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What is PCP?

PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in the 1950s as anintravenous anesthetic, but its use for humans was discontinued

because it caused patients to become agitated, delusional, andirrational. Today individuals abuse PCP because of the mind-altering, hallucinogenic effects it produces.

What does PCP look like?

PCP is a bitter-tasting, white crystalline powder that is easy todissolve in water or alcohol. PCP may be dyed various colors andoften is sold as a tablet, capsule, liquid, or powder.

DEA

Maine DrugEnforcement Agency

How is PCP abused?

Users snort PCP powder, swallow tablets and capsules, or smokethe drug by applying it (in powder form) to a leafy substancesuch as marijuana, mint, parsley, or oregano. In addition, usersincreasingly are dipping marijuana or tobacco cigarettes in liquidPCP and smoking them.

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Who uses PCP?

Individuals of all ages use PCP. Data reported in the NationalHousehold Survey on Drug Abuse indicate that an estimated 6million U.S. residents aged 12 and older used PCP at least once in


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their lifetime.

The survey also revealed that many teenagers and young adultsuse PCP--225,000 individuals aged 12 to 17 and 777,000individuals aged 18 to 25 used the drug at least once.

PCP use among high school students is a particular concern. Morethan 3 percent of high school seniors in the United States usedthe drug at least once in their lifetime, and more than 1 percentused the drug in the past year, according to the University ofMichigan's Monitoring the Future Survey.

What are the risks?

PCP is an addictive drug; its use often results in psychologicaldependence, craving, and compulsive behavior. PCP producesunpleasant psychological effects, and users often become violent

or suicidal.PCP poses particular risks for young people. Even moderate useof the drug can negatively affect the hormones associated withnormal growth and development. PCP use also can impede thelearning process in teenagers.

High doses of PCP can cause seizures, coma, and even death(often as a consequence of accidental injury or suicide whileunder the drug's effects). At high doses, PCP's effects mayresemble the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, includingdelusions and paranoia.

Long-term use of PCP can lead to memory loss, difficulty withspeech or thought, depression, and weight loss. These problemscan persist for up to a year after an individual has stopped usingPCP.

What is it called?

The most common names for PCP are angel dust, animaltranquilizer, embalming fluid, ozone, rocket fuel, and wack.Marijuana or tobacco cigarettes that are dipped in PCP are calledilly, wet, or fry. (Please see the Street Terms text box below for

additional names.)

Street Terms for PCP

Animal tranqBlack dustBoatCliffhangerCrystal tDipper

Goon dustHappy sticksHorse tranquilizerKoolsLethal weapon

Magic dustO.P.P.PazPeter PanShermans


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Dust joint Magic dust Trank

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Is PCP illegal?

Yes, PCP is illegal. PCP is a Schedule II substance under theControlled Substances Act. Schedule II drugs, which includecocaine and methamphetamine, have a high potential for abuse.Abuse of these drugs may lead to severe psychological orphysical dependence.

1. Looks like

In its pure form, PCP is a white crystalline powder that readily dissolves in water.However, most PCP on the street is tan/brown in color, powdery or gummy inconsistency, and is typically transported in small foil wraps. PCP is most commonly soldas a powder or liquid, and applied to a leafy material such as oregano, parsley, mint, ormarijuana and then smoked.

2. Methods of abuse

Smoked, injected, snorted, taken orally

3. Effect on the mind

PCP use often causes a user to feel detached, distant and estranged from his surroundings.Auditory hallucinations and severe mood disorders can occur. In some users, acute

anxiety, paranoia and hostility, as well as psychosis can occur.4. Effect on the body

Numbness, slurred speech, and loss of coordination can be accompanied by a sense ofstrength and invulnerability. A blank stare, rapid and involuntary eye movements, and anexaggerated gait are among the more observable effects.

5. Drugs causing similar effects

PCPs effects are similar to other hallucinogens, such as mescaline and peyote.

6. Overdose effects

Longer, more intense trip episodes, psychosis and possible death.

7. Legal status in the United States

Originally designed as a human anesthetic and later produced only as a veterinaryanesthetic, PCP is no longer produced or used for legitimate purposes.

8. Common places of origin

PCP is generally produced in clandestine laboratories


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Phencyclidine (a complex clip of the chemical name 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine,commonly initialized as PCP), also known as angel dust and myriad otherstreet names, is arecreational, dissociative drugformerly used as ananesthetic agent, exhibiting hallucinogenicandneurotoxic effects.[1]

Developed in 1926,[2] it was first patented in 1952 by the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company

and marketed under the brand name Sernyl. Inchemical structure, PCP is anarylcyclohexylamine derivative, and, inpharmacology, it is a member of the family ofdissociative anesthetics. PCP works primarily as anNMDA receptor antagonist, which blocksthe activity of theNMDA receptorand, like most antiglutamatergic hallucinogens, issignificantly more dangerous than other categories of hallucinogens.[3][4] Other NMDA receptorantagonists include ketamine,tiletamine, and dextromethorphan. Although the primarypsychoactive effects of the drug lasts for a few hours, the total elimination rate from the bodytypically extends eight days or longer.

As a recreational drug, PCP may be ingested, smoked, or snorted.[5] Users tend to demonstratesymptoms that mimic schizophrenia such as delusions, hallucinations, paranoia and disorderedthinking.

[edit] Biochemistry and pharmacology

[edit] Biochemical action

In a similar manner, PCP and analogues also inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptorchannels(nAChR). Some analogues have greater potency at nAChR than at NMDAR. In some brainregions, these effects act synergistically to inhibit excitatory activity.[citation needed] wPCP (andketamine) also act aspotentD2 receptorpartial agonists,[6] as well asdopamine reuptakeinhibitors.[citation needed]

PCP is retained in fatty tissue and is broken down by the human metabolisminto PCHP, PPCandPCAA.

The most troubling clinical effects are most likely produced by the action of phencyclidine onthe D2 receptor. This has been suggested to account for most of the psychotic features.[7]Therelative immunity to pain is likely produced by indirect interaction with the endogenousendorphin and enkephalin system that has been found in rats.[8][clarification needed]

When smoked, some of it is broken down by heat into 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene (PC) andpiperidine.
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Conversion of PCP into PC and piperidine by heat. (Image in the PD)

[edit] Structural analogs

Possible Analogues of PCP

More than 30 different analogues of PCP were reported as being used on the street during the1970s and 1980s, mainly in the USA. The best known of these are PCPy (rolicyclidine, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine); PCE (eticyclidine, N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine); and TCP(tenocyclidine, 1-(1-(2-Thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine). These compounds were never widely-used and did not seem to be as well-accepted by users as PCP itself, however they were all addedonto Schedule I of the Controlled Substance Act because of their putative similar effects.[9][citationneeded]

The generalized structural motif required for PCP-like activity is derived from structure-activityrelationship studies of PCP analogues, and summarized below. All of these analogues wouldhave somewhat similar effects to PCP itself, although, with a range of potencies and varyingmixtures of anesthetic, dissociative and stimulant effects depending on the particular substituentsused. In some countries such as the USA, Australia, and New Zealand, all of these compoundswould be considered controlled substance analogues of PCP, and are hence illegal drugs, eventhough many of them have never been made or tested.[10][11][clarification needed]

[edit] Brain effects

Like otherNMDA receptor antagonists, it is postulated that phencyclidine can cause a certainkind ofbrain damagecalled Olney's lesions.[12][13] Studies conducted on rats showed that high

doses of the NMDA receptor antagonistMK-801 caused reversible vacuoles to form in certainregions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on animalsand may not apply to humans. The research into the relationship between rat brain metabolismand the creation of Olney's Lesions has been discredited and may not apply to humans, as hasbeen shown with ketamine.[14][15]

Phencyclidine has also been shown to cause schizophrenia-like changes in the rat brain, whichare detectable both in living rats and upon necropsy examination of brain tissue.[16] It alsoinduces symptoms in humans that are virtually indistinguishable from schizophrenia.[17]
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The full extent of the pharmacology of this compound in the human CNS is not fully understood;it binds to many different receptor sites. The primary interactions are as a non-competitiveantagonist at the 3A-subunit [epsilon subunit] of the NMDA receptor. Phencyclidine is known tobind, with relatively high affinity, to the D1 subunit of the human DAT (Dopamine Transporter),in addition to displaying a positive antagonistic effect at the 7-subunit of the NicotinicAcetylcholine Receptor (nAChR). It also binds to the mu-opioid receptor, which seems to be acentral part of the mechanism of action of drugs in this class. (For example, Dizocilpine [MK-801] shows little appreciable analgesic effect despite having a high specificity for the NMDA-3Aand NMDA-3B subunits this may well be mediated by the lack of related efficacy at the mu-opioid receptor, though the NMDAR certainly does play a role in transmission of pain signals).[citation needed]

[edit] History and medicinal use

PCP was first synthesized in 1926, and later tested afterWorld War II as a surgical anesthetic.Because of its adverse side effects, such as hallucinations,mania, delirium, and disorientation, itwas shelved until the 1950s. In 1953, it was patented byParke-Davis and named Sernyl(referring to serenity),[18] but was only used in humans for a few years because of side-effects. In

1967, it was given the trade nameSernylan and marketed as aveterinaryanesthetic, but wasagain discontinued. Its side effects and long half-life in the human body made it unsuitable formedical applications.

[edit] Recreational use

This section needs additional citations for verification.

Please helpimprove this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material

may be challenged and removed.(April 2010)

Illicit PCP seized by the DEA in several forms.

PCP began to emerge as a recreational drug in major cities in the United States in 1967.[19] In1978,Peoplemagazine andMike Wallaceof60 Minutes called PCP the country's "number one"drug problem. Although recreational use of the drug had always been relatively low, it began
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declining significantly in the 1980s. In surveys, the number ofhigh school students admitting totrying PCP at least once fell from 13% in 1979 to less than 3% in 1990.[20]

PCP comes in both powder and liquid forms (PCP base is dissolved most often in ether), buttypically it is sprayed onto leafy material such ascannabis,mint,oregano,parsley, orgingerleaves, then smoked.

PCP is a Schedule II substance in the United States, a List I drug of the Opium Law in theNetherlands and a Class Asubstance in the United Kingdom.

[edit] Method of absorption

The term "embalming fluid" is often used to refer to the liquid PCP in which a cigarette isdipped, to be ingested through smoking, commonly known as "boat" or "water." The name mostlikely originated from PCP's somatic "numbing" effect and the feeling of physical dissociationfrom the body, and has led to the widespread (mistaken) belief that the liquid is made up of orcontains real embalming fluid. Occasionally, however, some users and dealers have, believingthis myth, used real embalming fluid mixed with (or in place of) PCP. [21][22]Smoking PCP isknown as "getting wet", and a tobacco or cannabis cigarette dipped in PCP may be referred to on

the street as a "fry stick," "sherm," "amp," "KJ (an abbreviation for 'Killer Joint')," "toe tag","dipper", "happy stick," or "wet stick." "Getting wet" is an increasingly popular method of usingPCP, especially in the western United States where it is sold for about $10 to $25 per cigarette.

In its pure (base) form, PCP is a yellow oil (usually dissolved in petroleum or diethyl ether ortetrahydrofuran). Upon treatment with hydrogen chloride gas, or isopropyl alcohol saturated withHCl, this oil precipitates into white-tan crystals or powder (PCP hydrochloride) In this form,PCP can beinsufflated, depending upon the purity. However, most PCP on the illicit marketcontains a number of contaminants as a result of makeshift manufacturing, causing the color torange from tan to brown, and the consistency to range from powder to a gummy mass. Thesecontaminants can range from unreacted piperidine and other precursors, to carcinogens likebenzene and cyanide-like compounds such as PCC (piperidinocyclohexyl carbonitrile).

[edit] EffectsBehavioral effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce a numbness in the extremities andintoxication, characterized by staggering, unsteady gait, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, and lossof balance. Moderate doses (510 mg intranasal, or 0.010.02 mg/kg intramuscular orintravenous) will produce analgesia and anesthesia. High doses may lead to convulsions.[23]Oftentimes, users do not know how much of the drug they are taking due to the tendency of the drug tobe made illegally in uncontrolled conditions.[24]

Psychological effects include severe changes inbody image,loss of ego boundaries,paranoiaanddepersonalization. Hallucinations, euphoria, suicidal impulses and aggressive behavior arereported.[23][25]The drug has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion, causingsome individuals to become detached, and others to become animated. Intoxicated individuals

may act in an unpredictable fashion, possibly driven by their delusions and hallucinations. PCPmay induce feelings of strength, power, and invulnerability as well as a numbing effect on themind.[5] Occasionally, this leads to bizarre acts of violence.[26] However, studies by the DrugAbuse Warning Networkin the 1970s show that media reports of PCP-induced violence aregreatly exaggerated and that incidents of violence were unusual and often (but not always)limited to individuals with reputations for aggression regardless of drug use.[27] The reports inquestion often dealt with a supposed increase in strength imparted by the drug; this couldpartially be explained by the anaesthetic effects of the drug. The most commonly-cited types of
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incidents included self-mutilation of various types, breaking handcuffs (a feat reportedlyrequiring about 550 lbs of pressure), inflicting remarkable property damage, and pulling one'sown teeth.[28][29][30]

Included in the portfolio of behavioral disturbances are acts of self-injury including suicide, andattacks on others or destruction of property. The analgesic properties of the drug can cause users

to feel less pain, and persist in violent or injurious acts as a result. Recreational doses of the drugcan also induce a psychotic state that resembles schizophrenic episodes which can last formonths at a time with toxic doses.[31]Users generally report an "out-of-body" experience wherethey feel detached from reality, or one's consciousness seems somewhat disconnected fromreality.[32]

Symptoms are summarized by the mnemonic device RED DANES: rage, erythema (redness ofskin), dilated pupils, delusions, amnesia,nystagmus (oscillation of the eyeball when movinglaterally), excitation, and skin dryness.[33]

[edit] Management of intoxication

Management of phencyclidine intoxication mostly consists of supportive care controlling

breathing, circulation, and body temperature and, in the early stages, treating psychiatricsymptoms.[34][35][36]Benzodiazepines, such aslorazepam, are the drugs of choice to controlagitation and seizures (when present).Typical antipsychotics such asphenothiazines andhaloperidol have been used to control psychotic symptoms, but may produce many undesirableside effects such as dystonia and their use is therefore no longer preferred; phenothiazinesare particularly risky, as they may lower the seizure threshold, worsenhyperthermia, and boostthe anticholinergic effects of PCP.[34][35]If an antipsychotic is given, intramuscularhaloperidolhas been recommended.[36][37][38]

Forced acid diuresis (with ammonium chloride or, more safely, ascorbic acid) may increaseclearance of PCP from the body, and was somewhat controversially recommended in the past asadecontaminationmeasure.[34][35][36] However, it is now known that only around 10% of a dose of

PCP is removed by the kidneys, which would make increased urinary clearance of littleconsequence; furthermore, urinaryacidification is dangerous, as it may induce acidosis andworsen rhabdomyolysis(muscle breakdown), which is not an unusual manifestation of PCPtoxicity.[34][35]

PCPWhat are the street names/slang terms?

Angel Dust, Embalming Fluid, Killer Weed, Rocket Fuel, Supergrass, Wack, Ozone
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathologic_nystagmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathologic_nystagmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phencyclidine&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-line_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_antipsychoticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_antipsychoticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenothiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloperidolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure_thresholdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_diuresishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathologic_nystagmushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phencyclidine&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-line_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_antipsychoticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenothiazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloperidolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure_thresholdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_diuresishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis


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What is PCP?

PCP, or phencyclidine, is a dissociative anesthetic that was developed in the 1950s as a surgicalanesthetic. Its sedative and anesthetic effects are trance-like, and patients experience a feelingof being out of body and detached from their environment. Use of PCP in humans wasdiscontinued in 1965, because it was found that patients often became agitated, delusional, andirrational while recovering from its anesthetic effects.

What does it look like?PCP is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol. It has a distinctivebitter chemical taste.

How is it used?

PCP turns up on the illicit drug market in a variety of tablets, capsules, and colored powders. PCPcan be snorted, smoked, injected, or swallowed and is most commonly sold as a powder or liquidand applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, tobacco, or marijuana.Many people who use PCP may do it unknowingly because PCP is often used as an additive and canbe found in marijuana, LSD, or methamphetamine.

What are its short-term effects?

At low to moderate doses, PCP can cause distinct changes in body awareness, similar to thoseassociated with alcohol intoxication. Other effects can include shallow breathing, flushing,profuse sweating, generalized numbness of the extremities and poor muscular coordination. Useof PCP among adolescents may interfere with hormones related to normal growth anddevelopment as well as with the learning process.

At high doses, PCP can cause hallucinations as well as seizures, coma, and death (though deathmore often results from accidental injury or suicide during PCP intoxication). Other effects thatcan occur at high doses are nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, flicking up and down of the eyes,drooling, loss of balance, and dizziness. High doses can also cause effects similar to symptoms ofschizophrenia, such as delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking, a sensation of distance from onesenvironment, and catatonia. Speech is often sparse and garbled.

PCP has sedative effects, and interactions with other central nervous system depressants, such asalcohol and benzodiazepines, can lead to coma or accidental overdose.

Many PCP users are brought to emergency rooms because of PCPs unpleasant psychologicaleffects or because of overdoses. In a hospital or detention setting, they often become violent orsuicidal, and are very dangerous to themselves and to others. They should be kept in a calmsetting and should not be left alone.


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What are its long-term effects?

PCP is addicting; that is, its repeated use often leads to psychological dependence, craving, andcompulsive PCP-seeking behavior.

People who use PCP for long periods report memory loss, difficulties with speech and thinking,depression, and weight loss. These symptoms can persist up to a year after cessation of PCP use.

Mood disorders also have been reported.

What is its federal classification?

Schedule II

Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG),Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Additional Photos


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What is PCP?"Angel Dust," "Hog," "Rocket Fuel," "DOA," "Peace Pill" -

these are other names for the illegal drug phencyclidine

(PCP). PCP was developed in the 1950s as an anesthetic.

However, the use of PCP as an anesthetic was stopped after

some people experienced psychotic reactions after using the

drug. PCP is now made illegally and has found its way onto

the street, often contaminating other street drugs. In fact,

PCP is often sold in place of drugs such as LSD and

mescaline. According to the Monitoring the Future survey of

drug trends, 2.3% of 12th graders in the United States used

PCP sometime during the year 2000.

PCP is classified as a dissociative anesthetic because users appear to be"disconnected" from their environment: they know where they are, butthey do not feel as if they are part of it. The drug has different effectson different people. It can act as a stimulant, a depressant, an analgesic(decreasing pain) or a hallucinogen depending on the dose and route ofadministration. The effects produced by PCP are different from thosecaused by hallucinogens such as LSD. Rather than producing visualhallucinations, PCP causes changes in body image. In addition to thesedistortions of reality, PCP can cause frightening side effects such asfeelings of terror and confusion.

PCP (Image courtesyof the Indiana

Prevention ResourceCenter)

Behavioral Effects of PCPPCP can be eaten, snorted, injected or

smoked. Depending on how a person

takes the drug, the effects are felt within

a few minutes (2-5 minutes when

smoked) to an hour. PCP can stay in a

person's body for a long time; the half-

life of PCP ranges from 11 to 51 hours.

Furthermore, because PCP is made

illegally under uncontrolled conditions,

users have no way of knowing how much

PCP they are taking. This makes PCP

especially dangerous.

PCP users are often characterized as violent orsuicidal. However, this portrait of a PCP usermay not be accurate. Dr. Jaime Diaz, a

% of 12th Graders Who Have Used PCP

Sometime During Their Lifetime

(Source: Monitoring The Future Survey)
http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lsd.htmlhttp://www.monitoringthefuture.org/http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lsd.htmlhttp://www.monitoringthefuture.org/


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professor in the Department of Psychology atthe University of Washington, reviewed manyof the published reports of PCP use in hisbook,How Drugs Influence Behavior. A

Neuro-Behavioral Approach(Upper Saddle River(NJ): Prentice Hall, 1997). He states that PCP userarely results in violence and concludes that:

"Phencyclidine does not cause

aggression or criminal behavior."

Dr. Diaz believes that the reported violentbehavior is not due to the pharmacologicaleffect of PCP, but rather is the result of theway people under the influence of PCPperceive things and are subsequently treated bylaw enforcement personnel. People under theinfluence of PCP may not feel pain and theirperception of sensory stimuli may be altered,possibly causing police officers to use strongermethods to control such individuals.

Dose Effect

Low

Feelings of euphoria (well-being), relaxation, numbness, sensory distortions,

feelings of detachment from one's own body, anxiety, confusion, amnesia,

illogical speech, blurred vision, blank stare

Mediu

m

Confusion, agitation, analgesia, fever, excessive salivation, "schizophrenic-

type" behavior

High Seizures, respiratory failure, coma, fever, stroke, DEATH

Tolerance and dependence on PCP are possible. Withdrawal symptoms include

diarrhea, chills, tremors.

Effects of PCP on the BrainPCP affects multiple neurotransmitter

systems in the brain. For example, PCP

inhibits the reuptake of dopamine,

PCP affects multiple

neurotransmitter systems


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norepinephrine and serotonin and also

inhibits the action of glutamate by blocking

NMDA receptors. Some types of opioid

receptors in the brain are also affected by

PCP. These complex effects on multiplechemical systems in the brain most likely

underlie the behavioral effects of PCP.

PCP is a

synthetic

drug sold as

tablets,

capsules, or

white or

colored

powder. It

can be

snorted,

smoked, or

eaten.

Developed in

the 1950s as

an IV

anesthetic,

PCP wasnever

approved for

human use

because of

problems

during clinical

studies,

including

intensely

negative

psychological

effects.

Street

Names:

Angel dust, ozone, wack, rocket fuel

More atStreet Terms (Office of National Drug Control Policy Web Site)

Effects: PCP is a "dissociative" drug, distorting perceptions of sight and sound and

producing feelings of detachment. Users can experience several unpleasant
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/streetterms/default.asphttp://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/streetterms/default.asp


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psychological effects, with symptoms mimicking schizophrenia (delusions,

hallucinations, disordered thinking, extreme anxiety).

Statistics

and Trends:

In 2009, 122,000 Americans age 12 and older had abused PCP at least once in

the year prior to being surveyed. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and

Health (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Web Site). TheNIDA-funded 2010 Monitoring the Future Study showed that 1.0% of 12th

graders had abused PCP at least once in the year prior to being surveyed.

Source: Monitoring the Future (University of Michigan Web Site)

Phencyclidine (PCP) was developed in the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic, but its use wasdiscontinued in 1965, after patients who were given the drug experienced psychotic reactions. PCP isnow only manufactured illegally and comes in liquid, powder or pill form.

Street Names

Angel Dust, Hog, Rocket Fuel, DOA, Peace Pill

What Is PCP?

PCP is known as a dissociative anesthetic, because users of the drug seem to be "disconnected" fromthe environment around them. It distorts perceptions of sight and sound and produces feelings ofdetachment. Rather than visual hallucinations, PCP causes the user to experience distortions of reality.

What Does PCP Look Like?

PCP is a white crystalline powder that is easily soluble in water or alcohol. Therefore it can appear inliquid form. Since PCP can easily be mixed with dyes, it can appear in a variety of colors in powder,tablet and capsule form. Sometimes it is sold on the street wrapped in metallic foil (see photo) inpowder form.

How Is PCP Taken?

PCP can be eaten, snorted, injected or smoked. The effects of the drug can be felt within two to fiveminutes if it is smoked (usually applied to a leafy material, such as mint, parsley, oregano ormarijuana). The method used to take PCP in to the body can change the effects that it has on the user

and how long its effects last.

Who Takes PCP?

Soon after PCP was introduced as a street drug in the 1960s, it gained a reputation of causing badreactions and never became very popular with illicit drug users. Some users, though, like the feelingsof strength, power and invulnerability the drug produces. Others enjoying the numbing effect PCP canhave on the mind. Therefore, some continue to use the drug despite the negative risks.

What Are the Effects of PCP
http://www.samhsa.gov/http://www.samhsa.gov/http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/http://www.samhsa.gov/http://www.samhsa.gov/http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/


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PCP can have different effects on different people. The way the drug is taken and the amount used canalso change how PCP affects the user. Depending upon the dosage, PCP can have the followingeffects:

Low Dosage - Feelings of euphoria, relaxation, numbness, sensory distortions, feelings of

detachment from one's own body, anxiety, confusion, amnesia, illogical speech, blurred vision,blank stare.

Medium Dosage - Confusion, agitation, analgesia, fever, excessive salivation, delusions,schizophrenic-type behavior, paranoia, disordered thinking.

High Dosage - Seizures, respiratory failure, coma, fever, stroke and possible death.

Since PCP is only made illegally, there is no way to know exactly how much PCP is actually beingtaken, making the use of this drug particularly dangerous.

What Are the Health Effects of PCP?

Low doses of PCP can produce an increase in blood pressure and heartbeat and a slight increase inbreathing rate. Users can experience shallow breathing, numbness of the extremities, flushing,sweating and loss of muscular coordination.

High doses of PCP can produce a severe drop in blood pressure, pulse rate and breathing rate. Userscan experience nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, drooling, loss of balance, dizziness and the up anddown flicking of the eyes.

Due to the possible sedative effects of PCP, if the drug is taken with other depressants, such asalcohol or benzodiazepines, it can cause a coma.

PCP abusers can become violent or suicidal while taking the drug. Although there is some researchthat disputes that PCP induces violence or aggression in users, more PCP users die from suicide whiletaking the drug than die from the effects of the drug on the central nervous system.

What Are the Long-Term Effects of PCP?

Memory loss, depression, difficulty speaking, difficulty thinking and weight loss have been reported bypeople who abused PCP for long periods of time. These symptoms can last up to one year after endingPCP use.

Is PCP Addictive?

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the repeated abuse of PCP can lead to craving andcompulsive PCP-seeking behavior, despite severe adverse consequences. Therefore, by definition, it isaddictive.

What Treatment Is Available?

Users who are having a "bad trip" on PCP are usually placed in a quiet area or room with little sensorystimulation. Sometimes the user is given benzodiazepines to control seizures or extremely agitatedbehavior.

There is no known treatment for PCP addiction specifically, other than residential treatment andbehavioral therapy used to treat any addiction.


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Street Names: "Angel Dust," "Supergrass," "Killer Weed," "Embalming Fluid," and"Rocket Fuel"

"A ...High School student on a drug-induced rampage ran in front of a schoolbus yesterday afternoon, seriously injuring himself ... The 17-year-old, whosename was not released, screamed that he was going to kill himself before andafter the accident ... 'He said he was on acid and then all of a sudden he wentcrazy'...The Arizona Daily Star, January 20, 1999

Chemical Composition: PCP/Phencyclidine in its pure form is a white crystallinepowder that dissolves in water. Most PCP is manufactured illegally in clandestinelaboratories and contains contaminates causing the color to be brownish and theconsistency to range from a powder to a gummy mass.

In the 1950s, researchers originally thought Phencyclidine might be used as ananesthetic, but it produced negative side effects such as confusion and delirium andwas discontinued in 1965. For a while it was used as an animal anesthetic but no longeris.

Characteristics: PCP is a hallucinogen. PCP often causes users to feel detachedfrom their surroundings.

Methods of Use: PCP is sold in tablets, capsules, powder and liquid; but it iscommonly applied to a leafy material, such as parsley, mint, oregano or marijuana andsmoked. It can also be snorted or eaten.

Risks: PCP can produce numbness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, a blankstare, and rapid and involuntary eye movements. Users may experience a sense ofstrength and invulnerability, or they may feel acute anxiety, a feeling of impendingdoom, paranoia and violent hostility. PCP can cause seizures, coma and death.

"The teen ran from the apartment, busting windshields and denting car roofsalong the way ... He then stripped naked and ran onto North Oracle Road, ... infront of the bus. "The Arizona Daily Star", January 20, 1999

Auditory hallucinations and image distortions may occur along with severe moodswings. It can also produce amnesia or psychoses indistinguishable fromschizophrenia. Some may become suicidal and very dangerous to themselves.

PCP is addictive.

Low to moderate doses of PCP may cause increased blood pressure and pulse rate,numbness of the extremities and lack of muscular coordination. High doses of PCP cancause a drop in blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration. The abuser may experience

nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, drooling, loss of balance and dizziness.

Used over a long period, PCP can cause memory loss, difficulties with speech andthinking, depression and weight loss. Symptoms can persist up to a year after stoppinguse.

PCP Effects:


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PCP or angel dust, is an animal anesthetic that has very damaging effects on people. PCP effectsare most notable due to the totally detached, sometimes violent, and crazy reactions of peopleusing PCP. The effects of PCP on a person are disturbing. The user is not at all like themselvesand can even go into a kind of living nightmare, where monsters are attacking him and life isvery unreal. Sometimes the PCP user lives in two different realities, one when using PCP and theother when they are straight.

PCP Nightmere:PCP should never be used by human beings for any reason. It is mentally damaging and cancause a separation from reality, most like a psychotic condition. Using PCP can put the user in adream-like or nightmare condition. The PCP effects on the user can be misleading. Some PCPusers have become very violent, acting with intense amounts of energy. Later they are sometimesunaware of their violence. PCP can make a person experience nightmares while the are standingup with their eyes opened and even talking to someone. The PCP user can see very upsetting anddisturbing pictures they believe to be happening right there and then. The user can believe theyare being attacked. Tragically, PCP is also a pain killer and the user can badly injure themselveswithout "feeling" it.

PCP and triggers:This condition can be retriggered later in life by stress and heat from exercise. PCP effects aretherefore long term as well. The long term effects of PCP are directly related to its chemicalnature. The byproducts of the drug in the body are stored in fatty cells and other tissues. Thesebyproducts can retrigger years after when the person least expects it. The nightmare can return.PCP effects are best handled by a total detoxification of the body's fat cells. Drug users or drugaddicts who have used PCP should really plan a way to get themselves detoxified from the longterm effects of PCP in a safe and relatively fast manner.

To learn more on how we can help you end your addiction and how we can aleviate thediscomfort of drug withdrawal, Call us now on our toll free number.

pcp outline for power point =3

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