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ond Based TilapiaHatchery

Management

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Agriculture

BUREAU OF FISHERIES AN A!UATI" RESOUR"ES

National Fresh#ater Fisheries Technology "enter

CLSU Compound, Science City of Muo, !ue"a #ci$a

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Demand for reliable source of %ngerlings constantlydri"es ne& technologies that can raise yields andmeet the nutritional demands of a gro&ingpopulation'

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Hatchery Operatorsm$st ha%e&

are &illing to adopt ne&technologies and betterstrains if these are madea"ailable to them'

necessary education,and ade(uate years ofe)perience

tenure security

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Introd$ction

Simplest and most commonmethod of %ngerlingproduction

*reeders are stoc+ed intoponds and allo&ed to spa&nnaturally

ingerlings are collected -.days after stoc+ing ofbreeders

After /0 to 01 days, ponds arecompletely drained 2reconditioned

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Ad%antages o' Pond()asedHatchery Method

3he management is "ery simple

3he pond ser"es as spa&ning and rearingpond, thus the %ngerlings produced are larger

3he operational cost are lo&

!o supplemental feeding is re(uired at highrates of fertiliation

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isad%antages o' Pond )asedHatchery Method

3he number of %ngerlings produced pers(uare meter is lesser

3he %ngerlings produced are not of thesame sie and needed to be graded uponhar"esting

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Operational Procedures

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PON PREPARATION 4-50 but not more than .0days6 Seining prior to total draining

Conditioning of breeders 4Segregation of 7 and 86

Pond harro&ing 9 pond le"elling

Pest elimination

Pond drying 9 &eeding

Chec+ :-; inlet and gate board 9 screen

Monitoring of the soil p: 4Liming 4optional6

Screening of &ater inlet and outlet

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PON PREPARATION4-50 but not more than .0 days6

A* Pond drainingto collect all stocksto eliminate predators & unwanted species

to remove excess mud & dirt

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if ponds cannot be dried out completely it should be treated (7-10 days prior to stocking toeliminate predatory fish or other pests

!ommon pond treatments"

a# tea seed cake

b# rotenone

c# tobacco dust$powder

* Pest Elimination

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Tea seed ca+e,po#der

a good type of pond-cleaning agent in

a%uaculture and of snail-killing agent in paddy

planting#

enhances microorganism reproductionimproves soil structure strengthens soil fertility

'ecommended application rate" 100-00kg#$ha

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ROTENONE

odorless chemical ser"e asinsecticide, piscicide andpesticide

)0g$ha mix extract with water spray on ponds at ) cm water

depth

let it stand for *-+ days thenflush w$ fresh water or leave the pond undisturbed

for a week

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TOBA""O UST PO-ER

promotes the gro&th of >lablab? and useas >molluscicide? at the same time toeliminate snails and other pest

en"ironment5 friendly 4free from chemical

residues6 011+g9ha'

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"* .e%eling o' pond )ottom

to slope towards the drainage structure toensure complete drainagecultivation makes sub-surface nutrients

available at the surface for the growth of

natural food

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* Pond drying to help eliminate toxic gases

essential especially when mud deposit inbottom is already thick

periodic drying stabili,e soil colloids &

oxidi,es organic matters that enhancegrowth of natural food

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10-0g$m or 100-00kg$ha

eutrali,es acid soil

(soil should have a p.

value of /#)-#0

optimum for primary

reproduction analy,e pond soil at

least once a year

E* Application o' .ime /asneeded0

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Application o' Fertili1ers

Basal

A* "hic+en man$re

.,111 +g9ha and -,111+g9ha per month *roadcast e"enly

before or after pond

%lling

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B* Inorganic (16-20-0)

.11 +g9ha and -11+g9ha permo' apply through broadcasting,

hanging sac+ method ,dissol"ed in &ater during orimmediately after pond %lling

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F* Installation o'Screens

creens on inlet and outletpipes should be replacedand repaired

2rains should be kept freeof wood trash or any otherblockages

creen water inlet$outlet toprevent entry of unwantedspecies in fry or egg form

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2* -ater 3lling

install fine meshnets in the water inlet

and outlet

maintain the waterlevel at a depth of0#+m- 0#3 meter

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"onditioning o' Breeders

after the breeding cycle (simultaneous w$ pondpreparationto restore energy depleted during the breeding

process

breeders are conditioned in separate ponds bysex

re%uired duration is weeks before stocking

stocking density- *-)pcs#$m(

complete diet feeding rate (-*4 5'fre%uency of feeding (-* x a day

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Conditioning Area

Conditioning Hapa (5x10m) Conditioning Pond

4(56pcs*,m7 8(9pcs*,m7

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Selection & Stocking of Breeders

6apilla categori,ation tocking of ready to spawn (' &swollen ( female breeders in hapa#

REA: TO SPA-N /R0

S-O..EN /S0

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Selection .

selection of ready to matemale breeders

stocking of male breedersfollow 1- days after stockingof female breeders

sex 'atio-1 male" * female

() male" 1) female

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Method Se;ratio

Stoc+ing rate

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No. per unit area method

ased from the breeders average body weight8f the breeders are"

100grams-00grams 1pc# reeder

per s%# m#

00grams-*00grams 1pc# reeder

per * s%# m#

*00grams-above 1pc# reeder

per + s%# m#

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;"ercro&ding &ill result in@

=ncrease in male aggression@ males &illha"e diculty in maintaining nest sites

=ncrease in disturbance during spa&ning

Reduction in the proportion of femalesacti"ely spa&ning

=ncreased cannibalism rate of fry by non5spa&ning females and males

!" Comp1#$esktop#Proposal#%xC% '010 raining (1st atc*)#C+rrent management ec*ni,+e of -mproed %xC% '010 roodstock

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Routine Pond Activities

Fertilization(dressing)

Organic Fertilizer011 to 01 +g9ha9&+

Inorganic Fertilizer-0 to 01 +g9ha9&ee+

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Feeding

5 *reeders are fed 5 . Eof the body &eight &ithcommercial or formulatedfeeds

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Water Quality onitoring

-9ater temperature (/-3:!- 2issolved oxygen (;)ppm

- 9ater level (0#+-0#3m

-

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Weed Control

/ec*anical (grass c+tter)

/an+al (+sing sct*e)

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Monitoring

Acti"ities of %shPresence of fry e'g'

school of fry

Mortality occurrence

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Collection of FingerlingsMaterials Needed in Harvesting of Fingerlings

Seine !et

rap !et

Seine !et

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Collection of Fingerlings

ingerlings are collected -. days afterstoc+ing of breeders by seining 4A5net6

Ponds should be seined once perhar"est period

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Conducted &ee+ly

#arly in the morningor &hen the &eatheris cool

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Collection of fingerlings

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Hauling of Fingerlings for Conditioning & Grading

Containers should not be o"erloaded 2 should behauled immediately to minimie mortality'

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=fter +)-)0 days ponds are

completely drained andreconditioned for next production

cycle#

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Fry Prod$ction in

Earthen Pond Usingip Net

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!ip net ("aterials use in #ry collection)

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Preparation for fry collection in pond (dip net)

Collection of fry 2-3 times daily (12-14 days)

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12-14 days fry collection using dip net

Fry collection in pond using dip net

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Fry collection in pond using dip net

(for transfer in nursery hapa/for grading)

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rading of collected fr

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Stocing of fry in nursery hapa

i,e of ursery hapa" )x10x1#)

tocking 2ensity of fry per s%# m#" 1000 pcs#

Feeding

5eeding of fry" 0-*04 body weight

5re%uency of feeding" +-) times a day

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Seining9har"esting of %ngerlings. cycle B -051 days

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!ata a"erage in production of fry in pond

(using dip net/ 1 cycle per pond)

=rea" 100 m

o# of female breeders stock" 100 pcs#

=9" 170 gm#

o# of male breeders stock" +00 pcs#

=9" 130 gm#ex ratio" 1"*

5ry production" +0)00 pcs#

5ingerlings production before draining" +))00 pcs#

otal prod+ction of fr# fingerlings" 2334000 pcs.

2uration of 6roduction" 3 days

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Disadvantages of Hapa Based System

Hapa method requires more management effort

Incubating systems are capital intensive

Labor intensive

High risk of loss in high winds associated with typhoons

Needs expertise

Needs repair or replacement for damaged hapasClogging of hapas

)rood 3sh in