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Use of Apros dynamic simulation tool in WPPMI

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Contents

Applicability of Apros use in WPPMI Background

What is Apros Key features of Apros Use in WPBOP

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Applicability of Apros use in WPPMI

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Apros potential roles in WPPMI

Plant Design Optimisation Studies Evaluating and optimization of circulating electrical power and

trade-off in different operational scenarios and design configurations require a dynamic tool capable of simulating processes, automation and electrical systems

Apros is capable of simulating the behavior of the complete power plant including the process, automation and both AC and DC electrical systems. The balance of electrical supply and consumption and transients affecting BoP and electrical systems can be accounted for.

Indirectly proven e.g in Loviisa NPP (Finland) training simulator

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Apros potential roles in WPPMI

System Level Analysis & Plant Engineering Studies Global thermo-hydraulic assessment for the different operating

states are needed. One aspect is to simulate different operating schemes individually,

this can be done with steady-state analysis programs or programs with modest dynamic functionality

A more difficult aspect is to simulate the transfer from one state to another. This implies a need for modelling the major process systems, usually some auxiliary process systems and most importantly control systems. In other words a plant engineering simulator is needed

The capability of Apros has been proven in nuclear and conventional power plant engineering and training simulator applications.

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Present status of Apros fusion simulation

Initial Apros models for BoP studies have been developed during 2014. These models can be developed further for PMI studies.

Apros is continuously developing, e.g. library modules for modelling breeder blanket units are planned to be implemented in 2015

Visit to ITER IO agreed in December to scope for possibilities for use of Apros in ITER

What is Apros

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Apros - Advanced Process Simulator

Apros is a modeling and simulation software for one-dimensional, dynamic modeling of different kinds of industrial fluid flow processes including automation and electric systems

Developed since 1986 by Fortum and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

Apros models are made by drawing diagrams and filling in component data sheets

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Apros compared to other similar software

Apros combines the accuracy of best estimate analysis codes with the comprehensiveness and speed of full scope training simulators

Apros is used in 27 countries, over 500 installations

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Safety analysisEngineering simulator, safety critical applications

Execute experiments that you would never do on a real plant.

Benefits • convince the authorities• avoid overkill solutions, optimize • reduce risks in both investment project and operation

Performance analysisEngineering simulator

Execute experiments well before the commissioning. Benefits• optimize the dimensioning of large process components • check and pre-tune the controls• validate the input data for the suppliers of all systems• involve plant personnel early in the project

Automation testingTesting simulator Connect the automation application to the model for functional testing. Benefits• test the automation with a realistic process response, including

sequences, group starts etc.• include scenarios that cannot be executed on the plant• find the flaws that you would otherwise find on site• rehearse the commissioning and start-up together with the

plant personnel

Operator trainingTraining simulator

Use a simulation model in hands-on training or self-study. Benefits• ensure the competence of the plant personnel • test the competence in disturbance and accident scenarios• use the training simulator as an engineering simulator for plant

modifications

Typical uses of Apros

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Nuclear references

China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., China Engineering simulator several NPP units. Apros in use since

2004.

Forsmarks Kraftgrupp Ab, Sweden Engineering simulator for all three Forsmark units. In

addition, transient and safety analysis for unit 2. Apros in use since 2007.

Gen-Energija d.o.o., Slovenia Engineering and analysis simulator for Krsko NPP. Apros in

use since 2012.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Engineering simulators and plant analyzers for nuclear

power and desalination plant use. Apros deliveries to several countries since 2002.

Japan Nuclear Safety Authority, Japan Engineering simulator for safety assessment support and

training. Apros in use since 2013.

Kola NPP, Russia Engineering simulator for safety assessment support and

training. Apros in use since 1995.

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Nuclear references

OECD Halden Reactor Project, Norway Full scope BWR (Forsmark 3) model for HAMMLAB 2000

NPP Man Machine Laboratory. Apros in use since 1998

Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO), Finland Engineering simulator for Westinghouse BWR type units

1/2, and Areva EPR type unit 3. Apros in use since 1993.

STUK, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland

Plant Analyser for safety analysis and personnel training. Apros in use since 2001.

Fortum Power and Heat Oy, Finland Engineering and plant analyzers for Loviisa NPP units 1

and 2. Apros in use since 1990.

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Analysis studies of TVO OL3 for the Finnish regulator

STUK since 2004.

For more information kindly visit www.apros.fi

Key features of Apros

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Model hierarchyUser manages the Model with: Diagrams

APROS automatically generates (User seldom touches):Calculation level

Elementarycomponents

branches,nodes,structures,sources

User builds the Model: Process component level

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Thermal hydraulic flow models and fluids

Flow models Three two-phase flow models

6-equation model 5-equation model Homogeneous (3-eq) model

One-phase flow models

All models are one dimensional.

Different models can be interconnected in the same simulation model

Fluids

Most commonly used fluid is water-steam (-boron) (WS/WSB) Noncondensable gases in 6-equation model

Other fluids are available in the homogeneous model are e.g. Air, Oil, Natural gas, FC and FG containing typical fuel and flue gas elementary substances

Osa 7: Luento 7.7, Sixten Norrman, VTT, 26.11.2013

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Preparedness for GenIV plant simulations

• Supercritical pressure calculation• Pseudocritical enthlpy interface

• Molten metal coolants− Na + Ar− LBE + Ar

• Multigroup neutronics model being developed

Osa 7: Luento 7.7, Sixten Norrman, VTT, 26.11.2013

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Automation system modelling

Automation system modelling needed in engineering and plant simulators

Subsystems of automation Control (analog modules) and logical circuits (binary modules) Measurement modules (interface from process) Actuator modules (interface to process)

Automation functionality is modelled with Modules describing function blocks (e.g. adder, 1st order filter,

AND, ..) Signals transferring information from a module to another

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Options to simulate the automation system

Modelling both process and automation in Apros

Connecting Apros process model with external automation system

Different hybrid solutions are often needed too

AprosDCS, PLC, etc.

PID

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Automation system model, example

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Targets of the electrical system modelling

Model and simulate voltages, currents and frequency in the electrical network At the plant

Outside the plant

Study the impact of possible power failures on the process behaviour

Study the adequacy of electrical power supply in certain process transients

The electrical network is presented with a 1-phase equivalent circuit, solution based on Kirchoff’s and Ohm’s law

Apros provides capabilities both for AC and DC modelling

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Electrical system example

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Neutronics models in Apros

Point kinetics (only when specially required) One-dimensional model Three-dimensional model

Finite Difference model in standard use since early 1990’s More accurate Nodal model in use expected since 2013

Multigroup model for GEN-IV applications being developed

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Apros strengths: flexibility and connectivity

External models Enables user to create own models and functions to be dynamically linked (*.dll)

with Apros Flexible model development in C or Fortran No source code needed for execution

Algorithms are hidden from the end user

OPC = “open connectivity via open standards” The Interoperability Standard for Industrial Automation & Other Related

DomainsUser components

The user can build new reusable components out of basic module types, assign a symbol to the user component, save it and use instances of it

Configuration changes to the user component master module is reflected to all instances

Typical applications:• Unit process models• Automation algorithms• Material properties• Communication to other

software

Use in WPBOP

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WBOP

PHTS & BOP Systems Project

Apros role in the EFDA DEMO-project

PPP&T

Department

ITER Physics

Department

JET

Department

PHTS & BOP = Primary Heat Transfer & Balance of Plant

Courtesy: EFDA

1.0

Project Management

1.1

Project Planning

1.2

Project Control

2.0

PHTS & BOP

System Engineering

2.1

PHTS & BOP Sys.

Requirements

2.2

PHTS & BOP Sys.

Description

2.3

PHTS & BOP Sys.

Analysis

2.4

PHTS & BOP Sys.

Design Integration

3.0

PHTS & BOP

Modelling - Analysis

3.1

Concept Design

3.2

Feasibility / Performance

3.3

Hx Technology

4.0

Li-Pb Hx & Fluid Technology

4.1

Li-Pb Hx

Design & Analysis

4.2

Li-Pb Hx Mock-up Procurement

4.3

Li-Pb Hx Mock-up Testing & Analysis

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Use in WP BOP-3.1

Apros is used by VTT and CCFE (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy) preliminary for the period 2014 - 2018

For year 2014 the allocated funding is modest, 0.3 ppy for VTT and CCFE each

Deliverables 2014: Report on thermodynamic modelling activities with APROS code

for both Helium and Water as primary coolants

“A Model of the PHTS and BOP shall be created initially with APROS code starting from the available input and taking into account at least Helium and Water as primary coolants”

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Scope of Work

Produce fully transient thermodynamic models for the primary heat transfer system, energy storage, and balance of plant systems, for both water-cooled and helium-cooled DEMO concepts

Use thermodynamic models to identify and assess areas most affected by pulsed operation (rapid and/or frequent temperature/pressure transients etc.)

Assess feasibility of different operating regimes and control strategies for transition between pulse and dwell

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Helium loop, primary side

Two outboard loops (A and B), two inboard loops (C and D) Hot leg temperature 500 C Cold leg temperature after circulator 300 C, cold leg temperature

before circulator 289 C Hot let pressure 80 bar, estimated total pressure loss 4 bar (3 bar in

blanket area, 1 bar in loop area including SGs) Power to primary coolant from Breeding blanket 1835 MW Total loop mass flow 1771 kg/s Power to transfer to intermediate loop 1934 MW (including heat from

circulators)

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Apros Helium model, loop A (loop B identical)

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Intermediate loop

Molten salt as coolant in the intermediate loop Two storage tanks, cold and hot tanks Cold to hot flow:

During power operation100 % flow During dwell time a small flow in order to remove decay heat

Hot to cold flow: About 80 % constant flow all the time (balancing the tank inventories

assuming a cycle of 2 h power operation and 0.5 h of dwell time)

The same concept as used by KIT

Two consecutive counter-current heat exchangers are assumed for heat transfer between primary and intermediate sides

A 20 degree difference is assumed at the inlet and outlet sides Molten salt outlet temperature 480 C Molten salt inlet temperature 270 C

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Intermediate loop, storage tanks

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Intermediate loop, turbine plant heat exchangers

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Turbine plant

Three consecutive counter-current heat exchangers are assumed for heat transfer between intermediate and water/steam sides and additionally one reheater

One HP turbine section, one LP turbine sections One steam extractions for feed water heating Additional feed water heating:

From the vessel water cooling circuit, 35 MW From the divertor helium cooling circuit, 149 MW

Controls Steam line pressure control Condenser and condensing heat exchanger level control Molten salt return line temperature control

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Apros Helium model, turbine plant

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To be done: a more accurate model of the first wall and blanket heat structures with integration to cooling ducts

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