PC Support & RepairChapter 10Security

Objectives•After completing this chapter, you will meet these

objectives:▫Explain why security is important. ▫Describe security threats. ▫Identify security procedures. ▫Identify common preventive maintenance techniques

for security. ▫Troubleshoot security.

Why is Security Important?

Describe Security Threats•Define adware, spyware, and phishing. •Define viruses, worms, Trojans, and Rootkits.•Explain web security. •Explain Denial of Service (DoS). •Describe spam and popup windows. •Explain social engineering. •Explain TCP/IP attacks. •Explain hardware deconstruction and recycling.

Malware•Software to create malicious acts▫Adware, spyware, grayware, viruses, worms, Trojan

horses, rootkits•Usually installed without user knowledge

•Open extra windows, changes computer’s config, redirect browser, collect info, etc.

Adware•Displays ads on computer▫Usually in pop ups▫Pops up faster than you can close

•Comes in software you download

Spyware•Similar to adware•Distributed w/out you

knowing•Monitors computer

activity▫Sends info to creator

Grayware•Similar to adware•May be malicious•Sometimes installed WITH your

consent▫Downloading software that

installs a toolbar that displays ads or tracks your web history

Phishing•Pretends to be legit▫Bank

•Email, phone, or text contact▫Ask to verify password or account to prevent

something bad from happening▫Through link to real-looking web page

Try This…

Virus•Malicious intent•Spreads by email, file

transfer, IM•Attached to software,

documents, or code▫Some can lay dormant

•Executes when program runs/opens▫Can corrupt or delete files▫Some capture keystrokes

Worm•Self-replicating program•Duplicates across network w/out you knowing▫Doesn’t need to attach to program

•Ties up bandwidth of network▫Can’t perform normal network functions

Trojan Horse•Hidden in software▫“Appears” to be

something good•Can reproduce & spread▫Loss of data▫Infect other computers

Virus, Torjan, Worm

Anti-Virus Software• Can detect, disable, and remove viruses, worms, and

Trojans • YOU must be sure to apply updates (virus signature

files), patches, etc.

• Have a security policy at company•Maintenance schedule•Make employees aware of opening email attachments

• Name some AV software

Rootkits•Malicious program•Gains full access to computer•Uses known vulnerability or password to get admin

access• Is able to hide the files, registry edits, and folders

that it uses from detection by typical virus or spyware programs▫Very difficult to detect because it has the rights to

control and modify security programs•May have to reinstall OS to get rid of it

Review- 4Q•What places ads on the desktop without you doing

anything?▫Adware

• Name two types of malware.▫Adware, spyware, grayware, virus, worm, Trojan, rootkit

•What program is self-replicating?▫Worm

• How do you make sure your AV software can protect you from the latest viruses?▫Download the latest virus updates

Review- 3Q•Which attack comes by email and directs you to a

web page to enter personal info?▫Phishing

•Which software is installed on your computer w/out your knowing when you download a program and it displays product “windows” on the screen?▫Adware

•What ties up the networks bandwidth?▫Worm

Web Security•Certain useful web tools can be exploited▫ActiveX▫Java▫JavaScript▫Adobe Flash ▫Microsoft Silverlight

•Browsers set to “ask” you to authorize when you encounter these

Web Security•Pop-up blocker•SmartScreen Filter▫Detects phishing sites,

analyzes sites for suspicious items, checks sites & downloads a list of sites and files that are known to be malicious

▫In IE, on by default

InPrivate Browsing•Prevents the browser from storing :▫Usernames▫Passwords▫Cookies▫Browsing history▫Temporary Internet files▫Form data

Spam•Unsolicited junk mail•Can include harmful links,

malicious programs, or other bad content

•Email/AV software can detect it▫No subject line ▫Incomplete return address ▫Computer generated e-mail ▫Return e-mail not sent by the user

Denial of Service (DoS)•Prevents users from accessing services on network▫System is busy responding to the large amounts of

requests; Resources get overloaded & shut down•PING OF DEATH▫Many, large pings

•EMAIL BOMB▫Large amounts of bulk email overloads server

•DDoS▫Uses infected “zombie” computers to launch attacks▫Zombies are all over the place; can’t trace attack

DoS/ DDoS

DoS

Other Attacks through TCP/IP•Spoofing▫Gains access to resources on devices by pretending to

be a trusted computer▫Uses forged IP/MAC

•Man-in-the-middle▫Intercepts or inserts false information in traffic

between two hosts

Other Attacks through TCP/IP•SYN Flood▫A SYN request

initializes TCP communication

▫This ties up the server by it replying to nothing

Social Engineering•Person who can gain access to equipment or network

by tricking people▫Get their username/password

•Pretend technician, Look over shoulders, Look through desks,

Hardware Destruction• Data wiping ▫Used to remove sensitive data

Formatting is not enough▫Overwrites data multiple times

• Hard drive destruction ▫Shatter platters with hammer▫Shred CD’s & floppies

• Hard drive recycling (no sensitive data)▫Format & reuse or donate

Review- 3Q• A visitor at your work looks over your shoulder & sees

your password. They then go home & use it to access the network. What is this called?▫Social engineering

•Which attack uses zombies all over to overwhelm/flood servers?▫DDoS

• The IRS is replacing their computers. What should you do to the old hard drives to protect any sensitive data before you recycle the PC’s?▫Destroy with a hammer

Review- 3Q•Which attack tricks you into entering your personal

info through email and a spoofed web site?▫Phishing

•What is the proper way to remove personal data from a hard drive that does not contain sensitive info?▫Data wiping

•What attack gets the info before it gets to its destination?▫Man-in-the-middle

Protecting Data

Security Policy• Includes:▫ An acceptable computer usage statement for the organization.▫ The people permitted to use the computer equipment.▫ Devices that are permitted to be installed on a network, as well as the

conditions of the installation. Modems and wireless access points are examples of hardware that could expose the network to attacks.

▫ Requirements necessary for data to remain confidential on a network.▫ Process for employees to acquire access to equipment and data. This

process may require the employee to sign an agreement regarding company rules. It also lists the consequences for failure to comply.

• Should describe how to address security issues

Project•10.2.1.2•Do as a class

Username & Password•Change defaults

•Use a naming convention for users▫EX: jsmith

•Don’t use other users login info

3 Levels of Passwords to Protect Data•BIOS password▫Prevents BIOS changes & OS access

• Login password

•Network password

Password Requirements•Should contain a mix of upper/lower case letters,

numbers, and symbols•Should expire/change after a specific period of time• Lockout rules apply after unsuccessful attempts

•Rules should state:▫Username naming convention (jsmith)▫When passwords expire & when they will lockout

•Standards should prevent users from writing down passwords and exposing them to public view

Protect Data•Firewall▫Allows/denies traffic to & from

network•Smart Card▫Plastic card with chip▫Stores information

•Biometrics▫Fingerprint, eye, facial, etc.

•Key fob

Data Backups•Full weekly or monthly▫Then frequent partial

•Should be stored off-site

•Protect backup with password

Data Encryption- EFS•EFS (Encrypting File System) in Windows▫Can encrypt files or folders▫Can only be opened by the user who encrypted them

or by an administrator▫Right-click on file/folder, Properties, Advanced, Encrypt

Data Encryption- BitLocker in Windows•Used to encrypt entire hard drive▫1st- initialize TPM in BIOS▫2nd- turn on BitLocker in CP Security

•Windows 7 uses BitLocker on Ultimate & Enterprise▫Needs a TPM (Trusted Platform Module) on the

motherboard to store the encrypted keys OR a flash drive to store the keys

•BitLocker is 128-bit encryption•Windows 7 BitLocker can be used for flash drives too▫Right-click on the drive and enable BitLocker

Review- Q

Protection Against Malicious Software

Protection• Virus protection▫ An antivirus program runs automatically in background & monitors for

problems▫ When virus is detected, user is warned & program attempts to

quarantine or delete virus• Spyware protection▫ Antispyware programs scan for keyloggers, which capture your

keystrokes, and other malware so that it can be removed• Adware protection▫ Anti-adware looks for programs that display ads on computer

• Phishing protection▫ Antiphishing programs block the IP addresses of known phishing

websites and warn you about suspicious websites

The Rogue Antivirus•The AD that says you have a virus• Looks like a Windows warning•DON’T CLICK ANYTHING!▫Close tab/browser/Alt+F4

Removing a Virus• Identify what’s happening•Disconnect from the network•Boot to Safe Mode & scan (or install AV)▫May need Safe Mode with Networking▫Use other tools

•Delete system restore files after cleaned•Customer in a hurry?▫Remove HD & connect to external dock▫Copy data they need to another PC

Signature File Updates•Get your updates for your AV software•Auto update

Review- Q

Security Techniques

Wireless Security•SSID (Service Set Identifier)▫Name of wireless network▫Change & disable the broadcast

•MAC address filter▫Only listed MAC addresses allowed/prevented

•Encrypt & authenticate data▫WEP (weak)▫WPA (better)▫WPA2 (best)

Use TKIP or AES

Project•PT Lab 10.2.4.5▫Configure WPA2 in the Linksys WRT300N▫Configure MAC Filtering in the Linksys WRT300N▫Configure Single Port Forwarding in the Linksys

WRT300N

•Wireless Lab▫Configure WAP▫Set up MAC Filtering

Review•A fingerprint reader is what kind of security?▫Biometrics

•Which wireless security should you use when you have all Cisco equipment?▫LEAP

•Where should backups be stored?▫Off-site

•How should a telecommuter send secure data to the company while traveling?▫Through a VPN

Review•To secure your wireless network you should disable

this & enable this…▫Disable the SSID broadcast▫Enable WPA encryption

•T or F. Passwords should be text only.•T or F. You should set a password lockout rule.•What hardware/software security method on the

motherboard supports storing encryption keys, digital certificates, and passwords?▫TPM

Review•What was the 1st wireless encryption, which is also

the weakest?▫WEP

•This Cisco encryption is just as strong as WPA2.▫LEAP

•What security method has a chip on a card?▫Smart Card

•What wireless security method will ensure ONLY your computers are accessing the network?▫MAC address filtering

Protecting Physical Equipment

Protecting Equipment•Physical▫Cable locks▫Locked rooms▫Security cages▫Alarms▫Web cams

•Access▫Card keys▫Biometrics ▫Security guards

Activity

Preventive Maintenance for Security

Installing Patches & Service Packs•Usually to fix security holes▫Windows XP had a lot of them!

1. Create a restore point2. Check for updates3. Download4. Install5. Make sure it works

Data Backups•Use Windows Backups, manual or scheduled•Backup & Restore in CP

Troubleshooting•Complete Handout

Summary•Security threats can come from inside or outside of

an organization.•Viruses and worms are common threats that attack

data.•Develop and maintain a security plan to protect both

data and physical equipment from loss.•Keep operating systems and applications up to date

and secure with patches and service packs.

Review- 11 Questions

PC Support & RepairChapter 10Security