ByHill Gendoet Hartono

Alur diskusi :

PendahuluanTectonic SettingGenerasi MagmaKlasifikasi

Regim TektonikDiagram Fase

Mid Test

Rock Forming MineralKimia Mineral Pembentuk BatuanPetrologi Batuan BekuPetrologi Batuan Gunungapi

Sem TestEvaluasi

Pustaka :

The evolution of the igneous rocks, 1979By: H.S. Yoder, Jr. (Ed.)

Basic analytical petrology, 1989By: P.C. Ragland

Igneous petrogenesis: a global tectonicsapproach, 1989By: M. Wilson

Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation, 1993 By: H.R. Rollinson

Batuangunungapi

KimiawiBatuan

Gunungapi

KimiawiKristal

(klinopiroksen)

Serigunungapi

Serigunungapi

Petrografi

LingkunganTektonik

Studi petrologi gunungapiPenunjang lingkungan tektonik

 

Volcanism at divergent and convergent plate margins. Courtesy of USGS.

VOLCANISM AT PLATE TECTONIC BOUNDARIES

 

World map showing plate boundaries (blue lines), the distribution of recent earthquakes (yellow dots) and active volcanoes (red triangles). Courtesy of NASA.

DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES

Crust 0 to 40 km

0°C

Upper Mantle40 to 670 km

1,000°C

Lower Mantle670 to 2,890 km

2,000°C Outer Core2,890 to 5,150 km

3,700°C

Inner Core5,150 to 6,370 km

4,300°C

.

Minerals make up rocks.

Natural compounds and elements combine to form minerals.

Elements combine to form the natural compounds.

Rocks make up the Earth.

There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology

SERI BOWEN VS

MINERAL PEMBENTUK BATUAN

weathering

melting

pres

sure

, hea

t

Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous

The RRoocck k CCyycclle e explains how RocksRocks and Natural ProcessesNatural Processes

are related

Bowen’s reaction series &The igneous rock forming minerals

olivin

piroksin

hornblende

biotit

plagioklas

muskovit

kuarsa

 SiO2 CONTENT  MAGMA TYPE  VOLCANIC ROCK

 ~50%  Mafic  Basalt

 ~60%  Intermediate  Andesite

 ~65%  Felsic (low Si)  Dacite

 ~70%  Felsic (high Si)  Rhyolite

MAGMA COMPOSITION AND ROCK TYPES

 SiO2 MAGMA

TYPETEMPERATURE(centigrade)  VISCOSITY  GAS

CONTENT ERUPTION

STYLE

 ~50% mafic ~1100  low low nonexplosive

 ~60% intermediate  ~1000  intermediate  intermediate  intermediate

 ~70% felsic  ~800 high  high  explosive

CONTROLS ON EXPLOSIVITY

   

 VOLCANOTYPE

 VOLCANOSHAPE  COMPOSITION  ERUPTION

TYPE

 SCORIA CONE Straight sides with steep slopes; large

summit crater

 Basalt tephra; occasionally andesitic  Strombolian

 SHIELD VOLCANO Very gentle slopes; convex upward

 Basalt lava flows  Hawaiian

 STRATOVOLCANOGentle lower slopes,

but steep upper slopes; concave

upward; small summit crater

 Highly variable; alternating basaltic to

rhyolitic lavas and tephra with an overall andesite composition

 Plinian

MAIN VOLCANO TYPES

Bas-plot

Cox-plot

Irvine-plot

piroksin

Gabro

Dott, 1964

Pembundaran

Maturity

wentworth