urie bronfenbrenner 1917-2005 ecological systems … bronfenbrenner.pdfurie bronfenbrenner 1917-2005...
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
1917-2005
Ecological Systems
Theory
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Human development occurs in context
-- It is both influenced by it and
influences it in a bi-directional way, in
a hierarchical way.
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According to this model, the child does
not enter the world as a blank slate,
but is equipped with a rich
evolutionary heritage.
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The contexts of human development
are varied: The culture in which a
child is born, the particular period in
history, the subculture and
community, the child's family, the
immediate surroundings.
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Humans:
seek social stimuli,
attend to human speech,
form attachment patterns to caregivers,
have a facility for learning a language,
and have an interest in explaining and
mastering the world around them.
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Development in context.
The model is depicted in
concentric rings, or nested structures, each one
influencing those inside it.
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Microsystem
Activities and relationships and interaction patterns in the child’s immediate surroundings.
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Mesosystem
This system provides the
connection between the structure
of the child’s microsystem. I.e.
home, school, neighborhood, day
care center.
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Exosystem
Social settings that do not contain
children but nevertheless affect their
experience in immediate settings. For
example, parent’s workplace,
extended family, and friends .
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Macrosystem
It is not a specific context, but consists in the values, laws, customs, and resources of a particular culture.
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Chronosystem
This system encompasses the dimension
of time as it relates to the Child’s
environment.