PC Operating Systems

section 6b

• UNIX

• DOS

• The Macintosh Operating System

• Windows 3.x

• OS/2 Warp

• Windows NT

• Windows 95 and 98

• Linux

• Windows 2000

This lesson includes the following sections:

• UNIX is the oldest operating system used on PCs.

• UNIX was the first multi-user, multiprocessor, multitasking operating system available for use on PCs.

• UNIX-initially development by Bell Labs in the 1970s. Bell Labs distributed the source code and allow users to modify it.

• Two major families of UNIX•System V: development by AT&T•BSD UNIX: development by UC. Berkeley

• Most versions of UNIX use a command-line interface, but some versions offer a GUI.

UNIX

• To make UNIX more user-friendly, developer have created windows-based GUI for UNIX

•MOTIF•OpenLook•All based on a windows standard called X-windows

UNIX

• DOS dominated the operating system market during the 1980s.

• DOS is a single-user OS that supports only 640 KB of memory.

• DOS features a command-line interface, and does not support multitasking or multiprocessing.

• Because DOS provides no interface restrictions, DOS applications can look and function differently.

DOS

An Application Running Under DOS

• The Macintosh OS supports the graphical nature of the Macintosh computer.

• The Mac OS brought the first truly graphical user interface to consumers.

• The Mac OS also brought interface conformity to the desktop. All applications running under the Mac OS, therefore, provided the same "look and feel" to the user.

The Macintosh Operating System

• Windows 3.0, 3.1, and 3.11 (Windows for Workgroups) are called the Windows 3.x family.

• Windows 3.x brought a GUI and multitasking capabilities to PCs running DOS.

• Windows 3.x is an operating environment because it ran on top of DOS, which was the actual OS.

Windows 3.x

• OS/2 Warp was the first true GUI-based operating system for Intel-based PCs.

• OS/2 is a multitasking OS that provides support for networking and multiple users.

• It was the first PC OS to feature built-in speech recognition capabilities.

OS/2 Warp

• Microsoft's Windows NT (New Technology) was meant as a replacement for DOS, but was too resource- intensive to work on most PCs at the time of its release.

• Microsoft issued two versions of Windows NT—Windows NT Workstation and Windows NT Server.

• NT is a very powerful and robust OS, resistant to system crashes.

Windows NT

• Windows NT runs on system that use Intel, AMD, Cyrix, Alpha, PowerPC, and other RISC-based processors.

• Windows NT Workstation is typically used for individual, stand-alone PCs.

• NT Workstation incorporates•Greater security:

•Account•File protection: NTFS (NT File System)

•Fault tolerance:•Disk mirroring

Windows NT Workstation

Windows NT Workstation 4.0

• Windows NT Server•Designed for file server, print server, and network server

• Incorporate all the features of Windows NT

• Support RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

•Disk duplexing•Disk striping•Disk mirroring

Windows NT Server

• Windows 95 was Microsoft's first true GUI-based, 32-bit operating system for Intel PCs.

• Difference between Windows 3.x and Windows 95•32-bit OS (Operating System) •Preemptive multitasking v.s. cooperative multitasking•Improved graphical interface•Offer a Plug and Play standard

Windows 9x

Windows 95 was designed primarily to run 32-bit applications, but it would run older 16-bit applications designed for Windows 3.x and DOS

• Windows 98's features include advanced Internet capabilities, an improved user interface, and enhanced file system performance, among others.•Active Desktop

•Let you browse the Internet and local computer in a similar manner

•Windows Update•FAT32-a 32-bit implementation of the FAT file system

Windows 98

• Linux is a recently developed version of UNIX, which is available for free or at a very low cost from various sources.

• Linux is a very powerful 32-bit OS that supports multitasking, multiple users, networking, and virtually any application.

• Linux can run on nearly any type of computer.

• Because of its power and openness, Linux is attracting many users, including students, teachers, Internet service providers, and others.

Linux

• Windows 2000 features the same interface and features of Windows 98, with the file system, networking, power, and stability of Windows NT.

• Several versions of Windows 2000 are available, each targeting a specific user or computing environment, from home PCs to large enterprise networks.

•Professional: SMP (symmetric multiprocessing with up to two processors)•Server Standard Edition: network server for the average business•Advanced Server: SMP with up to four processors•Data Center Server: for large-application server

Windows 2000

• Windows XP is available in two different editions•The Home edition and the Professional edition.

Windows XP

Windows .Net

• Windows .NET Enterprise Server includes

•Application Center

•BizTalk Server: building business processes

•Commerce Server: create and maintain e-commerce infrastructure

•Exchange Server: email server

•Internet Security and Acceleration Server: provides for internet connectively

Windows .Net

• Windows .NET Enterprise Server includes

•Mobile Information Server: setup and maintenance of intranet sites

•SQL server: database server

Embedded Operating System

• Embedded operating system•Built into the circuitry of an electron device•Unlike PC that resides on a magnetic disk

• PalmOS

• Windows CE: Microsoft version of an embedded system

• Pocket PC OS: A specific type of operating system that Microsoft developed to user on smaller versions of handheld computers.

Palm

lesson 6b review

• List all the major PC operating systems.

• Identify some of the limitations of DOS.

• List two features that made the Macintosh OS popular.

• Differentiate between the terms operating environment and operating system.

• List the various versions of Windows.