special status plants of klamath...

Special Status Plants ofKlamath County

Field Identification Handbook

What is a Special Status Plant?Special status plants constitute those naturally-reproducing

native plants which may become threatened or endangered throughoutall or any significant portion of their range. Factors to consider indetermining plants at risk include: the potential for natural reproductivefailure because of limited population numbers, disease, predation orother natural or man-made factors; imminent or active deterioration ofrange or primary habitat; over-utilization; and inadequate existingstate or federal regulations or programs for species or habitatprotection. Man-made factors include direct reproductive losses fromcontaminants and introductions of exotic species that threaten nativespecies through hybridization, introductions of parasites and/or otherdisease, predation or habitat alteration or encroachment.

The purpose of this field guide is to assist in the identificationof rare and endangered plants in Klamath County to provide base infor-mation for monitoring and maintaining the diversity which has evolvedin our local and regional floral heritage. Land managers, regulatory agen-cies and environmental organizations can use the guide to identify andprotect rare plants, associated wildlife species, and habitats of spe-cial concern in Klamath County. Land managers can use the guide tofocus inventory and monitoring and for proposing management recom-mendations.

This guide includes species currently on the Oregon Natural Heri-tage Program lists 1 and 2 which have been documented in KlamathCounty.

Table of Contents

What is a Special Status Plant? ....................... 4Classification Systems ..................................... 5

ADDER’S TONGUE FAMILYLance-leaved grape fern .................................. 8Pumice grape fern .......................................... 10BLADDERWORT FAMILYLesser bladderwort ........................................ 12BORAGE FAMILYDesert allocarya ............................................. 14CLUB-MOSS FAMILYBog club-moss ............................................... 16FIGWORT FAMILYGreen-tinged paintbrush ................................ 18Disappearing monkeyflower.......................... 20Three-colored monkeyflower ........................ 22Blue-leaved penstemon ................................. 24GENTIAN FAMILYNewberry’s gentian ........................................ 26LEGUME FAMILYApplegate’s milk-vetch.................................. 28Peck’s milk-vetch .......................................... 30LILY FAMILYGeenes’s mariposa lily ................................... 32MALLOW FAMILYBaker’s globe mallow .................................... 34MARSILEA FAMILYAmerican pillwort .......................................... 36MEADOW-FOAM FAMILYBellinger’s meadow-foam ............................. 38

MINT FAMILYProfuse-flowered pogogyne .......................... 40MUSTARD FAMILYCrater Lake rockcress .................................... 42Columbia cress .............................................. 44Short-podded thelypody ................................ 46Howell’s thelypody ........................................ 48PARSLEY FAMILYRed-root yampa ............................................. 50PHLOX FAMILYMt. Mazama collomia .................................... 52PONDWEED FAMILYRafinesque’s pondweed ................................. 54SCHEUCHZERIA FAMILYScheuchzeria or pod grass ............................. 56SEDGE FAMILYAbrupt-beaked sedge ..................................... 58Capitate sedge................................................ 60Smooth-beaked sedge .................................... 62Slender sedge ................................................. 64Meadow sedge ............................................... 66Water bulrush ................................................. 68SPLEENWORT FAMILYGrass-fern or northern spleenwort................. 70SUNFLOWER FAMILYShasta arnica .................................................. 72WATERLEAF FAMILYPlaya phacelia ................................................ 74

Glossary ......................................................... 75References and Readings............................... 79

Plant Name Global

Heritage

ONHP Federal BLM USFS

Winema

USFS

Freemont

ODA Page #

Arabis suffrutescens var. horizontalis G5T1S1 1 SoC D C 42

Arnica viscosa G4S2 2 D 72

Asplenium septentrionale G5S1 2 D 70

Astragalus applegatei G1S1 1 LE S LE 30

Astragalus peckii G3S3 1 SoC D LT 32

Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum G5S3 2 S 8

Botrychium pumicola S3 1 S D D 10

Calochortus greenei G2S2 1 SoC S C 32

Carex abrupta G4S1 2 S 58

Carex capitata G5S2 2 60

Carex integra G4G5S2 2 D 62

Carex lasiocarpa var. americana G5S2 2 S 64

Carex praticola S2 2 66

Castilleja chlorotica G3S3 1 S D D 18

Collomia mazama G3S3 1 S D S 52

Gentiana newberryi var. newberryi G4S2 2 S D D 26

Iliamna bakeri G3S2 1 D D D 34

Limnanthes floccosa ssp. bellingeriana G4T2S2 1 D C 38

Lycopodiella inundata G5S2 2 D 16

Mimulus evanescens G2S2 1 SoC D S S C 20

Mimulus tricolor G4S2 2 D D 22

Penstemon glaucinus G3S3 1 D D D 24

Phacelia inundata G2S1 1 74

Plagiobothrys salsus G3G4S1 2 14

Pogogyne floribunda G3S1 1 SoC D 40

Potamogeton diversifolius S1 2 54

OR

EG

ON

NAT

UR

AL

HE

RIT

AG

E P

RO

GR

AM

Lis

t 1: T

axa t

hat a

re en

dang

ered

or t

hrea

tene

d th

roug

hout

thei

r ran

geor

whi

ch a

re p

resu

med

ext

inct

.L

ist 2

: Tax

a th

at a

re e

ndan

gere

d, th

reat

ened

, or p

ossi

bly

extir

pate

dfr

om O

rego

n, b

ut w

hich

are

mor

e co

mm

on o

r sta

ble

else

whe

re.

Lis

t 3: S

peci

es w

hich

mor

e in

form

atio

n is

nee

ded

befo

re s

tatu

s ca

nbe

det

erm

ined

.L

ist 4

: Spe

cies

whi

ch ar

e of c

onse

rvat

ion

conc

ern

but n

ot co

nsid

ered

thre

aten

ed o

r end

ange

red.

OR

EG

ON

DE

PRAT

ME

NT

OF

AG

RIC

ULT

UR

E S

TAT

US

LE

: Lis

ted

as e

ndan

gere

d by

the

Stat

e of

Ore

gon.

LT: L

iste

d as

thre

aten

ed b

y th

e St

ate

of O

rego

n.C

: Can

dida

te sp

ecie

s for

the

Stat

e of

Ore

gon.

USF

S A

ND

BL

M IN

KL

AM

ATH

CO

UN

TY

S: S

uspe

cted

D: D

ocum

ente

d

GL

OB

AL

HE

RIA

TG

E S

TAT

US

(G)=

Glo

bal r

ank;

app

lies a

cros

s ent

ire ra

nge

(N)=

Nat

iona

l ran

k; a

pplie

s to

each

nat

ion

in it

s ran

ge(S

)= S

ubna

tiona

l ran

k; a

pplie

s to

each

stat

e in

its r

ange

(T)=

Infr

aspe

cific

taxo

n; ap

plie

s to

subs

peci

es o

r var

ietie

sof

a sp

ecie

s.1=

crit

ical

ly im

peril

ed2=

impe

riled

3= v

ulne

rabl

e to

ext

irpat

ion

or e

xtin

ctio

n4=

app

aren

tly se

cure

5= d

emon

stra

bly

wid

espr

ead,

abu

ndan

t and

secu

re

FED

ER

AL

STAT

US

LE

: Lis

ted

as e

ndan

gere

d by

the

U.S

. Fis

h an

d W

ildlif

eSe

rvic

e (U

SFW

S) u

nder

the

Enda

nger

ed S

peci

es A

ct.

SoC

: Sp

ecie

s of

Con

cern

. U

SFW

S ne

eds

addi

tiona

lin

form

atio

n be

fore

pro

posi

ng as

thre

aten

ed o

r end

ange

red.

Ro

rippa

co

lum

bia

eG

3S

31

DD

SC

44

Sch

euch

zeri

a p

alu

stri

s v

ar. am

eric

ana

G5T

5S

22

D5

6

Sci

rpu

s su

bte

rmin

ali

sG

4G

5S

22

S6

8

Th

elyp

od

ium

bra

chyc

arp

um

G3

S2

2S

DS

46

Thel

ypodiu

m h

ow

elli

i ss

p.

ho

wel

lii

G3

T3

SH

24

8

Utr

icu

lari

a m

ino

rG

5S

22

D1

2

Adder’s Tongue Family (Ophioglossaceae)

Lance-leaved grape fern

Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G. Gmelin) Angstr. ssp. lanceolatum

Heritage Rank Federal Status ODA Status ONHP List

G5T5 2

Description: A rather fleshy perennial plant growing from 5-35 cmtall. Plants arise from a single stem that divides into a single fertile andsterile “leaf”, both attached near the summit of the plant from a 3-14cm long common stem. The sterile leaf is attached almost directly tothe main stem (without a stalk), twice divided into lateral branches andhas sharply pointed or rounded tips and a shiny dark green color. Thefertile portion ranges from 1.5-8 cm long.

Habitat: Lance-leaved moonwort grows in a wide variety of habitatsincluding wet to moist grassy and rocky slopes, meadows, woods, road-sides, and edges of lakes . It is generally found at at fairly high eleva-tions Soils tend to be cold and mostly subacid in nature.

Similar Plants: Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum can grow inthe same habitats as B. hesperium and B. pinnatum. It can be distin-guished from these other taxa based on the shape of the sterile portionof the frond, which is broadly deltate (triangular) and nearly sessile.The sterile leaf is ovate to oblong-deltate and subsessile to stalked inthe other two species.

Notes:

Adder’s Tongue Family (Ophioglossaceae)

Pumice grape fern

Botrychium pumicola Cov. In Underw.

Description: This fern-like plant has a fleshy root that lacks hairs. Itssmall size is an important identifying trait. Plants can be up to 10 cm inheight, but they are usually less than 7. From this root emerge a photo-synthetic branch (sterile) and a reproductive (fertile) branch. Youngplants have a pale bluish green color, and eventually turn yellowishbrown after drying. Blades of the plant have been seen above groundfrom mid April to late October, but do not necessarily emerge from theground each year. Sporulates in August. Root nourishment occursthrough a necessary mycorrhizal relationship with fungi.


S3 1

Bureau of Land Management

Similar Plants: Botrychium simplex and Botrychium multifidum bothoccur in Klamath County in montane sites. Both of these species willbe in moist riparian habitats, not dry sites like Botrychium pumicola.B. simplex is about the same size B. pumicola. B. multifidum is largerand the sterile blade is evergreen. Dried plant blades can be confusedwith those of tawny horkelia (Horkelia fusca).

Habitat: The species is endemic to Oregon. Grape fern occurs above7,800 feet on fine pumice gravel lacking humus and on grassy slopes. Italso occurs in lodgepole basins and frost pockets on coarse to fine pum-ice soils without humus at about 5,000 feet. Found in Deschutes andKlamath Counties, it is also found in alpine sites at Crater Lake Na-tional Park. Potentially found on high, dry meadows.

United States Forest Service

Lesser bladderwortUtricularia minor L.

Description: Carnivorous perennial. Stems (10-30 cm long) both float(with densely arranged leaves and some bladders) and creep (with fewleaves and many bladders). Leaves (not true leaves) are alternate withfew divisions and smooth edged. There are 1-5 pear-shaped, flat blad-ders per leaf. Flowers are pale yellow with 5 petals and 2-5 sepals andoccur on the end of a stalk 15 cm above the water. Flowers resemble asnapdragon with a short spur and a 4-8 mm long lower lip that is twicethe size of the upper. Winter buds are glabrous, seeds are unwinged.

Bladderwort Family (Lentibulariaceae)


G5 S2 2

Malcom Storey

Malcom Storey

Similar Plants: Utricularia intermedia occurs within the range of U.minor, but it can be distinguished because its leaves are three-parted atthe base and have a bristly margin. This species is also uncommon.

Habitat: Lives in open bogs, sedge meadows, and marshlands between2,500 and 9,500 feet. Prefers calcium-rich shallow water.

Notes:

Malcom Storey

Borage Family (Boraginaceae)

Desert allocarya

Description: Annual with stiff hairs and spreading. Stem is decumbentto erect. Leaves are cauline, lower leaves 3-6 cm. Flowers are bisexual,sepals are fused below middle. Calyx is 2 mm; corolla is 2-4 mm wide.Inflorescence is bracted throughout, fruit is a lanceolate nutlet (1.5-2.5mm) with few cross-ribs.

Plagiobothrys salsus (Brandegee) I.M. Johnst.


G3 G4 S1 C 2

© 1998 Dean Wm. Taylor

Habitat: The desert allocarya lives in moist, alkaline mud flats. It isalso found in the Mojave desert of California and Nevada.

Notes:

Club-moss Family (Lycopodiaceae)

Bog club-moss

Lycopodiella inundata (L) Holub

Description: A perennial species of bogs and marshes with irregularly-rooting, horizontal stems lying flat on the ground. Entire leaves are 1mm wide and 3-8 mm long and are upcurved and spreading. Strobiliare green and photosynthetic and resemble the vegetative leaves. Thestrobili shape is very elongated, sometimes several times longer thanwide. The numerous sporophylls are spreading to spreading-ascendingand resemble the leaves. Produces spores in June and July and alsoreproduces vegetatively by rhizomes.


G5 S2 2

Walter Knight ©California Academy of

Sciences

Malcom Storey

Similar Plants: Most other clubmoss species in the area can be distin-guished from the bog clubmoss because they have sporophylls that dif-fer from the vegetative leaves. Huperzia occidentalis might be found inKlamath County, but it can be differentiated because its clustered stemsemanate from roots, not horizontal stems. Another identifying featureis that H. occidentalis has sporangia borne at the base of sporophyllsthat are not aggregated into a strobili.

Notes:

Habitat: Wet organic soils in peat bogs, muddy depressions, and pondmargins.

© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary’s College

Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae)

Green-tinged paintbrush

Castilleja chlorotica Piper

Description: A several-stemmed perennial from a woody caudex, thisplant is endemic to Oregon. The foliage is sticky, the leaves are wavy-margined. The inflorescence is short and dense. Green-tinged paint-brush gets its name from the greenish-yellow coloration coming prima-rily from the calyx and the upper portion of the corolla. The lower lip ofthe corolla consists of a dark green pouch, while the margins of theupper lip can be pinkish or magenta colored. This plant maintains ahemiparasitic relationship with big sagebrush in order to survive.Flowers between June and August.


G3 S3 1


Similar Plants: This plant is the only green flowered paintbrush in thearea. Castilleja pilosa is similar but lacks glands. Castilleja applegateihas wavy leaves, but has a reddish coloration.

Habitat: Found on shallow, rocky soils (volcanic sandy loam) in asso-ciation with ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine, mostly in grassy forestopenings. Also found as a component of big sagebrush communities.Can be found on any aspect, but it is more common to find it onsoutherly slopes. Found between 5,000 to 8,200 feet.





Dissapearing monkeyflower

Mimulus evanescens Meinke

Federal Status ODA Status ONHP ListHeritage Rank

G2S2 SoC C 1

Description: An annual with leaves that are broadly lanceolate to ovate.The corolla is yellow and less than 8 mm long. A paper by Beardsley etal. says that molecular data supports the hypothesis that M. evanescensis a hybrid between M. latidens and M. breviflorus.

2001 Steve Schoenig

Habitat: The habitat for Mimulus evanescens can be evaluated fromtwo existing sites. Both occur within sagebrush-juniper-dominated veg-etation zones. Plants at both sites were scattered among rock fragmentsand along side small boulders. The plants were found in moist, heavygravel that had been inundated earlier in the spring. Mimulus evanescensis distributed widely along the northwestern edge of the Great Basin atelevations between 4,000-6,000 feet. It ranges from southwest Idahowest through eastern Oregon and south into northeastern California(Meinke 1995).

Similar Plants: Rober Meinke states that Mimulus evanescens appearsto be closely related to Mimulus breviflorus and Mimulus latidens. Hefurther stated that it has characteristics of both taxa (Meinke 1995).

2001 Steve Schoenig

Three-colored monkeyflower

Mimulus tricolor Hartw.

Description: A densely puberulent annual growing between 1-14 cm.Leaves are oblanceolate and lack hairs. Calyx is puberulent, lobes are1-5 mm and unequal. Corolla is magenta to purple with whitish throatstained with yellow, mottled with dark dots. At the center of each lobebase is a large maroon spot. Flowers between May and July. The tube-throat is 15-50 mm and is puberulent outside.



G4 S2 2

© 2004 Carol W. Witham

Habitat: Moist flats, wet clay soils and vernal pools. Plants bloom inthe receding muds of ephemeral creeks, and stock ponds when suffi-cient snowpack provides spring water. Recent studies show capsulesonly open after exposure to water for 24 hours or longer.

© 2001 Steve Schoenig

© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary’s College

Blue-leaved penstemon

Penstemon glaucinus Pennell

Description: A tenacious perennial herb that is said to benefit frommoderate disturbance. Leaves are opposite and glaucus. Corollas areapprox. 12mm long, violet blue with a glabrous sterile filament. Inflo-rescence is glandular pubescent. The plant arises from a vertical rhi-zome. Flowers from July to August.



G3 S3 1



Habitat: Occurs on shallow, sandy/loamy, ash soils and is typicallyassociated with lodgepole and whitebark pine. Found at approximately7,000 to 8,000 feet. It is also found along rocky points or ridgelines andsometimes in stony meadows.Similar Plants: Can be distinguished from other penstemons prima-rily by the glaucus waxy coating on the leaves. Distinguished from Pen-stemon euglaucus, which it closely resembles, by the glandular inflo-rescence.




Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)

Newberry’s gentian

Gentiana newberryi A. Gray var. newberryi

Description: A rosetted perennial herb with stems arising laterally.Leaves are basal and cauline; the lower cauline leaves being spoon-shaped and more or less petioled, the upper being linear and acute,smaller, and less in numbers. Each infloresence has 1-5 flowers. Calyxlobes are linear to narrowly ovate and corolla lobes are elliptic-obo-vate. The sinus appendages are deeply divided into 2 triangular, jaggedparts tapered to thread-like points, with some variability. Corolla ismedium to deep blue. Flowers from July to September.


G4 S2 2

© 2000 George W. Hartwell

Similar Plants: Gentiana simplex is remotely similar and can co-oc-cur. Rosette is similar to Mimulus primuloides, which is found on theKlamath Ranger District. M. primuloides can be distinguished becauseit has toothed leaves.

Habitat: Montane meadows between 4,000 and 7,200 feet. Found invernally wet to moderately dry meadows. Also found along stream sidesand fell-fields.

© 1990 Julie Kierstead Nelson


Legume Family (Fabaceae)

Applegate’s milk-vetch

Astragalus aplegatei M. Peck

Description: A taprooted, herbaceous perennial that is endemic to Kla-math County. Numerous tufted or trailing stems are 25-80 cm long andcan be smooth or have sparse stiff, short hairs. Leaves are on petiolesand have 7-11 linear to linear-elliptic leaflets. Inflorescence is a racemewith 5-20 flowers with lavender-tipped white petals. Fruit pods (usu-ally contain fewer than 3 seeds) have short hairs and frequently havegreen or purple speckled valves. Reproduction is achieved exclusivelyby dark brown minutely dotted seeds. Flowers from early June to Au-gust. Refer to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Plan forthis species for more information


G1 S1 LE LE 1

Oregon Depatment of Agriculture

Similar Plants: Astragalus filipes can be distinguished because itsbanners lack purple color and its erect growth. Astragalus purshii haslong soft wavy hairs and produces densely wooly pods. Astragaluslemonii has compact inflorescences on stalks paired in the leaf axils.

Habitat: Grows on seasonally moist areas with sparse native bunch-grasses and occassional shrubs. Soils are strongly alkaline, lack a litterlayer and have an underlying clay hardpan. Known populations are re-stricted to an elevation of 4,100 feet. Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) isabundant at most sites and may be a problem.

Christopher Calonje

Oregon Depatment of Agriculture

Legume Family (Fabaceae)

Peck’s milk-vetch

Astragalus peckii Piper

Description: A low growing plant with a long taproot that can formmats up to 40 cm across. The plant is leafy (6-14 leaflets per leaf) andappears grayish due to short white hairs. Terminal leaflet is confluentwith the rachis and appears as an extension of it. Flowers are small andcream colored, their banner pinstriped with purple and recurved. Theseed pod (4-8 mm) is compressed, triangular in cross section and has anoblong appearance. Flowers between late May and August.


G3 S3 SoC LT 1

Melissa Carr

Similar Plants: Pauper milkvetch (A. misellus) and arcane milkvetch(A. obscurus) are very similar in size and appearance, but the rachis/leaflet confluence is unique to Peck’s milkvetch. Another identifyingfeature of Peck’s milkvetch is the tendency for petioles to persist undernew growth for several years.

Habitat:Occurs in openings in lodgepole pine/bitterbrush communities, juni-per/sagebrush woodlands, and dry washes or meadow edges. Soils arepumice, ash, or sometimes derived from alluvial material. Species isendemic to Central Oregon (Crooks, Deschutes, Klamath counties), eastof the Cascades.

Melissa Carr

Lily Family (Liliaceae)

Geenes’s mariposa lily

Calochortus greenei S. Watson

Description: Stem is generally 10-30 cm long and branched. One basalleaf is as long as the flowering stem, and leaf-like bracts are presentwhere the stem divides into flower heads. Petals are lilac and 3 cm longwith a deeper colored crescent above the nectary. The inner surface ofthe petals covered with dense white hairs that turn yellowish towardsthe base. Flowers between June and August, with 1-5 flowers per inflo-rescence.


G2 S2 SoC C 1

Steve Lowens

Steve Lowens

Similar Plants: Calochortus longebarbatus occurs in the area inmoist-dry meadows. Calochortus macrocarpus occurs on dry foothillslopes.

Habitat: Foothills and low mountains on soils ranging from clay tolight loam. Soils where Greene’s mariposa lily is found are generallycobbley or stony. The plant is often associated with rock outcrops. Livesin grasslands and coniferous forests between 2,300 and 6,600 feet.


Notes:

Mallow Family (Malvaceae)

Baker’s globe mallow

Iliamna bakeri (Jeps.) Wiggins

Description: A perennial rising from a woody caudex with erect stemsthat are harshly stellate-hairy and can grow up to 120 cm.The inflores-cence appears axillary with rose-purple petals that are 1-3 cm. Three tofour seeds are found per fruit segment. The densely puberulent-stellateupper leaves of the plant are shallowly to deeply 3-5 lobed. Leaf peti-oles are 1-6 cm, stout and with stipules that are about 5 mm wide.


G3 S2? 1

Charles Webber © CaliforniaAcademy of Sciences

Jeannette Wilson, United States Forest Service

Similar Plants: Iliamna rivularis is similar but is differentiated by ob-serving the calyx, which is 1 cm or less as opposed to I. bakeri whosecalyx is 1.3-2 cm. Iliamna latibracteata is distinguished from I. bakeriby having large accessory bracts accompanying the calyx.

Habitat: Rocky, dry slopes and chaparral of the arid transition zonefrom Klamath County to California. Also occurs in pine and white firforests after a burn. Investigations have shown a correlation with recentburns as the primary habitat condition for this species. Notice the burnedarea in the photos above. Found between 3,300 and 8,200 feet.



Marsilea or Pepperwort Family (Marsileaceae)

American pillwort

Pilularia americana A. Br.

Description: An extremely small (<5cm), grasslike plant with narrowglabrous leaves that are 1.5-5 cm long and .5 mm wide. Unlike thegrasses, there is no leaf “blade”, just an unbranched midvein. Theseplants reproduce by spores found in wooly structures called sporocarpsthat are found below the soil surface. Moisture stimulates sporocarpsto rupture and release a gelatinous thread where female and male sporesare attached.


G5 S2 2


Similar Plants: The sporocarps and unbranched midvein make thisspecies unique and hard to confuse with other plants.

Habitat: Shallow vernal pools, mudflats, lake margins, and resevoirsbelow 5,500 feet.

Notes:

Meadow-foam Family (Limnanthaceae)

Bellinger’s meadow-foam

Limnanthes floccosa Howell ssp. bellingeriana(M. Peck) Arroyo

Description: A diminutive annual with self-pollinating creamy whiteflowers. Flowers are bell to urn-shaped and do not open widely. Leavesare less than 8 cm and have 4-10 leaflets.


G4 T2 S2 C 1

Bureau ofLand Management

Dale Landrum, Bureau of Land Management

Limanthes flocossa ssp. bellingeriana is on the left, it lacks wooliness.Limnanthes floccosa is on the right, it is noticeably wooly.

Similar Plants: Morphological similarities accounted for the placementof Bellinger’s meadowfoam as a subspecies of L. floccosa, mostly dueto the fact that it is not wooly. However, differences in flower shape andwooliness have brought researchers to suggest that L. floccosa ssp.bellingeriana be its own species.

Habitat: Rocky, shallow soils that are at least partially shaded in thespring. Found growing in vernal pools and is adapted to soil that isinundated during the winter and spring and dry in the summer and fall.Elevation ranges from 3,600 to 4,400 feet.



Mint Family (Lamiaceae)

Profuse-flowered pogogyne

Pogogyne floribunda Jokerst

Federal Status ODA Status ONHP ListHeritage Rank

G3S1 SoC 1

Description: An annual that can be either hairy or not. It is dotted withglands and aromatic. Stem is ascending to erect, 3-10 cm, branched atthe base. Inflorescence is a dense spike from plant base to top, that is10-25 mm wide. Corolla is 4.5-6 mm, white with spots. Calyx is hairy,2-3 mm, with lobes that are 1.5-5 mm. Flowers from June to August.



Habitat: Vernal pools, seasonal lakes and flats, from 3,200 to 5,100feet.Similar Plants: Pogogyne zizyphoroides is similar but its inflorescenceis terminal and head-like, not a long spike. Also, the corolla is purplewithout spots and it is branched above, not at the base.

Notes:



Mustard Family (Brassicaceae)

Crater Lake rockcress

Arabis suffrutescens var. horizontalis (Greene) Rollins

Description: A perennial herb with 10-30 cm stems that are hairy be-low. Leaves are basal and also hairy. Flowers have spoon-shaped petalsthat are rose to purplish. Fruits are spreading to more or less recurved.Flowers from July to August.


G5 T1 S1 SoC C 1

Habitat: Known from only four extant occurrences at Crater Lake Na-tional Park. Gravelly or stony slopes and dry pumice slopes above 5,000feet. Found in sparse pine, fir or hemlock forests.

Notes:



Columbia cress

Rorippa columbiae Suksd.

Description: Low-growing rhizomatous perennial with stems that usu-ally are between 10 and 30 cm long. Stems generally grow flat, but aresometimes erect and branched. Leaves are divided almost to their cen-ter into several pairs of opposite leaflets, and are sometimes toothed.Flowers have 4 bright yellow petals, sepals are flat and ovate to oblongand will sometimes remain on the plant through fruiting. Flowers fromMay to late October. Fruits are almost oblong and are usually curvedinto an arc.


G3 S3 C 1



Similar plants: Rorippa columbiae can be distinguished from relatedspecies by characteristics of its fruits and sepals. Fruits are coveredwith elongated trichomes and sepals are densely pubescent.

Habitat: Most sites are located on moist areas in gravelly soil, gener-ally along rivers, or in vernal pools. Also found along the drying edgesof shallow lakes and along seasonal riverbeds.




Short-podded thelypody

Thelypodium brachycarpum Torrey

Description: A taprooted biennial that can have a branched stem ornot. Basal leaves are more or less entire to pinnately lobed, thick, glau-cous, and can be hairy or not. Cauline leaves are sessile, sagittate, en-tire and glaucous. Inflorescence is spike-like and dense, with crinkled,white-petal flowers. Flowers have 4 petals. Fruit is cylindric, narrowedbetween seeds.


G3 S2 2

Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences

Habitat: Sagebrush scrub, pond margins, damp ground near streams,and meadows adjacent to ponderosa pine forests. Alkaline soils between2,600 and 6,700 feet.

© 2002 California Native Plant Society


Howell’s thelypody

Thelypodium howellii S. Watson ssp. howellii


G3 T3? SH 2


Habitat: Alkaline meadows and sagebrush scrub between 4,000 and5,200 feet.

Description: Herbaceous biennial that can grow up to 60 cm tall, withbranches arising from near the base of the stem. Basal leaves are 2-10cm and have wavy edges and zero or sparse hairs. Cauline leaves areshorter, narrow and have smooth edges. Flowers appear on loose spikesat the end of the stems and bear 4 spoon-shaped, lavender to purplepetals. Filaments are partly to completely fused. Fruit is cylindric andmore or less incurved.

Notes:

Parsley Family (Apiaceae)

Red-root yampa

Perideridia erythrorhiza (Piper) T.I. Chuang & Constance

Description: Tuberous roots are shaped like a torpedo and range incolor from off-white to chestnut brown. Many tiny white flowers arepacked into dense, showy clusters. Inflorescence is an umbel, and eachplant can have up to 20 or more umbels. Fruits are longer than they arewide and many fruits may have only one seed. Flowers between lateJuly and September. Klamath County populations are said to flower onthe earlier side of the spectrum.


G1 S1 SoC C 1

Wayne Padgett, United States Forest Service

Similar Plants: Co-occurs with Perideridia oregana and Perideridiagairdneri and is difficult to distinguish until the plants are in fruit (usu-ally sept-early oct.). P. oregana has similar shaped fruit, but the umbelshave even rays and are flat-topped, compared to uneven rays in P.erythrorhiza. P. gairdneri has more rounded fruit.

Habitat: Found on both sides of the Cascade Range, but populationson the eastern side are few and small. Mostly found at the margins ofconiferous forests and in high elevation meadows.



R. Holmes, Bureau of Land Management

Phlox Family (Polemoniaceae)

Mt. Mazama collomia

Collomia mazama J. Coville

Description: An erect, herbaceous perennial that ranges from 15-30cm tall. Leaves are broadly lanceolate and have distinct irregular teethnear the apex. Flowers are lilac, violet, bright purple, or deep blue witha funnel shaped corolla. Stamens are exerted and have blue anthers.Flowers are borne on terminal, head-like cymes covered with glandularhairs that smell skunky. Three seeds are found in each capsule and areexplosively dehiscent. Flowers between June and September.


G3 S3 1


Simlar Plants: Collomia debilis var. debilis can be distinguished fromCollomia mazama by its larger flowers which are 1.5 to 3.5 cm. Collomialarsenii can be distinguished by its palmately- or pinnately-lobed leaves.Both exhibit a sprawling habit, as opposed to the erect habit of Collomiamazama.

Habitat: Inhabits alpine meadows and slopes, and dry rocky areas withinlodgepole, hemlock and true fir forests. Also found in riparian areasand in the interface between meadows and forest. Elevation range isbetween 4,800 and 6,200 feet.



Pondweed Family (Potamogetonaceae)

Rafinesque’s pondweed

Potamogeton diversifolius Raf.

Description: Rhizomatous aquatic plant with spotless, compressedcauline stems. Has both submersed and floating leaves that are some-what spirally arranged. Submersed leaves are linear, 1.5-2.3 cm, red-brown to light green and have entire margins. Floating leaves are lightgreen and are .7 to .8 cm long. Inflorescences are unbranched spikesand can be submersed or emersed. Emersed spikes are cylindric (5-10mm) and submersed spikes are 2-3 mm. Fruits are greenish brown andwinged.


S1 2

Habitat: Found in ponds, lakes, rivers and streams up to 8,200 feet inelevation.

This line drawing is thecopyright property of the University

of Florida Center for Aquatic andInvasive Plants (Gainesville). Used

with permission.

Scheuchzeria Family (Schleuzhzeriaceae)

Scheuchzeria or pod grassScheuchzeria palustris L. var. americana (Fernald)Hulten

Description: A trailing, rhizomatous plant that grows 20-40 cm talland has a greenish brown look. Each erect stem has 3 or 4 linear, stiff,alternate leaves that are gradually reduced upward and arranged in a 2-ranked fashion. Leaves are round in cross-section and broadly sheath-ing at the base with a prominent ligule (2-10 mm) at the juncture of thesheath and the blade. Inflorescence is a raceme with few to several flow-ers. Obscure flowers produce three compressed fruits arranged in aspreading, triangular cluster. Flowers between May and June.


G5 T5 S2 2

M. RomanskiJoe Duft, Idaho Fish & Game

Similar Plants: Can be confused with sedges and rushes but can bedifferentiated by its fruit. Arrow grass (Triglochin) is also similar buthas mostly basal leaves.

Habitat: In bogs and marshes or also found along lake margins.

M. Romanski

Sedge Family (Cyperaceae)

Abrupt-beaked sedge

Carex abrupta Mack.

Description: This plant will not be distinguishable without a formalkey and mature perigynia. Cespitose. It has an erect stem that is gener-ally more than 20 cm and 3-edged. Leaf blade is 1.5-4.5 mm wide.Inflorescence is brown and generally dense and 10-22 mm. Male flow-ers are located below the female flowers. Pistillate flower bract obtuseand brown or coppery. Perigynia are 3.6-5.4 mm, 1-2.5 mm wide, some-times boat-shaped with wings incurved to front. Fruit is brown with agreen to gold upper margin. Beak is generally dark brown and less than1 mm and has a cylindric tip.


G4 S1 2

© 2003 Steve Matson

Similar Plants: Similar to Carex microptera and Carex pachystacha,common species in Klamath County. Carex abrupta has a shorter/broader inflorescence.

Habitat: Moist meadows and open forest between 4,600 and 11,000feet.





Capitate Sedge

Carex capitata L.

Description: A loosely cespitose perennial with a 10-35 cm, 3-angledstem. Has short creeping rhizomes on which the culms are closely spaced.Leaves are 1-4 per culm and rolled, quill-like. Inflorescence is a soli-tary terminal spike that is 4-10 mm long. Pistillate flower bracts arebrown with a wide, white margin. The perigyinia are ovate and 2-3 mmlong, and there are 6-25 per spike. They are finely veined on back, palegreen and have a beak with a dark tip. Blooms from June to August.


G5 S2 2


Habitat: Found on marshy meadows with acidic, coarse textured, loamysandy soils. Found between 5,000 and 12,800 feet.

Steve Matson



Smooth-beaked sedge

Carex integra Mack.

Description: This plant will not be distinguishable without a formalkey and mature perigynia. Cespitose perennial with 3-angled stem andleaf blades that are 1-2 mm wide. Inflorescence is dense, 15-30 mm,gold to medium brown. Male flowers are located below the female flow-ers. Perigynium is brown, appressed to ascending with inconspicuousbeak that can be more or less serrate and has a cylindric tip. Veins onthe back are weak, not present in the front.


G4 G5 S2 2


Similar Plants: Carex illota

Habitat: Seasonally moist soil between 3,000 and 11,000 feet.





Slender sedge

Carex lasiocarpa Ehrn. var. americana

Description: A rhizomed perennial with 3-angled leaves. A key identi-fication feature is the hairy perigynia. Stem is between 30-120 cm. Leavesare .5-2 mm wide, folded, glabrous with a very long, slender tip. Basalblades are minute. Upper ligules are thick and tough and the sheathmouth is often ciliate. Pistillate spikelets are sessile. Pistillate flowerbract is more or less ciliate, purplish to brown, awned and narrowlywhite-margined. Between 15-50 purplish, thick-walled perigynia arefound per spikelet. Beak is .5-1.2 mm and has generally erect teeth.


G5 S2 2


Similar Plants: Carex pelita is common in Klamath County and alsohas hairy perigynia, but it has broader leaves that are not folded.

Habitat: Meadows and lake and pond shores between 5,000 and 7,000feet. Generally found in standing water.

© 1990 Dean Wm. Taylor© 2002 Steve Matson

Notes:


Meadow sedgeCarex praticola


S2 2


Description: This plant will not be distinguishable without a formalkey and mature perigynia. A cespitose perennial with 3-angled leaves.Leaves are 1.5-4 mm wide, culms are taller than basal leaves. Inflores-cence is open, often nodding, 15-50 mm. Spikelets 2-10 with 20-50pistillate flowers, upper and lower spikes appear the same. Male flow-ers are located below the female flowers. Flower bract is reddish orbrown, white-margined and covers perigynium. Perigynia are ovate-ovoid or lanceolate winged to base, translucent and with weak veins onback. Beak winged with a slender tip. Blossoms from May to July.


Similar Plants: Carex leporinella and Carex pachystachya.

Habitat: Moist to wet medows below 10,500 feet in elevation.




Water bulrush

Scirpus subterminalis Torr.

Description: A rhizomatous perennial with slender, weak stems thatare 20-80 cm long. Leaves are .5 mm wide and submerged or floating.Inflorescence is a light brown, solitary spike subtended by a leaf-likebract that is 1-6 cm long. Bract appears to be a continuation of the stem.Flowering spikes emerge above the water surface. Flowers between lateJune and July. Fruits are small achenes that are three-sided with a promi-nent tip and have 1 seed.


G4 G5 2


Similar Plants: Similar to other scirpus in the area, but is distinguishedby its aquatic habit and flaccid leaves. Can also be confused with watercelery (Vallisneria americana) and bur-reeds (Sparganium spp.), whichhave much broader leaves (.5-1 mm).

Habitat: Found in the shallow water of ponds, lakes and marshes.Dean Taylor

Notes:


Michael Becker

Spleenwort Family (Aspleniaceae)

Grass-fern or northern spleenwort

Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.

Description: A rhizomatous fern with leaves that are simple or 1-2times forked and densely clustered. Petiole is red-brown at base andgreenish above. Leaf blade is narrowly linear and sometimes has sterileteeth near the tip. Sporangia are clustered in linear sori and are coveredby indusia when young. Generally 1 sori per linear segment but some-times appearing to have as many as 4, corresponding to generally thesame number of teeth per segment.


G5 S1 2

Habitat: Lives in crevices of basaltic rocks. Sites near Chemult arebetween 5,000 and 6,000 feet.

Photgrapher Unknown

Borja Wernwersson

Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Shasta arnica

Arnica viscosa A. Gray

Description: A rhizomatous perennial herb (20-50 cm. tall) arising froma woody, scaly caudex. This plant is very glandular, sparsely hairy up-ward, and much-branched. Cauline leaves are sessile, 5-10 pairs, moreor less entire and have 3-5 weak veins. Inflorescence is a discoid headwith acute, short-hairy phyllaries, generally about 15-20 heads per plant.Flowers in July and August.


G4 S2 2

2003 Penn Martin II

Similar Plants: Arnica mollis is also sticky but it has rays and is oftenfound in riparian areas.

Habitat: Open, rocky, subalpine to alpine sites between 6,600 and 8,200feet.

2003 Penn Martin II


Habitat: Alkaline flats and dry lake margins between 5,000 and 6,600feet.

Waterleaf Family (Hydrophyllaceae)

Playa phacelia

Phacelia inundata J.T. Howell

Description: Annual that grows 10-40 cm. tall. Stem is branched at thebase and spreading to erect. Stem is also glandular with short, stiff hairs.Leaves are 10-30 mm, deeply lobed with rounded segments and appearcrowded on lower part of plant. Inflorescence is a cyme. Flower is nar-rowly bell-shaped and yellow. Calyx lobes are 3-4 mm, narrowly ob-long and bear short hairs. Stamens are glabrous and styles are puberu-lent. Fruit is 4-7 mm, oblong and puberulent.


G2 S1 1

Notes:

GlossaryAchene: Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit froma 1-chambered ovary, oftenappearing to be a naked seed.Acute: Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides of which are convex orstraight and converge at less than a right angle.Alpine: Found above timberline.Annual: Completing life cycle (germination through death) in one year orgrowing season, essentially non-woody.Anther: Pollen-forming portion of a stamen.Awn: Bristle-like appendage or elongation, generally at the tip of a largerstructure.Axillary: Pertaining to or within an axil (upper angle between axis and branchor appendage).Bract: Small. leaf- or scale-like strucuture associated with an inflores-cence or cone.Calyx: Collective term for sepals; outer or lowermost whorl of flower parts,generally green and enclosing remainder of flower in bud.Caudex: Short, sometimes woody, more or less vertical stem of a perennia,at or beneath ground level.Cauline: Borne on a stem, not basal.Cespitose: Having a densely clumped, tufted or cushion-like growth form,with the flowers held above the clump.Compound Leaf: A leaf divided into distinct parts.Corolla: Collective term for petals.Cyme: Branched inflorescence in which central or uppermost flower opensbefore the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis.Decumbent: Lying flat on ground but with tip curving up.Dehiscent: Splitting open at maturity to release contents.Discoid Head: A head composed entirely of disk flowers.Disk Flower: Generally bisexual and radial, ligule-less flower with a 5- (rarely4-) lobed corolla.Elliptic: In the shape of an ellipse (flattened circle).Endemic: Native and restricted to a well defined geographic area.Entire: Having margins that are continious and smooth.Erect: Upright, vertically oriented.Fertile: Plant or plant part that is reproductively functional.Filaments: Anther-stalk; the often thread-like portion of a stamen.

Glabrous: Smooth, hairless.Glaucous: Covered with a generally whitish or bluish, waxy or powderyfilm that is sometimes easily washed off.Inflorescence: An entire cluster of flowers and associated structures.Lanceolate: Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half.Leaflet: One leaf-like unit of a compound leaf.Ligulate Head: A head composed entirely of ligulate flowers.Ligulate Flower: A bisexual. bilateral flower with the long, outer portion ofthe corolla 5-lobed. Appears only with other ligulate flowers in a ligulatehead.Lobe: 1. A major expansion or bulge. 2. Free tips of otherwise fused struc-tures.Montane: Pertaining to mountains, region between foothills and subalpine.Mychorizal: Symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the root of a plant.Nectary: Structure that secretes nectar, often near base of ovary. Nectar is anutritive solution consumed by animals.Nutlet: Small, dry nut, generally one of several produced by a single flower.Oblanceolate: Inversely lanceolate, with attachement at narrower end.Ovate: Egg-shaped in two dimensions.Pappus: The aggregate of structures such as awns, bristles or scales, arisingwhere sepals would be expected.Perennial: Living more than 2 years or growing seasons.Perigynium: Sac-like structure enclosing the ovary and achene.Petiole: Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem.Phyllaries: A bract od the involucre that subtends a head.Pistillate: Having fertile pistils but sterile or missing stamens.Puberulent: Having hairs visible only when magnified.Raceme: Unbranched inflorescence of pediceled flowers, open from bottomto top.Rachis: The main axis of a structure, such as a compound leaf or inflores-cence.Ray Flower: A generally pistillate or sterile, bilateral flower with the long,outer portion of the corolla (ligule) often 3-lobed. Appearing on the marginof a head and accompanied by central disk flowers.Rhizome: Underground, often elongate, more or less horizontal stem. Dis-tinguished from root by presence of leaves, buds, etc.Rosette: A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground.

Serrate: Having margins with sharp teeth generally pointing tipward.Sessile: Without a petiole or stalk.Sori: Cluster of sporangia on surface of a fern leaf.Spikelet: In Poaceae, the smallest aggregation of florets plus any glumes. InCyperaceae, the smalles aggregation of florets plus bracts.Sporangia: A spore-producing organ found in non-seed plants.Sporocarps: Specialized structure containing sporangia.Sporophylls: Sporangium bearing leaf, often modified in structure.Stamen: Male reproductive structure of a flower, consisting of an antherand filament.Stellate: Star-like. Generally refers to hairs branched in a radiating fashion.Sterile: Not reproductively functional. Said of a plant or plant part thatdoes not produce or is associated with the production of spores, pollen,ovules or seeds.Stigma: Part of a pistil where pollen is deposited.Stipules: Pair of leaf-like appendages found at the base of the petiole insome leaves.Subalpine: Just below treeline, between montane and alpine.Strobili: Cone-like cluster of sporophylls on an axis.Style: Stalk-like portion that connects ovary to stigma.Taproot: Main, tapered root that generally grows down into soil and hassmaller, lateral branches.Trichomes: Any epidermal outgrowth of a plant.Umbel: Inflorescence in which three to many pedicels radiate from acommon point. May be compound, in which case larger inflorescencebranches also radiate from a common point.

References and Recommended Readings

Beardsley, Paul M. , Steve E. Schoenig, Justin B. Whittall, and RichardG. Olmstead. 2004. Patterns of evolution in western North AmericaMimulus. The American Journal of Botany. 91.3.

Gisler, Steven and Robert J. Meinke. 1998. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser-vice. Applegate’s milkvetch (Astragalus applegatei) recovery plan.Portland, Oregon.

Hickman, James C. (ed.). 1993. The Jepson Manual. Berkeley, CA:University of California Press. Avaiable on the web atucjeps.berkeley.edu/jepman.

Hitchcock, C.L. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. By C.L.Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J.W. Thompson, UniversityWashington Press, Seattle, WA.

Meinke, Robert J. 1995. Mimulus evanescens (Scrophulariaceae): A newannual species from the northern Great Basin. Great Basin Naturalist55(3):249-257.

The California Native Plant Society. www.cnps.org

The Oregon Native Plant Society. www.npsoregon.org

www.fs.fed.us

www.calflora.org

www.blm.gov

Printed with funding from“Secure Rural Schools and Community Self Determination Act

of 2000” PL 106-393 Title III.A special thanks to Klamath County Commissioners, Steve

West, Al Switzer, and John Elliott, for recognizing the impor-tance of developing this resource guide.

2004

Prepared By:

special status plants of klamath...

Documents