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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

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Page 1: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Page 2: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Operating Procedures

• Standard Operating Procedures for: • Normal operations

• Non-normal (contingency) operations

• Procedures should follow those laid down by the manufacturer

• General aviation pilots should have adequate checklists

2 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 2

Image: Tim Beach / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Note: Operating procedures for stand-alone receivers may be significantly different to FMS and must be thoroughly understood

Page 3: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Normal Operations

• Flight Planning

• Pre-flight

• Prior to commencing PBN operations

• During PBN operations

3 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 3

Image: Tim Beach / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Page 4: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Flight Planning/Pre-flight

• Flight Plan Field 18

• Current navigation database

• Navaid availability

• GNSS availability

• Action in the event of loss of PBN capability

• Serviceability/MEL

4 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 4

Page 5: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Filing a Flight Plan

5 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 5

Identify which to PBN NAV spec “approvals” you hold for each phase of flight (from Oceanic to Approach)

File “R” for PBN in Item 10

Enter “PBN/” in Item 18 and apply the rules to reduce the number of indicators in item 18 (max 8)

Identify the specific NAV equipment supporting each Nav Spec and file in Item 10 ensuring conformity with the content of Item 18

1

4

3

2

Page 6: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Filing a Flight Plan

6 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 6

All

perm

itted

se

nsor

s

GN

SS

DM

E/D

ME

VOR

/DM

E

DM

E/D

ME/

IR

U

(or I

NS

/IRS

fo

r B5)

Oceanic RNAV 10 A1 RNP 4 L1

En-Route RNAV 5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 RNAV 2 C1 C2 C3 C4 RNAV 1 D1 D2 D3 D4

Terminal RNAV 1 D1 D2 D3 D4 RNP 1 O1 O2 O3 O4

Final RNP APCH S1 RNP APCH with Baro VNAV S2 RNP AR APCH with RF T1 RNP AR APCH without RF T2

Identify all relevant codes by flight phase and sensor equipage.se.

Page 7: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Filing a Flight Plan

7 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 7

If codes were identified in Step 1: • R must be in Item 10

• “PBN/..” must be filed in Item 18

Page 8: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Filing a Flight Plan

8 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 8

Apply the following rules to reduce the number of indicators in Field 18 (max 16 characters) • For RNAV 10 and RNP 4, file A1 or L1 • RNAV 5:

• File B1 instead of B2, B3, B4, B5 • For RNAV 2, RNAV 1 and RNP 1:

• File C4, D4 or O4 if DME/DME and DME/DME/IRU capable e.g. file C4 if C3 and C4 apply, D4 for D3 and D4, O4 for O3 and O4

• If “all sensors but IRU” capable and all sensors allowed, then only file C1, D1 or O1 e.g. file C1 for C2 and C3, D1 for D2 and D3, O1 for O2 and O3.

• For RNP APCH only file S1 or S2 (subject to capability) • For RNP AR APCH only file T1 or T2 (subject to capability)

Page 9: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Prior to Commencing PBN Operations

• Correct procedure loaded from database

• Cross-check against chart • Correct route

• Key elements

• Appropriate sensor signals acquired

• RNP selected

• Contingency procedures

9 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 9

Warning: Incorrect procedure selection is a common crew error and a significant safety risk.

Page 10: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

• Follow manufacturer's instructions/procedures

• Appropriate displays selected • Particularly where necessary to ensure adequate FTE monitoring

• Use authorized method of flight control • (CDI/HSI/Map Display/Flight Director/Autopilot)

• Monitor lateral and vertical tolerances • Discontinue approach if limits exceeded

• Discontinue operation if alerted

10 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 10

During PBN Operations

Page 11: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Non-normal Operations

Actions in the event of a contingency: • Advise ATC

• Navigation errors

• Unexpected deviations from the lateral or vertical flight path

• Significant misleading information

• Total loss of navigation equipment

• Multiple failures of navigation equipment

• Ground-based navaids significant error

11 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 11

Page 12: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Post Flight

• Operator should have a system of crew reporting: • Significant navigation errors

• Operations outside normal parameters

• Equipment failures

• Navigation database errors

• Crew comments

• Report serious incidents to CAA

12 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 12

Note: RNP AR APCH requires specific reporting to CAA

Page 13: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Flight Crew Training

The amount and type of training required for flight crews depends on:

• Previous training and experience

• Complexity of operations

• Aircraft equipment

13 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 13

In many cases flight crews have relevant operating experience and only the differences associated with PBN requirements require training

Page 14: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Core Training

• Area navigation principles

• Navigation systems principles (e.g. GNSS)

• Equipment operation and functionality

• Flight planning

• Operating procedures

• Monitoring and alerting

• Limitations

14 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 14

Many pilots successfully conduct area navigation operations but have not completed any formal training. Any deficiencies should be addressed during

operational approval

Page 15: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Common Elements

15 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

• Flight planning and use of PBN suffixes

• Chart depiction and procedure description

• Checking navigation databases

• Capabilities and limitations of navigation system • Sensors, sensor selection/exclusion, system prioritization and effects of

updating/loss

• Levels of automation

• Functional integration with other systems

• Alerts, reversions and degradation

• Interpretation of displays and symbols

• Resolution of route discontinuities

Page 16: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Common Elements • Aircraft configuration and operational conditions required to support

PBN operations (CDI scaling, etc)

• Monitoring procedures including across track deviation.

• Interacting with the procedures • Select procedure/route from the database

• Modify flight plan

• Fly direct

• Rejoin after radar vector

• Intercept track

• Holding

• Perform parallel off-set (not required for RNAV10, RNAV 5)

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Page 17: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Common Elements

• Flying the procedure • Fly-by, fly-over, RF and FRT turns

• Managing the vertical profile

• Adhering to speed, time and altitude constraints

• R/T Phraseology

• PBN-related airspace management and ATC procedures

• Contingency procedures

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Page 18: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Specific Training • RNP APCH

• Charting/terminology

• Stand-alone vs FMS operations

• Operating tolerances

• Baro VNAV • Barometric principles

• Limitations

• RNP AR APCH • RNP selection

• RF Turns

• Navaid deselection

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NOTE: Only a few selected examples are noted here. Specific training for each type

of operation must include all relevant topics

Page 19: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Training • Training requirements listed in each navigation specification

• Training must be based upon the company operating procedures

• Training method can vary • Self study courses

• Web-based

• Classroom

• Simulator

• Initial training

• Upgrade training

• Recurrent training

19 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course 19

Page 20: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Documentation

• Training programme must be fully documented.

• Records of completed training must also be maintained for all flight crew, dispatchers and, where applicable, maintenance staff.

20 20 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

En-Route/Oceanic RNP 10, RNP 4, RNP 2, RNAV 5

• Core training

• Ground training

• Flight training (airborne or simulator) not required

• Line training/conversion training normally sufficient

21 21 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Note: Air carrier pilots generally have relevant en-route navigation experience. General aviation pilots or pilots without relevant area navigation experience may require additional training

Page 22: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Arrival & Departure RNAV 1 and 2, RNP 1, RNP 2

• Core training

• Ground training

• Flight training (airborne or simulator) not required

• Line training/conversion training normally sufficient

22 22 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Note: General aviation pilots or pilots operating stand-alone receivers may require specific training to manage

equipment functionality limitations (VNAV)

Page 23: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

RNP APCH RNP APCH LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LPV

• Core training

• Ground training (Baro VNAV, SBAS etc.,)

• Flight training (airborne or simulator) usually required

• Proficiency check recommended

23 23 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Note: Many operators do not consider flight training is required based on previous approach experience. Flight training/proficiency checks

should be required unless the operator can demonstrate thorough crew competency. Inspectors should conduct line checks before granting

approvals in such cases

Page 24: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

RNP APCH

24 24 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

STAND-ALONE RECEIVERS

Training for pilots operating stand-alone GNSS recceivers requires particular attention

There are significant human factors considerations and

normally multiple in-flight training exercises are required to obtain proficiency

Attention should be placed on in-flight re-programming,

holding, missed approach, multiple approaches and navigation system operation and functionality.

Page 25: PBN Operations Approval Operating Procedures/Documentation/Training … · PBN Operational Approval Operating Procedures & Training . ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course . ICAO PBN

ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

RNP AR APCH • Core training

• Ground training (Baro VNAV, RF legs etc.,)

• Flight training (airborne or simulator) required

• Proficiency check recommended

25 25 ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Note: Thorough ground and flight training is mandatory for all RNP AR APCH operations

Tip: It is often more efficient to combine training for RNP APCH LNAV/VNAV to be combined with RNP AR

APCH training as many elements are common.

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ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course

Questions???

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