @rogdbzgtb`d gdn ]DBCMH, I`bdt L`dbt`rbdo Qròrgllm h`r _gtmr Suppfy gdn

Sgdbtgtb`d, Igdugry ;11= (ettp9//www.cebfnbdh`.`ro/grmgs/wgtmr/stgtus.pep).


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78

Lgbd pukfbc emgfte bssums gdn c`dcmrds

EMGFÊ S^G^]S

Bdhgdt gdn udnmr-hbvm l`rtgfbty rgtms grm 7=8 gdn ;8= pmr 711,111 fbvm kbrtes rmspmctbvmfy.Dgtb`dwbnm, >1% `h udnmr-hbvm cebfnrmd suhhmr hr`l lgfdutrbtb`d, >1% suhhmr hr`l studtbdogdn 7>% hr`l wgstbdo. @dfy ;% `h cebfnrmd gomn fmss tegd hùr l`dtes grm mxcfusbvmfykrmgsthmn.

êm sbtugtb`d `h w`lmd bs cegrgctmrbzmn ky tem eboemst hmrtbfbty rgtm bd tem rmob`d (5 cebfnrmdpmr w`lgd), g wbnm omdnmr ogp bd tmrls `h emgfte, mnucgtb`d gdn fbtmrgcy gdn g eboe lgtmrdgfl`rtgfbty rgtm gt 7,811/711,111 fbvm kbrtes (]DNQ ;11>). @dfy 78% `h kbrtes tgjm pfgcm bdemgfte hgcbfbtbms gdn 7=% wbte sjbffmn gttmdngdcm.

[moufgr ùtkrmgjs `h vgccbdm prmvmdtgkfm nbsmgsms (lmgsfms, lmdbdobtbs) gdn `h wgtmr-k`rdmgdn nbgrre`mgf nbsmgsms (ce`fmrg, sebomff`sbs, type`bn) grm rmp`rtmn. Gcutm rmspbrgt`rybdhmctb`ds, vmct`r-k`rdm nbsmgsms (lgfgrbg, ymff`w hmvmr, Ghrbcgd sfmmpbdo sbcjdmss, fylpegtbchbfgrbgsbs, `dce`cmrcbgsbs), tukmrcuf`sbs gdn EBX/GBNS grm blp`rtgdt pukfbc emgfte pr`kfmls bdtem cùdtry.

Lgfgrbg, `h webce 21-2=% bs num t` Q. hgfcbpgrul, bs rmsp`dsbkfm h`r 31% `h ùtpgtbmdt

c`dsuftgtb`ds gdn bs `dm `h tem hbrst cgusms `h l`rkbnbty wbte gd gvmrgom `h 5=1,111 cgsms pmrymgr, `r gd bdcbnmdcm `h 51 pmr 7,111. Cebfnrmd udnmr hbvm =1% `h udnmr-hbvm nmgtes grm numt` lgfgrbg gdn prmodgdt w`lmd grm tem l`st vufdmrgkfm. (Cef`r`qubdm bs stbff hbrst fbdm nruoh`r udc`lpfbcgtmn lgfgrbg).

Lmgsfms ùtkrmgjs grm rmcurrmdt wbte gd gvmrgom `h >3,111 cgsms pmr ymgr. êm fgst ùtkrmgj bd;11> ghhmctmn `vmr 8;,111. G survmy se`wmn tegt tem hgtgfbty rgtm bs grùdn 2%. Lmdbdobtbs bsmdnmlbc gdn tem dulkmr gdn hrmqumdcy `h ùtkrmgjs bs bdcrmgsbdo.

Ce`fmrg gppmgrs mvmry wbdtmr bd tem sùte `h tem cùdtry, termgtmdbdo grùdn 53% `h tem t`tgfp`pufgtb`d gdn jbffbdo kmtwmmd 7 gdn =% `h bts vbctbls. @dfy >3% `h tem p`pufgtb`d egs gccmsst` cfmgd wgtmr gdn `dfy 75% t` sgdbtgtb`d.

êm dgtb`dgf EBX/GBNS prmvgfmdcm bs mstblgtmn gt 7.;% h`r tem gnuft p`pufgtb`d, ;=.8% h`rc`llmrcbgf smx w`rjmrs gdn 3.8% h`r s`fnbmrs. Gkùt >,511 pmrs`ds nbmn `h GBNS bd ;113.

ûkmrcuf`sbs prmvgfmdcm bs mstblgtmn gt 3% gdn bdcbnmdcm gt 7.= pmr 7,111.

EMGFÊ SRS^ML

êm emgfte systml bs `rogdbzmn bd termm fmvmfs, c`rrmsp`dnbdo t` tem gnlbdbstrgtbvm nbvbsb`d `htem cùdtry9

êm cmdtrgf gnlbdbstrgtb`d nmcbnms `d tem omdmrgf strgtmoy gdn ruds tem dgtb`dgfe`spbtgfs gdn emgfte cmdtrms:

êm smc`dn rmob`dgf fmvmf c`vmrs tem mboet Nbrmctb`ds odrgfms nm fg sgdt pukfbqum(N[SQ), rmprmsmdtmn ky tem sbx rmob`dgf e`spbtgfs gdn tw` rmhmrmdcm lgtmrdbtbms: gdn,

êm tebrn fmvmf bdcfunms >; Mqubpms cgnrms nu nbstrbct (MCN) bd >; nbstrbct e`spbtgfsgdn tem gss`cbgtmn dmtw`rj `h =?5 Cmdtrm nm sgdt bdtors gdn 7,;17 cgsms nm sgdt.

êm prbvgtm smct`r bdcfunms grùdn ;11 emgfte mstgkfbselmdts, smvmd suppfy cmdtrms gdn >;prbvgtm pegrlgcbms.

êm emgfte systml bs udnmr-rmsùrcmn. L`rm tegd =1% `h tem p`pufgtb`d n`ms d`t egvm gccmsst` emgfte smrvbcms. êm qugfbty `h gvgbfgkfm emgfte smrvbcms gdn tembr c`vmrgom grm k`te smvmrmfyfblbtmn. Qukfbc emgfte pròrgllms grm `vmrstrmtcemn. Emgfte smrvbcm usmrs egvm t` pgysukstgdtbgf cegroms.

Dgtb`dwbnm, temrm bs `dm emgfte cmdtrm pmr ;=,111 pmrs`ds, `dm pegrlgcy pmr ;;,=11 pmrs`ds,`dm lgtmrdbty kmn pmr =?? kbrtes gdn `dm pgmnbgtrbc kmn pmr 73,=>1 cebfnrmd udnmr 7= ymgrs `hgom. êm rgtb`s vgry nmpmdnbdo `d tem rmob`d gdn vmry p`pufùs grmgs suce gs Lgrgnb, ^geùg,Ybdnmr gdn ^bffgkmrb grm tem fmgst c`vmrmn.


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7?

Lgbd smct`r prb`rbtbms

êm rmcmdt Hfgse Gppmgf fbsts tem h`ff`wbdo emgfte prb`rbtbms t` mdsurm tem survbvgf `h tem p`pufgtb`d9

Mdsurbdo tegt mssmdtbgf, rmfbgkfm gdn ghh`rngkfm emgfte cgrm smrvbcms grm gvgbfgkfm h`r gff:

Strmdotemdbdo tem mxbstbdo survmbffgdcm gdn mgrfy wgrdbdo gdn rmsp`dsm systml t` l`dbt`rc`lludbcgkfm nbsmgsms, gssmssbdo survbvgf rgtms gdn dutrbtb`dgf stgtus gdn blpr`vbdo tem emgftesystml pmrh`rlgdcm:

[mcupmrgtbdo lgfdùrbsemn cebfnrmd udnmr hbvm gdn prmodgdt gdn fgctgtbdo w`lmd terùoetemrgpmutbc gdn suppfmlmdtgry hmmnbdo:

Supp`rtbdo mxbstbdo emgfte smrvbcms t` prmvmdt lgfdutrbtb`d gdn c`lludbcgkfm nbsmgsms, gdn

Strmdotemdbdo emgfte smct`r c``rnbdgtb`d gdn bdh`rlgtb`d lgdgomlmdt.

Dbomr bs gfs` c`vmrmn ky tem CGQ ;11= h`r _mst Ghrbcg, webce cgffs h`r g rmob`dgf strgtmoy t`c`lpfmlmdt `d-o`bdo emgfte pròrgllms bd bdnbvbnugf cùdtrbms gdn tgromt tem udlmt dmmns `hvufdmrgkfm p`pufgtb`ds, mspmcbgffy w`lmd gdn cebfnrmd. êm CGQ puts mlpegsbs `d tem pr`vbsb`d `h9

Wugfbty prmvmdtbvm gdn curgtbvm emgfte cgrm h`r vufdmrgkfm p`pufgtb`ds terùoe strmdotemdbdo hprblgry emgfte cgrm smrvbcms, rùtbdm blludbzgtb`d smrvbcms gdn dutrbtb`d suppfmlmdtgtb`d:

[mfbgkfm fgk`rgt`ry smrvbcms h`r nbgod`sbdo Fgssg hmvmr gdn `temr bdhmctbùs nbsmgsms: Strmdotemdmn rmpr`nuctbvm emgfte smrvbcms, bdcfunbdo SOKX cgsm lgdgomlmdt, mspmcbgffy h`r

w`lmd gdn yùte: gdn Strmdotemdmn Smxugffy ^rgdslbttmn Bdhmctb`ds (S^B) cgsm lgdgomlmdt, EBX/GBNS prmvmdtb`d

gdn gwgrmdmss-rgbsbdo pròrgllms.

êm CGQ gfs` gnv`cgtms h`r g rmbdh`rcmn dgtb`dgf cgpgcbty t` l`dbt`r gdn rmsp`dn t` nbsmgsm ùtkrmgjsgdn h`r ormgtmr c``rnbdgtb`d gl`do nbhhmrmdt gct`rs (bdcfunbdo udbh`rlmn h`rcms) k`te wbtebd cùdtrbmsgdn gcr`ss k`rnmrs.

Emgfte gctb`ds bd crbsms ettp9//www.we .bdt/egc/crbsms/dmr/kgcjorùdn/pr`hbfm/md/bdnmx.etlf


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_gtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d

_gtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d grm hudnglmdtgf t` temnmvmf`plmdt pr`cmss, bdhfumdcbdo mc`d`lbc nmvmf`plmdt,gorbcufturm, mlpf`ylmdt, eùsbdo, emgfte gdn dulmrùs

`temr smct rs. êmsm kmdmhbts grm sprmgn kr`gnfy gcr`sss`cbmtgf c`dcmrds. E`wmvmr, supp`rt gdn hbdgdcbdo h`rwgtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d prìmcts grm usugffy l`stmhhmctbvmfy iustbhbmn `d emgfte orùdns. Gs Nr. EgfhngdLgefmr, h`rlmr Nbrmct`r-Omdmrgf `h tem _`rfn Emgfte@rogdbzgtb`d, sgbn, êm dulkmr `h wgtmr tgps pmr 7,111pmrs`ds bs g kmttmr bdnbcgt`r `h emgfte tegd tem dulkmr `he`spbtgf kmns.

Emgfte kmdmhbts rmsuft hr`l blpr`vmn qugfbty gdn bdcrmgsmn qugdtbtbms `h wgtmr, gnmqugtm sgdbtgtb`dhgcbfbtbms, gdn cegdoms bd eyobmdm kmegvb`r. H`r g dulkmr `h wgtmrk`rdm nbsmgsms (m.o., oubdmg w`rlgdn ce`fmrg), trgdslbssb`d `ccurs gs g nbrmct rmsuft `h nrbdjbdo c`dtglbdgtmn wgtmr. Bd `temr cgsms, temtrgdslbssb`d cycfm bs terùoe c`dtgct wbte bt (scebst`s`lbgsbs). _gtmr gfs` pr`vbnms g krmmnbdo sbtm h`rnbsmgsm cgrrybdo vmct`rs, suce gs lgfgrbg-kmgrbdo l`squbt ms. Bdgnmqugtm wgtmr h`r wgsebdo egdns gdnc``jbdo utmdsbfs gdn p``r sgdbtgtb`d prgctbcms `htmd rmsuft bd nbgrremgf nbsmgsms. Nbsmgsm gdn p``remgfte mxgct g emgvy kurnmd `d tem mc`d`ly, tem c`lludbty, tem hglbfy, gdn tem bdnbvbnugf.Blpr`vmlmdts bd wgtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d cgd rmnucm tem bdcbnmdcm `h lgdy `h temsm nbsmgsms `rmfblbdgtm teml mdtbrmfy.

Stuny ghtmr stuny bdnbcgtms tegt cebfnrmd kmdmhbt ormgtfy hr`l blpr`vmlmdts bd wgtmr suppfy gdnsgdbtgtb`d. Blpr`vmn wgtmr suppfbms gdn sgdbtgtb`d prgctbcms grm bdstrulmdtgf bd rmnucbdo bdhgdtl`rtgfbty, prmvmdtbdo nbgrremg, gdn blpr`vbdo cebfn dutrbtb`d gdn `vmrgff emgfte, gdn tebs hgct cgd gdnseùfn km usmn gs g p`wmrhuf fmvmr bd ogrdmrbdo supp`rt h`r wgtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d blpr`vmlmdts.

Bd gnnbtb`d, udfbjm lgdy `temr typms `h emgfte bdtmrvmdtb`ds, wgtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d blpr`vmlmdtsrmsuft bd g we`fm rgdom `h smc`dngry, d`d-emgfte kmdmhbts. êmy pr`vbnm mc`d`lbc kmdmhbts h`r temp`pufgtb`d gs g we`fm gdn h`r w`lmd bd pgrtbcufgr ky rmnucbdo tem tblm spmdt bd omttbdo wgtmr.]dh`rtudgtmfy, bt cgd km nbhhbcuft t` nml`dstrgtm tem lgdy kmdmhbts `h blpr`vmn wgtmr gdn sgdbtgtb`dc`dcfusbvmfy terùoe c`dvmdtb`dgf c`st mhhmctbvmdmss tmcedbqums.

_gtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d hgcbfbtbms grm dmcmssgry kut d`t gfwgys suhhbcbmdt ky temlsmfvms t` gcebmvmsukstgdtbgf nbsmgsm rmnuctb`d. [gtemr tegd se`wbdo gd bllmnbgtm gdn nbrmct blpgct `d nbsmgsmrmnuctb`d, wgtmr suppfy gdn sgdbtgtb`d hgcbfbtbms gppmgr t` egvm g f`do-rud luftbpfbmr mhhmct tegtrmnucms l`rtgfbty gs g rmsuft `h mdvbr`dlmdtgf blpr`vmlmdt. @dm `h tem hmw smts `h ngtg gvgbfgkfmc`rr`k`rgtms tebs mhhmct. Bt bdnbcgtms tegt bd urkgd Hrgdcm bd tem dbdmtmmdte cmdtury, segrp nr`ps bd

l`rtgfbty pgttmrds c`bdcbnmn wbte tem bdtr`nuctb`d `h pbpmn wgtmr gdn smwmr systmls. Mvbnmdcm gfs`suoomsts tegt dmogtbvm emgfte mhhmcts luftbpfy up`d tem nmcfbdm `h gnmqugtm wgtmr gdn sgdbtgtb`d. H`rmxglpfm, tem rmturd `h ce`fmrg t` Fgtbd Glmrbcg bd 7227 lgy km smmd gs gd bdnbcgtb`d tegt wgtmr gdnsgdbtgtb`d c`dnbtb`ds grm w`rsmdbdo gs bdcrmgsmn p`pufgtb`d gdn urkgdbzgtb`d strmtce tem rmsùrcms `hgfrmgny p``r cùdtrbms t` tem krmgjbdo p`bdt.


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Sgdbtgtb`d bd Dbomr

Sgdbtgtb`d, tem usm `h eyobmdbc lmgsurms suce gs nrgbdgom, vmdtbfgtb`d, purm wgtmr suppfy, mtc., bd Dbomrpfgys g lgi`r r`fm bd emgfte, gs bd tem rmst `h tem w`rfn. _emrm gdn e`w `htmd wgtmr bs `ktgbdmn blpgctsemgfte sbdcm bt nmtmrlbdms tem qugdtbty gdn qugfbty `h wgtmr. @vmrgff, `dfy >3% `h Dbomrbmds egvmgccmss t` sghm nrbdjbdo wgtmr gdn tebs hbourm nr`ps t` 38% bd rurgf grmgs.

êm lgbd sùrcm `h wgtmr h`r rurgf Dbomrbmds bs temc`lludbty wmff (trgnbtb`dgf `r cmlmdt) f`cgtmnwbtebd wgfjbdo nbstgdcm t` g lgi`rbty `h pm`pfm.Gkùt `dm hbhte `h rurgf Dbomrbmds `ktgbd tembrnrbdjbdo wgtmr hr`l cmlmdt `r pr`tmctmnwmffs/pulps. Qulps grm l`rm rgrm tegd wmffs gdntemy vgry kmtwmmd h``t, egdn, s`fgr, omdmrgt`r rud,mtc.: gff hùdn bd vgrb us vbffgoms. Fmss tegd ?% `htem p`pufgtb`d kmdmhbts hr`l nrbdjbdo wgtmr hgucmtsgt tembr e`lms gdn tem lgi`rbty `h temsm grm hùdn bdfgromr cbtbms. êm rmlgbdnmr `h tem p`pufgtb`d `ktgbds

tembr wgtmr hr`l trgnbtb`dgf wmffs, smgs`dgf p`dns,tem rbvmr gdn smgs`dgf rbvmrs, gdn Ogrug (wgtmrnmfbvmry hr`l cbty hgucmts) bd fgromr cbtbms.

êmrm grm sgdbtgtb`d bssums wbte mgce h`rl `h wgtmr. êm l`st `kvbùs grm smgs`dgf p`dns gdn rbvmrs,tem Dbomr rbvmr, gdn trgnbtb`dgf wmffs. D`dm `h temsm grm c`dsbnmrmn t`km sbtms `h sghm nrbdjbdo wgtmr num t` vgrbùs c`dtglbdgtb`d sùrcms (s`bf, gdblgf/eulgd urbdm/hmcms,pgrgsbtms, mtc.). Sùrcms `h c`dtglbdgtb d grm fmss mvbnmdt wbte rmogrn t cmlmdt c`lludbty wmffs.

C`dsbnmr tebs, tem c`lludbty wmff bs tem sùrcm `h gff wgtmr h`r pm`pfm gdn gdblgfs bd tem grmg._`lmd gdn lmd wgfj, s`lmtblms f`do, nbstgdcms t` tem wmff. _emd temy rmgce tem wmff temy krbdonbsmgsm t` bt `d tem k`tt`ls `h tembr se`ms. êmy pfgcm tembr kucjmts/cgddmrbms `d tem orùdn wemrmtemy egvm stmppmn, temd temy mxtrgct tem wgtmr hr`l tem wmff usbdo rukkmr kucjmt-fbjm c`dtgbdmrsgttgcemn t` r`pm. @htmd temrm grm `dfy g egdnhuf `h temsm c`dtgbdmrs t` mxtrgct wgtmr, s` smvmrgf hglbfbmswbff usm tem sglm `dm. Gs temy puff tem wgtmr up ky tem r`pm hr`l tem wmff temy nr`p tem mxtrg r`pm `dtem orùdn gdn temyff `htmd stmp `d bt webfm temy o` gkùt hbffbdo tembr kucjmts/cgddmrbms, cegttbdo, mtc.gt tem wmff. Mgce tblm tem c`dtgbdmr o`ms bdt` tem wmff bt bs c`dtglbdgtmn wbte tem nbrt, kgctmrbg, mtc.tegt pm`pfm krbdo t` bt `d tem k`tt`ls `h tembr se`ms/hmmt. Gfs`, gdblgfs wbff htmd gppr`gce tem wmff(rboet dmxt t` bt) f``jbdo h`r wgtmr. êmy gfs` krbdo nbrt gdn `temr nbsmgsms wbte teml. S`lmtblmsgdblgfs fgrom gdn slgff wbff hgff bd tem wmff, hurtemr c`dtglbdgtbdo tebs prmcbùs s urcm `h wgtmr. @dcmtemy omt tebs wgtmr bt bs temd cgrrbmn kgcj t` tem hglbfy eùsme`fn, gf`do wbte tem nbsmgsms, wemrm bt bsst`rmn bd fgrom cgddmrbms, `r fmht bd kucjmts mxp`smn t` tem wbdn, gdblgfs, mtc. Qulp wgtmr bs ky hgr temcfmgdmst, gdn udh`rtudgtmfy tem fmgst gvgbfgkfm sùrcm, kut bt stbff cgd km c`dtglbdgtmn bh bt bs d`t st`rmnpr`pmrfy (c`vmrmn bd g cfmgd c`dtgbdmr).

C`dcmrdbdo `temr sgdbtgtb`d bssums, suce gs gccmss t` fgtrbdms/t`bfmts gdn wgstm nbsp`sgf, `dfy >% `h temrurgf p`pufgtb`d egvm gccmss t` gnmqugtm sgdbtgtb`d c`lpgrmn wbte 82%


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bd urkgd smttbdos. êm vgst lgi`rbty `h Dbomrbmds n` d`tegvm gccmss t` fgtrbdms gdn bdstmgn utbfbzm tem hglbfyse`wmr grmg gdn tem hbmfns cf`smst t` tembr eùsm t` lmmttembr dmmns h`r urbdm gdn mxcrmlmdt nbsp`sgf. [mhusm bsnbsp`smn `h gt tem mnom `h tem vbffgom `htmd dmgr `r `dh``tpgtes. [ud`hh hr`l hglbfy se`wmr grmgs rmlgbds

stgodgdt gdn `pmd t` tem mdvbr`dlmdt.

êus, wbdn, gdblgfs gdn pm`pfm cgrry nbsmgsm hr`l temsm grmgs `h nbsp`sgf kgcj bdt` tem hglbfymdvbr`dlmdt `r t` tem wgtmr sùrcm.

Cufturgf c`dsbnmrgtb`ds bd Dbomr

êm fmht egdn êm Dbomrbmd p`pufgtb`d `vmrgff gv`bns usbdo tem fmht egdn gs tem fmht egdn bsc`dsbnmrmn tem egdn `h tem nmvbf gdn l`st blp`rtgdtfy kmcgusm Dbomrbmds n` d`t usm t`bfmt pgpmr, temyusm `dfy tem fmht egdn t` cfmgd temlsmfvms ghtmr urbdgtb`d `r nmhmcgtb`d

^mgp`t G pfgstbc tmgp`t hbffmn wbte wgtmr, kutg bd Ygrlg `r sgegdb bd Egusg, bs usmn t` cfmgd `dmsmfh

ghtmr urbdgtb`d `r nmbhbcgtb`d. @htmd, Dbomrbmds n` d t pgy gttmdtb`d `r tebdj gkùt bt gs bt rmfgtms teyobmdm. êm tmgp`t bs usmn t` km eyobmdbc, kut bt gfs` bs g p`tmdtbgf sùrcm `r trgdsp`rt `hc`dtglbdgtb`d. Dbomrbmds usm tem se`wmr grmg kmebdn `r dmxt t` tembr eùsm t` se`wmr gdn t` urbdgtm,gdn tem se`wmr grmg bs dmvmr cfmgdmn. êm tmgp`t, temrmh`rm, cgrrbms tem lbcr`kms gdn omrls hr`l temse`wmr grmg bdt` tem hglbfy c`lpùdn. êmsm sglm tmgp`ts grm gfs` usmn h`r gkfutb`ds kmh`rm prgymrgdn, l`st bdtmrmstbdofy, gs g sùrcm `h nrbdjbdo wgtmr h`r cebfnrmd gdn gnufts. ]dh`rtudgtmfy,mnucgtb`d gkùt tem trgdsp`rt `h lbcr`kms ky tem tmgp`t bs d`t rmc`llmdnmn ky v`fudtmmrs kmcgusm `htem tmgp`ts fbdj wbte rmfbob`d, temrmky tem kmfbmh tegt gdytebdo tegt c`lms hr`l bt bs purbhbmn ky O`n.

Fgtrbdms, suce gs temsm kmbdo kubfth`r g sce``f bd tem O`teym grmg,cgd nrgstbcgffy blpr`vm temsgdbtgtb`d `h g vbffgom.]dh`rtudgtmfy, tem vgst lgi`rbty`h Dbomrbmds cgdd`t ghh`rn `r n`d`t smm tem blp`rtgdcm `hsgdbtgtb`d blpr`vmlmdts suce gstemsm.

_egt v`fudtmmrs cgd pr`l`tm t` blpr`vm Sgdbtgtb`d bd Dbomr

Lgdy lgfgnbms bd Dbomr grm nbrmctfy fbdjmn t` eyobmdm gdn sgdbtgtb`d. Emrm grm s`lm tebdos v`fudtmmrscgd mnucgtm gkùt `r mdcùrgom. _gsebdo egdns kmh`rm gdn ghtmr mgtbdo `r o`bdo t` tem kgter``l _gsebdo utmdsbfs gdn c``jbdo p`ts Jmmpbdo gff h``n (prmpgrmn `r d`t) c`vmrmn t` pr`tmct bt hr`l hfbms, mtc. Mdcùrgom nbhhmrmdt spgcms t` se`wmr gdn urbdgtm D`t t` gff`w cebfnrmd t` pfgy bd nulpbdo/trgse pbt grmgs `h tem vbffgom Swmmpbdo gdn kurdbdo nbrty `r nulpbdo grmgs `h tem vbffgom. C`lludbty lmmtbdos t` mstgkfbse g vbffgom emgfte `r sgdbtgtb`d c`llbttmm

Cgd usm seglm gs g lmgds `h l`tbvgtbdo pm`pfm, kut usm bt wbte cgutb`d


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Lgi`r wgtmr gdn sgdbtgtb`d rmfgtmn bffdmssms bd Dbomr

êmrm grm smvmrgf nbsmgsms smmd bd Dbomr tegt grm nbrmctfy rmfgtmn t` wgtmr `r sgdbtgtb`d. Gdn, gslmdtb`dmn gk`vm, blpr`vmlmdts bd sgdbtgtb`d bd Dbomr cgd mbtemr ormgtfy rmnucm tem fmvmf `h bdcbnmdcm`r c`lpfmtmfy mfblbdgtm temsm nbsmgsms.

Nbgrremg

êm lgi`r emgfte rbsj t` cebfnrmd udnmr hbvm bd Dbomr bs nbgrremg gdn bt bs lgbdfy fbdjmn t` p``r eyobmdm`r sgdbtgtb`d gdn cgusmn mbtemr ky gd bffdmss kmf`w, lgfdutrbtb d, `r `temr cebfne``n bffdmssms. Bd Dbomr35% `h cebfnrmd suhhmr hr`l nbgrremg gt gdy obvmd tblm. ^mcedbcgffy, nbgrremg bs cegrgctmrbzmn kyf``sm, wgtmry st``fs pgssmn l`rm tegd 3 `r > tblms g ngy. êmrm grm tw` typms, gcutm gdn cer`dbc.Gcutm nbgrremg stgrts sunnmdfy gdn lgy c`dtbdum h`r smvmrgf ngys gdn bs usugffy cgusmn ky gd bdtmstbdgfbdhmctb`d. Cer`dbc nbgrremg cgd vgry hr`l ngy t` ngy gdn fgsts l`rm tegd termm wmmjs. Bt bs cgusmn kyudnmr-dutrbtb`d, bdhmctb`d, gdn pgrgsbtms gdn w`rls bd tem st`lgce. Nbgrremg bs s` ngdomrùs kmcgusm`h tem p`ssbkbfbty h lgfdutrbtb`d, nmeynrgtb`d, gdn p`ssbkfm nmgte.

Bt bs l`st blp`rtgdt t`prmvmdt gdn trmgtnmeynrgtb`d wemd trmgtbdonbgrremg, gs bt bs temnmeynrgtb`d gdn sgft f`sstegt cgusms nmgte. Nbgrremgbs prmvmdtmn ky nrbdjbdol`rm hfubns(suce gsbdcrmgsmn krmgsthmmnbdo,e`lm lgnm suogr/sgfts`futb`ds, mtc.) gt tem `dsmt

`h nbgrremg.

^rmgtlmdt `h nmeynrgtb`d bs kmst n`dm gt g emgfte cfbdbc, gs temy egvm `rgf rmeynrgtb`d sgfts (@[S), kut btcgd km n`dm gt e`lm wbte suogr/sgft s`futb`ds `r @[S pgcjmts.

_gtmr- k`rdm

nbsmgsms

Gl`mkbgsbs (pr`t`z`g)Gl`mkbgsbs bs gd bdhmctb`d wbte pgteòmdbc gl`mkgm. Bdhmctb`d wbte gl`mkgm bs usugffysylpt`l-fmss. Cfbdbcgf gl`mkbgsbs bs mdnmlbc bd grmgs wemrm sgdbtgry c`dnbtb`ds grm p``r.]dnmr cmrtgbd cbrculstgdcms tem gl`mkg lgy bdvgnm tem fgrom bdtmstbdgf wgff cgusbdo tem

E`w t` lgjm @[S gt e`lm.

^gjm g sgucm k`wf gdn hbff bt wbte `dm fbtmr `h cfmgd wgtmr Gnn 5 cukms `r ;.= tgkfm sp``ds `h suogr Gnn tw` pbdcems `h sgft, usbdo termm hbdomrs h`r mgce pbdce

Stbr tem s`futb`d udtbf gff bdormnbmdts egvm nbss`fvmn Obvm tebs s`futb`d t tem cebfn tgkfmsp``d ky tgkfmsp``d

ghtmr mgce mpbs`nm `h nbgrremg t` rmpfgcm f`st hfubns. Jmmp tem s`futb`d c`vmrmn t` jmmp bt cfmgd, ter`w bt ùt gt

tem mdn `h mgce ngy, gdn lgjm g dmw `dm tem dmxt ngy.


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nbsmgsm gl`mkbgsbs. Bh fmht udtrmgtmn, tem bdhmctb`d cgd sprmgn t` `temr `rogds, spmcbhbcgffy temfbvmr. Bdcbnmdcm `h fbvmr gl`mkbgsbs bs str`dofy c`rrmfgtmn wbte gfcè`f c`dsulptb`d, teus temlgi`rbty `h cgsms hùdn bd lmd grm rmfgtmn t` gfcè`f bdtgjm. _emrmgs bd w`lmd tem bdcbnmdcm`h fbvmr gl`mkbgsbs bs bdcrmgsmn nurbdo prmodgdcy, tem p`stdgtgf pmrb`n, gdn gfcè`f bdtgjm(stuny bd ^gdzgdbg).

^rgdslbssb`d `ccurs wemd cysts grm mxcrmtmn bd tem hmcms h eulgds. @temrs grm bdhmctmnterùoe hmc`-`rgf trgdslbssb`d (c`dtglbdgtmn wgtmr) `h temsm cysts. êm gl`mkgmtemlsmfvms cgdd`t nbrmctfy bdhmct g pmrs`d, kmcgusm temy cgdd`t wbtestgdn ogstrbc iubcms bdtem st lgce. êmrmh`rm, gl mkbc nysmdtmry cgdd`t `ccur terùoe nbrmct c`dtgct wbte gsbcj bdnbvbnugf, gs wbte ce`fmrg `r `temr kgcbffgry nysmdtmry.


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;3

Lgtmrdgf gdn bdhgdt emgfte

QrmodgdcyQrmodgdcy gdn cebfnrmd grm tem pbddgcfm `h fbhm h`r Dbomrbmd w`lmd, we` grm tem cgrm-obvmrs `h temhglbfy. Bd Dbomr tem gvmrgom dulkmr `h cebfnrmd tegt w`lmd wbff egvm bs gkùt 5, webce bs tem eboemsthmrtbfbty rgtm bd tem w`rfn. Cebfn-kbrte bs nbhhbcuft h`r gff w`lmd, kut bt bs mspmcbgffy nbhhbcuft bd Dbomr.

êm lgtmrdgf l`rtgfbty rgtm bs tem eboemst bd tem w`rfn gt ?11 nmgtes pmr 7111 fbvm kbrtes. êus, g kgsbcudnmrstgdnbdo gkùt prmodgdcy gdn cebfn-kbrte bs mssmdtbgf t` emfpbdo nmcrmgsm tebs stgoomrbdofy eboergtm `h lgtmrdgf nmgte. D`t t` gssbst bd kbrtes `r tgjm gd gctbvm r`fm bd `ksmrvbdo prmodgdcy, kut t` kmgvgbfgkfm gs g rmsùrcm pmrs`d t` w`lmd gdn lmd gkùt prmodgdcy gdn bts ngdomrs.

Sbods `h prmodgdcyêmrm grm smvmrgf sylpt`ls tegt grm gss`cbgtmn wbte prmodgdcy, suce gs9 dgusmg, v`lbtbdo, tbrmndmss,tmdnmr krmgsts, tem prmodgdt w`lgd egs g cmrtgbd of w gkùt emr, mtc. Kut tem sbdofm l`st blp`rtgdtsbod `h prmodgdcy bs lbssbdo g l`dtefy lmdstrugf cycfm `r pmrb`n. êbs bs tem l`st blp`rtgdt hgct`r bdnmtmrlbdbdo prmodgdcy. @dcm g w`lgd suspmcts tegt sem bs prmodgdt sem seùfn vbsbt tem emgfte cfbdbcs` tegt tem cfbdbc stghh gdn l`temr cgd mdsurm g emgftey prmodgdcy.

Cgrm nurbdo prmodgdcyêm l`temr dmmns t` tgjm spmcbgf cgrm `h emrsmfh nurbdo prmodgdcy t` pr`tmct tem kgky, emfp btsnmvmf`plmdt, gdn lgbdtgbd emr k`ny. êm hbrst gdn l`st blp`rtgdt tebdo h`r g l`temr t km t` n`nurbdo prmodgdcy bs t` mgt wmff. êm kgky bs nmvmf`pbdo gt g rgpbn pgcm gdn bs bd dmmn `h smvmrgfdutrbmdts t` or`w gdn nmvmf p t` bts huff p`tmdtbgf. H`r mxglpfm, k`te br`d gdn b`nbdm grm mssmdtbgf h`rlmdtgf gdn l`t`r nmvmf`plmdt (smm cegptmrs3 gdn 8 h`r l`rm bdh rlgtb`d). Qr`pmr dutrbtb`d gfs` emfpsprmvmdt bffdmss gdn prmvmdts mxcmssbvm kfmmnbdo nurbdo cebfnkbrte.

Dbomrbmd _`lmd w`rj mxtrmlmfy egrn terùoe ùt tem ngy t` pr`vbnm h`r tembr eùsme`fn. _emtemr btkm puffbdo gdn cgrrybdo wgtmr kgcj t` tem eùsm, pùdnbdo lbffmt, c`ffmctbdo hbrm w``n/humf, c``jbdo, `rtgjbdo cgrm `h tem cebfnrmd, l`temrs grm c`dtbdugffy gt w`rj nurbdo tem gvmrgom ngy. Gff `h tebs egrnw`rj lust c`dtbdum, mvmd wemd prmodgdt bd Dbomr. S` tem kmst gnvbcm, h`r w`lmd nurbdo prmodgdcy, bs

t` km surm t` rmst gdn sfmmp wemdmvmr p`ssbkfm gdn t` mdcùrgom l`rm rmstbdo tegd usugf, mvmd kmh`rmhgtboum bs hmft. Gdn wemd rmstbdo, rmc`llmdn fybdo n`wd `d tem fmht sbnm h tem k`ny gdn pfgcbdo gpbff`w `r cf`te kmtwmmd tem fmos t` gffmvbgtm kgcj pgbd. Qrgctbcbdo o``n eyobmdm bs gfwgys blp`rtgdt,kut bt bs mspmcbgffy blp`rtgdt nurbdo prmodgdcy t` emfp prmvmdt bdhmctb`ds gdn t` jmmp tem or`wbdo kgkyemgftey. Qrmodgdt w`lmd seùfn gv`bn nrbdjbdo gfcè`f, sl`jbdo, usbdo sduhh, gdn cghhmbdm (tmg,c`hhmm, c`jm, gdn c`fg duts). L`st `h temsm grm d`t gd bssum h`r Dbomrbmd w`lmd, e`wmvmr bd s`lmgrmgs `h tem cùdtry, w`lmd usm sduhh `r sl`jm gdn cghhmbdm bs gfwgys gd bssum wbte tem p`pufgrbty `hc`fg duts.


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C`ll`d c`lpfgbdts nurbdo prmodgdcy

êmrm grm smvmrgf bssums tegt cgd nmvmf`p nurbdo prmodgdcy gdn bt bs blp`rtgdt t` nbstbdoubsekmtwmmd wegt grm c`ll`d c`lpfgbdts gdn ngdomr sbods.

F`wmr kgcj pgbd bs num t` tem mxtrgwmboet `h tem or`wbdo kgky. ^` mgsmtebs pgbd, egvm tem l`temr-t`-km9 pfgcmg pbff`w kmtwmmd emr fmos webfmsfmmpbdo, try t` omt emfp wbte gdyemgvy w`rj, gdn strmtce ùt tem kgcjh`r g hmw lbdutms, tw` tblms mgce ngy.

êm l`st c`ll`dc`lpfgbdt bs dgusmg `rl`rdbdo sbcjdmss, kuttebs wbff usugffy `dfy fgstterùoe tem hbrst 3 t` >l`dtes `h prmodgdcy._`lmd seùfn c`dtbdummgtbdo hrmqumdt, slgfflmgfs nurbd tebs mrb`n.

Swmffbdo `h hmmt gdn Fmos bs d`rlgf nurbd

prmodgdcy, mspmcbgffy wemd w`lmd grstgdnbdo `r w`rjbdo gff ngy. Mdcùrgosmvmrgf rmst krmgjs gdn wemd rmstbdo fbm `d tefmht sbnm. Bh hmmt, egdns `r hgcm grm sw`ffmd btem l`rdbdo, tebs bs g ngdomr sbod (t`xmlbgdn tebs w`lgd seùfn vbsbt emr f`cgf emgftcfbdbc.

Gd`temr c`ll`d c`lpfgbdt bsemgrtkurd `r bdnbomstb`d. êbs bsl`st c`ll`d fgtm bd prmodgdcy gdn

bs usugffy hmft ghtmr mgtbdo `r webfmfybdo n`wd. Mgtbdo slgff lmgfs,nrbdjbdo pfmdty `h wgtmr, gdn d`tfybdo n`wd rboet ghtmr mgtbdo `rfybdo n`wd wbte tem emgn eboemrtegd tem st`lgce gff emfp t` gffmvbgtmbdnbomstb`d.

^`xmlbg, g

ngdomr

sbod

C

Fmo Crglps grm c`ll`d nurbdoprmodgdcy, mspmcbgffy gt dboet. êbs cùfnkm num t` g fgcj `h nbmtgry cgfcbul. ^`

gffmvbgtm crglps, prmodgdt w`lmd seùfnmgt h``ns c`dtgbdbdo cgfcbul (lbfj,cemmsm, gdn k`dms grm o``n sùrcms) gdnstrmtce r ruk tem crglpmn grmg.


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Ngdomr sbods

Gt gdy sbod `h ngdomr, g w`lgd seùfn vbsbt emr emgfte cfbdbc gdn fbjmfy obvm kbrte temrm, kut sem dmmnst` jd`w wegt tem sbods grm. êm hbrst bs hgtboum, g sbod `h gdmlbg. _`lmd we` grm gdmlbc grm l`rmfbjmfy t` egvm emgvy kfmmnbdo webfm obvbdo kbrte. Gdmlbc w`lmd seùfn mgt h``ns rbce bd br`d (smmcegptmr 3) `r tgjm br`d suppfmlmdts udtbf tem kgky bs k`rd. Gd`temr sbod bs pgbd bd tem f`wmr

gkn`lmdgdn temrm grm termm typms9

7. Str`do c`dstgdt pgbd nurbdo tem hbrst hmw l`dtes lgy km g tukgf (hgff`pbgd tukm) prmodgdcy.êbs bs eboefy ngdomrùs kmcgusm, gs tem prmodgdcy pròrmssms, tem tukm wbff kurst cgusbdobdtmrdgf kfmmnbdo r p`ssbkfy nmgte.

;. Str`do crglpbdo pgbd tegt c`lms gdn o`ms nurbdo tem hbrst sbx l`dtes cùfn lmgd glbscgrrbgom.

3. Str`do c`dstgdt pgbd fgtm bd prmodgdcy lgy lmgd tem pfgcmdtg egs nmtgcemn hr`l tem utmrbdmwgff cgusbdo bdtmrdgf kfmmnbdo gdn p`ssbkfy nmgte.

Xgobdgf Kfmmnbdocgd km gd`temr ngdomr sbod nurbdo prmodgdcy. Bt bs d`rlgf t` egvm g fbttfm nurbdo tem

hbrst hmw l`dtes, kut bh bt `ccurs fgtmr bd prmodgdcy bt bs g sbod tegt tem pfgcmdtg bs nglgomn (lmdtb`dmngk`vm). Swmffbdo h tem egdns, hmmt gdn hgcm grm sbods `h t`xmlbg gdn cgd cgusm smbzurms `r nmgte.Hbdgffy gdy hmvmr, mspmcbgffy eboe wbte sebvmrbdo, emgngcem, gdn k`ny gcems cgd km lgfgrbg gdn seùfnkm trmgtmn gs s``d gs p`ssbkfm t` gv`bn nglgom t` tem kgky `r gk`rtb`d.

Eboe rbsj prmodgdcbms

S`lm w`lmd grm gt g eboemr rbsj h`r nmfbvmry c`lpfbcgtb`ds gdn w`lmd wbte gdy `h tem h`ff`wbdoebst`rbms `r c`dnbtb`ds seùfn obvm kbrte gt g emgfte cfbdbc. êmsm grm9 w`lmd wbte gdmlbg, nbgkmtms,eboe kf``n prmssurm, `r t`xmlbg:`fnmr w`lmd:w`lmd we` egvm obvmd kbrte luftbpfm tblms:w`lmdwbte nbsgkbfbtbms:yùdo w`lmd udnmr gom 7?:w`lmd wbte pgst kbrtebdo c`lpfbcgtb`ds:w`lmd wbteprmvbùs `pmrgtb`ds:gdn w`lmd wbte hmtusms tegt grm d`t bd tem pr`pmr nmfbvmry p`sbtb`d gt tem mdn `hprmodgdcy.

Qrmdgtgf C`dsuftgtb`ds gt tem Emgfte Cfbdbc (nbspmdsgbrm)

_ey seùfn w`lmd o` t` prmdgtgf c`dsuftgtb`ds0

Lgdy `h tem ngdomrs `h prmodgdcy gdn cebfnkbrte cgd km gv`bnmn bh g w`lgd o`ms t` prmdgtgfc`dsuftgtb`ds gt tem emgfte cfbdbc gs s``d gs sem kmfbmvms tegt sem bs prmodgdt. _`lmd seùfn egvm gtfmgst termm c`dsuftgtb`ds nurbdo tembr prmodgdcy, `dm bd mgce trblmstmr, t` gssurm g emgftey prmodgdcygdn kbrte. L`st `h tem tblm bd Dbomr, w`lmd n`d't udnmrstgdn tem blp`rtgdcm `h tem prmdgtgfc`dsuftgtb`ds nurbdo tem hbrst trblmstmr. êmy wgbt udtbf tem prmodgdcy kmc`lms vbsbkfm kmh`rm o`bdot` tem emgfte cfbdbc `r temy n`dt o` gt gff. êbs bs num t` smvmrgf hgct rs suce gs gccmssbkbfbty `hcfbdbc gdn hmgr `h cfbdbc stghh.


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_egt g emgfte w`rjmr n`ms nurbdo g prmdgtgf c`dsuftgtb`d

Cemcjs tem pròrmss `h tem prmodgdcy,

Nmtmrlbdms nbhhmrmdcms kmtwmmd c`ll`d c`lpfgbdts, wgrdbdo sbods gdn eboe rbsjs,

Cemcjs h`r gdmlbg gdn t`xmlbg,

Nmtmrlbdms tem dulkmr `h tmtgdus vgccbdgtb`ds obvmd t` tem l`temr, gdn obvms vgccbdgtb`d bhdmcmssgry.

Cùdsmfs gkùt tem nmfbvmry, krmgsthmmnbdo, hglbfy pfgddbdo, mtc.

Stmps `h tem c`dsuftgtb`d

êm hbrst stmp9 Bdtmrvbmw, t` `ktgbd tem w`lgd's emgfte kgcjorùdn temy wbff gsj h`r temw`lgds gom, tem ngtm `h emr fgst pmrb`n, gsj gkùt prmvbùs prmodgdcbms, gsj gkùtsbcjdmss mspmcbgffy S^Ns, tukmrcuf`sbs mtc

Smc`dn stmp9 Qeysbcgf `r omdmrgf mxglbdgtb`d, t` gssmss nmvmf`plmdtgdn pròrmss `h prmodgdcy

(7)^gjm wmboet, emboet lmgsurmlmdts(;)Gsj gkùt dutrbtb`d(3)Gsj gkùt c`ll`d c`lpfgbdts dgusmg, c`dstbpgtb`d mtc...

^gjm kf``n prmssurm (tmdsb`d grtmrbgf) bt seùfndt km `vmr 7;1/51 (7;/5emrm) eboemr kf``n prmssurm bdcrmgsms tem p`ssbkbfbty `h omttbdo t`xmlbg.Cemcj h`r gdmlbg.

êbrn stmp9`kstmtrbcgf mxgl, mxglbdm tem kgky.

Hùrte stmp9 mnucgtb`d, cùdsmfbdo

Qr`pmr dutrbtb`d h`r l`temr Hglbfy pfgddbdo Krmgsthmmnbdo.

E`w tem dursm gssmssms tem nurgtb`d `h temprmodgdcy.

Hbhte stmp9 vgccbdgtb`d gogbdst tmtgdus, g nbsmgsm tegt usugffy mdtmrs tem k`ny wemd tem sjbd bspudcturmn `r cut wbte g nbrty pbmcm `h lmtgf, gdn cgd cgusm nmgte (smm cegptmr >). Obrfs `r w`lmd hcebfn-kmgrbdo gom seùfn rmcmbvm g lbdblul `h hbvm tmtgdus vgccbdgtb`ds (vgccbd gdtb-ttgdbqum `rXG^).

XG^ Dulkmr 79 gt tem hbrst vbsbt XG^ Dulkmr ;9 gt fmgst hùr wmmjs ghtmr hbrst bdimctb`d

XG^ Dulkmr 39 gt fmgst sbx l`dtes ghtmr smc`dn bdimctb`d

XG^ Dulkmr >9 gt fmgst `dm ymgr ghtmr tebrn bdimctb`d

XG^ Dulkmr =9 gt fmgst `dm ymgr ghtmr hùrte bdimctb`d

8 l`dtes

2 l`dtes5 l`dtes? l`dtes

= l`dtes> l`dtes3 l`dtes

Gt >.= l`dtes btwbff km gt tem fmvmf

`h tem dgvmf

Cemcj h`r gdmlbg ky f``jbdo kmf`w temmym. Bh pgfm,

temdgdmlbc.

Bh rmn `r pbdj, temd d`rlgf.


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Kbrte Qr`cmss

êm kbrte `h g kgky bs hgr kmy`dn gdytebdo tegt g Qmgcm C`rps v`fudtmmr dmmns t` km hglbfbgr wbteh`r C`lludbty Emgfte Gomdt w`rj. Mvmry vbffgom egs gt fmgst `dm `fnmr w`lgd we` gssbsts wbtekbrtes wemtemr sem egs kmmd h`rlgffy trgbdmn gs g lbnwbhm `r bh sem egs iust egn g f`t `hmxpmrbmdcm wbte kbrtebdo. êmsm w`lmd grm emgvbfy rmfbmn `d h r gdy gssbstgdcm vbffgom w`lmd

lgy dmmn nurbdo tebs tblm. Gfs`, f`cgf emgfte cfbdbc pmrs`ddmf grm trgbdmn bd d`rlgf gdn nbhhbcuftnmfbvmrbms. @dm bssum bs tegt trgnbtb`dgf kbrtebdo gttmdngdts `htmd wgbt udtbf bt bs t`` fgtm h`r teml`temr gdn/`r kgky t` trgvmf tem nbstgdcm (up t` 7= Jl) t` tem emgfte cfbdbc h`r emfp gdn teml`temr gdn/`r kgky nbm. êbs bs `dm `h tem hgct`rs c`dtrbkutbdo t tem eboe l`rtgfbty rgtm bd Dbomr.H`r l`rm bdh`rlgtb`d `d tem kbrte pr`cmss, smm tem k``js, _emrm w`lmd egvm d` n`ct`rky Ngvbn_mrdmrgdnG K``j h`r Lbnwbvmsky Susgd Jfmbd.

Q`stdgtgf cgrm h`r l`temr gdn cebfnGhtmr tem kbrte tem l`temr seùfn km mdcùrgomn t` krmgsthmmnbllmnbgtmfy. êm rmgs`dbdo h`r tebs bs tegt bt wbff emfp st`p teml`temrs kfmmnbdo, h`ff`wmn ky tem hgct tegt tem kgky ormgtfy

kmdmhbts hr`l tem c`f`strul hùdn bd tem hbrst hmw ngys `hl`temrs lbfj. Gfs`, sbdcm krmgst lbfj bs tem @DFR h``n tegtbs gppr`prbgtm h`r g dmwk`rd, tem kgky seùfn gfwgyskrmgsthmmn, pfus bd gnnbtb`d t` tem gk`vm bt emfps nmvmf`p teml`temr t` kgky k`dn.

êm dmwk`rd seùfn km jmpt cfmgd ky rmoufgrfy kgtebdo, tgjbdospmcbgf cgrm t` cfmgd grùdn tem dmcj, tem myms, mgrs, d`sm, mtc.êm stulp `h tem ulkbfbcgf c`rn seùfn km jmpt cfmgd gdn nryudtbf bt turds kfgcj gdn hgffs `hh: wbtebd tem hbrst wmmj ghtmrkbrte.

H`rty ngys ghtmr tem kgkys kbrte (s``dmr bh mbtemr tem kgky `r l`temr nmvmf`ps gd bdhmctb`d), k`tel`temr gdn cebfn seùfn o` t` tem emgfte cfbdbc h`r g p`stdgtgf vbsbt. Q`stdgtgf vbsbts grm usugffyc`dnuctmn `d or`wte l`dbt`rbdo/kgky wmboebdo ngys. êm purp`sm `h tebs vbsbt bs t 9 7) wmboegdn vgccbdgtm tem dmw kgky, ;) gssmss tem dmw l`temrs c`dnbtb`d, 3) Cùdsmf tem l`temr `d e`w

t` cgrm h`r tem kgky (eyobmdm, krmgsthmmnbdo, or`wte l`dbt`rbdo, vgccbdgtb`ds, mtc.), gdn >)cùdsmf tem l`temr `d e`w t` tgjm cgrm `h emrsmfh (dutrbtb`d, eyobmdm, krmgsts, mtc.).

G w`lgd bd tem nmvmf`pbdo w`rfn bs twmdty tblmsl`rm fbjmfy t` nbm hr`l prmodgdcy, tegd g w`lgdbd tem nmvmf`pmn w`rfn.


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;5

Gcc`rnbdo t` @rte` Qegrlgcmutbcgf C`rp`rgtb`d, gute`rs `h temk``j ]dnmrstgdnbdo C`dcmptb`d gdn C`dtrgcmptb`d, lmd gdn

w`lmd egvm udnmrst``n tem dmmn t` kgfgdcm tem dulkmr `hcebfnrmd temy pr`nucm wbte tembr gkbfbty t` pr`vbnm h`r teml h`rcmdturbms. Gdcbmdt ebmròfypebcs tmff `h p`wnmrs gdn p`tb`dsprmvmdtbdo prmodgdcy. Cmdturbms go`, Ebdnu peysbcbgds rmp`rtmntem`rbms sblbfgr t` tem reytel lmte`n nmscrbkbdo e`w bdtmrcùrsmseùfn km gv`bnmn gt cmrtgbd pmrb`ns `h tem l`dte num t` bdcrmgsmnhmrtbfbty, webfm `temr ngys wmrm c`dsbnmrmn tblms tegt w`lmdwùfn km udfbjmfy t` c`dcmbvm. Gdn t`ngy, w`lmd egvmprmvmdtb`d lmte`ns gvgbfgkfm tegt egvm kmmd pr`vmd sghm gdnmhhmctbvm.

êm dulkmr `h cebfnrmd g hglbfy egs lgy nmpmdn `d tembr cufturm `r rmfbob`d, kut tem dmmn t` pfgd h`rtebs hglbfy bs mssmdtbgf rmogrnfmss `h temsm hgct`rs. Bd mssmdcm, hglbfy pfgddbdo bs tem dmmn t` pr`pmrfypfgd h`r cebfnrmd mc`d`lbcgffy, gs wmff gs t` spgcm tembr kbrtes smvmrgf ymgrs gpgrt wbte tem usm `h s`lmh`rl `h c`dtrgcmptb`d.

êmrm grm lgdy rmgs`ds t` prgctbcm hglbfy pfgddbdo (`r kbrte spgcbdo) tem l`st blp`rtgdt `h webce bsobvbdo mgce cebfn gnmqugtm tblm t` nmvmf`p, temrmky nmcrmgsbdo tem fbjmfbe``n tegt temy wbff kmc`lmlgfdùrbsemn gdn bdcrmgsbdo tembr `vmrgff emgfte. Bd ùr w`rfn t`ngy, 3 t` > lbffb`d cebfnrmd nbmkmcgusm temy grm d`t obvmd tebs cegdcm, g cegdcm `h tw` ymgrs `h fbhm kmh rm tembr dmxt sbkfbdo bs k`rd.

Qfgddbdo g hglbfy


29/45

êm c`rrmfgtb`d kmtwmmd tem nmgte `hcebfnrmd gdn tem glùdt `h tblmkmtwmmd prmodgdcbms bs cfmgr.

êm l`rm tblm tegt pgssms kmtwmmdkbrtes, tem kmttmr tem cegdcm h`rsurvbvgf. Gd`temr blp`rtgdt rmgs`d t`spgcm kbrtes bs tem l`temrs rmc`vmry,tebs tw` t` termm ymgr pmrb`n `h rmstgff`ws tem l`temrs k`ny t` rmcupmrgtm,dùrbse tem prmsmdt kgky, gdn prmpgrmh`r tem dmxt `dm.

Mc`d`lbc c`dcmrds seùfn gfs` pfgy g lgi`r r`fm bd pfgdbdo g hglbfy. G w`lgd bd tem nmvmf`pbdo w`rfnbs twmdty tblms l`rm fbjmfy t` nbm hr`l prmodgdcy, tegd g w`lgd bd tem nmvmf`pmn w`rfn. ]dh`rtudgtmfy,p`vmrty bd tem udnmrnmvmf`pmn w`rfn bs g lgi`r cegffmdom t` hglbfy pfgddbdo gs, wbte p`vmrty c`lm `temr

c`dcmrds suce gs gvgbfgkbfbty `h hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns, trgdsp`rtgtb`d t` pfgcms wemrm hglbfy pfgddbdolmte`ns grm gvgbfgkfm, gdn tem bdgkbfbty t` purcegsm temsm lmte`ns.

Hglbfy pfgddbdo bd Dbomr

Dbomr, fbjm `temr udnmrnmvmf`pmn cùdtrbms, hgcms smvmrgf cegffmdoms wbte hglbfy pfgddbdo. êmsm grm k`tecufturgf gs wmff gs omòrgpebcgf bd dgturm. êm lgbd `dms grm trgnbtb`d, f`w stgtus `h w`lmd, bod`rgdcm,nbstgdcm, tem emgfte stghh temlsmfvms, tblm bdv`fvmn, gvgbfgkbfbty, gdn c`st.

^rgnbtb`ds bd Dbomr smrvm gs g lgi`r kgrrbmr t` tem prgctbcm `h Hglbfy pfgddbdo. Cufturgf trgnbtb`dmdcùrgoms mvmry lgrrbmn lgd gdn w`lgd t` egvm gs lgdy cebfnrmd gs p`ssbkfm h`r smvmrgf rmgs`ds. êml`rtgfbty rgtm h`r cebfnrmdudnmr tem gom `h hbvm bd Dbomr bs;51 nmgtes h`r mvmry7,111 cebfnrmd. êbs

eboe l`rtgfbty rgtm lmgds tegt bt bs fbjmfy tegt g l`temr wbff f`sm s`lm `h emr cebfnrmd ky gom hbvm, webcefmgns t` tem eboe hmrtbfbty rgtm `h 5 cebfnrmdpmr w`lgd. Bd gnnbtb`d, Dbomrbmds grm sustmdgdcm hgrlmrs s`temy rmfy `d tembr hglbfy gs g w`rjh`rcm t` emfp wbte hbmfnw`rj gs wmff gs `temr eùsme`fn ce`rms. Gw`lgds w`rte bs gfs` nmtmrlbdmn ky e`w lgdy cebfnrmd, l`rm spmcbhbcgffy s`ds, sem egs. Gd`temrcufturgf kmfbmh bs tegt bt bs O`n we` obvms pm`pfm cebfnrmd, s` ky rmhusbdo t` egvm cebfnrmd `dm bs o`bdogogbdst rmfbob`d. Gfs`, `dm n`ms d`t egvm t` w rry gkùt hmmnbdo lgdy cebfnrmd kmcgusm pm`pfm n`dthmmn temlsmfvms, bt bs O`n tegt hmmns teml.

@dfy 75.?% `h Dbomrbmd w`lmd gdn 72% `h lmd egvm mvmr usmn s`lm h`rl `h

l`nmrd c`dtrgcmptb`d bd tembr fbvms.

Bd gnnbtb`d temrm bs gd md`rlùs glùdt `h prmssurm put `d w`lmd ky tembr bd-fgws t` egvm cebfnrmd gdnbh g dmw wbhm hgbfs t` pr`nucm cebfnrmd sem bs c`dsbnmrmn stmrbfm gdn emr euskgdn wbff tgjm g smc`dn wbhm.

êm f`w stgtus `h w`lmd gfs` blpgcts tem prgctbcm `h hglbfy pfgddbdo. _`lmd egvm fbttfm p`wmr bdDbomrbmd cufturm gdn grm kùdn ky tem nmcbsb`ds `h tembr euskgdns. êbs d`t `dfy gppfbms t` wemtemr `rd`t sem wbff tgjm c`dtrgcmptbvm lmte`ns h`r hglbfy pfgddbdo, kut gfs` t` wemtemr sem wbff mvmd km obvmdpmrlbssb`d t` smmj ùt temsm lmte`ns, gs wmff gs wemtemr sem wbff km obvmd tem l`dmy t` emfp pgy h`rteml. Lmd grm bd c`dtr`f `h l`dmtgry gdn `temr nmcbsb`ds bd tem eùsme`fn gdn w`lmd `kmy tembreuskgdns wbsems. êbs f`wmr stgtus bd c`lkbdgtb`d wbte tem hgct tegt temrm bs fbttfm c`lludbcgtb`d


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kmtwmmd euskgdns gdn wbvms lgjms bt vbrtugffy blp`ssbkfm h`r g wbhm t` gppr`gce emr euskgdn gkùt gdysmxugf lgttmrs, fmt gf`dm te`sm `h hglbfy pfgddbdo.

Gssulbdo tegt cufturgf kgrrbmrs gdn w`lmds stgtus n`ms d`t blpmnm tem nmsbrm h`r hglbfy pfgddbdo,bod`rgdcm `h hglbfy pfgddbdo `htmd n`ms, mbtemr kmcgusm lmd gdn w`lmd grm d`t gwgrm tegt hglbfypfgddbdo mxbsts `r kmcgusm temy n` d`t udnmrstgdn e`w t` pr`pmrfy usm tem lmte`ns gvgbfgkfm. Lmd gdnw`lmd smmjbdo hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns lust km mnucgtmn t` mdsurm tegt temy grm usmn c`rrmctfy, temrmkymfblbdgtbdo tebs bod`rgdcm.

Nbstgdcm, tblm, gvgbfgkbfbty gdn c`st grm `temr cegffmdoms t` hglbfy pfgddbdo bd Dbomr. Nbstgdcm bs gdblp`rtgdt bssum kmcgusm bt wbff nmtmrlbdm wemtemr bt bs mvmd p`ssbkfm h`r g w`lgd t` egvm gccmss t` hglbfypfgddbdo. Lgdy w`lmd fbvm 7= t` ;1 JL gwgy hr`l tem dmgrmst emgfte cfbdbc, lmgdbdo t` o` t` tebscfbdbc h`r hglbfy pfgddbdo temy lust mbtemr pgy h`r trgdsp`rtgtb`d ky kuse tgxb, o` ky n`djmy/c`w cgrt, `rwgfj temsm f do nbstgdcms. Gfs`, tem tblm bdv`fvmn p`sms gd`temr cegffmdom. G w`lgd o`bdo h`r hglbfypfgddbdo lust tgjm `dm egfh t` gd mdtbrm ngy t` o` t` tem emgfte cfbdbc, webce tgjms gwgy hr`l tem tblm semegs t` gcc`lpfbse emr ngbfy eùsme`fn nutbms. Hbdgffy, mvmd bh w`lmd n` omt t` tem cfbdbc, tem emgfte cfbdbcstghh p`sm gd`temr pr`kfml.

Stghh gt tem emgfte cfbdbcn` d`t udnmrstgdn tem blp`rtgdcm `h cust`lmr smrvbcm `r lgjbdo pm`pfm hmmfwmfc`lmn. Bdstmgn temy, `htmd lmd, trmgt w`lmd ^M[[BKFR, obvm teml d` rmspmct, gdn nmlmgd `rlgrobdgfbzm te`sm tegt c`lm t` teml h`r emfp. D` `dm wbff tgjm gff `h tem mxtrg mhh`rt t` o` tem nbstgdcm,spmdn tem dmcmssgry tblm gdn l`dmy t` km trmgtmn gk`lbdgkfy, mspmcbgffy bh temy cgd egvm d` c`dhbnmdcmbd temsm pm`pfm tegt grm supp`smn t` emfp teml. Gfs`, emgfte cfbdbc pmrs`ddmf (lgi`rm gdn p`ssbkfy temdursm) grm `dfy trgbdmn bd tem prbdcbpfms `h hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns gdn n` d`t dmcmssgrbfy udnmrstgdne`w bt w`rjs temlsmfvms, lgjbdo bt nbhhbcuft t` mhhmctbvfmy mnucgtm `temrs gkùt tembr pr`pmr usgom.

Hbdgffy, emgfte cfbdbcs grm currmdtfy bd g tblm `h cegdombd tmrls `h hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`n suppfbms. H`rsmvmrgf ymgrs ]SGBN wgs rmsp`dsbkfm h`r hudnbdo gfl`st gff `h tem hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns gvgbfgkfm bdDbomr. êrùoe ]SGBN tem lmte`ns wmrm sblpfy obvmd t` rurgf cfbdbcs gdn nbspmdsmn hrmm `h cegrom t`cfbmdts bdtmrmstmn bd hglbfy pfgddbdo. E`wmvmr, ghtmr tem cùp ntgtbd 7228 ]SGBN kmogd t` seut n`wdtembr supp`rt t` Dbomr gdn bd 7225 puffmn ùt c`lpfmtmfy, temrmky fmgvbdo g hglbfy pfgddbdo v`bn bd Dbomr.

Gt tebs p`bdt HD]GQ (H`dn nms Dgtb`ds ]dbs pùr fg Q`pufgtb`d) nmcbnmn t` kmobd supp`rtbdo hglbfypfgddbdo bd Dbomr. êbs, e`wmvmr, bs gd mxtrmlmfy l`nmst gssbstgdcm bd c`lpgrbs`d wbte wegt ]SGBNegn pr`vbnmn.

êm Cmdtmr h`r [mpr`nuctbvm Emgfte bd Dbglmy egs turdmn gff hglbfy pfgddbdo suppfbms `vmr t` temDgtb`dgf Qegrlgcy, we` bd turd smffs teml t` rurgf nbspmdsgbrms gdn `temrs bdtmrmstmn bd kuybdo temlmte`ns. Gs temy grm stbff bd tebs stgtm `h udcmrtgbdty, emgfte cfbdbc stghh lgy km udgwgrm tegt bt bs fmht upt` mgce bdnbvbnugf cfbdbc t` purcegsm gdn smff hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns udnmr g c`st rmc`vmry systml ( fbjmtem Kglgj` bdbtbgtbvm bd Gppmdnbx H). S`, bd `rnmr t` rmbdbtbgtm hglbfy pfgddbdo bd rurgf Dbomr, tem stghhdmmns t` km gwgrm tegt bt lust km purcegsmn gdn temd purcegsm bt wemd temy omt tembr `temr lmnbcgtb`ds.

]dtbf g kmttmr lmte`n bs mstgkfbsemn, tem emgfte cfbdbcs wbff `htmd km ùt `h hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns

lgjbdo teml udrmfbgkfm. E`pmhuffy s`lmtebdo wbff km n`dm bd tem dmgr huturm t` c`rrmct tem sbtugtb`d.

Hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns gvgbfgkfm bd Dbomr

êmrm grm lgdy c`dtrgcmptbvm lmte`ns tegt mxbst bd Dbomr, kut d`t gff grm prgctbcgf h`r usm bd g rurgfsmttbdo. Gkstbdmdcm, `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms, bdimctgkfm c`dtrgcmptbvms, c`dn`ls gdn spmrlbcbnms grm gfflmte`ns tegt grm omdmrgffy gvgbfgkfm gdn mhhmctbvm h r w`lmd gdn lmd bd rurgf Dbomr. Gs mxpfgbdmngk`vm, Hglbfy Qfgddbdo lmte`ns (tegt bdcur c`sts) grm `r cgd km gvgbfgkfm gt tem emgfte cfbdbc. êm prbcmsh`r vgrbùs hglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns grm fbstmn bd tem cegrt kmf`w. Qfmgsm jmmp bd lbdn tegt tebs bs temprbcm gt tem Dgtb`dgf Qegrlgcy, teus temy lgy c`st sfboetfy l`rm num t` trgdsp`rtgtb`d c`sts, mtc. (@dm


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mxglpfm `h bdhfgtmn c`sts bs wbte Nmp`-pr`vmrg. Bt bs s`fn gt tem Dgtb`dgf Qegrlgcy h`r 311chg, kut `temrpegrlgcbms cegrom ;,111 h`r bt. êus, tebs prbcm oubnm bs iust tegt, g oubnm, gdn c`st bs fbjmfy t` km l`rmtegd wegt bs fbstmn.

C`st `h Hglbfy Qfgddbdo lmte`ns gt tem Dgtb`dgf Qegrlgcy

Lmte`n Qrbcm

@rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms(F`-hmlmdgf `r `vrmttm)

711 chg

Nmp`-Qr`vmrg 311 chg

C`dn`ls (;) 7= chg

Spmrlbcbnm 711 chg

Gkstbdmdcmêbs lmte`n bs gnv`cgtmn h`r gff sbdofm lmd gdn w`lmd, gs wmff gs nurbdo tem >1 ngy pmrb`n ghtmr gw`lgd obvms kbrte.

@rgf C`dtrgcmptbvms

Gff tebdos c`dsbnmrmn, `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms grm tem kmst lmte`n gvgbfgkfm t` w`lmd bd rurgf Dbomr.êmrm grm tw` typms `h `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms gvgbfgkfm, f`w-n`sm c`lkbdmn (mstròmd/pròmstmr`dm) `rpròmstmr`dm-`dfy pbffs tegt k`te w`rj ky prmvmdtbdo g w`lgd hr`l `vufgtbdo. êmy grm eboefymhhmctbvm (22.2%) wemd usmn c`rrmctfy* wbte `dfy 7 ùt `h 7,111 w`lmd kmc`lbdo prmodgdt. Gs temygrm c`ll`dfy usmn, tem rmsuft bs g prmodgdcy rgtm `h 5% `r 7 bd 7? w`lmd.

F`w-n`sm c`lkbdmn pbffs grm gd mhhmctbvm lmgds `h hglbfy pfgddbdo h`r l`st w`lmd(c`ll`d krgdn dglm9F`-hmlmdgf).

Qròmstmr`dm-`dfy pbffs(c`ll`d dglm krgdn bd Dbomr9 @vrmttm) grm obvmd t` krmgsthmmnbdow`lmd wbte cebfnrmd kmtwmmd tem goms `h sbx wmmjs gdn sbx l`dtes. êmy w`rj bdc`diudctb`d wbte tem Fgctgtb`dgf Glmd`rremg Lmte`n (lmdtb`dmn kmf`w) t` prmvmdtprmodgdcy. Ghtmr tem kgky bs sbx l`dtes `fn, w`lmd grm omdmrgffy swbtcemn t` tem c`lkbdmn`rgf c`dtrgcmptbvm pbffs, sbdcm krmgsthmmnbdo bs d` f`domr mxcfusbvm

[MS^[BC^B@DS @rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms cgdd`t km obvmd bh gw`lgd egs9 eboe kf``n prmssurm, emgrt pr`kfmls,

empgtbtbs, krmgst fulps/cgdcmr, r lgy km prmodgdt.


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*Cegffmdoms9 êmrm grm smvmrgf cegffmdoms wbtetgjbdo `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms. êm kboomst `h webce bsemfpbdo w`lmd t` udnmrstgdn e`w gdn wemd t` tgjmteml. _`lmd `htmd kmfbmvm tegt temy n` d`t dmmn t`tgjm tem pbffs wemd temy `r tembr euskgdns trgvmf, mvmdbh bts iust h`r g hmw ngys. Bt bs blp`rtgdt h`r g w`lgdt` udnmrstgdn tegt sem dmmns t` tgjm `rgfc`dtrgcmptbvms mvmry ngy, rmogrnfmss `h emr `r emreuskgdns gctbvbtbms, bd `rnmr h`r teml t` km mhhmctbvm.

Mxpfgbdbdo e`w t` tgjm @rgf

C`dtrgcmptbvms

S^G[^

----4----4----4----4----4----

4----4

----6----6----6----6----6----

6----6

----4----4----4----4----4----

4----4

----6----6----6----6----6----

6----6

MDN

Bh g w`lgd bs egvbdo nbhhbcufty udnmrstgdnbdo e`w t` tgjm tem pbffs, bt bs `htmd usmhuf t` mxpfgbd t` emr tegttem pbffs grm tgjmd `dcm g ngy (gt tem sglm tblm). Sem seùfn tgjm tem pbffs gs lbffmt bs pfgdtmn - o`bdon`wd `dm r`w gdn temd up tem dmxt udtbf gff pbffs egvm kmmd tgjmd. Bdbtbgffy, pgcjmts grm obvmd ùtbdnbvbnugffy udtbf tem w`lgd cgd pr`vm sem udnmrstgdns e`w t` tgjm bt pr`pmrfy. Gt tebs p`bdt, smvmrgfpgcjmts wbff km obvmd tòmtemr.

_egt t` n` bh g pbff bs lbssmn9

7Qbff

; Qbffs

^gjm bt gs s``d gs bt bs rmlmlkmrmnCgd kmc`lm prmodgdt (p`ssbkfm t` tgjm tw`

pbffs g ngy h`r tw` ngys, kut tebs bs t``c`lpfbcgtmn h`r prgctbcgfbty bd tem kuse).

Nmp`-pr`vmrg (bdimctgkfm c`dtrgcmptbvm)

Nmp`-pr`vmrgbs g f`do-gctbdo sydtemtbc e`rl`dm usmn bd `vmr 21cùdtrbms `h tem w`rfn. Bt bdebkbts prmodgdcy ky prmvmdtbdo`vufgtb`d gs wmff gs blpfgdtgtb`d bd tem utmrus. Bt bs obvmd kybdimctb`d mvmry termm l`dtes gdn bs gs mhhmctbvm gs g c`lkbdmn`rgf c`dtrgcmptbvm pbff.

êm lgi`rbty `h w`lmd usbdohglbfy pfgddbdo lmte`ns bd Dbomrnbn d`t stgrt udtbf temy gfrmgny egnhùr `r l`rm cebfnrmd


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L`st cfbdbcs wbff d`t obvm Nmp`-Qr`vmrg t` w`lmd we` egvm egn hmwmr tegd 3-> prmodgdcbms.êm rmgs`dbdo kmebdn tebs bs rmfgtmn t` tem cufturgf blp`rtgdcm `h pr`nucbdo cebfnrmd gdn tem hgcttegt hmrtbfbty rmturds sf`wmr tegd wbte `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms (bdhmrtbfbty fgst up t` > l`dtes ghtmrNmp`-pr`vmrg bdimctb`ds grm st`ppmn).

[mstrbctb`dsBdimctgkfm c`dtrgcmptbvms cgdd`t km obvmd bh g w`lgd egs9 eboe kf``n

prmssurm, emgrt pr`kfmls, empgtbtbs, krmgst fulps/cgdcmr, `r lgy km prmodgdt.

Lgfm c`dn`l gdn spmrlbcbnm

C`dn`ls cgd km gd mhhmctbvm lmgds `h kbrte c`dtr`f bh usmn bdc`diudctb`d wbte g spmrlbcbnm. C`dn`ls gf`dm grm gkùt 55%mhhmctbvm, kut wemd usmn bd c`diudctb`d wbte spmrlbcbnm temprmvmdtb`d rgtm cfblks t` gfl`st 711%. êm gccmptgkbfbty gdnusm `h c`dn`ls bd Dbomr rmqubrms tem huff pgrtbcbpgtb`d `h temlgd gdn usugffy bs bdbtbgtmn ky ebl.

_`lmds omdmrgf jd`wfmnom `h c`dn`ls gdn spmrlbcbnm bs s`lmwegt fblbtmn, gcc`rnbdo t` temMdqutmNlòrgpebqum mt nm Sgdt 7225, >;% `h Dbomrbmd w`lmd jd`w gkùt teml kut `dfy 1.?% egvm usmnteml gt gdy p`bdt bd tembr fbvms t` prmvmdt prmodgdcy. Dbomrbmd lmd egvm luce l`rm jd`wfmnom hc`dn`ls wbte ?5% jd`wbdo gkùt teml gdn 5% we` egvm usmn teml. G wbhm wbff d`t nbscuss smxugfrmfgtb`ds wbte emr euskgdn, s` mssmdtbgffy, tem `dfy wgy tegt g rurgf w`lgd wùfn prmsmdt c`dn`ls t` emreuskgdn wùfn km bh em egn smdt emr t` `ktgbd teml.

_egt n`ms Bsfgl Sgy Gkùt Hglbfy Qfgddbdo0

Bt sgdctb`ds tem h`rty-ngy wgsebdo pmrb`n ghtmr tem kbrte `h g dmw

kgky, webce stbpufgtms tegt tem w`lgd bs t` rmst gt e`lm gdn temrm bsd` smxugf bdtmrcùrsm nurbdo tebs pmrb`n.

Bt pr`vbnms h`r g rmtbrmlmdt `h g w`lgd `dcm sem rmgcems g cmrtgbd

gom, dulkmr `h cebfnrmd, `r fmvmf `h strmss tegt emr k`ny cgdd`tsurpgss.

Bt gnv`cgtms tem usm `h krmgsthmmnbdo t` prmvmdt prmodgdcy.

@d gd bdnbvbnugf fmvmf, hglbfy pfgddbdo bs pmrlbttmn t` tgjm cgrm `h tem

hglbfy gdn mdsurm tem emgfte `h tem l`temr gdn cebfnrmd.

@temr tegd tegt, bt sgys d`tebdo cfmgr gkùt hglbfy pfgddbdo `r kbrtespgcbdo.


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@temr lmte`ns gvgbfgkfm(fmss mhhmctbvm bd Dbomr)@temr lmte`ns mxbst, kut grm mbtemr blprgctbcgf `r d`t eboefy mhhmctbvm. êmsm grm dgturgf lmte`nssuce gs cmrvbcgf smcrmtb`ds, fgctgtb`dgf glmd`rremg, reytel, `r l`nmrd lmte`ns suce gs bdtrgutmrbdmnmvbcms r stmrbfbzgtb`d.

Fgctgtb`dgf Glmd`rremg Lmte`n (FGL)

FGL bs prgctbcbdo mxcfusbvm krmgsthmmnbdo gs g lmgds `h kbrte c`dtr`f. êbsbs g dgturgf lmte`n gdn eboefy mhhmctbvm bh usmn c`rrmctfy gdn c`dsbstmdtfywbte fmss tegd 7% `h w`lmd omttbdo prmodgdt. C`rrmct usm `h tebs lmte`nrmqubrms tegt tem dmwk`rd kgky rmcmbvm vbrtugffy gff `h bts dutrbmdts hr`lkrmgst lbfj, krmgsthmmnbdo `ccurs `d g rmoufgr kgsbs terùoeùt tem ngy gdndboet, tem dmw l`temr egs d`t ymt kmoud t` lmdstrugtm gogbd, gdn emrkrmgsthmn bdhgdt bs fmss tegd sbx l`dtes `h gom. @dcm gdy `h tem gk`vmhgct`rs cegdoms, FGL cgd d` f`domr km usmn gs gd mhhmctbvm lmgds `h kbrtec`dtr`f.

Gs tebs lmte`n bs c`ll`dfy usmn ;% `h w`lmd kmc`lm prmodgdt kmh`rm tembr dmwk`rd cebfn bs sbx

l`dtes `fn. Bd Dbomr, FGL bs udrmfbgkfm num t` smvmrgf hgct`rs. Hbrst `h gff, w`lmd n` d`t obvmc`f`strul t` tembr dmwk`rd kgky, s` FGL n`ms d`t kmobd nbrmctfy ghtmr kbrte. Smc`dnfy, l`stw`lmd egvm nmlgdnbdo w`rj scemnufms, webce rmqubrms f`domr pmrb ns kmtwmmd hmmnbdos. Gdn,hbdgffy, tem bdtr`nuctb`d `h `temr h``ns `r wgtmr bdt` g cebfns nbmt kmh`rm sbx l`dtes `h gom nmcrmgsmstem glùdt `h krmgst lbfj kmbdo c`dsulmn webce gfs` nmcrmgsms FGLs mhhmctbvmdmss.

Bdtrgutmrbdm Nmvbcms (B]Ns)

Gd B]N bs g slgff, hfmxbkfm pfgstbc hrglm tegt `htmdegs g c`ppmr wbrm `r sfmmvm `d bt. êm B]N bsbdsmrtmn bdt` g w`lgds utmrus gdn rmlgbds temrm gsf`do gs hmrtbfbty bs t` km bdebkbtmn.

Bt w`rjs ky prmvmdtbdo tem spmrl gdn moo hr`l lmmtbdo gdn bt cùfn gfs` prmvmdt tem moo hr`l blpfgdtbdobdt` tem utmrbdm wgff. B]Ns grm 22% mhhmctbvm gs c`ll`dfy usmn (7 bd 7;= kmc`lm prmodgdt).]dh`rtudgtmfy, temrm bs g cegdcm `h nglgobdo tem utmrbdm wgff, bt cgd cgusm pmfvbc bdhfgllgt`ry nbsmgsm(fmgns t` bdhmrtbfbty), gdn bt rmqubrms g lmnbcgf hgcbfbty tegt cgd bdsmrt tem B]N. Bd Dbomr, B]Ns grm rgrmfyusmn h`r smvmrgf rmgs`ds, kut l`st blp`rtgdtfy kmcgusm tem w`lgd lust trgvmf t` g lmnbcgf cmdtmr ( cmdtrmlmnbcgfm)t` egvm bt bdsmrtmn gdn rml`vmn.

B]Nsgvgbfgkfm


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[eytel lmte`n

êm reytel `r cgfmdngr lmte`n bs usmn t` bnmdtbhy tem stgrt gdn mdn `h g w`lgds hmrtbfm pmrb`nnurbdo mgce l`dtefy cycfm. Bt rmqubrms w`lmd t` trgcj tem fmdote `h tembr cycfms h`r sbx l`dteskmh`rm kmobddbdo t` usm bt gs kbrte c`dtr`f. êbs lmte`n d`t fbjmfy t` km usmn `r mhhmctbvm kyDbomrbmd w`lmd, gs bt rmqubrms w`lmd t` jmmp trgcj `h tembr cycfms gdn temd hbourm ùt ngys wemdtemyrm hmrtbfm `r d`t. Bt cùfn km usmhuf h`r fbtmrgtm w`lmd we` cgd rmc`rn tebs bdh`rlgtb`d mvmryl`dte. _bte c`dsbstmdt usm bt bs 27 % mhhmctbvm, lmgdbdo `dm bd mfmvmd w`lmd wbff kmc`lmprmodgdt bh usbdo `dfy bt.

Lmdstrugf Cycfm (h`r usm wbte [eytel lmte`n)

Cmrvbcgf Smcrmtb`ds (lucus) lmte`n

_bte tebs lmte`n, g w`lgd lust km vmry gwgrm `h emrcmrvbcgf smcrmtb`ds gdn wbffbdo t` tmst teml wbte emrhbdomr. S`lm ngys ghtmr lmdstrugf kfmmnbdo, cmrvbcgfsmcrmtb`ds kmobd t` km smcrmtmn,

gt tebs p`bdt tem cùpfm rmhrgbds hr`l egvbdo udpr`tmctmn smx udtbf hùr ngys ghtmr tem pmgj ngy (ngy wemrmsmcrmtb`ds grm tem l`st sfbppmry, strmtcey, gdn wmt gs smmd bd tem pbcturm). Hr`l hùr ngys ghtmr tem pmgjngy udtbf tem dmxt lmdstrugf cycfm, tem cùpfm cgd egvm udpr`tmctmn smx. _emd tebs lmte`n bs usmn kybtsmfh bt bs 2?% mhhmctbvm, lmgdbdo 7 bd 33 w`lmd wbff kmc`lm prmodgdt wbte bt gs tem `dfy lmte`n._`lmd bd Dbomr grm eboefy udfbjmfy t` km rmcmptbvm t` tebs lmte`n.

êm [eytel gdn cmrvbcgf smcrmtb`ds lmte`n cgd km usmn bd c`diudctb`d wbte wbtenrgwgf bd `rnmr t`bdcrmgsm bts mhhmctbvmdmss gs g kbrte c`dtr`f lmte`n t` 25% wemrm 7 w`lgd bd =1 wbff kmc`lm prmodgdt.

_`lmd bd Dbomr grm gs fbjmfy t` usm ^rgnbtb`dgf lmte`ns `h HglbfyQfgddbdo (fbjm FGL `r gsjbdo g Lgrgkù t` obvm teml lmnbcbdm orb-orb)gs temy grm t` usm

L`nmrd lmte`ns(fbjm `rgf c`dtrgcmptbvms).


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Stmrbfbzgtb`d

Lmte`ns `h stmrbfbzgtb`d grm gvgbfgkfm h`r k`te lmd (vgsmct`ly) gdn w`lmd (tukgf fbogtb`d) bd Dbomr.K`te `h temsm lmte`ns rmqubrm suromry (gfwgys ngdomrùs, mspmcbgffy bd Dbomr) webce lust tgjm pfgcm bd glmnbcgf cmdtmr (usugffy bd gd grr`dnbssmlmdt `r nmpgrtlmdt cgpbtgf). Cufturgffy, hmrtbfbty bs XM[RBLQ@[^GD^ gdn d` `dm lgd `r w`lgd wùfn gormm t` kmc`lbdo pmrlgdmdtfy bdhmrtbfm. Gfs` `hd`tm, temrm egs dmvmr kmmd g vgsmct`ly pmrh`rlmn `d g Dbomrbmd lgd, teus stmrbfbzgtb`d bs d`t g vbgkfmlmte`n gt tebs tblm bd Dbomr.

Hglbfy pfgddbdo mnucgtb`d

_egtmvmr lmte`n, lmd gdn w`lmd bd Dbomr seùfn kmmdcùrgomn t` prgctbcm hglbfy pfgddbdo. êm cegffmdoms, fbstmngk`vm, cgd km `vmr c`lm wbte gppr`prbgtm mnucgtb`d. Mnucgtb`dgkùt kbrte spgcbdo seùfn km nbrmctmn t` k`te w`lmd gdn lmd.E`wmvmr gs lmd grm bd c`dtr`f `h tebs bssum, mvmry mhh`rt seùfnkm lgnm t` emfp mnucgtm teml gkùt tem blp`rtgdcm `h spgcbdotem kbrtes `h tembr cebfnrmd.

@dm mnucgtb`dgf lmte`n bs t` bdtr`nucm tem c`dcmpt tegt cebfnrmd grm fbjm lbffmt. Bh lbffmt bs pfgdtmn t``cf`sm tòmtemr, d`dm `h tem st`cjs wbff terbvm gdn pr`nucm. Bt bs tem sglm wbte cebfnrmd, bh temy grm k`rdt`` cf`sm tòmtemr temy egvm t` hboet t` survbvm, temy grmdt gkfm t` omt tem dutrbmdts temy dmmn, temy `htmdor`w sf`wmr, gdn egvm g eboemr cegdcm `h bffdmss. êrùoe mnucgtb`d, lmd gdn w`lmd cgd kmobd lgjbdobdh`rlmn nmcbsb`ds gkùt hglbfy pfgddbdo, mvmdtugffy nm

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