tips - massachusetts institute of technology da vinci structures alcohol processes ... “unless we...

Prof. Dava J. Newman

Enhancing Creativity ThroughEnhancing Creativity Through……BrainstormingBrainstormingSix HatsSix HatsMind MappingMind Mapping(TRIZ)(TRIZ)

Prof. Dava NewmanProf. Dava NewmanThanks to Prof.Thanks to Prof. Oli DeWeckOli DeWeck

15 Oct 0415 Oct 04MITMIT

TIPS Have fun.

Material taken from The Mind Map® Book

Buzan, T., PLUME, © 1996.

Prof. Dava Newman, ESD.801, Leadership Development

Martian PerspectiveMartian Perspective•• We are Martians from a billion-year-old civilizationWe are Martians from a billion-year-old civilization

• We studied Earthlings intensively and found that they have a staggeringly complex cortex, with a wide range of advanced mental skills, an infinite associative capacity, a virtually limitless storage capacity, and a similarly limitless ability to generate new ideas and associations. In addition, these Earthlings have a magnificently complex and physical body to support and transport this intelligence, the psychological ability to enhance their own skills, and an inbuilt curiosity that drives them to explore all aspects of the universe.

• We next observed that, in attempting to gain access to their vast mental capabilities, the members of this race are squeezing their intelligences out only through the incredibly narrow and restrictive channel of language. As a result, many of them experience actual nausea at the mere prospect of learning, and in the millions of learning institutions dotted around the planet most of the students are either sleeping or trying to get out!

• Moved by this tragicomic situation, we decided to give you humans a set of Mind Mapping laws to help you release your incredible capabilities. These laws must be valid from any academic perspective to which you humans may choose to apply them – semantics, neurophysiology, information processing theory, cortical hemisphere theory, physics, psychology, philosophy, memory research or learning theory.

• No problem, on to Creativity! (Reference: Buzan, pg. 92)

1



Why Creativity?Why Creativity?

•• Imaginative skills lie dormant in 95%Imaginative skills lie dormant in 95%

populationpopulation

•• Desire to learn moreDesire to learn more

•• Desire to communicate effectivelyDesire to communicate effectively

•• Desire to efficientlyDesire to efficiently

lead and managelead and manage TIP

Recognition of pictures is essentially perfect!

- Haber, R. - Nickerson, R.S.

2

Development

in SA

Creativity Mind MapCreativity Mind Map3 themes:

creativity, ambiguityPowWows (1) (1) Vance

complexity

Creativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind MapCreativity Mind Map

CREATIVITY

Group

Dynamics

Brainstorming

MindBoggling (1)

Workouts(1)

CreativityCreativityCreativityCreativityCreativityCreativity

Types of

innovation

Six Hats (2) high

leverage

(2) de Bono

5 senses (1)

Fullerrandom inputs (2)

Albert Einsteinprovocations (2) ModelsStimulants

challenges (2)

“motion” (2)

Thomas Edison

STOP STOP

F. L. Wright

Leonardo da Vinci

Structures

Processesalcohol

environment

drugs

!

MindMapping (4)TRIZ (3)

!!

Category

(3) Altshuller Note (4) Buzan Taking

Prof. Dava Newman, ESD.801, Leadership










Development



Defining Creativity?Defining Creativity?

•• Creativity is the making of the new, or the remaking ofCreativity is the making of the new, or the remaking of

the old, in a new waythe old, in a new way11

•• Inspired people createInspired people create1.1. Motivated people create.Motivated people create.22

•• WeWe’’re not all Mozart, but we teach people music.re not all Mozart, but we teach people music.

WeWe’’re not allre not all daVincidaVinci, but, but……22

•• Western culture: analyze the present & fixWestern culture: analyze the present & fix

Eastern culture: accept the present & improveEastern culture: accept the present & improve22

1 Vance 2 DeBono

Proposition “One can teach creativity, but not genius”


How the Mind WorksHow the Mind Works

““Unless we purposely connect unconnected ideas,Unless we purposely connect unconnected ideas,

we may never reveal valuable relationships.we may never reveal valuable relationships.””VanceVance

3


DevelopmentProf. Dava Newman, ESD.801, Leadership

Approaches to CreativityApproaches to Creativity•• Group DynamicGroup Dynamic

StructuredStructured brainstormingbrainstorming,, powpow-wows-wows11, mind-boggling, mind-boggling11, workouts, workouts11,,six hatssix hats22

•• Structured ProcessesStructured Processes

TrizTriz, category note taking, category note taking11,, mind mappingmind mapping

•• Personal / Group StimulantsPersonal / Group Stimulants

5 senses5 senses11,, challengeschallenges22,, provocationsprovocations22,, randomrandom inputsinputs22,, ““motionmotion””22

•• ModelsModels

Edison, F.L. Wright, Fuller, ...Edison, F.L. Wright, Fuller, ...

1 Vance 2 DeBono


BrainstormingBrainstorming

• Why is brainstorming useful ?

• How to organize and host a brainstorming session ?

• Killer sentences

• What to do with the results ?

• Creativity technique designed to find new ideas as a TEAM

• Lower or remove creativity barriers

• Increase idea production via mutual stimulation

• Ideal group size is 5-10 people with diverse backgrounds

• Use of intuition and association

• Based on a solution-neutral question such as:

“What can be done to …. ?”, “How could we improve … ?”

Attributed to A.F. Osborn

Osborn, A.F., “Applied Imagination. Principles and procedures

of creative thinking”, Rev. Ed., New York, 1957

4



Organizing a Brainstorming SessionOrganizing a Brainstorming Session(1) Send out an invitation a few days ahead of time.

Announce brainstorming topic. The brainstorming

is the ONLY agenda item.

(2) Ideally 5-10 (7+/- 2) participants. Facilitator welcomes

participants and briefly describes problem or topic.

(3) Participants take turns expressing thoughts, suggestions,

ideas without the constraints of a particular order.

It is allowed to extend or combine ideas of

others leading to mutual stimulation.

(4) Facilitator takes notes, visible for everyone (e.g. flipchart)

without associating names.

(5) Principle of delayed judgement. No one is allowed to criticize

or particularly praise other ideas. Avoid killer phrases.

(6) Produce a large amount and diversity of ideas. Session ends

after 30 minutes or so. Post-Processing happens separately.


Creativity Killer SentencesCreativity Killer Sentences

This will never work !

We don’t even need to talk about this !

There’s no time for this !

Why change it … it’s working just fine !

Everyone does it this way !

Who the hell is going to pay for all this ?

You can’t view it this way !

What is YOUR expertise in this field ?

Have you had any previous experience with this ?

You can’t possibly be serious ?

You are completely missing the point !

I have already studied this problem for years !

Do you know where I went to school ?

Don’t worry… I know I’m right.

How long have you been with this company ?

I know what it means to….

Now that we agree on this, let’s move on ...

5

Development



Creative Thinking Session:Creative Thinking Session:““Brainstorming WordsBrainstorming Words””

•• Explore your brainExplore your brain’’s Radiant Thinking information-s Radiant Thinking information-

processing system.processing system.

•• Vast potential of associative machineryVast potential of associative machinery

•• Gaining insight:Gaining insight:

–– Your own and othersYour own and others’’ uniqueness as individualsuniqueness as individuals

–– Communication and avoiding misunderstandingCommunication and avoiding misunderstanding


““HappinessHappiness”” Mini-MindMini-MindMap/BrainstormingMap/Brainstorming

•• Fill in quickly,Fill in quickly,

without pausing,without pausing,

your first tenyour first ten

associations.associations.

•• Whatever comesWhatever comes

to your mind, noto your mind, no

matter howmatter how

ridiculous.ridiculous.

6

Happiness



Mini-Mind Map (continued)Mini-Mind Map (continued)

•• Aim: FindAim: Find ‘‘commoncommon’’ (= exact) words(= exact) words

•• Predict (privately)Predict (privately)

–– How many words will be common to ALL groupHow many words will be common to ALL groupmembers?members?

–– Common to all but one?Common to all but one?

–– Chosen by only one person?Chosen by only one person?

•• Even commonality is rooted in difference!Even commonality is rooted in difference!


Education and ExperienceEducation and Experience

•• Findings contradict a popular misconception:Findings contradict a popular misconception:

that the more you educate people, the morethat the more you educate people, the more

clone-like they will become.clone-like they will become.

•• Radiant Thinking demonstrates that theRadiant Thinking demonstrates that the

opposite is true:opposite is true: the more you educatethe more you educate

people, the more unique their vast, andpeople, the more unique their vast, and

growing networks of associations become.growing networks of associations become.

7



ImplicationsImplications•• Individuals share few common associations for a given word,Individuals share few common associations for a given word,

image or idea.image or idea. ““We are all magically and eerily different fromWe are all magically and eerily different fromeach other.each other.”” -- BuzanBuzan

•• Extraordinary uniqueness has benefits:Extraordinary uniqueness has benefits:

–– Problem solving: greater diversity, the better.Problem solving: greater diversity, the better.

–– Every individual is an extremely valuable part of the processEvery individual is an extremely valuable part of the process

–– Danger of viewing people as groups rather than individualsDanger of viewing people as groups rather than individuals

•• Radiant nature of reality gives insight, toRadiant nature of reality gives insight, to understandingunderstanding andandmisunderstandingmisunderstanding, which consequently helps us avoid emotional, which consequently helps us avoid emotionaland logical traps that hinder communication.and logical traps that hinder communication.


““Brainstorming ImagesBrainstorming Images””

•• Explore your brainExplore your brain’’s Radiant Thinkings Radiant Thinking ‘‘rightrightcortical skillcortical skill’’ of imagination and imagesof imagination and images

•• More powerful thanMore powerful than ‘‘left cortical skillleft cortical skill’’ of wordsof words

•• The capacity of recognition memory forThe capacity of recognition memory forpictures is almost limitless!pictures is almost limitless!

•• >95% note-taking/making done w/o images>95% note-taking/making done w/o images

•• 90% of people say90% of people say ““genetic inability to drawgenetic inability to draw””

8


Development

••

••

••

••

••

••

Six HatsSix Hats De BonoDe Bono

White Hat - examineWhite Hat - examine informationinformation

Red Hat - feelings, intuition, hunches, emotionsRed Hat - feelings, intuition, hunches, emotions

Black Hat -Black Hat - ““caution,caution,”” criticalcritical judgementsjudgements, avoid mistakes, avoid mistakes

Yellow Hat - optimism, feasibility, benefitYellow Hat - optimism, feasibility, benefit

Green Hat - creative thinking, new ideas, hypothesisGreen Hat - creative thinking, new ideas, hypothesis

Blue Hat - process control; agenda, next step, commentary ofBlue Hat - process control; agenda, next step, commentary of

thinkingthinking


Pause, Focus, and ChallengePause, Focus, and Challenge DeBonoDeBono

•• Just stop & pause - what could be? (RFK)Just stop & pause - what could be? (RFK)

"Some men see things as they are and ask 'Why?'"Some men see things as they are and ask 'Why?'

I dream things that never were and ask, 'Why not?'"I dream things that never were and ask, 'Why not?'"

Robert F. Kennedy, 1968Robert F. Kennedy, 1968

•• Focus on improvement, task, opportunity,Focus on improvement, task, opportunity,

re-phrasere-phrase the focusthe focus

•• Challenge --Challenge --

–– ContinuityContinuity

–– Validity of conceptValidity of concept

–– Dominating conceptDominating concept

–– AssumptionsAssumptions

–– BoundariesBoundaries

–– ““EssentialEssential”” factorsfactors

–– ““AvoidanceAvoidance”” factorsfactors

–– Either/Or propositionsEither/Or propositions


9



MovementMovement•• Movement is the opposite of judgment whenMovement is the opposite of judgment when

presented an unworkable idea - learn from it & movepresented an unworkable idea - learn from it & moveon (more active thanon (more active than ““suspended judgmentsuspended judgment””))

•• Must have a general willingness toMust have a general willingness to ““move,move,”” plusplustechniquestechniques

–– Extract a principleExtract a principle

–– Focus on the differenceFocus on the difference

–– Moment to momentMoment to moment

–– Positive aspectsPositive aspects

–– Circumstances with direct valueCircumstances with direct value

•• DonDon’’t look back - keep trying to move aheadt look back - keep trying to move ahead


Movement Stimulated by Random InputMovement Stimulated by Random Inputand Provocationand Provocation

•• Random input - pick a word at random -- let the brain connect to ideaRandom input - pick a word at random -- let the brain connect to ideaat handat hand

•• PO --PO -- PProvocativerovocative OOperation (actually sayperation (actually say POPO))

–– Accidental provocationAccidental provocation

–– DeliberateDeliberate

•• Negate things we take for granted -- restaurants charge for foodNegate things we take for granted -- restaurants charge for food

PO -- restaurants do not charge for foodPO -- restaurants do not charge for food

•• Reversal of circumstanceReversal of circumstance

I have a 380 SL MB -- PO MB has meI have a 380 SL MB -- PO MB has me

•• Exaggeration -- PO every house has 100 phonesExaggeration -- PO every house has 100 phones

•• Distortion of relationships or time seriesDistortion of relationships or time series

PO -- students examine each otherPO -- students examine each other

•• Wishful thinkingWishful thinking

PO -- shoplifters identify themselvesPO -- shoplifters identify themselves

10



Movement TechniquesMovement Techniques

•• Extract a principle: look for new mediaExtract a principle: look for new media

PO -- bring back town crierPO -- bring back town crier--> can--> can’’t turn town crier offt turn town crier off

•• Focus of the difference: postage stampsFocus of the difference: postage stamps

PO -- make long and thinPO -- make long and thin--> more room for address--> more room for address

•• Moment to moment -- imagine provocation in effectMoment to moment -- imagine provocation in effect

PO -- planes land upside downPO -- planes land upside down--> pilots have better view--> pilots have better view

•• Positive aspectsPositive aspects

PO -- cars should have their engines on their roofPO -- cars should have their engines on their roof--> better ease of access--> better ease of access

•• In what circumstances is there direct value?In what circumstances is there direct value?PO -- drinking glasses have round bottomsPO -- drinking glasses have round bottoms--> bars sell more drinks--> bars sell more drinks


The Mind MapThe Mind Map –– A DefinitionA Definition

•• An expression of Radiant ThinkingAn expression of Radiant Thinking

–– Natural function of the human mindNatural function of the human mind

•• Powerful graphic techniquePowerful graphic technique

–– Unlocking the potential of the brainUnlocking the potential of the brain

•• Applicable to everywhere you desireApplicable to everywhere you desire

improved learning and clearer thinkingimproved learning and clearer thinking

11

Development



Mind Map: Leadership DevelopmentMind Map: Leadership Development


Mind Map LawsMind Map Laws

12




4 Essential Mind Map Characteristics4 Essential Mind Map Characteristics

•• The subject of attention is crystallized in a centralThe subject of attention is crystallized in a central

image.image.

•• Main themes radiate from the central image asMain themes radiate from the central image as

branches.branches.

•• Branches comprise a key image or key word.Branches comprise a key image or key word.

–– Topics of lesser importance, successive branchesTopics of lesser importance, successive branches

•• The branches form a connected nodal structure.The branches form a connected nodal structure.

13

Development

By Mark Brown, pp. 97-100. Buzan book.



People Improve withPeople Improve with PracticePractice

•• Rejection of visualizing skills:Rejection of visualizing skills:

–– Images and colors are somewhat primitive,Images and colors are somewhat primitive,

childish, immature and irrelevantchildish, immature and irrelevant

–– Power to create and reproduce images is aPower to create and reproduce images is a

god-given talent (it is in fact, which isgod-given talent (it is in fact, which is

bestowed on everyone!)bestowed on everyone!)

•• From a more completeFrom a more complete

understanding of the brain, newunderstanding of the brain, new

realizationrealization–– Establish a new balance betweenEstablish a new balance between

the skills of thethe skills of the imageimage

and those of theand those of the wordword..


14

Development



Build Your VisualBuild Your Visual ‘‘MentalMentalMusculatureMusculature’’

•• ““OfficeOffice”” Mini-Mini-

Mind MapMind Map

•• Image is placedImage is placed

in the center.in the center.

•• On each of theOn each of the

ten branches,ten branches,

draw your firstdraw your first

ten imageten image

associationsassociations


Mind Map of AugustineMind Map of Augustine’’s 12 Qualitiess 12 Qualities

15



Aims of Visualization AssociationAims of Visualization Association

•• Unleash enormous power of the visual cortexUnleash enormous power of the visual cortex

•• Enhance memory through use of imagesEnhance memory through use of images

•• Increase aesthetic pleasure, shear joyIncrease aesthetic pleasure, shear joy

•• Break down resistance to useBreak down resistance to use

of images in learningof images in learning

•• Aid mental relaxationAid mental relaxation

•• Begin to develop extraordinaryBegin to develop extraordinary

powers of visualization andpowers of visualization andperceptionperception

TIP You’re in good company:

Leonardo da Vinci Pablo Picasso William Blake

Beethoven Albert Einstein

Vincent van Gogh


BrainstormingBrainstorming �� Mind MappingMind Mapping•• Combining the skills of words and images multipliesCombining the skills of words and images multiplies

your intellectual power, use a central imageyour intellectual power, use a central imagewhenever possible.whenever possible.

•• Basic Ordering IdeasBasic Ordering Ideas

–– Words or images, simplest and most obvious orderingWords or images, simplest and most obvious orderingdevices, the key conceptsdevices, the key concepts

•• Use of hierarchy and categorizationUse of hierarchy and categorization

•• Exercise:Exercise: ‘‘HappinessHappiness’’ mind mapmind map

•• Most Useful for me: +Lectures/presentations,Most Useful for me: +Lectures/presentations,++reading, +++preparing, ++++group facilitation,++reading, +++preparing, ++++group facilitation,

and ++++designand ++++design

16



Advantages of Mind MappingAdvantages of Mind MappingOver Linear Note-Making/TakingOver Linear Note-Making/Taking

•• Time savedTime saved

–– by noting only relevant words (50-95%)by noting only relevant words (50-95%)

–– Time saved by readingTime saved by reading ““ (> 90%)(> 90%)

–– Time saved by reviewing Mind Map notesTime saved by reviewing Mind Map notes

•• Concentration on real issues enhancedConcentration on real issues enhanced

•• Essential key words made easily discernableEssential key words made easily discernable

•• Essential key words juxtaposed in time and space,Essential key words juxtaposed in time and space,improving recall and creativityimproving recall and creativity

•• Clear and appropriate associationsClear and appropriate associations

•• Easier for brain to remember visually stimulating,Easier for brain to remember visually stimulating,multi-dimensional informationmulti-dimensional information


Laws and RecommendationsLaws and Recommendations

•• Accept, Apply, and Adapt (pg. 93)Accept, Apply, and Adapt (pg. 93)

–– Ancient Eastern cultures: Obey, Cooperate,Ancient Eastern cultures: Obey, Cooperate,and Divergeand Diverge

•• Create order from chaosCreate order from chaos

•• Laws to increase your mental freedomLaws to increase your mental freedom

–– TechniqueTechnique

–– LayoutLayout

•• Use hierarchyUse hierarchy

•• Use numerical orderUse numerical order

•• Recommendations supplement the lawsRecommendations supplement the laws

17

•• LayoutLayout

–– Use hierarchyUse hierarchy

–– Use numerical OrderUse numerical Order



Laws (continued)Laws (continued)•• TechniqueTechnique

–– Use emphasisUse emphasis

•• Always use a central imageAlways use a central image •• Blend the physical sensesBlend the physical senses

•• Use images throughout your Mind MapUse images throughout your Mind Map •• Vary size, lines, imagesVary size, lines, images

•• Use 3 or more colors per central imageUse 3 or more colors per central image •• Use organized spacingUse organized spacing

•• Use dimension in imagesUse dimension in images •• Use appropriate spacingUse appropriate spacing

–– Use associationUse association

•• Use arrows when you want to make connections within and across theUse arrows when you want to make connections within and across thebranch patternbranch pattern

•• Use colorsUse colors •• Use codesUse codes

–– Be clearBe clear

•• Use only one key word per lineUse only one key word per line •• Print all wordsPrint all words

•• Print key words on linesPrint key words on lines •• Connect lines to other linesConnect lines to other lines

•• Make line length equal to word lengthMake line length equal to word length •• Make central lines thickerMake central lines thicker

•• Make boundariesMake boundaries ‘‘embraceembrace’’ outlineoutline •• Make images clearMake images clear

•• Keep paper horizontal in front of youKeep paper horizontal in front of you •• Keep printing uprightKeep printing upright


RecommendationsRecommendations•• Break mental blocksBreak mental blocks

–– Add blank linesAdd blank lines –– Ask questionsAsk questions

–– Add imagesAdd images –– Infinite assoc. capacityInfinite assoc. capacity

•• ReinforceReinforce–– Review your Mind MapsReview your Mind Maps –– Do quick checksDo quick checks

•• PreparePrepare–– Prepare your mental attitudePrepare your mental attitude

•• Positive mental attitudePositive mental attitude •• Copy images around youCopy images around you

•• Commit to the absurdCommit to the absurd •• Make it as beautiful as possibleMake it as beautiful as possible

–– Prepare your materialsPrepare your materials

–– Prepare your workspacePrepare your workspace

•• Moderate temperatureModerate temperature •• Natural lightNatural light

•• Fresh airFresh air •• FurnishingsFurnishings •• SurroundingsSurroundings

•• Play appropriate music or work in silence if you preferPlay appropriate music or work in silence if you prefer

18




Another Brainstorming ExampleAnother Brainstorming Example

Let’s do it: TOPIC: “ How could BIOMETRICS be used

to increase world peace? ”

(emerging field of technology devoted to identification of individuals using biological traits)

What is biometrics ?

19


ConclusionsConclusions

•• Engineers & Scientists approach new designs with theirEngineers & Scientists approach new designs with their ““bag ofbag oftrickstricks”” derived from past experience (Where do we come from?)derived from past experience (Where do we come from?)

•• New solutions are predisposed to be limited to evolutionaryNew solutions are predisposed to be limited to evolutionaryvariants of old ones. Bevariants of old ones. Be creatiecreatie & open.& open.

•• MindmappingMindmapping (other techniques) increases your communication,(other techniques) increases your communication,visualization, understanding skills.visualization, understanding skills.

•• Overcome your dormant state of brain powerOvercome your dormant state of brain power

•• ‘‘Learning to learnLearning to learn’’ andand ‘‘learning to leadlearning to lead’’ (What are we?)(What are we?)

•• Destiny: Change the World (Where are we going)Destiny: Change the World (Where are we going)


20


TRIZTRIZ(Theory of Solving Inventive(Theory of Solving InventiveProblems)Problems)

OverviewOverview


PatentsPatents(Worldwide)(Worldwide)

InventiveInventive

PatentsPatents •• Levels of InventionLevels of Invention

•• Patterns of InventionPatterns of Invention

•• Patterns of EvolutionPatterns of Evolution

Key FindingsKey Findings

HistoryHistoryG. Altshuller

(Russia)

21

Development



TRIZ ModulesTRIZ Modules

TRIZTRIZ

ARIZARIZ

S-FieldS-Field

AnalysisAnalysis

Table of

Table of

Contradictions

Contradictions

76 Standard

76 Standard

SolutionsSolutions

Effects

Effects

PatternsPatternsARIZARIZ

•• ContradictionsContradictions

•• IdealityIdeality•• Smart little peopleSmart little people

PatternsPatterns

ARIZARIZ(Algorithm of Solving(Algorithm of SolvingInventive Problems)Inventive Problems)

22



Simplified ARIZ FlowchartSimplified ARIZ FlowchartFormulate

Ideal Solution

Solution

pathway

known ?

Identify

Changes

Yes

Identify

Obstacles

(What & Why)

No


TRIZ CategoriesTRIZ Categories

IdealityIdeality

ContradictionContradiction

ResourcesResources

23

Development



TRIZ ModulesTRIZ Modules

TRIZTRIZ

ARIZARIZ

S-FieldS-Field

AnalysisAnalysis

Table of

Table of

Contradictions

Contradictions

76 Standard

76 Standard

SolutionsSolutions

Effects

Effects

PatternsPatternsARIZARIZ

•• ContradictionsContradictions

•• IdealityIdeality•• Smart little peopleSmart little people

PatternsPatterns

ARIZARIZ(Algorithm of Solving(Algorithm of SolvingInventive Problems)Inventive Problems)

22



Simplified ARIZ FlowchartSimplified ARIZ FlowchartFormulate

Ideal Solution

Solution

pathway

known ?

Identify

Changes

Yes

Identify

Obstacles

(What & Why)

No


TRIZ CategoriesTRIZ Categories

IdealityIdeality


ResourcesResources

23

Development



Principles of resolvingPrinciples of resolvingcontradictionscontradictions

•• Resolution in spaceResolution in space

•• Resolution in timeResolution in time

•• Resolution upon a conditionResolution upon a condition

•• Resolution within the whole object and its partsResolution within the whole object and its parts


Resolution in spaceResolution in space

Problem: Plating of partsProblem: Plating of parts

24

Development



Resolution in timeResolution in time

Solution: Gas discharge bulb as theSolution: Gas discharge bulb as the ““lighting rodlighting rod””


Resolution upon a conditionResolution upon a condition

Seam for the side air bag must beSeam for the side air bag must be

strong during normal use, but muststrong during normal use, but must

open easily during deploymentopen easily during deployment

Side air bag deployment - problemSide air bag deployment - problem

27




Seam needs to beSeam needs to be strongstrong (to preserve seat integrity)(to preserve seat integrity)

yetyet

Seam needs to beSeam needs to be weakweak (so that it opens easily)(so that it opens easily)


Resolution upon a conditionResolution upon a conditionSide air bag deployment - solutionSide air bag deployment - solution

Seam unlatches andSeam unlatches and

opens from insideopens from inside

Air bag pushesAir bag pushes

from insidefrom inside

Force from outsideForce from outside

does not open clipdoes not open clip

28

Development



Resolution within the wholeResolution within the wholeobject and its partsobject and its partsGripping complex part with ordinary vise - problemGripping complex part with ordinary vise - problem



Vise needs to beVise needs to be rigidrigid (to secure the work piece)(to secure the work piece)

yetyet

Vise needs to beVise needs to be flexibleflexible (to accommodate various shapes)(to accommodate various shapes)

29

Development



Resolution within the wholeResolution within the wholeobject and its partsobject and its parts

Gripping complex part with ordinary vise - solutionGripping complex part with ordinary vise - solution

Patterns ofPatterns ofEvolutionEvolution

30



Patterns of EvolutionPatterns of Evolution

�� Stages of EvolutionStages of Evolution

�� Evolution Toward Increased IdealityEvolution Toward Increased Ideality

�� Uneven Development of Sub-SystemsUneven Development of Sub-Systems

�� Evolution TowardEvolution Toward Increased Dynamism & ControllabilityIncreased Dynamism & Controllability

�� Increased complexity followed by simplicity thru integrationIncreased complexity followed by simplicity thru integration

�� Evolution with Matching and Mismatching of ElementsEvolution with Matching and Mismatching of Elements

�� Evolution Toward Microlevel and Increased Use of FieldsEvolution Toward Microlevel and Increased Use of Fields

�� Evolution Toward Decreased Human InvolvementEvolution Toward Decreased Human Involvement


Patterns of EvolutionPatterns of Evolution

�� Stages of EvolutionStages of Evolution

�� Evolution Toward Increased IdealityEvolution Toward Increased Ideality

�� Uneven Development of Sub-SystemsUneven Development of Sub-Systems

�� Evolution TowardEvolution Toward Increased Dynamism & ControllabilityIncreased Dynamism & Controllability

�� Increased complexity followed by simplicity thru integrationIncreased complexity followed by simplicity thru integration

�� Evolution with Matching and Mismatching of ElementsEvolution with Matching and Mismatching of Elements

�� Evolution Toward Microlevel and Increased Use of FieldsEvolution Toward Microlevel and Increased Use of Fields

�� Evolution Toward Decreased Human InvolvementEvolution Toward Decreased Human Involvement

31

Development



1. Stages of Evolution1. Stages of Evolution

GrowthGrowth

MaturityMaturity Decline

Decline

Childhood

Childhood

Time

Sy

ste

m c

ha

rac

teri

sti

c

Childhood

Childhood


EvolutionEvolutioncurvescurves TimeS

yste

m c

hara

cte

risti

c

Growth

Maturity

Childhood

Decline

Time

Nu

mb

er

of

Inven

tio

ns

Time

Level o

fIn

ven

tio

n

Time

Pro

fita

bil

ity

32

Development



2. Evolution Toward2. Evolution TowardIncreased IdealityIncreased Ideality

Ideality = �� ( Useful Functions )

�� ( Harmful Functions )


4. Evolution Toward Increased4. Evolution Toward Increased Dynamism & ControllabilityDynamism & Controllability

33

Development



4. Evolution Toward Increased4. Evolution Toward Increased Dynamism & ControllabilityDynamism & Controllability


7.7. Evolution Toward MicrolevelEvolution Toward Microleveland Increased Use of Fieldsand Increased Use of Fields

34

Development



8.8. Evolution Toward DecreasedEvolution Toward Decreased Human InvolvementHuman Involvement


Other ReferencesOther References

•• Books: The Innovation Algorithm - AltshullerBooks: The Innovation Algorithm - Altshuller

•• Software: helps to automate, guide and speedSoftware: helps to automate, guide and speedup the discovery process.up the discovery process.

•• Web Sites:Web Sites:

–– TRIZ papers, research and latest newsTRIZ papers, research and latest news

•• http://www.triz-journal.com/http://www.triz-journal.com/

–– TRIZ consulting, software, training, publicationsTRIZ consulting, software, training, publications

•• http://www.ideationtriz.com/http://www.ideationtriz.com/

–– TRIZ consulting, educationTRIZ consulting, education

•• http://www.trizgroup.com/http://www.trizgroup.com/

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ConclusionsConclusions

•• EngineersEngineers && ScientistsScientists approachapproach newnew designsdesigns withwith theirtheir““bag of tricksbag of tricks”” derived from past experience (Where doderived from past experience (Where dowe come from?)we come from?)

•• NewNew solutionssolutions areare predisposedpredisposed toto bebe limitedlimited totoevolutionary variants of old ones. Beevolutionary variants of old ones. Be creatiecreatie & open.& open.

•• MindmappingMindmapping (other(other techniques)techniques) increasesincreases youryourcommunication, visualization, understanding skills.communication, visualization, understanding skills.

•• OvercomeOvercome youryour dormantdormant statestate ofof brainbrain powerpower

•• ‘‘LearningLearning toto learnlearn’’ andand ‘‘learninglearning toto leadlead’’ (What(What areare we?)we?)

•• Destiny:Destiny: ChangeChange thethe WorldWorld (Where(Where areare wewe going)going)


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