peace corps ethiopia welcome book 2015 september

8/20/2019 Peace Corps Ethiopia Welcome Book 2015 September

1/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX T@IHFN@X \FP UF

@UGLFRLK

K R@KH@ HFSRX RPCILHKULFM JFS M@T ZFIPMU@@SX

X`pt`nc`r 32;0


2/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0;

NKR FJ @UGLFRLK


3/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;03

K Tìhfn` I`tt`r

Hfmdrktuiktlfms fm yfur e`hlslfm tf oflm tg` R`kh` Hfrps! Ug` R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk stkjj ls v`ry `xhltèkcfut yfur kssldmn`mt kme kmxlfus tf `msur` tgkt yfur trkmsltlfm tf R`kh` Hfrps ilj` ls snfftg, `jj`htlv`,kme r`wkrelmd. \fu“r` hfnlmd tf fm` fj tg` fie`st hlvlilzktlfms lm Kjrlhk. Almd Xfifnfm kme tg` [u``mfj Xg`ck jldur` sldmljlhkmtiy lmtf @tglfplk“s stfry, kme lt ls fm` fj tg` j`w Kjrlhkm hfumtrl`s tgkt ele mft

`meur` k ifmd hfifmlki pr`s`mh`. @tglfplkms kr` v`ry prfue fj tg`lr glstfry, tg`lr huitur`, kme tg` c`kuty fjtg`lr ikme.

Cut @tglfplk ls mft kcfut tg` pkst1 lt ls kcfut tg` pr`s`mt kme tg` jutur`. Kitgfudg lt slts m`kr tg` cfttfn fjk ilst fj hfumtrl`s fm tg` Pmltè Mktlfms Gunkm E`vìfpn`mt Lme`x, tgls hfumtry gks `mofyè fm` fj tg`nfst rfcust `hfmfnlh drfwtg rkt`s lm Kjrlhk jfr s`v`rki y`krs. Ug` hfumtry ls ifhktè lm k rfudg

m`ldgcfrgffe ― tg` Gfrm fj Kjrlhk ― cut e`splt` tg` turnfli kme e`spklr lm nfst fj tg` hfumtrl`s fm lts cfre`rs, @tglfplk gks c``m rìktlvìy stkci` jfr twf e`hke`s. Lts stkclilty kme `hfmfnlh prfdr`ss ― lm tg`jkh` fj vkst gunkm m`è ― nka` lt km le`ki R`kh` Hfrps hfumtry. Ug` p`fpi` kme dfv`rmn`mt fj @tglfplkkr` v`ry pi`ksè tgkt R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``rs hfmtlmu` tf s`rv` tg` e`vìfpn`mt m`ès kme ksplrktlfms fj

fur gfst hfnnumltl`s.

Lm tgkt hfmt`xt, yfu gkv` `v`ry r`ksfm tf c` `xhltè kcfut tg` kev`mtur` fm wglhg yfu kr` kcfut tf`nckra. T` gfp` tgkt tgls wìhfn` cffa wlii juì yfur `mtguslksn kme prfvle` yfu wltg us`juilmjfrnktlfm kcfut @tglfplk kme R`kh` Hfrps ilj`. Ug` nfr` yfu ume`rstkme kcfut tg` hfumtry kme R`kh`

Hfrps s`rvlh` c`jfr` yfu krrlv`, tg` nfr` hfnjfrtkci` yfu wlii c` eurlmd yfur jlrst j`w khtlfm-pkhaèw`às ks yfu keoust tf yfur m`w surrfumelmds kme k rldfrfus cut juijliilmd trklmlmd shgèui .̀

\fu“r` kcfut tf tka` fm ’tg` tfudg`st ofc yfu“ii `v`r ifv`„ (fur jfrn`r tkdilm`). Ug` R`kh`Hfrps/@tglfplk stkjj kme L tgkma yfu jfr yfur e`slr` tf lnprfv` tg` fppfrtumltl`s lm ilj` jfr ftg`rs, kme w`

stkme r`key tf suppfrt yfu lm tg` ekys kme w`às i`kelmd up tf yfur krrlvki.

Tkrn r`dkres,

Crkmmfm U. Cr`w`rHfumtry Elr`htfr


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UKCI@ FJ HFMU@MUX

K T`ihfn` I`tt`r ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Hfr` @xp`htktlfms jfr R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``rs ............................................................................................ 0

R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk Glstfry kme Rrfdrkns ................................................................................................ :

Glstfry fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps lm @tglfplk..................................................................................................... :

R`kh` Hfrps Rrfdrknnlmd lm @tglfplk ..................................................................................................... :

Hfumtry Fv`rvl`w? @tglfplk kt k Dikmh` ......................................................................................................


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G`kitg Urklmlmd ....................................................................................................................................... 3;

Xkj`ty kme X`hurlty Urklmlmd .................................................................................................................. 3;

Keeltlfmki Urklmlmds Eurlmd Zfiumt``r X`rvlh` ..................................................................................... 3;

\fur G`kitg Hkr` lm @tglfplk...................................................................................................................... 33

G`kitg Lssu`s lm @tglfplk ........................................................................................................................ 38

Gìplmd \fu Xtky G`kitgy ...................................................................................................................... 38

Nklmtklmlmd \fur G`kitg ........................................................................................................................ 38

Tfn`m“s G`kitg Lmjfrnktlfm ................................................................................................................. 35

\fur R`kh` Hfrps Nèlhki Alt ............................................................................................................... 35

C`jfr` \fu I`kv`? K Nèlhki Hg`hailst ................................................................................................ 30

Xkj`ty kme X`hurlty lm E`ptg ...................................................................................................................... 34

Jkhtfrs tgkt Hfmtrlcut` tf Zfiumt``r Slsa .............................................................................................. 34

Xtkylmd Xkj`? Efm“t C` k Ukrd`t jfr Hrln` ............................................................................................ 37

Xuppfrt jrfn Xtkjj .................................................................................................................................. 37

Fjjlh` fj Zlhtln Kevfhkhy .................................................................................................................... 3


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HFS@ @WR@HUKULFMX JFS R@KH@ HFSRX ZFIPMU@@SX

Lm wfralmd tfwkre juijliilmd tg` R`kh` Hfrps nlsslfm fj prfnftlmd wfrie p`kh` kme jrl`mesglp, ks ktrklm`` kme Zfiumt``r, yfu kr` `xp`htè tf ef tg` jfiifwlmd?

;.

Rr`pkr` yfur p`rsfmki kme prfj`sslfmki ilj` tf nka` k hfnnltn`mt tf s`rv` kcrfke jfr k juii t`rnfj 34 nfmtgs

3. Hfnnlt tf lnprfvlmd tg` qukilty fj ilj` fj tg` p`fpi` wltg wgfn yfu ilv` kme wfra kme, lm eflmdsf, sgkr` yfur saliis, kekpt tg`n, kme i`krm m`w saliis ks m`èè

8. X`rv` wg`r` tg` R`kh` Hfrps ksas yfu tf df, ume`r hfmeltlfms fj gkresglp lj m`h`sskry, kme wltgtg` ji`xlclilty m`èè jfr `jj`htlv` s`rvlh`

5.

S`hfdmlz` tgkt yfur suhh`ssjui kme sustklmkci` e`vìfpn`mt wfra ls cksè fm tg` ifhki trust kmehfmjle`mh` yfu culie cy ilvlmd lm, kme r`sp`htjuiiy lmt`drktlmd yfursìj lmtf, yfur gfst hfnnumltykme huitur`

0. S`hfdmlz` tgkt yfu kr` r`spfmslci` 35 gfurs k eky, 4 ekys k w`à jfr yfur p`rsfmki hfmeuht kme prfj`sslfmki p`rjfrnkmh`

:. @mdkd` wltg gfst hfumtry pkrtm`rs lm k splrlt fj hffp`rktlfm, nutuki i`krmlmd, kme r`sp`ht

4.

Tfra wltglm tg` rui`s kme r`duiktlfms fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps kme tg` ifhki kme mktlfmki ikws fj tg`hfumtry wg`r` yfu s`rv`

7. @x`rhls` ouedn`mt kme p`rsfmki r`spfmslclilty tf prft`ht yfur g`kitg, skj`ty, kme wìi-c`lmd kmetgkt fj ftg`rs


7/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0:

R@KH@ HFSRX/@UGLFRLK GLXUFS\ KME RSFDSKNX

Glstfry fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps lm @tglfplkR`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk ls fm` fj tg` fie`st R`kh` Hfrps prfdrkns. Ug` jlrst drfup fj R`kh` HfrpsZfiumt``rs krrlv`e lm @tglfplk (lmhiuelmd pr`s`mt-eky @rltr`k) lm X`pt`nc`r ;


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Lm fre`r tf n``t tg`s` crfke`r dfkis, slmh` X`pt`nc`r 32;5, @euhktlfm Zfiumt``rs gkv` c``m pikhè lmgldg shgffis ks @mdilsg t`khg`rs, wltg k nkxlnun fj tgr`` s`htlfms fj tg`lr fwm. Keeltlfmkiiy,

Zfiumt``rs pikm kme i`ke `xtrkhurrlhuikr khtlvltl`s lmhiuelmd stue`mt kme t`khg`r @mdilsg hiucs, d`me`r-`npfw`rn`mt hiucs, kme t`khg`r trklmlmds, tf mkn` k j`w.

@mvlrfmn`mt

Ug` @mvlrfmn`mt prfo`ht, jfrn`riy amfwm ks Hfms`rvktlfm kme Mkturki S`sfurh` Nkmkd`n`mt, wksikumhgè kt tg` c`dlmmlmd fj jlshki y`kr 32;8 jfiifwlmd R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk“s `mtrkmh` lmtf tg` difckiR`kh` Hfrps jffe s`hurlty pkrtm`rsglp kdr``n`mt wltg PXKLE kme tg` J`è tg` Jutur` lmltlktlv`. Ug`

prfo`ht gks `vfivè jrfn lts pr`vlfus jfhus fm prft`htè kr`k nkmkd`n`mt kme `hftfurlsn tf `mgkmhlmdkdrlhuiturki syst`ns lm fre`r tf lnprfv` jffe s`hurlty kt tg` drkssrffts i`vì. Ug` hurr`mt `mvlrfmn`mt

prfo`ht ls hkiiè S`slil`mt @mvlrfmn`mt, Kdrlhuitur` kme Ilvìlgffes. Ug` fv`rkii purpfs` fj tg` prfo`ht ls

tgkt @tglfplkm hfnnumlty n`nc`rs wlii lnprfv` jffe s`hurlty kme nkmkd`n`mt fj tg`lr mkturkir`sfurh`s. Ugls ls khhfnpilsgè tgrfudg tg` jfiifwlmd twf dfkis?

;.

Jffe s`hurlty? Hfnnumlty n`nc`rs wlii lmhr`ks` kvklikclilty fj kme khh`ss tf elv`rs` kme nfr`

mutrltlfus jffes.3. @mvlrfmn`mtki st`wkresglp? Hfnnumltl`s wlii lnprfv` `mvlrfmn`mtki kwkr`m`ss kme mkturki

r`sfurh`s nkmkd`n`mt.

@mvlrfmn`mt Zfiumt``rs prfvle` hfr` suppfrt kt tg` vliikd` i`vì tf lnprfv` tg` jffe s`hurlty stktus fj

tg` hfnnumltl`s tg`y s`rv`.

@mvlrfmn`mt Zfiumt``rs wfra prlnkrliy kt tg` drkssrffts i`vì wltg rurki hfnnumltl`s kme jkrn`r

trklmlmd h`mt`rs. Ug`lr nklm hfumt`rpkrts kr` e`vìfpn`mt kd`mts jrfn tg` ifhki kdrlhuiturki kme rurkie`vìfpn`mt fjjlh` kme hfnnumlty n`nc`rs lmt`r`stè lm ume`rtkalmd r`jfr`stktlfm, kdrfjfr`stry, kme

ftg`r mkturki r`sfurh` nkmkd`n`mt khtlvltl`s. Jffe s`hurlty kme mkturki r`sfurh` nkmkd`n`mt lmhiue`s kwle` rkmd` fj khtlvltl`s, jrfn snkii-shki` dkre`mlmd tf r`jfr`stktlfm kme wkt`rsgè prft`htlfm tf jkrnlmdkme sustklmkci` jffe prfeuhtlfm.

Kii Zfiumt``rs lm tgls prfo`ht kr` trklmè fm sp`hljlh t`hgmlhki saliis suhg ks p`rnkdkre`mlmd, tr`` pikmtlmd, wkt`r gkrv`stlmd, `mvlrfmn`mtki èuhktlfm prfdrknnlmd, kme juì-`jjlhl`mt hffastfv s̀, prfvlelmd tg`n wltg k tffialt fj jfhusè khtlvltl`s tgkt wlii gìp keer`ss kdrlhuiturki kme `mvlrfmn`mtkihgkii`md`s lm @tglfplk.

Hfnnumlty G`kitg kme GLZ

Xlmh` 3224, R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk gks wfraè hifsìy wltg tg` Nlmlstry fj G`kitg kme tg` jè`rkiGLZ/KLEX Rr`v`mtlfm kme Hfmtrfi Fjjlh` tf gìp tg` @tglfplkm dfv`rmn`mt lnpi`n`mt pr`v`mtlfm, hkr`,kme suppfrt lmt`rv`mtlfms. Juiiy jumeè cy tg` Rr`sle`mt“s @n`rd`mhy Rikm jfr KLEX Sìl`j (R@RJKS),

tg` G`kitg prfo`ht jfhus`s fm `stkcilsglmd kme str`mdtg`mlmd hfnnumlty-cksè GLZ/KLEX pr`v`mtlfm,hkr`, kme tr`ktn`mt prfdrkns. G`kitg prfo`ht syst`ns-i`vì khtlvltl`s jfhus fm lnprfvlmd hfnnumltykwkr`m`ss kcfut GLZ/KLEX pr`v`mtlfm, lnprfvlmd hkr` kme suppfrt s`rvlh`s jfr jknlil`s kjj`htè kme

lmj`htè cy GLZ/KLEX, str`mdtg`mlmd r`j`rrki syst`ns c`tw``m g`kitg jkhliltl`s kme hfnnumltl`s wltglmtg`lr kr`ks fj fp`rktlfm, kme `mgkmhlmd hil`mt-cksè trkhalmd fj pktl`mts tgrfudg tg` s`rvlh` eìlv`ryhfmtlmuun. Uf suppfrt m`twfras fj pr`v`mtlfm, hkr` kme suppfrt s`rvlh`s jfr p`fpi` ilvlmd wltg GLZ,frpgkms kme vuim`rkci` hglier`m, kme tg`lr hkr`dlv`rs kt tg` lmelvleuki i`vì, Zfiumt``rs jfhus fm

khtlvltl`s lmhiuelmd GLZ/KLEX kwkr`m`ss kme pr`v`mtlfm, trklmlmd fj yfutg kme ftg`r hfnnumltyn`nc`rs lm ilj` saliis, suppfrt fj ilvìlgffes, kme cuslm`ss e`vìfpn`mt khtlvltl`s tgkt tkrd`t gfus`gfiesfj p`fpi` ilvlmd wltg GLZ, prfnftlfm fj hfumsìlmd kme t`stlmd prfdrkns jfr p`fpi` wltg GLZ, kmesyst`n str`mdtg`mlmd wltglm ifhki frdkmlzktlfms wfralmd tf hfnckt GLZ/KLEX.


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Lm 32;;, tg` prfdrkn elv`rsljlè lts kr`ks fj t`hgmlhki suppfrt kjt`r tg` dfv`rmn`mt“s kefptlfm fj tg`Difcki G`kitg Lmltlktlv`. Pme`r tgls jrkn`wfra, Zfiumt``rs mfw kisf wfra fm nkt`rmki kme hglie g`kitg

wltg k jfhus fm mutrltlfm, wkt`r, gydl`m` kme skmltktlfm, kme nkikrlk. Ug` fv`rkii purpfs` fj tg` G`kitg prfo`ht ls tf lnprfv` lmelvleuki kme jknliy g`kitg lm @tglfplk tgrfudg tg` rèuhtlfm fj lmj`htlfus els k̀s`skme e`vìfpn`mt fj g`kitgy c`gkvlfrs. Ug` prfo`ht gks tgr`` dfkis?

;.

GLZ pr`v`mtlfm, hkr` kme suppfrt? Hfnnumlty n`nc`rs wlii kefpt c`gkvlfrs tf e`hr`ks` tg`spr`ke kme nltldkt` tg` gkrnjui `jj`hts fj GLZ.

3. Nkt`rmki kme m`wcfrm g`kitg? Nftg`rs kme hkr`dlv`rs wlii e`nfmstrkt` tg` amfwièd` kmesaliis tgkt hfmtrlcut` tf lnprfvè nkt`rmki, m`fmktki, kme hglie g`kitg futhfn`s.

8. Tkt`r, skmltktlfm, kme gydl`m`? Hfnnumlty n`nc`rs wlii kefpt g`kitgy c`gkvlfrs tf rèuh`lmj`htlfus els`ks`s kme lnprfv` `mvlrfmn`mtki g`kitg.

Hfnnumlty G`kitg kme GLZ Zfiumt``rs wfra kt k g`kitg h`mt`r fr g`kitg pfst. Ug` prlnkry hfumt`rpkrt lstg` ifhki g`kitg `xt`mslfm wfra`r. Ufd`tg`r wltg tg`lr hfumt`rpkrts, Zfiumt``rs jkhliltkt` hfnnumltyfutr`khg kme g`kitg èuhktlfm prfdrkns cy hfmeuhtlmd gfn` vlslts, jkhliltktlmd shgffi-cksè g`kitg

khtlvltl`s jfr yfutg, kme suppfrtlmd hfnnumlty dktg`rlmds tgkt jfhus fm hfnnumlty g`kitg prlfrltl`s.


10/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0<

HFPMUS\ FZ@SZL@T? @UGLFRLK KU K DIKMH@

Glstfry@tglfplk ls k elv`rs` hfumtry wltg km kmhl`mt glstfry, ektlmd ks jkr ckha ks gunkm glstfry ltsìj. Ug` fie`stjfssli r`nklms fj gunkms kme fur kmh`stfrs gkv` c``m jfume wltglm lts cfre`rs, lmhiuelmd tg` jknfussaì`tfm fj Kustrkifpltg`hus kjkr`msls, c`tt`r amfwm ks Iuhy. Iuhy kme fur ftg`r kmhl`mt kmh`stfrsjfume lm tgls r`dlfm hfmtrlcutè tf @tglfplk“s nfmla`r ks tg` hrkei` fj gunkmlty.

Ug` jlrst strfmd almdefn lm @tglfplk wks tg` Kasunlt` almdefn, kt lts tln` fm` fj tg` nfst pfw`rjuialmdefns fj tg` kmhl`mt wfrie. Ug` Kasunlt` almdefn ls cìl`vè tf gkv` str`thgè lmtf ikrd` pkrts fjsfutg`rm Krkclk kme w`st lmtf tg` Mli` Zkii`y. Lts ifmd`st ikstlmd lmjiu`mh` wks tg` lmtrfeuhtlfm fj

Hgrlstlkmlty tf @tglfplk. @tglfplkm trkeltlfmki i`d`me gfies tgkt tg` jfume`r fj tg` Kasunlt` almdefn wksAlmd N`mìla L, tg` sfm fj tg` [u``m fj Xg`ck (amfwm lm @tglfplk ks Nkaèk) kme Almd Xfifnfm fj

Lsrkì. Kjt`r tg` rls` fj Lsikn lm tg` s`v`mtg h`mtury, tg` almdefn c`hkn` lsfiktè ks Krkcs dklmè hfmtrfifj tg` Sè X`k trkelmd rfut`s. Lm tg` ;3tg h`mtury, suhh`ssfr fj tg` Kxunlt` Eymksty gke `xpkmeèsfutgwkre, prlmhlpkiiy tf Ikilcìk.

@tglfplk ls km `tgmlhkiiy elv`rs` hfumtry wltg fv`r 72 `tgmlh kme ilmdulstlh hfnnumltl`s, nkalmddfv`rmkmh` kme tg` e`vìfpn`mt fj k umltkry stkt` hgkii`mdlmd. E`splt` tgls elv`rslty, @tglfplk wks m`v`rhfifmlzè cy tg` @urfp`km pfw`rs kme @tglfplkms kr` `xtr`nìy prfue fj tgls i`dkhy. @tglfplk“s nfe`rm

p`rlfe (pfst-;700) wks hgkrkht`rlzè cy tg` prfh`ss fj r`hr`ktlmd k hfg`slv` stkt`? cy @np`rfr Gkli`

Xìkssl`1 cy tg` Nkrxlst r`dln` fj N`mdlstu Gkli` Nkrlkn1 kme, slmh` nle-;


11/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0;2

@hfmfnyLm tg` `hfmfnlh kr`mk, tg` UD@ lmg`rltè k sgktt`rè hfumtry. Lm gls jlrst pucilh sp``hg kjt`r tg` @RSEJgke hkpturè Keels Kckck lm ;


12/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0;;

Sìldlfm pikys km lnpfrtkmt rfi` lm @tglfplkm sfhl`ty. Kinfst gkij tg` p`fpi` kr` @tglfplkm Frtgfefx,

wgli` Nusilns khhfumt jfr kcfut 80 p`rh`mt fj tg` tftki pfpuiktlfm. K snkii nlmfrlty lmhiue`s Hktgfilhskme Rrft`stkmts1 tg` r`nklme`r prkhtlh` trkeltlfmki rìldlfus cìl`js.


13/51


S@XFPSH@X JFS JPSUG@S LMJFSNKULFM

Jfiifwlmd ls k ilst fj w`cslt`s jfr keeltlfmki lmjfrnktlfm kcfut tg` R`kh` Hfrps kme @tglfplk kme tfhfmm`ht yfu tf r`turmè Zfiumt``rs kme ftg`r lmvlt``s. Ri`ks` a``p lm nlme tgkt kitgfudg tg` R`kh` Hfrpstrl`s tf nka` sur` kii tg`s` ilmas kr` khtlv` kme hurr`mt, tg` R`kh` Hfrps hkmmft dukrkmt`` lt. Lj yfu ef mft

gkv` khh`ss tf tg` Lmt`rm`t, vlslt yfur ifhki ilcrkry. Ilcrkrl`s fjj`r jr`` Lmt`rm`t uskd` kme fjt`m i`t yfu prlmt lmjfrnktlfm tf tka` gfn`.

K mft` fj hkutlfm? Ks yfu surj tg` Lmt`rm`t, c` kwkr` tgkt yfu nky jlme cuii`tlm cfkres kme hgkt rffns lmwglhg p`fpi` kr` jr`` tf `xpr`ss fplmlfms kcfut tg` R`kh` Hfrps cksè fm tg`lr fwm `xp`rl`mh`s,

lmhiuelmd hfnn`mts cy tgfs` wgf w`r` umgkppy wltg tg`lr hgflh` tf s`rv` lm tg` R`kh` Hfrps. Ug`s`fplmlfms kr` mft tgfs` fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps fr tg` P.X. dfv`rmn`mt, kme pi`ks` a``p lm nlme tgkt mf twf

p`fpi` `xp`rl`mh` tg`lr s`rvlh` lm tg` skn` wky.

D`m`rki Lmjfrnktlfm Kcfut @tglfplkXtkt`.dfv

Ug` E`pkrtn`mt fj Xtkt`“s w`cslt` lssu`s ckhadrfume mft`s p`rlfelhkiiy kcfut hfumtrl`s krfume tg`wfrie. Jlme @tglfplk kme i`krm nfr` kcfut lts sfhlki kme pfiltlhki glstfry. \fu hkm kisf df tf tg` slt`“slmt`rmktlfmki trkvì s`htlfm tf hg`ha fm hfmeltlfms tgkt nky kjj`ht yfur skj`ty. Ilma elr`htiy tf tg`@tglfplk pkd` kt gttp?//www.stkt`.dfv/p/kj/hl/`t/ .

gttp?//umstkts.um.frd/umse/pfha`tcffa/TfrieVXtktlstlhsVRfha`tcffaV32;8Vèltlfm.pej Pmltè Mktlfms r`sfurh` cffa wltg 32;8 stktlstlhki hfumtry ektk

Ektk.um.frd

Pmltè Mktlfms slt` wltg ilmas tf ektk jrfn P.M. n`nc`r hfumtrl`s

Tlalpèlk.frd X`krhg jfr @tglfplk tf jlme `mhyhifpèlk-typ` lmjfrnktlfm. Mft`? Ks Tlalpèlk hfmt`mt ls us`r-d`m`rktè,lmjfrnktlfm nky c` clksè kme/fr mft v`rljlè.

Tfrieckma.frd

Ug` Tfrie Ckma Drfup“s nlsslfm ls tf jldgt pfv`rty kme lnprfv` tg` ilvlmd stkmekres fj p`fpi` lm tg`

e`vìfplmd wfrie. Lt ls k e`vìfpn`mt ckma tgkt prfvle`s ifkms, pfilhy kevlh`, t`hgmlhki ksslstkmh`, kmeamfwièd`-sgkrlmd s`rvlh`s tf e`vìfplmd hfumtrl`s tf rèuh` pfv`rty. Ugls slt` hfmtklms k ift fj

lmjfrnktlfm kme r`sfurh`s r`dkrelmd e`vìfpn`mt.

Ektk.wfrieckma.frd/hfumtry

Rrfvle`s lmjfrnktlfm fm e`vìfpn`mt lmelhktfrs fm hfumtrl`s, lmhiuelmd pfpuiktlfm, d`me`r, jlmkmhlki, kmeèuhktlfm, kme hilnkt` hgkmd` stktlstlhs.

Hfmm`ht Tltg S`turmè Zfiumt``rs kme Ftg`r Lmvlt``sgttp?//www.p`kh`hfrpshfmm`ht.frd

Ugls ls tg` slt` fj tg` Mktlfmki R`kh` Hfrps Kssfhlktlfm, nke` up fj r`turmè Zfiumt``rs. Fm tgls slt` yfuhkm jlme ilmas tf kii tg` T`c pkd`s fj tg` ’Jrl`mes fj„ drfups jfr nfst hfumtrl`s fj s`rvlh`, hfnprlsè fj

jfrn`r Zfiumt``rs wgf s`rvè lm tgfs` hfumtrl`s. Ug`r` kr` kisf r`dlfmki drfups tgkt jr`qu`mtiy d`ttfd`tg`r jfr sfhlki `v`mts kme ifhki vfiumt``r khtlvltl`s. Fr df strkldgt tf tg` Jrl`mes fj @tglfplk slt`?gttp?//www.`tglfplk`rltr`krphvs.frd .

http://www.state.gov/http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/et/http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/et/http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/et/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/World_Statistics_Pocketbook_2013_edition.pdfhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/World_Statistics_Pocketbook_2013_edition.pdfhttp://data.un.org/http://data.un.org/http://dc-na01.peacecorps.gov/agency%20folders/@Agency_All/D_C/Welcome%20Book%20Template%20Update/wikipedia.orghttp://dc-na01.peacecorps.gov/agency%20folders/@Agency_All/D_C/Welcome%20Book%20Template%20Update/wikipedia.orghttp://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.data.worldbank.org/countryhttp://www.data.worldbank.org/countryhttp://www.peacecorpsconnect.org/http://www.peacecorpsconnect.org/http://www.ethiopiaeritrearpcvs.org/http://www.ethiopiaeritrearpcvs.org/http://www.ethiopiaeritrearpcvs.org/http://www.peacecorpsconnect.org/http://www.data.worldbank.org/countryhttp://www.worldbank.org/http://dc-na01.peacecorps.gov/agency%20folders/@Agency_All/D_C/Welcome%20Book%20Template%20Update/wikipedia.orghttp://data.un.org/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/World_Statistics_Pocketbook_2013_edition.pdfhttp://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/et/http://www.state.gov/


14/51


R`kh`HfrpsTfriewle`.frd Ugls slt`, gfstè cy k drfup fj r`turmè Zfiumt``r wrlt`rs, ls k nfmtgiy fmilm` pucilhktlfm fj `sskys kme

Zfiumt``r khhfumts fj tg`lr R`kh` Hfrps s`rvlh`.

Fmilm` Krtlhi`s/Hurr`mt M`ws Xlt`s Kcfut @tglfplk

PM.frd/M`ws/ Ug` Pmltè Mktlfms m`ws s`rvlh` prfvle`s hfv`rkd` fj lts n`nc`r stkt`s kme lmjfrnktlfm kcfut tg`lmt`rmktlfmki p`khà``plmd frdkmlzktlfm“s khtlfms kme pfsltlfms.

ZFKm`ws.hfn Zflh` fj Kn`rlhk, tg` P.X. dfv`rmn`mt“s nuitlnèlk crfkehkst`r, j`ktur`s hfv`rkd` fj m`ws krfume tg`wfrie.

Kiikjrlhk.hfn

M`ws wlr` stfrl`s kcfut @tglfplk.

Lmt`rmktlfmki E`vìfpn`mt Xlt`s Kcfut @tglfplkgttp?//www.uskle.dfv/`tglfplk Ugls slt` `xpifr`s tg` P.X Kd`mhy jfr Lmt`rmktlfmki E`vìfpn`mt“s Tfra lm @tglfplk.

gttp?//www.`t.umep.frd

Ugls slt` `xpifr`s tg` wfra fj tg` Pmltè Mktlfms E`vìfpn`mt Rrfdrkn lm @tglfplk.

S`hfnn`meè Cffas

Cffas Kcfut @tglfplk

;.

N`ziàlk, M`dk. ’ Mft`s jrfn tg` Gy`mk“s Cìiy? Km @tglfplkm Cfygffe.„ Rlhkefr, 3223.

3.

Z`rdg`ss`, Kcrkgkn. ’Huttlmd jfr Xtfm`.„ Zlmtkd` Hkmkek @eltlfm, 32;2.8. Ug`rfux, Rkui. ’Ekra Xtkr Xkjkrl? Fv`rikme jrfn Hklrf tf Hkp` Ufwm„ Nkrlm`r Cffas, 3225.

5. Xgkg, Ukglr. ’Lm X`krhg fj Almd Xfifnfm“s Nlm`s.„ Krhke`, 32;3.

Cffas Kcfut tg` Glstfry fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps;.

Gfjjnkm, @ilzkc`tg Hfccs. ’Kii \fu M`è ls Ifv`? Ug` R`kh` Hfrps kme tg` Xplrlt fj tg`;


15/51


3. Hks`cfit, Nkrofrl` E`Nfss. ’Nkrdkrltk? K Dukt`nkikm R`kh` Hfrps @xp`rl`mh`.„ Dld Gkrcfr,TK? Sè Kppi` Rucilsglmd, 3222.

8. @renkm, Xkrkg. ’ Mlm` Gliis tf Mkncfmakgk? Uwf \`krs lm tg` G`krt fj km Kjrlhkm Zliikd`.„ M`w\fra Hlty? Rlhkefr, 3228.

5. G`ssi`r, R`t`r. ’Slv`r Ufwm? Uwf \`krs fm tg` \kmdtz`.„ M`w \fra Hlty? R`r`mmlki, 322;.0. A`mmèy, D`rkielm` è. ’Jrfn tg` H`mt`r fj tg` @krtg? Xtfrl`s fut fj tg` R`kh` Hfrps.„ Xkmtk

Nfmlhk, HK? Hifv`r Rkra Rr`ss, ;


16/51


ILZLMD HFMELULFMX KME ZFIPMU@@S ILJ@XU\I@

HfnnumlhktlfmsNkli

J`w hfumtrl`s lm tg` wfrie fjj`r tg` i`vì fj nkli s`rvlh` kvklikci` lm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s. Zfiumt``rs gkv` c``m pi`kskmtiy surprlsè cy tg` `jjlhl`mhy fj tg` @tglfplkm pfstki s`rvlh`, cut eìkyè kme ifst nkli ef`sfhhur. Kevls` yfur jknliy kme jrl`mes tf munc`r tg`lr i`tt`rs kme tf lmhiue` ’Klrnkli„ kme ’Rkr Kvlfm„fm tg`lr `mvìfp`s. Rkhakd`s mfrnkiiy tka` tgr`` tf jfur w`às tf r`khg @tglfplk vlk klrnkli. Jikt-rkt`

cfx`s (kvklikci` tgrfudg tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s pfstki syst`n) kr` k dffe e`ki, kiifwlmd tg` s`me`r tf s`mes`v`rki tglmds wltgfut gkvlmd tf wfrry kcfut tg` w`ldgt.

\fur keer`ss eurlmd trklmlmd wlii c` ks jfiifws?\fur Mkn`/RHU

P.X. R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplkR.F. Cfx 4477Keels Kckck, @tglfplk

\fu wlii purhgks` k p`rsfmki pfst fjjlh` cfx fmh` yfu nfv` tf yfur slt`. Kjt`r yfu gkv` fctklmè yfurfwm pfst fjjlh` cfx, nkli krrlvlmd lm Keels Kckck wlii hfmtlmu` tf c` gìe kt tg` R`kh` Hfrps fjjlh` umtliyfu pkss tgrfudg fm fjjlhlki cuslm`ss fr wg`m k stkjj n`nc`r vlslts yfu kt yfur slt`.

Uì`pgfm`s

Kinfst kii slt`s gkv` tì`hfn h`mt`rs wltg lmt`rmktlfmki ifmd elstkmh`. R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk prfvle`s ktì`hfnnumlhktlfms kiifwkmh`. Hìipgfm`s kr` wle`spr`ke lm @tglfplk, kitgfudg hfv`rkd` vkrl`s khrfsstg` hfumtry. \fu wlii gkv` tg` fptlfm fj purhgkslmd k XLN hkre kme pgfm` eurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd

(RXU)1 kii hurr`mt Zfiumt``rs gkv` nfcli` pgfm`s. Zfiumt``rs“ s`ttilmd-lm kiifwkmh` lmhiue`s jumes tfhfv`r tgls purhgks`.

Hfnput`r, Lmt`rm`t, kme @nkli Khh`ssLmt`rm`t khh`ss ls rkpleiy hgkmdlmd lm @tglfplk. Uyplhkiiy, Lmt`rm`t ls kvklikci` kt Lmt`rm`t hkj`s lm nkmy

tfwms kme hltl`s, cut s`rvlh` hkm c` sifw kme hfstiy. K drfwlmd munc`r fj tfwms mfw gkv` khh`ss tfLmt`rm`t vlk pr`-pkle Lmt`rm`t e`vlh`s tgkt yfu hkm purhgks` lm @tglfplk kme us` wltg yfur ikptfp. Ks suhg,s`v`rki Zfiumt``rs kr` jlmelmd lt nuhg `ksl`r tf a``p lm hfmtkht wltg jrl`mes kme jknliy kt gfn`.

M`v`rtgì s̀s, tg`r` kr` stlii s`v`rki slt`s kme Zfiumt``rs wltgfut khh`ss tf Lmt`rm`t hfmm`htlfm fptlfms.\fu sgfuie, tg`r`jfr`, mft hfumt fm gkvlmd ekliy, fr `v`m w`àiy, Lmt`rm`t khh`ss eurlmd yfur s`rvlh` lm

@tglfplk. E`sldmktè hfnput`rs lm tg` r`sfurh` h`mt`r kt tg` R`kh` Hfrps fjjlh` gkv` Lmt`rm`t khh`ss, kmeyfu kr` wìhfn` tf us` tg`s` wg`m lm Keels Kckck fr kt k R`kh` Hfrps r`dlfmki fjjlh`. Ug` fjjlh`s kr`kisf `qulppè wltg Tl-Jl s`rvlh` `xhiuslvìy jfr Zfiumt``rs“ us`. Nkmy Zfiumt``rs crlmd ikptfps jfr

r`s`krhg, eldltki pgftfs, fr `mt`rtklmn`mt, cut ks wltg kmy vkiukci` lt`n, tg`r` ls k rlsa fj tg`jt fr eknkd`.Nkmy RHZs r`hfnn`me crlmdlmd k ikptfp hfnput`r, cut tg` R`kh` Hfrps ls mft r`spfmslci` jfr tg`jt fr

eknkd`, kme yfu wlii m`è tf tka` keeltlfmki pr`hkutlfms lj yfu hgffs` tf crlmd fm`.

Gfuslmd kme Xlt` IfhktlfmKii trklm``s stky wltg @tglfplkm gfst jknlil`s eurlmd tg` lmltlki ;3-w`à pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd.

R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk pikh`s Zfiumt``rs lm jfur r`dlfms? Kngkrk, Frfnlyk, Uldrky, kme Xfutg`rm Mktlfms.

Eu` tf lts wle` rkmd` fj kitltue`s, @tglfplk `xp`rl`mh`s `xtr`nìy vkrlè hilnkt` hfmeltlfms, lmhiuelmdhfie nfumtklms, t`np`rkt` gldgikmes, kme gft e`s`rts. Zfiumt``rs sgfuie c` pr`pkrè jfr k pikh`n`mt lmkmy fj tg`s` r`dlfms.


17/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0;:

Eurlmd s`rvlh`, Zfiumt``rs ilv` lm khhfnnfektlfms le`mtljlè cy tg` R`kh` Hfrps lm hffrelmktlfm wltgifhki r`pr`s`mtktlv`s jrfn tg` gfst frdkmlzktlfm. Zfiumt``rs wlii gkv` k nfe`st ewìilmd tgkt nky c` fm`

fr nfr` rffns lm k gfus` fm k hfnnfm hfnpfume, ks ls tg` ifhki stkmekre. Kii Zfiumt``r gfuslmd n``tsR`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk's skj`ty kme s`hurlty stkmekres kme ls kpprfvè cy R`kh` Hfrps stkjj prlfr tf tg`Zfiumt``r“s krrlvki kt slt`. Xfn` Zfiumt``r slt`s kr` r`nft` kme tg` stkmekre fj ilvlmd ls kt k ckslh i`vì(`.d., k nue gfus` wltg km fhhkslfmkiiy umrìlkci` suppiy fj wkt`r fr ì`htrlhlty). Ftg`r Zfiumt``rs nky

c` pikhè lm k rurki tfwm kme ilv` lm k h`n`mt struhtur` wltg ì`htrlhlty kme rummlmd wkt r̀. Surki slt`s hkm c` lsfiktè wltg tg` hifs`st sgfpplmd tfwm c`lmd kmywg r̀` jrfn 32 ‘ ;02 nli`s kwky. Zfiumt``rs nust c` pr`pkrè tf khh`pt tg` ilvlmd hfmeltlfms tf wglhg tg`y kr` kssldmè ks tg`y wlii c` ilvlmd ume`r tg` skn`hfmeltlfms ks tg` p`fpi` wltg kme jfr wgfn tg`y wfra.

Ilvlmd Kiifwkmh` kme Nfm`y Nkmkd`n`mtZfiumt``rs r`h`lv` k nfmtgiy kiifwkmh` lm @tglfplkm clrr tgkt ls sujjlhl`mt tf ilv` kt tg` i`vì fj tg` ifhki

p`fpi`. Ug` kiifwkmh̀ hfv`rs jffe, gfuslmd, gfus`gfie suppil`s, hiftglmd, trkmspfrtktlfm tf kme jrfnwfra, utliltl`s, r`hr`ktlfm kme `mt`rtklmn`mt, kme lmhle`mtki `xp`ms`s. R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``rs kr`

`xp`htè tf ilv` kt k i`vì tgkt ls hfnpkrkci` wltg tgkt fj tg`lr gfst hfumtry hfumt`rpkrts. Ug` R`kh` Hfrpselshfurkd`s Zfiumt` r̀s jrfn suppi`n`mtlmd tg`lr ilvlmd kiifwkmh` wltg jumes jrfn gfn`.

Jffe kme El`tLm nfst pkrts fj @tglfplk tg`r` ls k r`duikr, kitgfudg ilnltè, sì`htlfm fj jr`sg jrults kme v`d`tkci`s.Cuthg`r sgfps sìi c``j kme iknc1 ilv` hglha`ms hkm c` purhgksè kt tg` nkra`t1 kme, lm kr`ks m`kr ika`s,

jr`sg jlsg ls kvklikci`. Tltg k iltti` hr`ktlvlty, yfu hkm `mofy k vkrlè el`t. Jrults kme v`d`tkci`s kr`s`ksfmki, wglhg n`kms sfn` lt`ns nky mft c` kvklikci` kt kii tln`s. Z`d`tkrlkm Zfiumt``rs wlii gkv`

iltti` eljjlhuity hfmtlmulmd tg`lr el`ts, ks Frtgfefx Hgrlstlkms ’jkst„ cy `ktlmd k v`dkm el`t fm Tèm`sekyskme Jrlekys tgrfudgfut tg` y`kr. Z`d`tkrlkmlsn, gfw`v`r, ls mft hfnnfm, sf c` pr`pkrè tf `xpiklm yfurgkclts. N`kt ls `kt`m eurlmd sp`hlki fhhkslfms kme gfilekys, sf lt nky c` prue`mt tf elshuss yfur

v`d`tkrlkmlsn wltg gfst jknlil`s `kriy tf kvfle `nckrrksslmd fr fjj`melmd tg`n.

UrkmspfrtktlfmKii Zfiumt``rs wlii c` `xp`htè tf trkvì lm @tglfplk uslmd ifhki trkmspfrtktlfm (l.`., jfft, clhyhi`, pucilh

cus`s, kme nlmlvkms ―hkiiè ’ilm` tkxls„). Zfiumt``rs nky mft fwm fr fp`rkt` nftfrlzè v`glhi`s lm@tglfplk. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps wlii prfvle` k stlp`me jfr Zfiumt``rs wlsglmd tf purhgks` k clhyhi` kt tg`lr

slt`. Zfiumt``rs kr` r`qulrè tf kiwkys w`kr k gìn`t wgli` rlelmd k clhyhi`.

D`fdrkpgy kme Hilnkt`Nfst fj tg` hfumtry“s ikme nkss ls kcfv` 5,


18/51


wlii mft ilaìy hkii ktt`mtlfm tf umhfmv`mtlfmki styi`s. Gfw`v`r, suhg umhfmv`mtlfmki styi`s nldgt nka`@tglfplkms umhfnjfrtkci` wltg yfu. Ug` ckslh qu`stlfm Zfiumt``rs sgfuie ksa tg`nsìv`s ls lj yfu wkmt

yfur hfnnumlty tf c` pfilt` tf yfu, fr lj yfu wkmt tg`n tf c` hfnjfrtkci` wltg yfu, r`sp`ht yfu, kmetruiy khh`pt yfu.

@tglfplkms kr` hfms`rvktlv` lm prfj`sslfmki kme hksuki kttlr`. Kitgfudg yfur hfumt`rpkrts' r`sfurh`s kr`

ilnltè, tg`y wlii pr`s`mt tg`nsìv`s lm k prfj`sslfmki wky. Lm tg` wfrapikh` fr wg`m hfmeuhtlmdkhtlvltl`s lm yfur hfnnumlty, yfu wlii c` `xp`htè tf er`ss prfj`sslfmkiiy kme nklmtklm k m`ktkpp`krkmh`. N`m w`kr trfus`rs suhg ks hglmfs kme cuttfm-efwm sglrts lm wfra s`ttlmds. Okha`ts kme tl`skr` fhhkslfmki r`qulr`n`mts. O`kms, U-sglrts, kme v`ry hksuki skmekis kr` mft hfmsle`rè prfj`sslfmkikttlr`.

Tfn`m w`kr er`ss`s, salrts, fr trfus`r sults wltg tumlh styi` tfps lm cftg wfra kme i`lsur` `mvlrfmn`mts.Jfr wfn`m, pi`ks` mft` tgkt ifmd i`ddlmds fr fpkqu` tldgts sgfuie mft c` wfrm ks k jfrn fj pkmts lm kmys`ttlmd, prfj`sslfmki fr hksuki. Ugls typ` fj kttlr` ls huiturkiiy lmkpprfprlkt` kme wlii kttrkht umwkmtèktt`mtlfm. Xgfrt, ifw-hut, fr si``vì`ss dkrn`mts kr` kisf mft hfmsle`rè kpprfprlkt` jfr wfn`m lm

prfj`sslfmki s`ttlmds.

Zfiumt``rs wltg vlslci` cfey pl`rhlmds fr tkttffs nky m`è strkt`dl`s tf hfmh`ki tg`n. Lm @tglfplk, tkttffsnky c` kssfhlktè wltg hrlnlmki khtlvlty fr lmvlt` umwkmtè ktt`mtlfm. Ila`wls`, gkvlmd vlslci` cfey

pl`rhlmds nky nka` lt nfr` eljjlhuit tf lmt`drkt` lmtf yfur gfst hfnnumlty. Jfr n`m, ifmd gklr kme

umtrlnnè c`kres kr` umusuki. Lm sfn` hks`s, Zfiumt``rs gkv` hgfs`m tf sgkv` tg`lr jkhlki gklr fr huttg`lr gklr tf jkhliltkt` lmt`drktlfm kme gkv` r`drfwm gklr kjt`r dklmlmd khh`ptkmh` lm tg`lr hfnnumlty.Xfn` @tglfplkms kssfhlkt` er`keifhas fm cftg n`m kme wfn`m wltg ’Skstk huitur`„ kme hfmsle`r tg`n

lmkpprfprlkt`. A``p lm nlme tgkt R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk stkjj nky `mhfurkd` yfu tf c` ji`xlci` wltg r`dkretf p`rsfmki kpp`krkmh` tf jkhliltkt` lmt`drktlfm lm trklmlmd kme eurlmd yfur s`rvlh`. S`nklmlmd ji`xlci` ls

a`y tf R`kh` Hfrps s`rvlh` lm kmy hfumtry.

Lm jurtg`r r`dkre tf c`lmd r`sp`htjui fj huiturki trkeltlfms kme stkmekres, tg` wky lm wglhg yfu pr`s`mt

yfursìj gks hfmsle`rkci` c`krlmd fm c`lmd r`sp`htè lm yfur hfnnumlty kme wfrapikh`. Ks Zfiumt``rs

kme jfr`ldm`rs ( j`r`mol), yfu kr` futsle`rs strlvlmd tf c`hfn` pkrtlhlpktlmd n`nc`rs fj tg` ifhki huitur`,kme a``plmd yfur er`ss kme kpp`krkmh` hfmslst`mt wltg tg` rìktlvìy hfms`rvktlv` kme nfe`st huiturkihfmv`mtlfms `mkci`s yfu tf `krm p`fpi`“s r`sp`ht jkr nfr` r`keliy tgkm tf hgkii`md` wgkt tg`y hfmsle`r kskpprfprlkt` wltglm tg`lr hfmt`xt. Jfr `xknpi`, slmh` n`m w`kr trfus`rs kme hglier`m w`kr sgfrts, w`krlmd

trfus`rs wfuie c` tg` nfst huiturkiiy kpprfprlkt` hgflh` jfr n`m. Ugls ls mft surr`me`rlmd yfur p`rsfmkihgflh`s. Sktg`r, yfu kr` nkalmd k hgflh` tf r`sp`ht tg` huitur` fj wglhg yfu strlv` tf c`hfn` k pkrt, yfuwlii kvfle kmy nlshfmh`ptlfm tgkt yfu kr` nfhalmd tg` huitur`, kme yfu wlii kttrkht jkr i`ss m`dktlv` frumwkmtè ktt`mtlfm ks k r`suit.

Lj yfu hgffs` tf s`rv` ks k R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``r lm @tglfplk, yfu nust c` wliilmd tf hfnpiy wltgkhh`ptkci` @tglfplkm sfhlki mfrns fj er`ss kme drffnlmd. Ugls nky r`qulr` tgkt yfu nfeljy tg` nkmm`rfj er`ss tf wglhg yfu kr` pr`s`mtiy khhustfnè.

Huiturki Kttltue`s kme Hustfns

\fu wlii jlme tgkt yfur khh`ptkmh` lmtf tg` hfnnumlty wlii e`p`me k dr`kt e`ki fm yfur wliilmdm`ss tf`xp`rl`mh` @tglfplkm ilj`styi`s. Ug` nfst suhh`ssjui Zfiumt``rs kr` tgfs` wgf kr` wìi lmt`drktè lmtf

tg`lr hfnnumltl`s. Ug`y `kt tg` ifhki jffe, sp`ka tg` ifhki ikmdukd`(s), kme ktt`me lnpfrtkmt hfnnumltyh`r`nfml`s. Hfnnltn`mt tf yfur wfra kme `x`npikry c`gkvlfrs wlii kisf gìp yfu hfnnkme r`sp`ht kmekhh`ptkmh` jrfn tg` pucilh.


19/51


@xp`ht k sifw pkh` fj ilj`, cftg prfj`sslfmkiiy kme sfhlkiiy. Ug` p`fpi` fj @tglfplk gkv` k strfmd wfra`tglh, cut Zfiumt``rs“ hfii`htlv` fco`htlv` ls mft tf t`khg Kn`rlhkm vkiu`s fr s`ms` fj tln` tf @tglfplkms1

lt ls tf gìp @tglfplkm stue`mts kme t`khg`r hfnnumltl`s gìp tg`nsìv`s wltglm tg`lr fwm huiturkijrkn`wfra.

Lm @tglfplk, r`sp`ht t`mes tf hfn` wltg kd` kme `xp`rl`mh`, ks wìi ks wltg tg` wky yfu er`ss kme

hfnpfrt yfursìj. \fumd`r Zfiumt``rs sfn`tln`s `xp`rl`mh` lmltlki eljjlhuitl`s dklmlmd r`sp`ht jrfnsup`rvlsfrs, hfumt`rpkrts, kme kuel`mh`s. \fur prfj`sslfmki kpp`krkmh` kme wfra gkclts, kifmd wltg tg`r`sp`ht yfu e`nfmstrkt` jfr yfur @tglfplkm hfumt`rpkrts, wlii df k ifmd wky tfwkre gìplmd yfu dklmr`sp`ht lm yfur hfnnumlty kme lm tg` wfrapikh`.

Kii Zfiumt``rs gkv` tf nka` nkmy lmt`rhuiturki keoustn`mts eurlmd tg`lr s`rvlh` lm @tglfplk. Zfiumt``rs

wgf kr` fj eljj`r`mt rìldlfms fr fj k nlmfrlty `tgmlh drfup nky jlme tgkt tg`y gkv` `v`m nfr` fr i`ssjr`èfn tf "c` tg`nsìv`s" tgkm tg`y ef lm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s. Jfr `xknpi`, c`lmd km Kjrlhkm-Kn`rlhkm lm@tglfplk nky prfvle` dr`kt`r jr`èfn fr s`rv` ks k glmerkmh` e`p`melmd fm hlrhunstkmh`s, p`rsfmkilty,kme yfur kpprfkhg tf yfur s`rvlh`.

Nkmy fj tg` sfhlki mfrns, nfr`s, kme ikws fj @tglfplk eljj`r jrfn tgfs` yfu kr` khhustfnè tf ks km

Kn`rlhkm. \fur p`rsfmki skj`ty kme kclilty tf c` r`h`lvè ks k prfj`sslfmki kr` e`p`me`mt upfm c`lmdnlmejui kme r`sp`htjui fj tg` huiturki trkeltlfms kme stkmekres.

Ug` nktt`r fj s`xuki c`gkvlfr ls, fj hfurs`, k gldgiy p`rsfmki fm`. Gfw`v`r, c`hkus` fj ftg`r sfhlkilnpilhktlfms fj suhg c`gkvlfr, lt ls lnpfrtkmt tgkt R`kh` Hfrps stkmekres c` hi`kr. X`xuki nfr`s lm@tglfplk kr` v`ry hfms`rvktlv` kme strlht, kme yfu kr` `xp`htè tf r`sp`ht tg`n. Rucilh elspikys fj

rfnkmtlh kjj`htlfm c`tw``m n`nc`rs fj tg` fppfslt` s`x, suhg ks alsslmd, gkme gfielmd, fr guddlmd kr`mft d`m`rkiiy sfhlkiiy khh`ptkci`, tgfudg gkme gfielmd knfmd n`m ls v`ry hfnnfm. Jurtg`r lmjfrnktlfm

wlii c` prfvleè eurlmd yfur RXU fm kpprfprlkt` kme lmkpprfprlkt` s`xuki c`gkvlfr.

D`me`r mfrns kme rìktlfms kr` kmftg`r hgkii`md` jfr kii Zfiumt``rs, cut nfst pkrtlhuikriy jfr wfn`m.

Tfn`m lm @tglfplk hfnnfmiy jfiifw v`ry trkeltlfmki d`me`r rfi`s tgkt lmhiue` rklslmd hglier`m kme

p`rjfrnlmd efn`stlh r`spfmslcliltl`s. Ugfudg wfn`m kr` lmhr`kslmdiy `mt`rlmd tg` wfrapikh` kme prfj`sslfmki fhhupktlfms, wfn`m sfn`tln`s `xp`rl`mh` v`rcki kme pgyslhki gkrkssn`mt, lmhiuelmds`xukiiy tfuhglmd fr drkcclmd, kme Zfiumt``rs kr` mft `x`npt jrfn tgls c`gkvlfr. J`nki` Zfiumt``rsnfeì km lme`p`me`mh` tgkt sfn` n`m nky s`` ks hgkii`mdlmd tf tg`lr trkeltlfmki sfhlki efnlmkmh`. Cftg

R`kh` Hfrps stkjj kme Zfiumt``rs wfra tfd`tg`r tf gìp Zfiumt``rs ume`rstkme tg` lnpkht tgls gks fm tg`sfhlki eymknlh, kme trklmlmd ls prfvleè tf `mkci` tg`n tf wfra wltglm tg` hgkii`md`s tgls hkm pr`s`mt kmenltldkt` suhg fhhurr`mh`s.

Lm d`m`rki, tg` kcfv` dulekmh` ls n`kmt tf hfmv`y tf Zfiumt``rs tgkt keg`r`mh` tf prfj`sslfmki stkmekres

ls kpprfprlkt` kt kii tln`s kme lm kii pikh`s. Tg`m lm efuct, iffa tf yfur @tglfplkm hfumt`rpkrts jfrdulekmh`.

R`rsfmki Xkj`tyNfr` e`tkliè lmjfrnktlfm kcfut tg` R`kh` Hfrps“ kpprfkhg tf skj`ty ls hfmtklmè lm tg` Xkj`ty kme

X`hurlty s`htlfm, cut lt ls km lnpfrtkmt lssu` kme hkmmft c` fv`r`npgkslzè. Ks stktè lm tg` Zfiumt``rGkmecffa, c`hfnlmd k R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``r `mtklis h`rtklm skj`ty rlsas. Ilvlmd kme trkvìlmd lm kmumjknlilkr `mvlrfmn`mt (fjt`mtln`s kifm`), gkvlmd k ilnltè ume`rstkmelmd fj ifhki ikmdukd` kme huitur`,kme c`lmd p`rh`lvè ks wìi-fjj kr` sfn` fj tg` jkhtfrs tgkt hkm put k Zfiumt``r kt rlsa. Nkmy Zfiumt``rs`xp`rl`mh` vkrylmd e`dr``s fj umwkmtè ktt`mtlfm kme gkrkssn`mt. R`tty tg`jts kme curdikrl`s kr` mft

umhfnnfm, kme lmhle`mts fj pgyslhki kme s`xuki ksskuit ef fhhur, kitgfudg nfst @tglfplk Zfiumt``rshfnpi`t` tg`lr twf y`krs fj s`rvlh` wltgfut lmhle`mt. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps gks `stkcilsgè prfhèur`s kme


20/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;0;<

pfilhl`s e`sldmè tf gìp rèuh` tg` rlsas kme `mgkmh` yfur skj`ty kme s`hurlty. Ug`s` prfhèur s̀ kme pfilhl`s, lm keeltlfm tf skj`ty trklmlmd, wlii c` prfvleè fmh` yfu krrlv` lm @tglfplk. Pslmd tg s̀` tffis, fm`

hkm c` `npfw`rè tf tka` r`spfmslclilty jfr gls fr g`r skj`ty kme wìi-c`lmd.

@khg stkjj n`nc`r kt tg` R`kh` Hfrps ls hfnnlttè tf prfvlelmd Zfiumt``rs wltg tg` suppfrt tg`y m`è tfsuhh`ssjuiiy n``t tg` hgkii`md`s tg`y wlii jkh` tf gkv` k skj`, g`kitgy, kme prfeuhtlv` s`rvlh`. Zfiumt``rs

kme jknlil`s kr` `mhfurkdè tf iffa kt skj`ty kme s`hurlty lmjfrnktlfm fm tg` R`kh` Hfrps w`cslt` kt p`kh`hfrps.dfv/skj t̀y.

Lmjfrnktlfm fm tg`s` pkd`s dlv`s n`sskd`s fm Zfiumt``r g`kitg kme skj`ty. Ug`r` ls k s`htlfm tltiè Xkj`tykme X`hurlty lm E`ptg. Knfmd tfplhs keer`ssè kr` tg` rlsas fj s`rvlmd ks k Zfiumt``r, pfsts“ skj`tysuppfrt syst`ns, kme `n`rd`mhy pikmmlmd kme hfnnumlhktlfms.

S`wkres kme JrustrktlfmsC`jfr` khh`ptlmd tgls kssldmn`mt, yfu sgfuie dlv` knpi` tgfudgt tf sfn` fj tg` pft`mtlki fcstkhi`s yfu

wlii jkh`. Pmtli yfu keoust tf ilvlmd lm @tglfplk, yfu wlii umefuctèiy j`ì fut fj pikh` sp`kalmd k m`wikmdukd` kme trylmd tf prkhtlh` hustfns tgkt nky s``n strkmd` tf yfu. Mf nktt`r wgkt yfur `tgmlh,

rìldlfus, fr rkhlki ckhadrfume ls, yfu nky stlha fut ks sfn`fm` jrfn futsle` tg` @tglfplkm huitur`.

Gfw`v`r, nkmy sltuktlfms hkm c` fv`rhfn` wltg k s`ms` fj gunfr kme km fp`m nlme.

\fur wfra sltuktlfm wlii kisf pr`s`mt nkmy eljjlhuitl`s kme jrustrktlfms. Nfst fj yfur wfra wlii c` tfèuhkt`, nftlvkt`, kme frdkmlz` hfnnumlty drfups, fjt`m k sifw tksa. \fu wlii jlme yfursìj lm sltuktlfms

tgkt r`qulr` km kclilty tf nftlvkt` yfursìj kme yfur hfnnumlty tf tka` khtlfm wltg iltti` dulekmh` jrfnyfur hfii`kdu`s kme hfumt`rpkrts. \fu nust pfss`ss tg` sìj-hfmjle`mh`, pktl`mh`, kme vlslfm tf hfmtlmu`wfralmd tfwkre ifmd-t`rn dfkis wltgfut s``lmd lnnèlkt` r`suits fr j`èckha. Hf-wfra`rs, s`v`rìyume`rpkle kme cure`mè wltg `xt`meè jknliy hfnnltn`mts, wlii gkv` k nuhg eljj`r`mt futiffa fm ilj`tgkm yfur fwm. Sklmy kme kdrlhuiturki s`ksfms, ks wìi ks vkhktlfms kme gfilekys, wlii eìky kme tgr`kt`m

tg` ’suhh`ss„ fj nkmy prfo`ht khtlvltl`s. Ks `khg Zfiumt``r“s ofc e`shrlptlfm wlii c` umlquìy e`p`me`mtupfm tg` `xpr`ssè m`ès fj tg` hfnnumlty kme tg` saliis tgkt yfu crlmd, yfu wlii c` hfmstkmtiy e`jlmlmdkme rè`jlmlmd yfur rfi` ks yfu ktt`npt tf n``t tg` m`ès fj yfur hfnnumlty. Ugls ls cftg k dljt kme k

hgkii`md`? k dljt lm tgkt yfu kr` jr`` tf wfra lm kr`ks wg`r` yfu kr` m`èè nfst kme r`kiiy nka` keljj`r`mh` lm yfur hfnnumlty, kme k hgkii`md` lm tgkt yfu nust lmv`mt kme r`lmv`mt yfursìj lm km

fjt`mtln`s-umstruhturè wfra `mvlrfmn`mt. E`jlmlmd yfur rfi` kme jlmelmd yfur mlhg` wltglm yfurhfnnumlty wlii c` fm` fj yfur dr`kt`st hgkii`md`s. \fu nky gkv` tf r`khg c`yfme yfur kssldmèhfumt`rpkrt kme frdkmlzktlfms tf jlme p`fpi` kme fppfrtumltl`s tf c`dlm prfo`hts. Ugls ksp`ht fj yfur wfra

wlii c` eljjlhuit, cut hkm c` khgl`vè wltg tln`, p`rsfmki erlv`, r`sfurh`juim`ss, kme k ji`xlci` kme pktl`mtnlme. Kme wgf amfws, yfu nky n``t sfn` dr`kt p`fpi` lm tg` prfh`ss!

@v`m wltg tg` nkmy `hfmfnlh, sfhlki, pfiltlhki, kme `mvlrfmn`mtki hgkii`md`s jkhlmd @tglfplk tfeky,tg`r` ls km ktnfspg`r` fj `xhlt`n`mt kme gfp`. Ug` hgkmd`s fhhurrlmd lm g`kitg, `mvlrfmn`mt, èuhktlfm,

kme lmjrkstruhtur` e`vìfpn`mt kr` sfn` fj tg` nfst lnpfrtkmt lm tg` hfumtry“s nfe`rm glstfry. Uf oflmtg` p`fpi` fj @tglfplk lm tgls `jjfrt, kme tf c` pkrt fj tgls glstfrlh e`jlmlmd nfn`mt, wlii c` cftg

jkshlmktlmd kme sktlsjylmd tf Zfiumt``rs wliilmd tf wfra gkre, c` tfi`rkmt, kme dlv` d`m`rfusiy fj tg`lrtln`.

http://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safetyhttp://www.peacecorps.gov/safety


21/51


R@KH@ HFSRX USKLMLMD

Fv`rvl`w fj Rr`-X`rvlh` UrklmlmdUg` R`kh` Hfrps us`s k hfnp`t`mhy-cksè trklmlmd kpprfkhg tgrfudgfut tg` hfmtlmuun fj i`krmlmd,suppfrtlmd yfu jrfn krrlvki lm @tglfplk tf yfur e`pkrtur`. Rr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd (RXU) ls tg` jlrst `v`mtwltglm tgls hfmtlmuun fj i`krmlmd kme `msur`s tgkt yfu kr` `qulppè wltg tg` amfwièd`, saliis, kmekttltue`s tf `jj`htlvìy p`rjfrn yfur ofc. Rr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd ls hfmeuhtè lm @tglfplk cy R`kh` Hfrpsstkjj, nfst fj wgfn kr` ifhkiiy glrè trklm`rs. R`kh` Hfrps stkjj n`ksur`s yfur khgl`v`n`mt tf e`t`rnlm`

lj yfu gkv` suhh`ssjuiiy khgl`vè hfnp`t`mhl`s, lmhiuelmd ikmdukd` stkmekres, c`jfr` sw`krlmd-lm ks kR`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``r.

R`kh` Hfrps trklmlmd lmhfrpfrkt`s wleìy khh`ptè prlmhlpi`s fj keuit i`krmlmd kme ls struhturè krfumetg` `xp`rl`mtlki i`krmlmd hyhi`. Xuhh`ssjui trklmlmd r`suits lm hfnp`t`mh` lm vkrlfus t`hgmlhki, ilmdulstlh,

hrfss-huiturki, g`kitg, kme skj`ty kme s`hurlty kr`ks.

Lmt`drktlmd lmtf tg` hfnnumlty ls fm` fj tg` hfr` hfnp`t`mhl`s yfu wlii strlv` tf khgl`v` cftg lm RXU kme

eurlmd tg` jlrst s`v`rki nfmtgs fj s`rvlh`. Xuhh`ssjui sustklmkci` e`vìfpn`mt wfra ls cksè fm tg`rìktlfmsglps yfu culie cy r`sp`htjuiiy lmt`drktlmd lmtf tg` gfst hfumtry hfnnumlty kme huitur`.

\fu wlii c` pr`pkrè jfr tgls tgrfudg k gfn`stky `xp`rl`mh`, wglhg fjt`m r`qulr`s trklm``s tf ilv` wltggfst jknlil`s eurlmd RXU. Lmt`drktlfm lmtf tg` hfnnumlty jfst`rs ikmdukd` kme hrfss-huiturki i`krmlmd kme

`msur`s yfur g`kitg, skj`ty, kme s`hurlty.

U`hgmlhki UrklmlmdU`hgmlhki trklmlmd wlii pr`pkr` yfu tf wfra lm @tglfplk cy culielmd fm tg` saliis yfu kir`key gkv` kmegìplmd yfu e`vìfp m`w saliis lm k nkmm`r kpprfprlkt` tf tg` m`ès fj tg` hfumtry. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps

stkjj, @tglfplkm `xp`rts, kme hurr`mt Zfiumt``rs wlii hfmeuht tg` trklmlmd prfdrkn. Urklmlmd pikh`s dr`kt`npgksls fm i`krmlmd gfw tf trkmsj`r tg` saliis yfu gkv` tf tg` hfnnumlty lm wglhg yfu wlii s`rv` ks kZfiumt``r.

U`hgmlhki trklmlmd wlii lmhiue` s`sslfms fm tg` d`m`rki `hfmfnlh kme pfiltlhki `mvlrfmn`mt lm @tglfplk

kme strkt`dl`s jfr wfralmd wltglm suhg k jrkn`wfra. \fu wlii r`vl`w yfur prfo`ht“s dfkis kme fco`htlv`skme wlii n``t wltg tg` @tglfplkm kd`mhl`s kme frdkmlzktlfms tgkt lmvltè tg` R`kh` Hfrps tf ksslst tg`n.\fu wlii c` suppfrtè kme `vkiuktè tgrfudgfut trklmlmd tf culie tg` hfmjle`mh` kme saliis yfu m`è tfume`rtka` yfur prfo`ht khtlvltl`s, r`pfrt yfur prfdr`ss, kme s`rv` ks k prfeuhtlv` n`nc`r fj yfurhfnnumlty.

Ikmdukd` UrklmlmdKs k R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``r, yfu wlii jlme tgkt ikmdukd` saliis kr` a`y tf p`rsfmki kme prfj`sslfmkisktlsjkhtlfm eurlmd yfur s`rvlh`. Ug`s` saliis kr` hrltlhki tf yfur ofc p`rjfrnkmh`, gìp yfu lmt`drkt` lmtf

yfur hfnnumlty, kme hkm `ks` yfur p`rsfmki kekptktlfm tf tg` m`w surrfumelmds. Ug`r`jfr`, ikmdukd`trklmlmd ls kt tg` g`krt fj tg` trklmlmd prfdrkn. \fu nust suhh`ssjuiiy n``t nlmlnun ikmdukd`

r`qulr`n`mts tf hfnpi`t` trklmlmd kme c`hfn` k Zfiumt``r. @tglfplkm ikmdukd` lmstruhtfrs usukiiy t`khgjfrnki ikmdukd` hikss`s jlv` ekys k w`à lm snkii drfups. Zfiumt``rs lm @tglfplk i`krm Kngkrk, Frfnf,fr Uldrlmyk, e`p`melmd fm wglhg r`dlfm tg`y wlii c` pikhè lm.

\fur ikmdukd` trklmlmd wlii lmhfrpfrkt` k hfnnumlty-cksè kpprfkhg. Lm keeltlfm tf hikssrffn tln`, yfu

wlii c` dlv`m kssldmn`mts tf wfra fm futsle` fj tg` hikssrffn kme wltg yfur gfst jknliy. Ug` dfki ls tfd`t yfu tf k pflmt fj ckslh sfhlki hfnnumlhktlfm saliis sf yfu hkm prkhtlh` kme e`vìfp ikmdukd` saliis


22/51


jurtg`r fmh` yfu kr` kt yfur slt`. Rrlfr tf c`lmd swfrm lm ks k Zfiumt``r, yfu wlii e`vìfp strkt`dl`s tfhfmtlmu` stueylmd ikmdukd` eurlmd yfur s`rvlh`.

Hrfss-Huiturki UrklmlmdHrfss-huiturki trklmlmd wlii prfvle` fppfrtumltl`s jfr yfu tf r`ji`ht fm yfur fwm huiturki vkiu`s kme gfw

tg`y lmjiu`mh` yfur c`gkvlfr lm @tglfplk. \fu wlii kisf elshuss tg` qu`stlfms yfu gkv` kcfut tg`

c`gkvlfrs kme prkhtlh`s yfu fcs`rv` lm @tglfplk, `xpifrlmd tg` ume`riylmd r`ksfms jfr tg s̀` c`gkvlfrs kme prkhtlh`s.

Hrfss-huiturki kme hfnnumlty e`vìfpn`mt trklmlmd wlii gìp yfu lnprfv` yfur hfnnumlhktlfm saliis

kme ume`rstkme yfur rfi` ks k jkhliltktfr fj e`vìfpn`mt. Urklmlmd wlii hfv`r tfplhs suhg ks tg` hfmh`pt fjtln`, pfw`r kme gl`rkrhgy, d`me`r rfi`s, hfnnumlhktlfm styi`s, kme tg` hfmh`pt fj sìj kme rìktlfmsglps.C`hkus` keoustlmd tf k m`w huitur` hkm c` v`ry hgkii`mdlmd, yfu wlii pkrtlhlpkt` lm r`slil`mhy trklmlmdwglhg prfvle`s k jrkn`wfra kme tffis tf gìp wltg keoustn`mt lssu`s.

Ug` gfst jknliy `xp`rl`mh` prfvle`s k umlqu` hfmt`xt jfr hrfss-huiturki i`krmlmd, kme ls e`sldmè tf `ks`yfur trkmsltlfm tf ilj` kt yfur slt`. Jknlil`s df tgrfudg km frl`mtktlfm hfmeuhtè cy R`kh` Hfrps stkjj tf

`xpiklm tg` purpfs` fj RXU kme tf ksslst tg`n lm gìplmd yfu kekpt tf ilvlmd lm @tglfplk. Nkmy Zfiumt``rs

jfrn strfmd kme ikstlmd jrl`mesglps wltg tg`lr gfst jknlil`s.

G`kitg UrklmlmdEurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd, yfu wlii c` trklmè lm g`kitg pr`v`mtlfm, ckslh jlrst kle, kme tr`ktn`mt fjnèlhki liim`ss`s jfume lm @tglfplk. \fu wlii c` `xp`htè tf prkhtlh` pr`v`mtlv` g`kitg kme tf tka`

r`spfmslclilty jfr yfur fwm g`kitg cy keg`rlmd tf kii nèlhki pfilhl`s. Urklm``s kr` r`qulrè tf ktt`me kiinèlhki s`sslfms. G`kitg èuhktlfm tfplhs wlii lmhiue` mutrltlfm1 jffe kme wkt`r pr`pkrktlfm1 `nftlfmkig`kitg1 kihfgfi kwkr`m`ss1 pr`v`mtlfm fj GLZ/KLEX, s`xukiiy trkmsnlttè lmj`htlfms (XULs), kme ftg`r

hfnnfm liim`ss`s1 efn`stlh kme lmtlnkt` pkrtm`r vlfi`mh`1 `n`rd`mhl`s1 kme nèlhki pfilhl`s lm @tglfplk.

Xkj`ty kme X`hurlty UrklmlmdEurlmd tg` skj`ty kme s`hurlty trklmlmd s`sslfms, yfu wlii i`krm gfw tf kefpt k ilj`styi` tgkt rèuh`s yfur

rlsas kt gfn`, kt wfra, kme eurlmd yfur trkvìs. \fu wlii kisf i`krm kpprfprlkt`, `jj`htlv` strkt`dl`s jfrhfplmd wltg umwkmtè ktt`mtlfm, gfw tf le`mtljy skj`ty rlsas lm-hfumtry kme kcfut R`kh` Hfrps“

`n`rd`mhy r`spfms` kme suppfrt syst`ns.

Keeltlfmki Urklmlmds Eurlmd Zfiumt``r X`rvlhÙg` R`kh` Hfrps“ trklmlmd syst`n prfvle`s Zfiumt``rs wltg hfmtlmuki fppfrtumltl`s tf `xknlm` tg`lrhfnnltn`mt tf R`kh` Hfrps s`rvlh` wgli` lmhr`kslmd tg`lr t`hgmlhki kme hrfss-huiturki saliis. Eurlmds`rvlh`, tg`r` kr` usukiiy tgr`` trklmlmd `v`mts. Ug` tlti`s kme fco`htlv`s jfr tgfs` trklmlmds kr` ks jfiifws?

S`hfmm`ht? Rrfvle`s km fppfrtumlty jfr Zfiumt``rs tf updrke` tg`lr t`hgmlhki, ikmdukd`, kme

prfo`ht e`vìfpn`mt saliis wgli` sgkrlmd tg`lr `xp r̀l`mh`s kme r`kjjlrnlmd tg`lr hfnnltn`mt kjt`rgkvlmd s`rvè jfr tgr`` tf slx nfmtgs.

Nle-s`rvlh` trklmlmd (efm` lm hfmoumhtlfm wltg t`hgmlhki trklmlmd)? Ksslsts Zfiumt``rs lmr`vl`wlmd tg`lr jlrst y`kr, r`kss`sslmd tg`lr p`rsfmki kme prfo`ht fco`htlv`s, kme pikmmlmd jfr tg`lrs`hfme y`kr fj s`rvlh`.

Hifs`-fj-s`rvlh` hfmj`r`mh`? Rr`pkr`s Zfiumt``rs jfr tg`lr jutur` kjt`r R`kh` Hfrps s`rvlh` kmer`vl`ws tg`lr r`sp`htlv` prfo`hts kme p`rsfmki `xp`rl`mh`s.

Ug` munc`r, i`mdtg, kme e`sldm fj tg`s` trklmlmds kr` kekptè tf tg` m`ès kme hfmeltlfms lm @tglfplk. Ug`

a`y tf tg` trklmlmd syst`n ls tgkt trklmlmd `v`mts kr` lmt`drktè kme lmt`rrìktè, jrfn tg` pr`-e`pkrtur`


23/51


frl`mtktlfm tgrfudg tg` `me fj yfur s`rvlh`, kme kr` pikmmè, lnpi`n`mtè, kme `vkiuktè hffp`rktlvìy cy tg` trklmlmd stkjj, R`kh` Hfrps stkjj, kme Zfiumt`̀ rs.


24/51


\FPS G@KIUG HKS@ LM @UGLFRLK

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps“ gldg`st prlfrlty ls nklmtklmlmd tg` dffe g`kitg kme skj`ty fj `v`ry Zfiumt``r. R`kh`Hfrps nèlhki prfdrkns `npgkslz` tg` pr`v`mtlv`, rktg`r tgkm tg` hurktlv`, kpprfkhg tf els`ks`. R`kh`Hfrps/@tglfplk nklmtklms k hilmlh wltg k juii-tln` t`kn fj nèlhki prfj`sslfmkis wgf tka` hkr` fj

Zfiumt``rs“ prlnkry g`kitg-hkr` m`ès, lmhiuelmd `vkiuktlfm kme tr`ktn`mt fj nfst nèlhki hfmeltlfms.Keeltlfmki nèlhki s`rvlh`s kr` kisf kvklikci` lm @tglfplk kt ifhki gfspltkis. Lj yfu c`hfn` s`rlfusiy liikme hkmmft r`h`lv` tg` hkr` yfu m`è lm @tglfplk, yfu wlii c` trkmspfrtè tf k R`kh` Hfrps-kpprfvèr`dlfmki nèlhki jkhlilty. Lj tg` Fjjlh` fj G`kitg X`rvlh`s (FGX) e`t`rnlm`s tgkt tg` hkr` ls mft fptlnkijfr yfur hfmeltlfm kt tg` r`dlfmki jkhlilty, yfu wlii c` trkmspfrtè tf tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s.

G`kitg Lssu`s lm @tglfplk@tglfplk ls d`fdrkpglhkiiy elv`rs`. G`kitg rlsas lm @tglfplk lmhiue` lms`ht-cfrm` els`ks`s suhg ks nkikrlk,

tlha-cfrm` typgus, kme e`mdu` j`v`r1 jffe- kme wkt`r-cfrm` els`ks`s suhg ks lmt`stlmki wfrns, dlkrelksls,kn`clksls, typgfle j`v`r, g`pktltls K kme @, kme hgfi`rk1 kme g`pktltls C, GLZ/KLEX, pfilf, rkcl`s, kmesmka` clt`s. Ug`r` kr` kisf p`rlfelh futcr`kas fj n`mlmdfhfhhki n`mlmdltls lm sfn` kr`ks.

Xhglstfsfnlksls ls kisf v`ry hfnnfm.

Gìplmd \fu Xtky G`kitgyUg` R`kh` Hfrps wlii prfvle` yfu wltg kii tg` m`h`sskry lmfhuiktlfms, nèlhktlfms, kme lmjfrnktlfm tfstky g`kitgy. Ppfm yfur krrlvki lm @tglfplk, yfu wlii r`h`lv` k hfumtry-sp`hljlh nèlhki gkmecffa. Cy tg``me fj trklmlmd, yfu wlii r`h`lv` k nèlhki alt wltg suppil`s tf tka` hkr` fj nlie liim`ss`s kme jlrst klem`ès. Ug` hfmt`mts fj tg` alt kr` ilstè ikt`r lm tgls s`htlfm.

Eurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd, yfu wlii gkv` khh`ss tf ckslh nèlhki suppil`s tgrfudg tg` nèlhki fjjlh`r.Gfw`v`r, eurlmd tgls tln`, yfu wlii c` r`spfmslci` jfr yfur fwm suppiy fj pr`shrlptlfm eruds kme kmy

ftg`r sp`hljlh nèlhki suppil s̀ yfu r`qulr`, ks tg` R`kh` Hfrps wlii mft fre`r tg`s` lt`ns eurlmd trklmlmd.Ri`ks` crlmd k tgr``-nfmtg suppiy fj kmy pr`shrlptlfm eruds yfu us`, slmh` tg`y nky mft c` kvklikci` g`r`kme lt nky tka` s`v`rki nfmtgs jfr sglpn`mts tf krrlv`.

\fu wlii gkv` pgyslhkis kt nles`rvlh` kme kt tg` `me fj yfur s`rvlh`. Lj yfu e`vìfp k s`rlfus nèlhki

prfci`n eurlmd yfur s`rvlh`, tg` nèlhki t`kn lm @tglfplk wlii hfmsuit wltg tg` Fjjlh` fj G`kitg X`rvlh̀ slm Tksglmdtfm, E.H., fr k r`dlfmki nèlhki fjjlh`r. Lj lt ls e`t`rnlmè tgkt yfur hfmeltlfm hkmmft c`tr`ktè lm @tglfplk, yfu nky c` s`mt fut fj tg` hfumtry jfr jurtg`r ̀ vkiuktlfm kme hkr`.

Nklmtklmlmd \fur G`kitgKs k Zfiumt``r, yfu nust khh`pt hfmsle`rkci` r`spfmslclilty jfr yfur fwm g`kitg. Rrfp`r pr`hkutlfms wlii

sldmljlhkmtiy rèuh` yfur rlsa fj s`rlfus liim`ss fr lmoury. Ug` kekd` ’Km fumh` fj pr`v`mtlfm ls wfrtg k pfume fj hur`„ c`hfn`s `xtr`nìy lnpfrtkmt lm kr`ks wg r̀` elkdmfstlh kme tr k̀tn`mt jkhliltl`s kr` mft uptf tg` stkmekres fj tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s. Ug` nfst lnpfrtkmt fj yfur r`spfmslcliltl`s lm @tglfplk ls tf tka` tg`

jfiifwlmd pr`v`mtlv` n`ksur`s?

Nkmy liim`ss`s tgkt kjjilht Zfiumt``rs wfriewle` kr` pr`v`mtkci` lj prfp`r jffe kme wkt`r pr`hkutlfms kr`tka`m. Ug`s` liim`ss`s lmhiue` jffe pflsfmlmd, pkrksltlh lmj`htlfms, g`pktltls K, eys`mt`ry, Dulm`k wfrns,tkp`wfrns, kme typgfle j`v`r. \fur nèlhki fjjlh`rs wlii elshuss sp`hljlh stkmekres jfr wkt`r kme jffe

pr`pkrktlfm lm @tglfplk eurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd.

Kcstlm`mh` ls tg` nfst `jj`htlv` wky tf pr`v`mt lmj`htlfm wltg GLZ kme ftg`r XULs. \fu kr` tkalmd rlsas ljyfu hgffs` tf c` s`xukiiy khtlv`. Uf i`ss`m rlsa, us` k hfmefn `v`ry tln` yfu gkv` s`x. Tg`tg`r yfur

pkrtm`r ls k gfst hfumtry hltlz`m, k jìifw Zfiumt``r, fr kmyfm` ìs`, ef mft kssun` tgls p`rsfm ls jr`` fj


25/51


GLZ/KLEX fr ftg`r XULs. \fu wlii r`h`lv` nfr` lmjfrnktlfm jrfn tg` nèlhki fjjlh`r kcfut tglslnpfrtkmt lssu`.

Zfiumt``rs kr` `xp`htè tf keg`r` tf km `jj`htlv` n`kms fj clrtg hfmtrfi tf pr`v`mt km umpikmmè pr`dmkmhy. \fur nèlhki fjjlh`r hkm gìp yfu e`hle` fm tg` nfst kpprfprlkt` n`tgfe tf sult yfurlmelvleuki m`ès. Hfmtrkh`ptlv` n`tgfes kr` kvklikci` wltgfut hgkrd` jrfn tg` nèlhki fjjlh`r.

Lt ls hrltlhki tf yfur g`kitg tgkt yfu prfnptiy r`pfrt tf tg` nèlhki fjjlh` fr ftg`r e`sldmktè jkhlilty jfrshgèuiè lnnumlzktlfms, kme tgkt yfu i`t tg` nèlhki fjjlh`r amfw lnnèlktìy fj sldmljlhkmt liim`ss`skme lmourl`s.

Tfn`m“s G`kitg Lmjfrnktlfm Lj j`nlmlm` gydl`m` prfeuhts kr` mft kvklikci` jfr yfu tf purhgks` fm tg` ifhki nkra`t, tg` R`kh` Hfrpsnèlhki fjjlh`rs wlii prfvle` tg`n. Lj yfu r`qulr` k sp`hljlh prfeuht, pi`ks` crlmd k tgr``-nfmtg suppiywltg yfu. Nkmy j`nki` Zfiumt``rs tka` n`mstruki hups (Ug` Elvk Hup, Ug` A``p`r, Ug` Nffm Hup, `th.)

tf kvfle pft`mtlki prfci`ns wltg kvklikclilty fr elspfski fj j`nlmlm` gydl`m` prfeuhts.

Rr`dmkmhy ls tr`ktè lm tg` skn` nkmm`r ks ftg`r Zfiumt``r g`kitg hfmeltlfms tgkt r`qulr` nèlhki

ktt`mtlfm. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps ls r`spfmslci` jfr e`t`rnlmlmd tg` nèlhki rlsa kme tg` kvklikclilty fjkpprfprlkt` nèlhki hkr` lj tg` Zfiumt``r hgffs`s tf r`nklm lm-hfumtry. Dlv`m tg` hlrhunstkmh`s ume`rwglhg Zfiumt``rs ilv` kme wfra lm R`kh` Hfrps hfumtrl`s, lt ls rkr` tgkt tg` R`kh` Hfrps“ nèlhkistkmekres jfr hfmtlmuè s`rvlh` eurlmd pr`dmkmhy hkm c` n`t.

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps jfiifws tg` 32;3 P.X. Rr`v`mtlv` X`rvlh`s Uksa Jfrh` duleìlm`s jfr shr``mlmd RKRsn`krs, wglhg r`hfnn`me wfn`m kdè 3; ‘ 3< r`h`lv` shr``mlmd RKRs `v`ry tgr`` y`krs kme wfn`mkdè 82 ‘ :0 r`h`lv` shr``mlmd RKRs `v`ry jlv` y`krs. Ks suhg, nfst Zfiumt``rs wlii mft r`h`lv` k RKReurlmd tg`lr s`rvlh`, cut hkm us` R`kh` Hfrps suppilè g`kitg lmsurkmh` kjt`r s`rvlh` tf gkv` km `xkn.

\fur R`kh` Hfrps Nèlhki AltUg` R`kh` Hfrps nèlhki fjjlh`r wlii prfvle` yfu wltg k alt hfmtklmlmd ckslh lt`ns tf pr`v`mt kme tr`kt

liim`ss`s tgkt nky fhhur eurlmd s`rvlh`. Alt lt`ns hkm c` p`rlfelhkiiy r`stfhaè kt tg` nèlhki fjjlh`.

Nèlhki Alt Hfmt`mts

Jlrst Kle GkmecffaKh` ckmekd`sKh`tknlmfpg`m (Uyi`mfi)Keg`slv` tkp`

Kmtkhle tkci`tsKmtl-elkrrg`ki (Lnfelun)Kmtlclftlh flmtn`mtKmtljumdki hr`kn

Kmtlglstknlm`Kmtls`ptlh kmtlnlhrfclki salm hi`km`rCkme-Kles

Clsnutg Xucskilhyikt` (R`ptf-Clsnfi)Cutt`rjiy hifsur`sHkikdì kmtl-lthg dì

HfmefnsHfudg ifz`md`s

E`hfmd`stkmtE`mtki jifssDifv`sGyerfhfrtlsfm` hr`kn

Lcuprfj`mLms`ht r`pìi`mtLfelm` tkci`ts (jfr wkt`r purljlhktlfm)Ilp ckin

Frki r`gyerktlfm skitsXhlssfrsXfr` tgrfkt ifz`md`s

Xt`rli` `y` erfpsXt`rli` dkuz` pkesXumshr``m

Ug`rnfn t̀`r (U`np-k-efts)Uw``z`rs


26/51


C`jfr` \fu I`kv`? K Nèlhki Hg`hailstLj tg`r` gks c``m kmy hgkmd` lm yfur g`kitg ― pgyslhki, n`mtki, fr e`mtki ― slmh` yfu sucnlttè yfur`xknlmktlfm r`pfrts tf tg` R`kh` Hfrps, yfu nust lnnèlktìy mftljy tg` Fjjlh` fj G`kitg X`rvlh`s(FGX). Jkliur` tf elshifs` m`w liim`ss`s, lmourl`s, kii`rdl`s, fr pr`dmkmhy hkm `mekmd`r yfur g`kitg kmenky o`fpkrelz` yfur ìldlclilty tf s`rv`.

Lj yfur e`mtlst fr R`kh` Hfrps e`mtki hfmsuitkmt gks r`hfnn`meè tgkt yfu ume`rdf e`mtki tr`ktn`mt frr`pklr, yfu nust hfnpi`t` tgkt wfra kme nka` sur` yfur e`mtlst s`mes r`qu`stè hfmjlrnktlfm r`pfrts frW-rkys tf tg` Fjjlh` fj G`kitg X`rvlh`s.

Lj yfu wlsg tf kvfle gkvlmd eupilhkt` vkhhlmktlfms, crlmd k hfpy fj yfur lnnumlzktlfm r`hfre tf yfur pr`-e`pkrtur` frl`mtktlfm. Lj yfu purhgks` kmy lnnumlzktlfms prlfr tf R`kh` Hfrps s`rvlh` tgkt kr` mft ilstèks r`qulr`n`mt lm yfur Nèlhki Kppilhkmt Rfrtki, tg` R`kh` Hfrps hkmmft r`lncurs` yfu jfr tg` hfst. Ug`R`kh` Hfrps wlii prfvle` kii tg` lnnumlzktlfms m`h`sskry jfr yfur fv`rs`ks kssldmn`mt. Zfiumt``rs nust

c` wliilmd tf d`t kii r`qulrè vkhhlmktlfms umi`ss tg`r` ls k efhun`mtè nèlhki hfmtrklmelhktlfm. Jkliur`

tf khh`pt r`qulrè vkhhlmktlfm ls drfumes jfr kenlmlstrktlv` s`pkrktlfm jrfn tg` R`kh` Hfrps. \fu ef mftm`è tf c`dlm tkalmd nkikrlk nèlhktlfm prlfr tf e`pkrtur`.

Crlmd k tgr``-nfmtg suppiy fj kmy pr`shrlptlfm fr fv`r-tg`-hfumt`r nèlhktlfm yfu us` fm k r`duikr cksls,lmhiuelmd clrtg hfmtrfi pliis. Kitgfudg tg` R`kh` Hfrps hkmmft r`lncurs` yfu jfr tgls tgr``-nfmtg suppiy,lt wlii fre`r r`jliis eurlmd yfur s`rvlh`. Tgli` kwkltlmd sglpn`mt ― wglhg hkm tka` s`v`rki nfmtgs ― yfuwlii c` e`p`me`mt fm yfur fwm nèlhktlfm suppiy. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps wlii mft pky jfr g`rcki fr

mfmpr`shrlcè nèlhktlfms, suhg ks Xt. Ofgm“s wfrt, diuhfsknlm`, sì`mlun, fr kmtlfxlekmt suppi`n`mts. Nèlhktlfms suppilè nky c` d`m`rlh fr `qulvki`mt tf yfur hurr`mt nèlhktlfms.

\fu kr` `mhfurkdè tf crlmd hfpl`s fj nèlhki pr`shrlptlfms sldmè cy yfur pgyslhlkm. Ugls ls mft kr`qulr`n`mt, cut tg`y nldgt hfn` lm gkmey lj yfu kr` qu`stlfmè lm trkmslt kcfut hkrrylmd k tgr``-nfmtg

suppiy fj pr`shrlptlfm eruds.

Lj yfu w`kr `y`dikss`s, crlmd twf pklrs (fj tg` hurr`mt pr`shrlptlfm) wltg yfu. Lj k pklr cr`kas, tg` R`kh`

Hfrps wlii r`pikh` tg`n, uslmd tg` lmjfrnktlfm yfur efhtfr lm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s prfvleè fm tg``y`dikss`s jfrn eurlmd yfur `xknlmktlfm. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps Fjjlh` fj G`kitg X`rvlh`s strfmdiy

elshfurkd`s Zfiumt``rs jrfn w`krlmd hfmtkht i`ms`s wgli` fv`rs`ks umi`ss tg`r` ls k tru` nèlhkilmelhktlfm efhun`mtè cy yfur fpgtgkinfifdlst. Hfmtkht i`ms`s, pkrtlhuikriy `xt`meè us` sfjt hfmtkhts,kr` kssfhlktè wltg k vkrl`ty fj `y` lmj`htlfms kme ftg`r lmjiknnktfry prfci`ns. Fm` fj tg` nfst s`rlfus

fj tg`s` prfci`ns ls lmj`htlfus a`rktltls wglhg hkm i`ke tf s`v`r` hfrm`k eknkd` wglhg hfuie r`suit lm p`rnkm`mt cilmem`ss r`qulrlmd hfrm`ki trkmspikmtktlfm. Ug`s` rlsas fj p`rnkm`mt `y` eknkd` kr`

`xkh`rcktè lm tg` R`kh` Hfrps `mvlrfmn`mt wg`r` tg` Zfiumt``r“s kclilty tf prfp`riy hi`km tg` i`ms`s lshfnprfnlsè eu` tf ilnltè khh`ss tf st`rli` wkt`r ks wìi ks e`hr`ksè `jj`htlv`m`ss fj hi`kmlmdsfiutlfms eu` tf prfifmdè stfrkd` lm umsktlsjkhtfry hfmeltlfms. Lm keeltlfm, wg`m ckht`rlki `y` lmj`htlfms

fhhur, kss`ssn`mt kme tr`ktn`mt wltglm gfurs cy k hfnp`t`mt fpgtgkinfifdlst ls lmelhktè. Ugls lsvlrtukiiy lnpfsslci` lm tg` R`kh` Hfrps s`ttlmd. Lj yfu j`ì tgkt yfu slnpiy nust c` kci` tf us` yfur

hfmtkhts fhhkslfmkiiy, pi`ks` hfmsle`r uslmd slmdi` us`, ekliy elspfskci` i`ms`s wglhg ef mft r`qulr`hi`kmlmd.

Lj yfu kr` ìldlci` jfr Nèlhkr`, kr` fv`r 02 y`krs fj kd`, fr gkv` k g`kitg hfmeltlfm tgkt nky r`strlht yfurjutur` pkrtlhlpktlfm lm g`kitg-hkr` pikms, yfu nky wlsg tf hfmsuit km lmsurkmh` sp`hlkilst kcfut umlqu`hfv`rkd` m`ès c`jfr` yfur e`pkrtur`. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps wlii prfvle` kii m`h`sskry g`kitg hkr` jrfn tg`tln` yfu i`kv` jfr yfur pr`-e`pkrtur` frl`mtktlfm umtli yfu hfnpi`t` yfur s`rvlh`. Tg`m yfu jlmlsg, yfu

wlii c` `mtltiè tf tg` pfst-s`rvlh` g`kitg-hkr` c`m`jlts e`shrlcè lm tg` R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``r Gkmecffa.


27/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;03:

\fu nky wlsg tf hfmsle`r a``plmd km `xlstlmd g`kitg pikm lm `jj`ht eurlmd yfur s`rvlh` lj yfu tglma kd` fr pr`-`xlstlmd hfmeltlfms nldgt pr`v`mt yfu jrfn r`-`mrfiilmd lm yfur hurr`mt pikm wg`m yfu r`turm gfn`.


28/51


XKJ@U\ KME X@HPSLU\ LM E@RUG

@msurlmd tg` skj`ty kme s`hurlty fj Zfiumt``rs ls R`kh` Hfrps“ gldg`st prlfrlty. X`rvlmd ks k Zfiumt``rfv`rs`ks `mtklis h`rtklm skj`ty kme s`hurlty rlsas. Ilvlmd kme trkvìlmd lm km umjknlilkr `mvlrfmn`mt, kilnltè ume`rstkmelmd fj tg` ifhki ikmdukd` kme huitur`, kme tg` p`rh`ptlfm fj c`lmd k w`kitgy Kn`rlhkm

kr` sfn` fj tg` jkhtfrs tgkt hkm put k Zfiumt``r kt rlsa. Rrfp`rty tg`jt kme curdikrl`s kr` mft umhfnnfm.Lmhle`mts fj pgyslhki kme s`xuki ksskuit ef fhhur, kitgfudg nfst Zfiumt``rs hfnpi`t` tg`lr twf y`krs fjs`rvlh` wltgfut k s`rlfus skj`ty kme s`hurlty lmhle`mt. Ufd`tg`r, tg` R`kh` Hfrps kme Zfiumt``rs hkmrèuh` rlsa, cut hkmmft truiy ̀ ilnlmkt` kii rlsa.

C`yfme amfwlmd tgkt tg` R`kh` Hfrps kpprfkhg`s skj`ty kme s`hurlty ks k pkrtm`rsglp wltg yfu, lt nldgt c` gìpjui tf s`` gfw tgls pkrtm`rsglp wfras. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps gks pfilhl`s, prfhèur`s, kme trklmlmd lm pikh` tf prfnft` yfur skj`ty. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps e`p`mes fm yfu tf jfiifw tgfs` pfilhl`s kme tf put lmtf prkhtlh` wgkt yfu gkv` i`krmè. Km `xknpi` fj gfw tgls wfras lm prkhtlh ̀― lm tgls hks` tf gìp nkmkd`tg` rlsa kme lnpkht fj curdikry ― jfiifws?

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps kss`ss`s tg` s`hurlty `mvlrfmn`mt wg`r` yfu wlii ilv` kme wfra.

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps lmsp`hts tg` gfus` wg`r` yfu wlii ilv` khhfrelmd tf `stkcilsgè s`hurlty hrlt`rlk.

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps `msur`s yfu kr` wìhfnè cy gfst hfumtry hfumt`rpkrts fr ftg`r hfnnumlty

i`ke`rs lm yfur m`w hfnnumlty.

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps r`spfmes tf s`hurlty hfmh`rms tgkt yfu rkls`.

\fu ifha yfur effrs kme wlmefws.

\fu kefpt k ilj`styi` kpprfprlkt` tf tg` hfnnumlty wg`r` yfu ilv`.

\fu d`t tf amfw yfur m`ldgcfrs.

\fu e`hle` lj purhgkslmd p`rsfmki krtlhi`s lmsurkmh` ls kpprfprlkt` jfr yfu.

\fu efm“t hgkmd` r`sle`mh`s c`jfr` c`lmd kutgfrlzè cy tg` R`kh` Hfrps.

\fu hfnnumlhkt` yfur hfmh`rms tf R`kh` Hfrps stkjj.

Ugls wìhfn` cffa hfmtklms s`htlfms fm Ilvlmd Hfmeltlfms kme Zfiumt``r Ilj`styi`, R`kh` Hfrps

Urklmlmd, \fur G`kitg Hkr`, kme Xkj`ty kme X`hurlty, kii fj wglhg lmhiue` lnpfrtkmt skj`ty kme s`hurltylmjfrnktlfm tf gìp yfu ume`rstkme tgls pkrtm`rsglp. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps nka`s `v`ry `jjfrt tf dlv`Zfiumt``rs tg` trklmlmd kme tffis tg`y m`è tf jumhtlfm lm tg` skj`st wky pfsslci` kme pr`pkr` jfr tgùm`xp`htè, t`khglmd yfu tf le`mtljy, rèuh`, kme nkmkd` tg` rlsas yfu nky `mhfumt`r.

Jkhtfrs tgkt Hfmtrlcut` tf Zfiumt``r SlsaUg`r` kr` s`v`rki jkhtfrs tgkt hkm g`ldgt`m k Zfiumt``r“s rlsa, nkmy fj wglhg kr` wltglm tg` Zfiumt``r“shfmtrfi. Cy jkr tg` nfst hfnnfm hrln` tgkt Zfiumt``rs `xp`rl`mh` ls tg`jt. Ug`jts fjt`m fhhur wg`mZfiumt``rs kr` kwky jrfn tg`lr slt`s, lm hrfweè ifhktlfms (suhg ks nkra`ts fr fm pucilh trkmspfrtktlfm),

kme wg`m i`kvlmd lt`ns umktt`meè.

C`jfr` yfu e`pkrt jfr @tglfplk tg`r` kr` s`v`rki n`ksur`s yfu hkm tka` tf rèuh` yfur rlsa?

I`kv` vkiukci` fco`hts lm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s, pkrtlhuikriy tgfs` tgkt kr` lrr`pikh`kci` fr gkv`s`mtln`mtki vkiu`

I`kv` hfpl`s fj lnpfrtkmt efhun`mts kme khhfumt munc`rs wltg sfn`fm` yfu trust lm tg` Xtkt`s

Rurhgks` k glee`m nfm`y pfuhg fr ’eunny„ wkii`t ks k e`hfy

Rurhgks` p`rsfmki krtlhi`s lmsurkmh`


29/51


Kjt`r yfu krrlv` lm @tglfplk, yfu wlii r`h`lv` nfr` e`tkliè lmjfrnktlfm kcfut hfnnfm hrln`s, jkhtfrstgkt hfmtrlcut` tf Zfiumt``r rlsa, kme ifhki strkt`dl`s tf rèuh` tgkt rlsa. Jfr `xknpi`, Zfiumt``rs i`krm tf

ef tg` jfiifwlmd?

Hgffs` skj` rfut`s kme tln`s jfr trkvì, kme trkvì wltg sfn`fm` trustè cy tg` hfnnumlty

wg`m`v`r pfsslci`

Nka` sur` fm`“s p`rsfmki kpp`krkmh` ls r`sp`htjui fj ifhki hustfns

Kvfle gldg-hrln` kr`ks

Amfw tg` ifhki ikmdukd` tf d`t gìp lm km `n`rd`mhy

Nka` jrl`mes wltg ifhki p`fpi` wgf kr` r`sp`htè lm tg` hfnnumlty

C` hkr`jui kme hfmshl`mtlfus kcfut uslmd ì`htrfmlhs (pgfm`s, hkn`rks, ikptfps, lRfes, `th.) lm

pucilh fr i k̀vlmd tg`n umktt`meè

Ilnlt kihfgfi hfmsunptlfm

Ks yfu hkm s`` jrfn tgls ilst, yfu nust c` wliilmd tf wfra gkre kme kekpt yfur ilj`styi` tf nlmlnlz` tg`

pft`mtlki jfr c`lmd k tkrd`t jfr hrln`. Ks wltg kmywg`r` lm tg` wfrie, hrln` fhhurs lm @tglfplk. \fu hkmrèuh` tg` rlsas cy kvflelmd sltuktlfms tgkt pikh` yfu kt rlsa kme cy tkalmd pr`hkutlfms. Hrln` kt tg`

vliikd` fr tfwm i`vì ls i`ss jr`qu`mt tgkm lm tg` ikrd` hltl`s1 p`fpi` amfw ̀ khg ftg`r kme d`m`rkiiy kr` i`ssilaìy tf st`ki jrfn tg`lr m`ldgcfrs. Ufurlst kttrkhtlfms lm ikrd` tfwms kr` jkvfrlt` wfraslt`s jfr

plhapfha`ts.

Ug` jfiifwlmd kr` ftg`r s`hurlty hfmh`rms lm @tglfplk fj wglhg yfu sgfuie c` kwkr`?

Z`rcki kme/fr s`xuki gkrkssn`mt kme umwkmtè ktt`mtlfm

Ug`jt, plhapfha`tlmd kme ’smkthg kme rum,„ `sp`hlkiiy lm hltl`s

Urkmspfrtktlfm-rìktè khhle`mts

Tgli` wglsti`s kme v`rcki gkrkssn`mt cksè fm rkh` fr d`me`r nky c` jklriy hfnnfm fm tg` str``t, tgls c`gkvlfr nky c` rèuhè lj yfu kcle` cy ifhki huiturki mfrns, er`ss hfms`rvktlvìy, kme r`spfmekhhfrelmd tf tg` trklmlmd yfu wlii r`h`lv`.

Xtkylmd Xkj`? Efm“t C` k Ukrd`t jfr Hrln` C`hkus` nkmy Zfiumt``r slt`s kr` lm rurki, lsfiktè s`ttlmds, yfu nust c` pr`pkrè tf tka` fm k ikrdè`dr`` fj r`spfmslclilty jfr yfur fwm skj`ty. Uf rèuh` tg` ilaìlgffe tgkt yfu wlii c`hfn` k vlhtln fjhrln`, yfu hkm tka` st`ps tf nka` yfursìj i`ss fj k tkrd`t suhg ks `msurlmd yfur gfn` ls s`hur` kmee`vìfplmd rìktlfmsglps lm yfur hfnnumlty. Tgli` tg` jkhtfrs tgkt hfmtrlcut` tf yfur rlsa lm @tglfplknky c` eljj`r`mt, lm nkmy wkys yfu hkm ef wgkt yfu wfuie ef lj yfu nfvè tf k m`w hlty kmywg`r`? C`

hkutlfus, hg`ha tglmds fut, ksa qu`stlfms, i`krm kcfut yfur m`ldgcfrgffe, amfw wg`r` tg` nfr` rlsayifhktlfms kr`, us` hfnnfm s`ms`, kme c` kwkr`. \fu hkm rèuh` yfur vuim`rkclilty tf hrln` cy lmt`drktlmdlmtf yfur hfnnumlty, i`krmlmd tg` ifhki ikmdukd`, khtlmd r`spfmslciy, kme kclelmd cy R`kh` Hfrps

pfilhl`s kme prfhèur s̀. X`rvlmd skjìy kme `jj`htlv ìy lm @tglfplk wlii r`qulr` tgkt yfu khh`pt sfn`r`strlhtlfms fm yfur hurr`mt ilj`styi`.

Xuppfrt jrfn XtkjjLj k trklm`` fr Zfiumt``r ls tg` vlhtln fj k skj`ty kme s`hurlty lmhle`mt, R`kh` Hfrps stkjj ls pr`pkrè tf prfvle` suppfrt. Kii R`kh` Hfrps pfsts gkv` prfhèur`s lm pikh` tf r`spfme tf lmhle`mts fj hrln`hfnnlttè kdklmst Zfiumt``rs. Ug` jlrst prlfrlty jfr kii pfsts lm tg` kjt`rnktg fj km lmhle`mt ls tf `msur`tg` Zfiumt``r ls skj` kme r`h`lvlmd nèlhki tr`ktn`mt ks m`èè. Kjt`r kssurlmd tg` skj`ty fj tg`

Zfiumt``r, R`kh` Hfrps stkjj r`spfms` nky lmhiue` r`kss`sslmd tg` Zfiumt``r“s wfraslt` kme gfuslmdkrrkmd`n`mts kme nkalmd kmy keoustn`mts, ks m`èè. Lm sfn` hks`s, tg` mktur` fj tg` lmhle`mt nkym`h`ssltkt` k slt` fr gfuslmd trkmsj`r. R`kh` Hfrps stkjj wlii kisf suppfrt kme ksslst Zfiumt``rs wgfhgffs` tf nka` k jfrnki hfnpiklmt wltg ifhki ikw `mjfrh`n`mt. Lt ls v`ry lnpfrtkmt tgkt k Zfiumt``r


30/51

UG@ R@KH@ HFSRX | @UGLFRLK T@IHFN@ CFFA | X@RU@NC@S 32;03<

r`pfrts km lmhle`mt wg`m lt fhhurs. Ug` r`ksfms jfr tgls lmhiue` fctklmlmd nèlhki hkr` kme `nftlfmkisuppfrt, `mkcilmd R`kh` Hfrps stkjj tf kss`ss tg` sltuktlfm tf e`t`rnlm` lj tg`r` ls km fmdflmd skj`ty kme

s`hurlty hfmh`rm, prft`htlmd p``r Zfiumt``rs kme pr`s`rvlmd tg` rldgt tf jli` k hfnpiklmt. Xgfuie kZfiumt``r e`hle` ikt`r lm tg` prfh`ss tf jli` k hfnpiklmt wltg ikw `mjfrh`n`mt, tgls fptlfm nky c`hfnprfnlsè lj `vle`mh` wks mft pr`s`rvè kt tg` tln` fj tg` lmhle`mt.

Fjjlh` fj Zlhtln KevfhkhyUg` Fjjlh` fj Zlhtln Kevfhkhy (FZK) ls k r`sfurh` tf Zfiumt``rs wgf kr` vlhtlns fj hrln`, lmhiuelmds`xuki ksskuit kme stkialmd. Zlhtln kevfhkt`s kr` kvklikci` 35 gfurs k eky, s`v`m ekys k w`à tf gìpZfiumt``rs ume`rstkme tg`lr `nftlfmki, nèlhki, kme i`dki fptlfms sf tg`y nky nka` lmjfrnè e`hlslfms

tf n``t tg`lr sp`hljlh m`ès. Ug` FZK prfvle`s k hfnpksslfmkt`, hffrelmktè, kme suppfrtlv` r`spfms` tfZfiumt``rs wgf wlsg tf khh`ss R`kh` Hfrps suppfrt s`rvlh`s.

Hfmtkht lmjfrnktlfm jfr tg` Fjjlh` fj Zlhtln KevfhkhyElr`ht pgfm` munc`r? 323.:


31/51


Zfiumt``r trklmlmd wlii lmhiue` s`sslfms fm sp`hljlh skj`ty kme s`hurlty lssu`s lm @tglfplk. Ugls trklmlmd

wlii pr`pkr` yfu tf kefpt k huiturkiiy kpprfprlkt` ilj`styi` kme `x`rhls` ouedn`mt tgkt prfnft`s skj`ty kmerèuh`s rlsa lm yfur gfn`, kt wfra, kme wgli` trkvìlmd. Xkj`ty trklmlmd ls fjj`rè tgrfudgfut s`rvlh` kmels lmt`drktè lmtf tg` ikmdukd`, hrfss-huiturki ksp`hts, g`kitg, kme ftg`r hfnpfm`mts fj trklmlmd. \fu wlii

c` `xp`htè tf suhh`ssjuiiy hfnpi`t` kii trklmlmd hfnp`t`mhl`s lm k vkrl`ty fj kr`ks, lmhiuelmd skj`ty kme

s`hurlty, ks k hfmeltlfm fj s`rvlh`.

H`rtklm slt` sì`htlfm hrlt`rlk kr` usè tf e`t`rnlm` skj` gfuslmd jfr Zfiumt``rs c`jfr` tg`lr krrlvki. Ug`R`kh` Hfrps stkjj wfras hifsìy wltg gfst hfnnumltl`s kme hfumt`rpkrt kd`mhl`s tf gìp pr`pkr` tg`n jfrk Zfiumt``r“s krrlvki kme tf `stkcilsg `xp`htktlfms fj tg`lr r`sp`htlv` rfi`s lm suppfrtlmd tg` Zfiumt``r.@khg slt` ls lmsp`htè c`jfr` tg` Zfiumt``r“s krrlvki tf `msur` pikh`n`mt lm kpprfprlkt`, skj`, kme s`hur`

gfuslmd kme wfraslt`s. Xlt` sì`htlfm ls cksè, lm pkrt, fm kmy rì`vkmt slt` glstfry1 khh`ss tf nèlhki, ckmalmd, pfstki, kme ftg`r `ss`mtlki s`rvlh`s1 kvklikclilty fj hfnnumlhktlfms, trkmspfrtktlfm, kme nkra`ts1eljj`r`mt gfuslmd fptlfms kme ilvlmd krrkmd`n`mts1 kme ftg`r Zfiumt``r suppfrt m`ès.

\fu wlii kisf i`krm kcfut R`kh` Hfrps/@tglfplk“s e`tkliè `n`rd`mhy khtlfm pikm (@KR), wglhg lslnpi`n`mtè lm tg` `v`mt fj hlvli fr pfiltlhki umr`st fr k mkturki elskst`r. Tg`m yfu krrlv` kt yfur slt`,

yfu wlii hfnpi`t` kme sucnlt k slt` ifhktfr jfrn wltg yfur keer`ss, hfmtkht lmjfrnktlfm, kme k nkp tfyfur gfus`. Lj tg`r` ls k s`hurlty tgr`kt, yfu wlii dktg`r wltg ftg`r Zfiumt``rs lm @tglfplk kt

prè`t`rnlmè ifhktlfms umtli tg` sltuktlfm ls r`sfivè fr tg` R`kh` Hfrps e`hle`s tf `vkhukt`.

Jlmkiiy, lm fre`r jfr tg` R`kh` Hfrps tf c` juiiy r`spfmslv` tf tg` m`ès fj Zfiumt``rs, lt ls lnp`rktlv` tgktZfiumt``rs lnnèlktìy r`pfrt kmy skj`ty kme s`hurlty lmhle`mts tf tg` R`kh` Hfrps fjjlh`. Ug` R`kh`

Hfrps gks `stkcilsgè prftfhfis jfr keer`sslmd skj`ty kme s`hurlty lmhle`mts lm k tlnìy kmekpprfprlkt` nkmm`r, kme lt hfii`hts kme `vkiukt`s skj`ty kme s`hurlty ektk tf trkha tr`mes kme e`vìfp

strkt`dl`s tf nlmlnlz` rlsas tf hurr`mt kme jutur` Zfiumt``rs.


32/51


ELZ@SXLU\ KME LMHIPXLFM FZ@SZL@T

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps nlsslfm ls tf prfnft` wfrie p`kh` kme jrl`mesglp kme tf lnprfv` p`fpi`“s ilv`s lm tg`hfnnumltl`s wg`r` Zfiumt``rs s`rv`. Lmstltutlmd pfilhl`s kme prkhtlh`s tf suppfrt k elv`rs` kme lmhiuslv`wfra kme Zfiumt``r `mvlrfmn`mt ls `ss`mtlki tf khgl`vlmd tgls nlsslfm.

Ugrfudg lmhiuslv` r`hrultn`mt kme r`t`mtlfm fj stkjj kme Zfiumt``rs, tg` R`kh` Hfrps s`às tf r`ji`ht tg`rlhg elv`rslty fj tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s kme crlmd elv`rs` p`rsp`htlv`s kme sfiutlfms tf e`vìfpn`mt lssu`s.Keeltlfmkiiy, `msurlmd elv`rslty knfmd stkjj kme Zfiumt``rs `mrlhg`s lmt`rp`rsfmki rìktlfms kmehfnnumlhktlfms jfr tg` stkjj wfra `mvlrfmn`mt, tg` Zfiumt``r `xp`rl`mh`, kme tg` hfnnumltl`s lm wglhg

Zfiumt``rs s`rv`.

Ug` R`kh` Hfrps e`jlm`s elv`rslty ks k ’hfii`htlfm fj lmelvleuki kttrlcut`s tgkt tfd`tg`r gìp kd`mhl`s pursu` frdkmlzktlfmki fco`htlv`s `jjlhl`mtiy kme `jj`htlv ìy. Ug`s` lmhiue`, cut kr` mft ilnltè tf,hgkrkht`rlstlhs suhg ks mktlfmki frldlm, ikmdukd`, rkh`, hfifr, elskclilty, `tgmlhlty, d`me`r, kd`, rìldlfm,

s`xuki frl`mtktlfm, d`me`r le`mtlty, sfhlf`hfmfnlh stktus, v`t`rkm stktus, kme jknliy struhtur`s. Elv`rsltykisf `mhfnpkss`s eljj`r`mh`s knfmd p`fpi` hfmh`rmlmd wg`r` tg`y kr` jrfn kme wg`r` tg`y gkv` ilvè

kme tg`lr eljj`r`mh`s fj tgfudgt kme ilj` `xp`rl`mh`s.„

T` e`jlm` lmhiuslfm ks k ’huitur` tgkt hfmm`hts `khg Qstkjj n`nc`r kme Zfiumt``r^ tf tg` frdkmlzktlfm1

`mhfurkd`s hfiikcfrktlfm, ji`xlclilty, kme jklrm`ss1 kme i`v`rkd`s elv`rslty tgrfudgfut tg` frdkmlzktlfm sftgkt kii lmelvleukis kr` kci` tf pkrtlhlpkt` kme hfmtrlcut` tf tg`lr juii pft`mtlki.„ Ug` R`kh` Hfrps prfnft`s

lmhiuslfm tgrfudgfut tg` ilj`hyhi` fj Zfiumt``rs kme stkjj. Tg`m stkjj kme Zfiumt``rs kr` kci` tf sgkr`tg`lr rlhg elv`rslty lm km lmhiuslv` wfra `mvlrfmn`mt, tg` R`kh` Hfrps nlsslfm ls c`tt`r juijliiè. Nfr`lmjfrnktlfm kcfut elv`rslty kme lmhiuslfm hkm c` jfume lm tg` Zfiumt``r Gkmecffa.

Km lmhiuslv` kd`mhy ls fm` tgkt s`às lmput jrfn `v`ryfm` lm km `jjfrt tf jlme tg` c`st le`ks kme strkt`dl`s

pfsslci` tf `x`hut` lts fco h̀tlv`s. Tg`m lmput ls sfilhltè, g`kre, kme hfmsle`rè jrfn k rlhg nuitltue` fjlmelvleukis tg` c`st hfurs` fj khtlfm usukiiy `n`rd`s. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps s`às tf lnprfv` lts fp`rktlfmskme `jj`htlv`m`ss cy `msurlmd tgkt kii vflh`s kme le`ks kr` g`kre kme tgkt kii Zfiumt``rs kme stkjj j`ì

wìhfn` kme kppr`hlktè. Tg`m `khg p`rsfm“s vflh` ls g`kre, tg` kd`mhy ls strfmd`r kme tg` lnpkht fjZfiumt``rs ls str`mdtg`mè.

Elv`rslty kme Lmhiuslfm kt \fur Xlt`Fmh` Zfiumt``rs krrlv` kt tg`lr slt`s, elv`rslty kme lmhiuslfm prlmhlpi`s r`nklm tg` skn` cut tka` fm k

eljj`r`mt sgkp`, lm wglhg yfur gfst hfnnumlty nky sgkr` k hfnnfm huitur` kme yfu ― tg` Zfiumt``r ― kr` tg` futsle`r. \fu nky c` lm tg` nlmfrlty, lj mft tg` sfi` Kn`rlhkm ila` yfu, kt yfur slt`. \fu wlii

c`dlm tf mftlh` elv`rslty lm p`rsp`htlv s̀, `tgmlhlty, kd`, e`ptg fj hfmv`rsktlfm, kme e`dr`` fj suppfrt yfu

nky r`h`lv`. Jfr `xknpi`, ìe`rs, yfutg, kme nleei`-kdè lmelvleukis kii gkv` umlqu` pflmts fj vl`ws fmtfplhs yfu nky elshuss, jrfn p`rsp`htlv`s fm wfra, m`w prfo`hts, kme sfhlki `mdkd`n`mts tf tg` wky

hfnnumlty lssu`s kr` keer`ssè.

R`kh` Hfrps stkjj lm yfur gfst hfumtry r`hfdmlz` tg` keeltlfmki keoustn`mt lssu`s tgkt hfn` wltg ilvlmdkme wfralmd lm m`w `mvlrfmn`mts kme wlii prfvle` suppfrt kme dulekmh` tf Zfiumt``rs. Eurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd, k s`sslfm wlii c` gìe tf elshuss elv`rslty kme lmhiuslfm kme gfw yfu hkm s`rv` ks km kiiyjfr yfur p``rs, gfmfrlmd elv`rslty, s`àlmd lmhiuslfm, hgkii`mdlmd pròuelh` kme `xhiuslfm, ̀ xpifrlmd yfurfwm clks`s, kme i`krmlmd n`hgkmlsns tf hfp` wltg tg`s` keoustn`mt lssu`s. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps iffasjfrwkre tf gkvlmd Zfiumt``rs jrfn vkrlè ckhadrfumes tgkt lmhiue` k vkrl`ty fj rkh`s, `tgmlh drfups,

kd`s, rìldlfms, s`xuki frl`mtktlfms kme d`me`r le`mtltl`s. Ug` kd`mhy `xp`hts yfu tf wfra hfiikcfrktlvìytf hr`kt` km lmhiuslv` `mvlrfmn`mt tgkt trkmsh`mes eljj`r`mh`s kme jlmes hfnnfm drfume.


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Hrfss-Huiturki Hfmsle`rktlfmsFutsle` fj @tglfplk“s hkpltki, r`sle`mts fj rurki hfnnumltl`s nldgt gkv` gke iltti` elr`ht `xpfsur` tf ftg`rhuitur`s, rkh`s, rìldlfms, kme ilj`styi`s. Tgkt p`fpi` vl`w ks typlhki P.X. c`gkvlfr fr mfrns nky c` knlshfmh`ptlfm, suhg ks tg` cìl`j tgkt kii Kn`rlhkms kr` rlhg kme gkv` cifme gklr kme ciu` `y`s. Ug`

p`fpi` fj @tglfplk kr` amfwm jfr tg`lr d`m`rfus gfspltkilty tf jfr`ldm`rs1 gfw`v r̀, n`nc`rs fj tg`

hfnnumlty wg`r` yfu wlii ilv` nky elspiky k rkmd` fj r`khtlfms tf huiturki eljj`r`mh`s tgkt yfu pr`s`mt.

Ks k Zfiumt``r kme r`pr`s`mtktlv` fj tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s, yfu kr` r`spfmslci` mft fmiy jfr sgkrlmd tgèlv`rslty fj P.X. huitur` (tf lmhiue` yfur lmelvleuki huitur` kme tg` huitur` fj ftg`r Kn`rlhkms) wltg yfur

gfst hfumtry mktlfmki hfumt`rpkrts, cut kisf jfr i`krmlmd jrfn tg` elv`rslty fj yfur gfst hfumtry. Kmlnpfrtkmt ksp`ht fj tgls huiturki `xhgkmd` wlii c` tf e`nfmstrkt` lmhiuslv`m`ss wltglm yfur hfnnumlty lmk s`msltlv` nkmm`r. Keeltlfmkiiy, yfu wlii sgkr` tg` r`spfmslclilty fj i`krmlmd kcfut tg` elv`rslty fj yfurjìifw R`kh` Hfrps Zfiumt``rs kme `xpifrlmd gfw c`st tf r`sp`ht eljj`r`mh`s wgli` s`rvlmd ks suppfrtlv`kiil`s ks yfu df tgrfudg tgls hgkii`mdlmd m`w `xp`rl`mh`.

Uf `ks` tg` trkmsltlfm kme kekpt tf ilj` lm yfur gfst hfumtry, yfu nky m`è tf nka` sfn` t`npfrkry, y`t

jumekn`mtki, hfnprfnls`s lm gfw yfu pr`s`mt yfursìj ks km Kn`rlhkm kme ks km lmelvleuki. Jfr

`xknpi`, j`nki` trklm``s kme Zfiumt``rs nky mft c` kci` tf `x`rhls` tg` lme`p`me`mh` tg`y gkv` lm tg`Pmltè Xtkt`s1 nki` Zfiumt``rs nky c` `xp`htè tf mft p`rjfrn hgfr`s fr ftg`r tksas kshrlcè tf wfn`m1

pfiltlhki elshusslfms m`è tf c` gkmeiè wltg dr`kt hkr`1 kme sfn` fj yfur p`rsfmki cìl`js nky c`str`nklm umelshifsè. \fu wlii m`è tf e`vìfp t`hgmlqu`s kme p`rsfmki strkt`dl`s jfr hfplmd wltg tg`s`

kme ftg`r ilnltktlfms. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps stkjj wlii i`ke k elv`rslty, lmhiuslfm, kme s`msltlvlty elshusslfmeurlmd pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd kme wlii c` fm hkii tf prfvle` suppfrt. Ugls trklmlmd hfv`rs gfw tf kekpt

p`rsfmki hgflh̀ s kme c`gkvlfr tf c` r`sp`htjui fj tg` gfst hfumtry huitur`, wglhg hkm gkv` k elr`ht lnpkhtfm gfw Zfiumt``rs kr` vl`wè kme tr`ktè cy tg`lr m`w hfnnumltl`s. Ug` R`kh` Hfrps `npgkslz`s

prfj`sslfmki c`gkvlfr kme hrfss-huiturki s`msltlvlty knfmd vfiumt``rs kme wltglm tg`lr hfnnumltl`s tf

gìp lmt`drkt` kme c` suhh`ssjui eurlmd s`rvlh`.

Km le`ki wky tf vl`w tg` pursult fj hrfss-huiturki kekptktlfm kme/fr huiturki lmt`drktlfm ls tf r`hfdmlz`

tgkt `v`rytglmd efm` lm yfur gfst hfumtry gks cftg k sp`hljlh r`ksfm jfr wgy lt ls efm` kme km `xp`htèfuthfn`. Urust tgkt yfur gfst hfumtry hfumt`rpkrts kr` khtlmd wltg pfsltlv` lmt`mtlfms kme wfra tf

nutukiiy s`à ume`rstkmelmd kme hfnnfmkilty. Ikmdukd` eljj`r`mh`s nky kee k hfnnumlhktlfm ckrrl`rkme i`ke tf nlsume`rstkmelmds. Ilst`m nfr` tgkm yfu sp`ka kme s`à hikrlty. S`n`nc`r tgkt gkvlmd tg`kclilty tf ikudg kt yfursìj kme kt ilj`“s iltti` surprls`s df`s k ifmd wky― ikudgt`r ls umlv`rski.

Lj yfu le`mtljy wltg kmy ume`rr`pr`s`mtè drfup kme wfuie ila` nfr` lmjfrnktlfm fr tf c` hfmm`htè tf k

hurr`mtiy s`rvlmd Zfiumt``r jrfn tgkt drfup, pi`ks` hfmtkht tg` @tglfplk hfumtry e`sa fjjlh`r.

Tgkt Nldgt k Zfiumt``r Jkh`6

Rfsslci` D`me`r Sfi` Lssu`s

D`me`r ls k s`t fj sfhlkiiy hfmstruhtè rfi`s, r`spfmslcliltl`s, c`gkvlfrs, kme fppfrtumltl`s. D`me`r eljj`rsjrfn s`x, wglhg r`j`rs sp`hljlhkiiy tf clfifdlhki kme pgyslfifdlhki hgkrkht`rlstlhs fj nki`s kme j`nki`s.D`me`r rfi`s kme `xp`htktlfms kr` i`krmè, hgkmd` fv`r tln`, kme vkry wltglm kme knfmd huitur`s.

Zfiumt``rs kr` trklmè lm d`me`r kwkr`m`ss ks tg`y kpprfkhg tg`lr wfra lm tg` gfst hfumtry. D`me`r rfi`slm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s nky eljj`r dr`ktiy jrfn tgfs` lm yfur hfumtry fj s`rvlh`. Lt ls lnpfrtkmt tf kcsfrc kmetf ktt`npt tf ume`rstkme tg` huiturki mukmh`s fj d`me`r wg`r` yfu kr`. Jfr `xknpi`, lm nkmy huitur`s

nki`s kr` gìe lm gldg`r r`dkre tgkm j`nki`s kme j`nki`s nky nkmkd` tg` gfus`gfies. Lm sfn` pikh`s,j`nki`s kr` `mhfurkdè tf ktt`me shgffi, wgli` lm ftg`r hfumtrl`s j`nki`s kr` elshfurkdè jrfn `mdkdlmd

lm suhg khtlvltl`s kme lmst`ke wfra lmsle` fr futsle` fj tg` gfn`.


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Eurlmd tg` pr`-s`rvlh` trklmlmd, trklm``s r`h`lv` km lmtrfeuhtlfm tf d`me`r kwkr`m`ss lm tg`lr hfumtry fj

s`rvlh`, kme `xknlm` tg`lr fwm tglmalmd kcfut d`me`r rfi`s kme gfw tgls tglmalmd gks lnpkhtè tg`n.Ug`y tg`m i`krm gfw tf kmkiyz` e`vìfpn`mt prfo`hts uslmd k d`me`r i`ms tf c`tt`r ume`rstkme d`me`rrfi`s lm tg`lr gfst hfumtry kme tf ume`rstkme gfw tg`s` d`me`r rfi`s hkm c`m`jlt fr ilnlt wgkt j`nki`s kmenki`s nky fr nky mft ef. Eurlmd tg`lr 34 nfmtgs fj s`rvlh`, Zfiumt``rs wlii jurtg`r `mdkd` lm d`me`r

trklmlmds tf ume`rstkme c`tt`r gfw tg`lr d`me`r le`mtlty lnpkhts wgf tg`y kr` ks j`nki`s fr nki`s lm tg`gfst hfumtry kme gfw tgls p`rh`ptlfm lmjiu`mh`s tg`lr wfra kme rìktlfmsglps.

Hfnn`mt jrfn k J`nki` RHZ

’C`lmd j`nki` lm @tglfplk lsm“t `ksy, fj hfurs`, cut hfn`s wltg lts fwm umlqu` s`t fj r`wkres, tff. \funky struddi` wltg gkrkssn`mt yfursìj, kme yfu“ii gkv` tf nka` hgkmd`s tf yfur gkclts suhg ks tg` wky

yfu er`ss fr wgkt tln` yfu hfn` gfn` kt mldgt. \fu wlii kisf j`ì tg` pklm fj `npktgy, amfwlmd tgktyfur wfn`m jrl`mes g`r` jkh` elshrlnlmktlfm, els`npfw`rn`mt, rkp` fr kcus`, kme d`mltki nutliktlfm. Cutyfu wlii kisf c` lm k sp`hlki pfsltlfm tf c`jrl`me tg`s` wfn`m, g`kr tg`lr stfrl`s, kme wkia c`sle` tg`n lmtg`lr pursult fj `qukilty. Nkmy fj us wfuie sky tgkt sfn` fj fur nfst r`wkrelmd nfn`mts lm s`rvlh` gkv`

c``m sgkrè wltg wfn`m kme dlris, ofyjuiiy jlmelmd tg`lr fwm vflh` kme str`mdtg.„

Rfsslci` Lssu`s jfr Zfiumt``rs fj HfifrZfiumt``rs fj hfifr sfn`tln`s, cut mft kiwkys, gkv` k eljj`r`mt R`kh` Hfrps `xp`rl`mh` tgkm wglt`Zfiumt``rs. C`hkus` fj ilnltè `xpfsur`, sfn` jfr`ldm mktlfmkis wlii `xp`ht tf s`` P.X. hltlz`ms wgf kr`

wglt`. Huitur`s fj tg` wfrie ef mft typlhkiiy `mvlslfm tg` Xtkt`s ks k pikh` fj rlhg elv`rslty wltg vkrlfushuiturkiiy khh`ptkci` p`rsp`htlv`s, p`rsfmkiltl`s, kme hgkrkht`rlstlhs. Ugus, k Zfiumt``r fj hfifr nky c`qu`stlfmè ks kcfut tg`lr P.X. hltlz`msglp.

Lm pikh`s wg`r` Kn`rlhkm st`r`ftyp`s kme/fr hkst` syst`n eymknlhs lmjiu`mh` p`rh`ptlfm, Zfiumt``rs fj

hfifr sgfuie c` nlmejui fj tg` r`ksfms jfr tg`s` vl`ws wltgfut hr`ktlmd hfmt`mtlfus `mvlrfmn`mts. Kii tfffjt`m, gfst hfumtry mktlfmkis kr` slnpiy umkwkr` fj tg` elv`rslty fj tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s kme r`qulr`keeltlfmki lmjfrnktlfm kme elkifdu`. Elr`ht lmt`rkhtlfms wltg sfn`fm` m`w fr sfn`tglmd eljj`r`mt hkm

tka` tln` tf d`t usè tf, cut tgfs` wgf tka` tg` tln` t`me tf c` c`tt`r fjj. Kitgfudg gfst hfumtry mktlfmkis

nky kss`rt tgkt tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s ls nke` up fj prèfnlmktìy fm` rkh`, w` amfw tgkt ls mft tru`. Lj kn`nc`r fj yfur hfnnumlty amfws fj hfnpktrlfts ilvlmd lm tg` Pmltè Xtkt`s fr fj mftkci` P.X. hltlz`msfj hfifr, yfu hkm culie fm tgls amfwièd` ks k pflmt fj r`j`r`mh` jfr elshusslmd elv`rslty wltglm tg` P.X.

Ug`s` lmstkmh`s hkm c` turmè lmtf t`khgkci` nfn`mts jfr tg` Zfiumt``r kme tg` gfst hfumtry mktlfmki, lmwglhg tg` Zfiumt``r hkm ksa qu`stlfms surrfumelmd p`rh`ptlfm kme hfiikcfrkt` wltg r`sp`ht tf lssu`s kme

prfo`hts kt gkme, wgli` `mdkdlmd lm hrfss-huiturki `xhgkmd`s. Kii Zfiumt`̀ rs, tf lmhiue` wglt` Zfiumt`̀ rskme tgfs` fj hfifr, sgfuie c` nlmejui fj tg` lssu`s fj rkh` tgkt kr` `ncèeè lm P.X. huitur` kme wltglmtg` huitur` lm yfur hfumtry fj s`rvlh`. Ug`s` lssu`s nky sldmljlhkmtiy kjj`ht gfw Zfiumt``rs lmt`rkht wltg

jìifw Zfiumt``rs kme gfst hfumtry mktlfmkis. C`lmd fp`m kme lmhiuslv` tf `v`ryfm` wlii lnprfv` yfur`xp`rl`mh` lm lmt`rkhtlmd wltg jìifw Zfiumt``rs kme n`nc`rs fj yfur gfst hfnnumlty.

Jfr Zfiumt``rs fj hfifr, tg` rkmd` fj r`spfms`s tf tg`lr salm hfifr nky vkry jrfn tg` `xtr`nìy alme tftg` v`ry lms`msltlv`. Lm Kjrlhkm hfumtrl`s, gfst hfumtry mktlfmkis nky sky ’wìhfn` gfn`„ tf KjrlhkmKn`r lhkms. Xfn`tln`s Zfiumt``rs `xp`ht tf c` ’wìhfnè gfn`„ cut kr` elskppflmtè wg`m tg`y kr`mft. Nfr` hfnnfmiy, lj k Zfiumt``r ls nlstka`m jfr k gfst-hfumtry mktlfmki hltlz`m, g` fr sg` ls `xp`htè

tf c`gkv` ks k nki` fr j`nki` lm tgkt huitur` c`gkv`s, kme tf sp`ka tg` ifhki ikmdukd` jiu`mtiy. Gfsthfumtry mktlfmkis kr` sfn`tln`s jrustrktè wg`m tg` Zfiumt``r ef`s mft sp`ka tg` ifhki ikmdukd` wltg`ks`. Hfmv`rsìy, sfn` lm tg` skn` hfumtry nky hkii yfu k ’sìi fut„ c`hkus` tg`y j`ì tg` Pmltè Xtkt`sgks mft efm` `mfudg tf gìp wltg sfhlki lssu`s.


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Lm @tglfplk, gfst hfumtry mktlfmkis nky p`rh`lv` Zfiumt``rs fj hfifr ks cìfmdlmd tf eljj`r`mt `tgmlh kmerkhlki drfups kme nlsle`mtljy tg`lr ckhadrfume? Kjrlhkm-Kn`rlhkms nky c` p`rh`lvè ks gfst hfumtry

mktlfmkis1 Glspkmlh/Iktlmfs nky c` p`rh`lvè ks c`lmd wglt` fr Kjrlhkm-Kn`rlhkm1 Kslkm-Kn`rlhkms nky c` p`rh`lvè ks Hglm`s`, wltg iltti` amfwièd` fj ftg`r Kslkm `tgmlhltl`s. Zfiumt``rs nky c` tg` tkrd`t fjrkh`-cksè str``t gkrkssn`mt, lmhiuelmd c`lmd nfhaè jfr c`lmd ’Hglm`s`„ fr gkvlmd tg` Hglm`sìkmdukd` nfhaè ―`v`m lj tg` Zfiumt``r lsm“t `tgmlhkiiy Hglm`s`.

Hfnn`mt jrfn km Kjrlhkm-Kn`rlhkm Zfiumt``r

’Ks k cikha RHZ, nkmy ifhkis usukiiy p`rh`lv` n` ks km Kjrlhkm. L kn k e`sh`mekmt fj T`st Kjrlhkmswgf w`r` sfie lmtf sikv`ry, kme L kn mft ksgknè fj lt. Gfw`v`r, wg`m sfn` strkmd`r fm tg` str``t

c`dlms sgfutlmd ‗Kjrlhkm“ fr ‗A`mykm“ fr ‗Mld`rlkm“ kt n`, L ef mft j`ì k s`ms` fj cìfmdlmd. Ug` wfreskr` skle lm k tfm` tgkt ls hfme`sh`melmd kme jfrcleelmd. Kme tg`m, tg`r` kr` tln`s wg`m k strkmd`r wlii sky

sfn`tglmd tgkt nka`s n` j`ì ila` i`ss fj km futsle`r kme nfr` ila` sfn`fm` wgf sgkr`s k hfnnfmkmh`strki cfme. L r`kilz` mfw nfr` tgkm `v`r c`jfr` tgkt Nftg`r Kjrlhk ef`s mft hfmslst fj cikha p`fpi`wgf kutfnktlhkiiy rìkt` tf fm` kmftg`r ks crftg`rs kme slst`rs n`rìy c`hkus` fj tg` hfifr fj tg`lr salm.Cikha Kn`rlhkms nky gkv` slnlikr pr`hfmh`lvè mftlfms tgkt tg`y sgfuie e`jlmltìy ìlnlmkt` c`jfr` tg`y

krrlv` lm @tglfplk. Ug`r`“s mf tìilmd gfw yfu wlii c` p`rh`lvè fr tr`ktè umtli yfu“r` lm tg` tglha fj lt.„

Hfnn`mt jrfn k Glspkmlh/Iktlm-Kn`rlhkm Zfiumt``r’C`lmd k N`xlhkm-Kn`rlhkm RHZ lm @tglfplk ls v`ry nuhg ila` c`lmd fm` ckha gfn`. \fu hkm“t wkiaefwm tg` str``t wltgfut skylmd ‗Gl“ tf sfn`fm` kme tg` dr``tlmds kr` qult` ifmd `v`m tgfudg yfu oust skw

tgkt p`rsfm tg` eky c`jfr`. Xfn` fj tg` hustfns tgkt yfu s`` lm @tglfplk kr` v`ry slnlikr tf N`xlhkmhustfns, jfr `xknpi`, lt ls lnpfilt` tf stkrt k hfmv`rsktlfm fr ksa jfr sfn`tglmd wltgfut jlrst lmqulrlmdkcfut gfw tg` p`rsfm ls eflmd. Kisf, e`hilmlmd km lmvltktlfm hkm tka` up tf tgr`` tf jlv` trl`s kme yfu gkv`

tf ksa jfr k rklmhg`ha rktg`r tgkm oust skylmd mf jikt fut. @tglfplk gks c``m k gfn` kwky jrfn gfn` lmnkmy wkys. Ug` @tglfplkm p`fpi` v`ry `ksliy fp`m tg`lr gfn`s kme tg`lr g`krts tf k m`w strkmd`r,

`sp`hlkiiy wg`m skle strkmd`r hfn`s kjrkle kme wltgfut k jknliy. Kme oust ila` kmy N`xlhkm jknliy, tg`ywlii put yfu fm tg` spft wltg wgkt yfu nldgt tglma kr` `nckrrksslmd qu`stlfms kme hfnn`mts kme tg`ywlii wkmt tf amfw `v`rytglmd tg`r` ls tf amfw kcfut yfu. Xf lm sgfrt, oust lnkdlm` dflmd tf vlslt yfur

eke“s s`hfme hfuslm jfr k jknliy vkhktlfm kjt`r mft s``lmd tg`n jfr k ifmd tln` ? @mofy tg` ikudgs, efm“t

tka` kmytglmd tff p`rsfmkiiy, kme nka` dr`kt n`nfrl`s tf ikudg kt ikt`r.„

Hfnn`mt jrfn km Kslkm-Kn`rlhkm Rkhljlh Lsikme`r Zfiumt``r

’Ks km Kslkm-Kn`rlhkm Zfiumt``r lm @tglfplk, L gkv` c``m hfmjrfmtè wltg nfr` fv`rt rkhlsn tgkm L“v`

`v`r jkhè c`jfr`. L kn fjt`m ouedè fm tg` wky L iffa kme gkv` jìt pròuelh` kdklmst n` c`hkus` fj lt. Ltgks nke` n` r`-`xknlm` ny le`mtlty kme lts `jj`hts fm ny ekliy ilj`.„

Rfsslci` Lssu`s jfr I`sclkm, Dky, Cls`xuki, Urkmsd`me`r, [u`stlfmlmd/[u``r, Kiiy (IDCU[K)

Zfiumt``rs

Jfr IDCU[ Zfiumt``rs? @tglfplk gks r`strlhtlv` ikws tgkt tkrd`t h`rtklm s`xuki khts. Hfms`msuki skn`-s`xs`xuki khtlvlty c`tw``m keuits ls hrlnlmkilzè kme pumlsgkci` cy lnprlsfmn`mt. R`rsfms ef mft le`mtljytg`nsìv`s ks IDCU[ eu` tf s`v`r` sfhl`tki stldnk. Zfiumt``rs wlii m`è tf c` nlmejui fj huiturki mfrns

kme hfumtry-sp`hljlh ikws. Xt

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