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PCIe In Industrial Application
C.C. Wu Embedded Flash VP of innodisk
Flash Memory Summit 2014 Santa Clara, CA
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Agenda
Flash Storage for Industrial Applications Generations of Storage Interface
• IDE • SATA • Other Interfaces
PCIe Interface & Form factor Summary
NAND Flash Process
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015process(nm) 60 50 42 34 27 24 21 19 19 15
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10
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40
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60
70
Proc
ess
process(nm)
SLC
MLC
Flash Performance
High Speed Performance: DDR2 Interface
Source by www.onfi.org
Performance 19/20nm flash supports 400Mbps
Source by www.onfi.org
High-Speed Flash
The speed of Flash Interface is not a bottleneck anymore.
You can design a high speed SSD with the Flash that is currently available on the market. It’s time to move to the next-gen interface for SSDs.
Flash For Industrial Applications
SLC High demand for devices under 2GB. • Embedded OS drive • Higher reliability • Better lifespan
MLC High demand for devices over 32GB. • Application data drive • Higher SSD capacity • Cost-driven orientation
Industrial PC
POS
Military Equipment
Networking
Automation
Gaming
Digital Signage
surveillance
Many Different Interfaces Are Used For Industrial Applications
All Interfaces Will Remain In Demand For A Few More Years.
Industrial products • have a lifespan of more than 5 years. • cover a large range of different applications. • Small form factors are required due to limited
space. • SATA is the dominant interface currently.
What is next?
SSD Form Factor Evolution, 1995 - 2003
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95
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Jan
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99
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03
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CompactFlash Revision 1.0, 8.3 MByte/s (PIO mode 2)
Revision 1.0a was released on 7 January, 2003 150MB/s, 1.5G
In 2003, PCI-SIG introduced PCIe 1.0a, with a per-lane data rate of 250 MB/s and a transfer rate of 2.5G
In 1999, SanDisk, Matsushita, and Toshiba agreed to develop and market the Secure Digital (SD) Memory Card
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mSATA was announced by the SATA-IO on 21 September, 2009
SATA Slim by JEDEC
500MB/s, 5GT/s PCI-SIG announced the availability of the PCI Express Base 2.0 specification on 15 January 2007
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07
SATA revision 2.0 - 3 Gbit/s - 300 MB/s. 2
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SATA revision 3.0 - 6 Gb/s - 600 MB/s. 2
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PCIE Gen 3, 1GB/s, 8GT/s announced
SSD Form Factor Evolution, 2006 – 2010
M.2 (NGFF) By Intel 2
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SATA Express on 2011
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SSD Form Factor Evolution, 2011 & 2012
The Evolution Continues…
PCIe Interface Gen Transfer Rate Encoding x1 x16
1.0 2.5GT/s 8b/10b 250MB/s 4GB/s
2.0 5.0GT/s 8b/10b 500MB/s 8GB/s
3.0 8.0GT/s 128b/130b 1GB/s 16GB/s
4.0 16GT/s 2GB/s ~32GB/s
PCIe performance
PCIe I/F Gen 2 x 2 or Gen 3 x 1
Gen 2 x 4 or Gen 3 x 2 Gen 3 x 4
Theoretical Speed 1GB/s 2GB/s 4GB/s
SSD Real Speed 800~900 MB/s 1600~1800 MB/s 3200~3600 MB/s
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PCIe SSD
M.2
SFF 8639
SATA Express
Mini PCIe
Cloud Computing
Sever
Data Center
Ultrabook
Enterprise serviceability
52-pin card edge type connector PCIe 3.0 x16; 16GB/s
NGFF: 2242/2260/2280
PCI Express 3.0 ×2; 2GB/s
PCI Express 3.0 ×4; 4GB/s
PCIe Form Factor
2.5” SSD Trend
2.5” SATA SSD 600MB/s(SATA
III)
2.5” SATA Express
1GB/s(Gen2x2) 2GB/s (Gen3x2)
2.5” SFF-8639 2GB/s(Gen2x4) 4GB/s(Gen3x4)
SATA Express(F1)
SATA Express is designed for Desktop Applications
Source: https://www.sata-io.org/
SATA Express Client SSD
Trend: SFF-8639 Connector(F2)
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• Enterprise backplane connector for 2.5” storage connects PCIe, SATA*, and SAS* devices
• SFF-8639: Supports 6 lanes, but only 4 lanes are used at one time
• PCIe: 4 red lanes on CPU PCIe lanes • SATA & SAS: 2 blue lanes on HBA/RAID controller or
chipset
• Compatible with SATA and SAS devices
miniPCIe(F4) Over the years, module form factors and interface protocols have evolved and changed along with chipsets, but most industrial manufacturers are still using the miniPCIe form factor for various modules, including wireless devices, Bluetooth, some communication devices, and even for storage– mSATA. The miniPCIe form factor is suited for space-constrained applications and swap-ability (swapping different miniPCIe modules could bring more benefit in flexibility of product matrix).
M.2 (NGFF)(F5)
Socket 2: PCIe x2 / SATA
Socket 1
Socket 3: PCIe x4 / SATA
2242 SSD & Cache
2260 SSD & Cache
2280 SSD
22110 SSD
Objective: Make three sockets available for Notebooks, Ultrabooks™ & Tablets Support Interfaces: PCIe/USB/SDIO/UART/PCM/I2C/SATA
• Socket 1: Connectivity • Socket 2: An SSD cache/
WWAN / Other slot
• Socket 3: SSD high performance
PCIe Interface SSD
Mini PCIe M.2 SFF-8639 PCIe SSD(Card)
2.5” SATA Express SSD
2.5” PCIe SSD
Specification PCI-SIG PCI-SIG M.2 SATA Express SFF-8639
PCI-Express
Dimensions
(L) 50.8mm (W) 29.8mm (H) 4.4mm
2280/22110 2242/2260 mm
(L) 100.45 mm (W) 69.85 mm (H) 5/7mm
(L) 100.45 mm (W) 69.85 mm (H) 7mm
(L) 176.65mm (W)111.15mm
Speed(Gen3) 1GT/s 1GTx4=4GT/s 1Gtx2=2GT/s 1GTx4=4GT/s 1GTx16=16GT/s
Lanes
1 1,2,4 1,2 1,2,4 1-16
Summary
More on the PCIe Interface:
• SFF-8639 will be 2.5” connector
• M.2 will become the next popular form factor for industrial application.
• SATA Express is designed for desktop PC now, and industrial field may use it in near future.
• PCIe SSD (Card) is still used for high IOPS server applications
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