payroll word document

7/26/2019 Payroll Word Document

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Project Abstract

The proposedPayroll Systemis aimed at providing all necessary

computer facilities for any type of operation going on in an office. It

computerizes each and every step involved in office system. This new system is

a user friendly and interactive. It deals with all types of transactions, which are

very necessary for the smooth running of an organization. In this project all

aspects from the users point of view are considered so that every user can

interact with this project very easily. It is tried to originate appropriate andgood environment in which a user can handle the whole database very

efficiently and conveniently. These fields generates large amount of information,

which would be very useful for the user who interacts with it.

One security basis, an authorization system is included. Under this, a

user will be authorized to access information contained within the database

Administrator. For example, a user must have user id & password to be

authorized. When a user enters the user id & password, then that user id and

password is matched with the user id and password already stored in the

database. In this way the data can be kept more secure & safe.

The new system is designed in such a way that every user can adapt

himself/herself in a very easy and effortless way. By adding constraints in the

database, some rules are enforced for the user to enter valid or acceptable

data. In this way it prevents the authorized user from entering the wrong and

invalid data. Likewise data constraints play a vital and indispensable Role in

maintaining and preserving all the transactions.

In this new system, any type of information related to transactions can be

obtained at any time using insert, User has to enter only one primary value of


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transaction for which he wants to seek some information. Similarly the

information of a customer contained in the database can be obtained by

choosing customer id or name only.

In case, an existing user needs help on any topic related to project or a

new user wants to know anything about the project, a help field is provided

which contains all type of help related to the project like how to add a new

record, how to edit an existing record etc.


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College Profile

This college is an inevitable part of prestigious Apeejay Education

Society. Established way back in 1982, Apeejay College of Fine Arts.

Started as college of fine arts, it soon launched a number of professional

courses. The college, from its very establishment has excelled in its purpose of

imparting quality education. Every since this college has provided the society

with quality citizens.

Students of this college have excelled not only academics but also in

sports, music, theatre and other co-curricular activities achieving heights. The

college has seen university toppers, best dancers, best singers, actors and

actresses, musicians, painters, sculptors and achievers in all fields of

education.

The college provides its students with state of the art facilities. The

laboratories are equipped with latest equipments with uninterrupted supply of

power and other needed items. The computer laboratory is equipped with good

latest hardware and software. The photography laboratory is equipped with

scanners and high quality printers. The home science, music, dance, fine arts

and the designing laboratories are provided with best possible instruments.


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The college also provides for various seminars guest lectures and other

events of carrier orientation from time to time for the proper guidance of the

students.

Apart from the regular classes, the college also holds vocational classes

for music, dance, etc. The college also encourages participation of its students

in various art workshops. The college has seen students being selected for

workshops at national and even at the international levels.

For all the facilities provided by the college counted amongst the best

institutions in the city.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With Candor and Pleasure I take opportunity to express my sincere thanks and

obligation to my esteemed guide. It is because of his able and mature guidance and co-

operation without which it would not have been possible for me to complete my

project.

It is my pleasant duty to thank all the staff member of the computer center who never

hesitated me from time during the project.

Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement & patience of my family,

and as always, nothing in my life would be possible without God, Thank You!


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Index

1.STUDY OF EXISTING SYSTEM AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

1.1.WHAT IS EXITING SYSTEM

1.2.DEFINE ITS SCOPE (OBJECTIVE)

1.3.HOW THE EXISTING SYSTEM WORK

1.4.WHAT ARE THE ISSUE /PROBLEM WITH THE EXISTING SYSTEM

1.5.HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE ON THE PROBLEMS OF EXISTING

SYSTEM

1.6.HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

1.7.TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

2.SYTEM ANALYSIS

2.1. CONTEXT DIAGRAM

2.2.DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

2.3.FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION


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3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

3.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

3.3 ER DIAGRAM

3.4 DATA DICTIONARY

3.5 TABLE DESIGN

3.6 SNAPSHOTS

4. CODING

5. TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

5. CONCLUSION

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Introduction to Payroll System

A user friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface) based softwarePayroll

Systemhas been developed for Apeejay College of Fine Arts of jalandhar city,

keeping in view the requirements of employees to prepare salary. The objective

of the project was to computerize the payroll system which was earlier being

handled manually every precaution has been taken at each process involved in

the complex task of salary preparation. By computerization it implies that all

process handling is entirely being done by computer. All the records necessary

for the processes involved in the salary calculation are stored in a computer


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based record keeping system using a back-end tool. All the processes handling

is done at the front-end by using a front-end. The project provides ample

facilities to its users. The most important of the facilities are the report

generation and printing which provides user with the hard copies of the data

also.

1.1 Features:

Preparation of salary.

Printing of Windows Based user friendly software.

Maintenance of rich electronic records of employees available at

station.

Pay bills/Pay slips.

Attendance record.

Tax calculation.

Various security features with the help of passwords.

Standard report generation.

1.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

Hardwareis the term given to the machinery itself and to the various

individual pieces of equipment. It refers to the physical devices of a computer


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system. Thus, the input, storage processing control and the output devices are

hardware.

Following are the minimum hardware and software specifications that are

required for efficient performance of the system. Using a higher configuration

than specified below can enhance the system performance further:

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

CPU Intel Pentium IV 1.80 GHz or higher

RAM 1 GB (for best performance)

Keyboard 105 Standard keys

Hard disk 10GB or higher free space

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT


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Softwaremeans a collection of program where the objective is to enhance the

capabilities of the hardware machine. The following defines the software of the

proposed system developments:

Software Specification

Operating System Window XP, Window 7, 8

ASP.NET C#

SQL Server 2008


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System Study

In system study we study the existing system and new proposed system.

In system study we study that what are the drawbacks, and limitations exist.

What are the needs of the existing system? And also study what is the new

proposed system, and how new proposed system removes the limitations and

drawbacks of the existing system. In this section we study the advantages of

the new proposed system.

2.1 Existing system

This Organization is maintaining most of their day-to-day transactions data in

the registers (i.e. manually). The employees of the Apeejay College of fine arts are doing

the whole work manually. All the work is done manually (i.e. maintained in registers)

so different employees are appointed for the maintenance of registers containing all the

information related to the organization.

It is very time consuming and is also not error free in some situations. In

existing manual system databases calculations are difficult to perform so report

generation as very much difficult.


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Drawbacks of Existing System

Generally whenever we implement a new system it is developed to

eliminate the shortcomings of an existing system. The computerized system has

more edge over the manual system. It is because of accuracy, high speed, quick

result, diligence etc.

The existing system is totally based on manual system. Existing system

has many drawbacks in comparison of computerized system. Some of the main

drawbacks of existing system are: -

1.Time Consuming:High time consumption is the main weakness of the

existing system. A lot of time is wasted in searching records from

different files, which resulted in loss of time, and moreover workload also

increases. Also a lot of time is wasted in duplicating the same entries in

different registers. The overall checking of the records and modifications

if necessary has to be made at several places which is time consuming

and error prone

2.Service and Working Conditions:With the unusual delay due to

various reasons (such as non-availability of record or absence of an

employee etc) the customer suffers a lot. Without any firm reason he has

to wait which disfigures the working conditions.


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3.Difficulties in Retrieving Information:Sometimes, to get any of any

type of instant information more than one document needs to be

searched. This requires the opening of both files and then combining the

information to get the required information. Further the files may not be

indexed according to the need, which causes difficulty in retrieving

information.

4.Difficulties in Debugging:If an error is detected in recorded information

the manual system requires many files or registers to be searched to

correct the information.

5.Difficult for the Top Management to analyze data:Top management

faces lots of problems to know about the details of the Current

Transactions, Current Bookings, Current Cancellation and Employee as

all is maintained at the lower level. Except for the media and their

reliable resources they have nobody to ask about the current outputs

and the overall results to be generated along with the reports at the end

of the year.

6.Not Easy to understandable by new user:To understand the manual

system the user have to get more practice and have a grape all fields that

help by other employee and have to be in contact with that person. If the

person was in leave the user can get the information from him.

7.Need more space to store:Here by using the paperwork system the

user need to maintain all the documents in proper way to avoid the

difficulty in action and need more space to store these documents

because they cant destroy the old documents.


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8.Very Expensive:The existing manual system is very expensive method

as lot of paper work has to be done and lot of wastage of manpower,

which increase the expanses of existing system.

9.Data sharing:The different user in the different department cannot

share data simultaneously.

10. Security:Security feature are not prominent in the existing system.

Need For a New System

To enhance the working of the Apeejay College of fine arts, which was

completely handled manually, the improvement was thought on the basis of

computerizing the major activities. The following factors were foreseen for the

improvisation:

1.Identify the Opportunity to Improve Business Functions:It has been

identified that computerization process is necessity and what business

benefits can be derived by implementing this improvement. It will lead to

better transaction handling in terms of speed, reliability and accuracy.

2.Improves Services and Working Conditions:To improve the working

conditions of existing system in every parts of Tour & Travel Org.

Customer services are need to improve to a greater extent.

3.User friendly:To make the system user friendly this system using

window as its run time environment and is developed using Visual Studio


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2008, which is very user-friendly rapid application developed tool.

Because in the existing system register work was very difficult to handled

by each user and was boring job.

4.Data Security:The proposed will also prevent unauthorized access to

the system. At the very beginning, the user name and password is to be

entered by the user and if it is correct only then the permission to use

the software is given to user. There are different users according to

different roles and one user cant use the resources given to another

user.

5.Data Redundancy: -The data is stored only once which can be accessedby any one at any time and at any place. So it can be minimized but can

not be removed completely.

6.Easy to Access: -In this database project, data can be easily access

through computer networking.

7.Cost Reduction: -It requires less amount of Cost as compared to

existing system.

8.Time & Efforts Reduction: -It requires less amounts of time and

efforts.

9.Security mechanism: -Database can be secured by applying password,

encryption and decryption techniques.

10. Concurrency Control: -This Database provides mechanisms to provide

concurrent access and ensure the correctness of the data.

11. Provides backup and Recovery:-It provides scheme such as recovery

and backup from the failures including disk crash, power failures,

software errors which may help the database to recover from inconsistent


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state top state that existed prior to the occurrence of the failure, though

methods are very complex.


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2.2 Proposed System

This consists of Payroll System. All these transactions need to be

carefully understood and taken into consideration. The system also contains a

lot of data redundancy at various stages. One of the objectives of the new

system would be to stores data in an efficient and non-redundant form and

hence increase overall efficiency of the system. The new system should ensure

of simple and easy data entry procedures through suggestive looking form.

There are quite a number of lengthy calculations being done on the acquired

data. These calculations should be thoroughly understood. The new system

should be able to perform all these calculations automatically and efficiently.

Numerous kinds of queries are done on large amounts of accumulated

data, to find out the desired data. The new system should provide efficient,

simple, fast and smarter procedures for retrieval of exhaustive types of data

from the database.

Finally, there are quite a number of reports that are generated during the

normal working of the system. Each of these required reports should be

understood very carefully and the new system shall provide easy and efficient

methods for generation of these reports.


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Working

The working of the project is based onpayroll system for performing its

working it use Visual Basic.NET as a front-end and Oracle 8i as a back-end. In

which user perform all its functions in Visual Basic.NET environment and all

database stores in the database oracle. This proposed system reserve the ticket

on request of the user and also refund the unconfirmed orders after lasing the

commission them. All the calculations are automatically and efficiently

performed.

The new computerized system has an edge over the manual system. The

beneficial features of new computerized system are the following:

1.Improves Services and Working Conditions:The proposed system

improves the existing working conditions in each step of inventory control

system Customer services are improved to a greater extent. The whole

process is very easy and efficient.

2.User Friendly:The new system is using windows as its run time

environment and is developed usingVisual Basic.NETwhich is very user

friendly rapid application development tool. The new system is totally

graphical and user just has to select his desired option and the next step

will be taken immediately and automatically by the system.


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3.Less Time Consumption:Another aspect of system, which will reduce

the time consumption, is its speed. The speed of system is measured in

terms of response time i.e. the time it takes to respond to users request.

Computer is an electronic device which can manipulate, modifies,

retrieve and store information very speedily so it will be able to report

within a fraction of time.

4.Reduced Storage Space:On more important feature of the new system

is the reduction of physical storage covered by the existing system. In

new system records will be residing in the computers memory, which is

large storage capacity and can be extended further.

5.Coordination of Data Tables:The user was in trouble while combining

figures from different files or registers to find out information and to

prepare reports. This trouble will not occur in new system as the data

from different tables will be combined internally and the prepared

reports will be presented to user on screen and printer.

6.Minimizing Errors:The project will also eliminate the creeping in of

unintentional errors due to which the system leads to insufficient. The

new system will be prepared under all the restrictions of the present

system. Whenever the user will attempt any error the new system will

respond to it displaying a diagnostic on the screen.

7.Data Security:The proposed will also prevent unauthorized access to

the system. At the very beginning, the user name and password is to be

entered by the user and if it is correct only then the permission to use

the software is given to user. There are different users according to

different roles and one user cant use the resources given to another

user.


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Objective/Advantages of New System:

To overcome these above stated limitations in thePayroll System, we

propose a new system that is computerized system ofPayroll System. The

proposed system would store all the information captured in different registers

that will be linked with each other and will provide direct and immediate

access. Using a computerized system, we will do storing of data. All the

addition, deletion, modification, printing will be done through computer for

faster accessing. This proposed system would set free from all the burdens

mentioned in limitations of existing system.

1.Fast and Efficient:As compared to existing manual system, in proposed

system the user can get the information fast, easily and efficiently from

the computer since information is a single click away from the user.


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2.Reliable and Accurate:As in proposed system the information is stored

and processed in computers so that data will be more reliable and

accurate.

3.Centralized Data:In the existing system most of data records are kept in

registers and some data are maintained in Microsoft Excel due to this

system the placement of the data is not at one particular place. But in

proposed system each and every record is maintained on computer,

which leads to the centralization of data and every user which have the

access to system can retrieve the data at ease.

4.Low Operation and Maintenance Cost: The proposed system is not very

costly as it doesnt includes many costs and overhead expenses like file

management, stationary charges etc.

5.Non-Redundant Information:As in proposed system data maintained

on the computers so inconsistency doesnt occurs whichever leads to

problem like duplication of data. As in our project most of the inventorycodes are Auto Generated hence there is no chance of duplication of the

master records.

6.User Friendly: Proposed system is very user friendly. We have applied

many check and balances (i.e. validation rules) in the proposed system so

that a less knowledgeable person can also enter the data error free and

at an ease.

7.Easy to Access:As compared to existing system, in proposed system the

user can easily and efficiently access the information from the computer

only if the user is given the right of the same. In the proposed system we


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have used the concept of level of access. We have created the users to

access the database. So depending upon the type of hierarchy we can

assign different rights for the user.

8.No Documentation: As everything is stored on the computer so there is

any need of documentation or maintaining the files or registers.

Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is carried out to test if the proposed system is worth

being implemented. Given unlimited resources and infinite time, all projects are

feasible. Unfortunately, such projects and time is not possible real situations.

Hence it becomes both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the

project at earliest passable time in order to avoid unnecessary wastage of time.


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Feasibility study is test of the system proposed regarding its workability, impact

on tour and travels ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources.

Feasibility study has five primary areas which are characterized by the

acronym TELOS

T - Technical Feasibility

E - Economic Feasibility

O - Operational Feasibility

COST ESTIMATION

The net cost saving for reuse is estimated, by projecting the cost of the

project. If project it was developed from scratch and subtracting the sum of the

cost associated with reuse and the actual cost of the software has delivered,

can be determined by applying one or more of the estimation techniques and

the proposed project support all this technique like domain analysis and

modeling and enhancement of reuse components ray ties and lioness for the

externally acquired components, the proposed project is cost efficient because

any organization can save their expense by using my project. Earlier they used

a manual system where they wasted lot of time, and there was paper work.

Hence the proposed project is very cost efficient because it will help to save

from manual costs overcome economical

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Whether the proposed information system can be implemented with the

available hardware, software, technical resources, and human resource. The


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proposed project is technically feasible because all the required resources are

easily available in the market at very low cost. The management provides all

latest hardware and software facilities for the success completion of the project.

The proposed system full fills the requirement of the Apeejay College of

fine arts, jalandhar. The software developed by usingVisual Basic.NETand

Oracle 8i. Which is available at very low cost in the market? The building

technique of the project is also not too complicated. Hence technical feasibility

is the some difficult area to assess at the earliest stages of the system

development process. Therefore the process of analysis and definition of the

proposed system was conducted in parallel with the assessment of technical

feasibility.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Whether the benefits of the proposed information system outweigh the

costs. The proposed project is economical feasible because all the requiredresources are easily available in the market at very low cost and any

organization can easily purchase this required resources at their suitable cost

and assembled it. No extra economical burden will on the on the organization.

Here the benefits accrued from the new system are more than the cost

involved in its development as everything is related to money. Cost involved in

developing the whole system is analyzing and design, Programming cost,

Stationary and miscellaneous expenses, Operational cost.

There are sufficient benefits in the system to make the cost acceptable.

Usually cost benefits analysis is made to find the savings or the extra

overheads that would arise new development. It is normal for every origination


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to choose a system development only if there is a reduction with respect to the

time and cost overheads.

OPRETIONAL FEASIBILITY

Whether the proposed solution is desirable within the existing

managerial and organizational framework and culture. This project is

operational feasible because it easily handled all operations of the organization,

which is required by the user. In the existing system, it is very difficult to

maintain huge amount of data. The development of new system was startedbecause of the requirement put to forward by the management of the

concerned department. All the transactional operations handled successfully in

the new system with in very sort of time. So it is sure that the system

development is operationally feasible.

Study is a preferred conceptual solution together with expected cost and

benefits. It also includes a more detailed specification of what the new system

requires.


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System Analysis

ANALYSIS

Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a

system and there relationship within and outside of the system. A key question

is:What must be done to solve the problem?One aspect of analysis is

defining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not a

candidate system should consider other related systems. During analysis data

are collected on the available files, decision points and transactions handled by

the present system. Some logical system models and tools are used in analysis

are data flow diagrams, interviews, on-sight observations and questionnaires

etc. The interview is a commonly used tool in analysis. It requires special skills

and sensitivity to the subjects being interviewed. Bias in data collection and

interpretation can be a problem. Training, experience and common sense are

required for collection of the information needed to do the analysis.

Once analysis is completed, the analyst has a firm understanding of

what is to be done. The next step is to decide how the problem might be solved.

Thus, in system design, we move from the logical to the physical aspect of the

life cycle.

PROBLEM UNDERSTANDING

One of the most difficult tasks is developing a clear in depth of the problem

being investigated, without which it becomes impossible to specify the requirements

for a new project with any accuracy. In the manual system the main problem was to


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understand the large and typical database and short form of information about any

Student and Teacher.

Several questions should be proposed for this as: -

1.What is the problem?

In the manual system large amount of data handle is very difficult. It is

difficult to access the required data from saved registers. And also large

amount of data is very difficult store.

2.What are its causes?

Due to store the data in large registers in manual system no body can

search and easily access the records of the student or teacher at a time.

In manual system records war search one by one that were very time

consuming.

3.Why is it important that the problem be solved?

The main point of view to solve the problems to change the manual

system is fulfilling the required of the Management. Because nowadays

very large amount of data need to be transferred.

4.What are the possible solutions to the problem?

The solution of this problem is developed the computerized version of the

manual system, which is less time consuming, and easy to handle.

5.What types of benefits are expected once the problem is

solved?

Once the above all problems solved. The new system should fulfill all the

requirement of the Management. And improves the working of the

Management, and all transactions can be easily maintains.


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It takes considerable skill to determine the true cause of a systems

problem with knowledge of the cause of the problem, it can be diagnosed by it

characteristics. After identification of the problem a general direction or a

method for solving the problem will be determined. There are some problems,

which are being faced by the college management.

The major problem that the college is facing is that all the work is done

manually. Due to this a large amount of time is wasted, there can be some

errors which may creep in. Besides this it is also required to store all the

information in the form of some files or registers, but because of such storage

some more problems are faced. One such problem is query passing. It is a

length and tedious process if there is a need to find some information regarding

a student or a teacher.

After identification of the problem a general direction or a method for

solving the problem will be determined.


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Requirement Specification

Requirement analysis is the first logical and technical step in the

software engineering process. Its at this juncture that a general statistic of

software scope is redefined into a concrete significance that becomes the

foundation of all software engineering activities that follows.

For gathering information, there is a need to interact with the system

users i.e. the people who directly or indirectly influence the system

requirements like end users, employees, customer etc. But they can make

unrealistic or conflicting demands, so these conflicts must be solved before

proceeding with the system design implementations.


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A software requirement specification is obtained as a sequence of

analysis. Validation is necessary to ensure that the developer and customer

have the same perception of the system. Unfortunately, changing requirements

are a problem even for the best analysis method. The software will be developed

keeping in mind the following:

Requirements Specification

The proposed project full fill all the requirement of the user although it

related to booking of the tickets or with calculations and it also provides all the

necessary features which is needed by the user of the software It is a

structured, precise document, which defines each and every system service

and constraint in detail. It may also be known as the functional specification

and is generally used as basis for a contract between the user and the software

developer.

Functional Requirements

The proposed project fulfills all the functional requirements of the

organization. These are those requirements that define the functionality of the

software system. Like Result of a Student, Attendance of a teacher, making

report Card of a student. They are descriptions of the project functions.

Non-Functional Requirements

These are those requirements that place a constraint under the system

operates for example response time or on the development process such as the

choice of the programming language.


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CONSTRAINTS

The company functions manually. This system has a lot of problems as the work done

is very time consuming and sometimes errors also creep in. so there was an urgent

need to develop a system, which is simple, error free and suits the working of the

institution. The softwarePayroll Systemis such software, which will serve to these

purposes. Constraints are validations, which are used to check that the software is

working properly. The software also has some constraints, which make it a successful

application.

There are some constraints which are given below

1) Time constraints.

2) Economical constraints.

3) Technical constraints.

1. Time:Time constraints is a deadline, the use of deadlines in real-Time

computing is a relatively recent small fraction of the overall development

of project. Before reaching deadline it is difficult to develop the perfect

project. Time also effect the process of developing the project because in

the given limited time period some requirements features cant developed.

I have developed this project. In given time period. It is difficult to

develop the each and every required feature of the project. Hence we can

say that the time is the main constraints in developing the project.


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2. Economical constraints:Economical constraints also is also a great

hindrance in developing the project, because due to economical

constraints each and every required hardware and software not available

at time and hence the developer of the is not able to developed the all

required features in the project. Due to the economical problem in the

organization, organization does not able to pay the required amount of

the project and hence developer of the project does not develop the full

efficient project. Hence we can say that economical constraints puts bad

effect in developing project.

3. Technical constraints:Technical constraints are a very big problem in

developing the project. Because in available technology you have to

develop the project. Due to the shortage of technical knowledge some

time in developing the project problems are occurred and that put bad

effects. Technical constraints are effect affect mostly designing phase,

coding phase, and implement phase of the project. Also if the developer

of the project is not technical of high level then it will effect during the

development of the project. Hence we can say that technical constraints

are also effect at very large instant.

Design Phase


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The purpose of the design phase is to plan a solution of the problem

specified by the requirement document. System design is most creative phase

of the system development. The term design describes a final system and the

process it is developed.

This phase is the first step in moving from the problem domain to the

solution domain. In other words, starting with what is needed; design takes

towards how to satisfy the needs. The design of a system is the most critical

factor affecting the quality of package to be developed. System design has

major impact on the later phases, particularly testing and maintenance. The

System design includes the construction of programs and program testing.

The key question of System design is how problems lies in the project solved.

With the help of the flow charts we have represented the design of the software

system that is developing.

The purpose of the design phase was to plan a solution of the problem

specified by the requirements of document. This phase is the first step in

moving from the problem domain to the solution domain. The design of the

system is perhaps the most critical factor affecting the quality of the software.


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System Design

The development of the Transaction Control Software consisted of

studying of the existing manual system and developing an efficient

computerized system that emphasizes on easy storage and retrieval of data in

the database.

The new system should ensure of simple and easy data entry procedures

through suggestive looking form. There are quite a number of lengthy

calculations being done on the acquired data. These calculations should be

thoroughly understood. The new system should be able to perform all these

calculations automatically and efficiently.

There are quite a number of reports that are generated during the

normal working of the system. Each of these required reports should be

understood very carefully and the new system shall provide easy and efficient

methods for generation of these reports.

Moreover, the new system should provide a very easy to use interface, so

that user should feel at home throughout the working of the system.


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Design Tools

BACK-END TOOLS

SQL SERVER 2008:-

Microsoft SQL Server is a Structured Query Language (SQL)

based, client/server relational database. Each of these terms

describes a fundamental part of the architecture of SQL Server.

Database

A database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place

for data. Like a data file, a database does not present

information directly to a user; the user runs an application

that accesses data from the database and presents it to the

user in an understandable format.

A database typically has two components: the files holding the

physical database and the database management system

(DBMS) software that applications use to access


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data. The DBMS is responsible for enforcing the database

structure, including:

1. Maintaining the relationships between data in the database.

2.Ensuring that data is stored correctly and that the rules

defining data relationships are not violated.

3. Recovering all data to a point of known consistency in case of

system failures.

Relational Database

There are different ways to organize data in a database

but relational databases are one of the most effective.

Relational database systems are an application of

mathematical set theory to the problem of effectively

organizing data. In a relational database, data is collected into

tables (called relations in relational theory).

When organizing data into tables, you can usually find

many different ways to define tables. Relational database

theory defines a process, normalization, which ensures that

the set of tables you define will organize your data effectively.

Client/Server:-


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In a client/server system, the server is a relatively large

computer in a central location that manages a resource used

by many people. When individuals need to use the resource,

they connect over the network from their computers, or

clients, to the server.

Server applications are usually capable of working with

several clients at the same time. SQL Server can work with

thousands of client applications simultaneously. The server

has features to prevent the logical problems that occur if a user

tries to read or modify data currently being used by others.

LANGUAGES USED IN SQL SERVER 2008:-

Transact-SQL:-

Transact-SQL is the language used to administer instances of the SQL Server

Database Engine, to create and manage database objects, and to insert,

retrieve, modify, and delete data. Transact-SQL is an extension of the language

defined in the SQL standards published by the International Standards

Organization (ISO) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Multidimensional Expressions (MDX):-

Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) is a statement-based scripting language

used to define, manipulate, and retrieve data from multidimensional objects in
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SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services (SSAS). MDX provides data definition

language (DDL) statements; data manipulation language (DML) statements;

scripting language statements for managing scope, context, and control of flow

within MDX scripts; operators and functions for the manipulation of data

retrieved from multidimensional objects; and the capability to extend MDX with

user-defined functions.

Data Mining Extensions (DMX):-

Data Mining Extensions (DMX) is the language used to create and work with

data mining models in SSAS. DMX is composed of data definition language

(DDL) statements, data manipulation language (DML) statements, and

functions and operators.

ADVANTAGES OF SQL SERVER 2008:-

1.Open source/free/etc as everyone else has said.

2.Multi-platform = many more deployment scenarios.

3.Fast, particularly for straightforward db architectures.4.With the arrival of MySQL Cluster, the ability to scale MUCH easier

and cheaper than dealing with MSSQL's clustering approach and/or

with migration to MS' preferred alternative, their cloud-based Azure

platform.
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5.Two of the most popular database systems used by web developers

today are MySQL and Microsoft's MS SQL server.

6.Both are similar in regards to being storage and retrieval systems.

7.The two systems support primary keys, along with key indices which

allow you to speed up queries and constrain input. Furthermore, both

systems offer some form of support for XML.

FRONT-END TOOLS

ASP.NET C#:-

ASP.NET is a new ASP generation. It is not compatible with Classic ASP, but

ASP.NET may include Classic ASP.

ASP.NET pages are compiled, which makes them faster than Classic ASP.

ASP.NET has better language support, a large set of user controls, XML-based

components, and integrated user authentication.


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ASP.NET pages have the extension .aspx, and are normally written in VB

(Visual Basic) or C# (C sharp).

User controls in ASP.NET can be written in different languages, including C++

and Java.

When a browser requests an ASP.NET file, the ASP.NET engine reads the file,

compiles and executes the scripts in the file, and returns the result to the

browser as plain HTML.

FEATURES OF ASP.NET C#:-

Output cache extensibility

Session state compression

View state mode for individual control

Page.MetaKeywordandPage.MetaDescriptionproperties

Response.RedirectPermanentmethod

Routing in ASP.NET

Increase the URL character length

New syntax for Html Encode

Predictable Client IDs

Web.configfile refactoring

Auto-Start ASP.NET applications

Improvements on Microsoft Ajax Library


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ADVANTAGES OF ASP.NET C#:-

1.ASP.NETdramatically reduces the amount of code needed to build large

applications.

2. With built-in Windows authentication and application settings, and

applications safe and secure.

3. It provides higher performance by using early binding, just-in-time

compilation, native optimization, and caching services right out of the box.

4. ASP.NET framework is complemented by a rich and designer tools in Visual

Studio integrated development environment. WYSIWYG-editing, drag and drop

controls, firewall and automatic deployment are just some of the features of

this powerful tool provides.

5. ASP.NET provides a simple and easy to perform common tasks, from simple

form submission and client authentication configuration and deployment site.

6. The source code and HTML together, so that ASP.NET pages are easy to

maintain and write. In addition, the source code is executed on the server. It

provides greater power and flexibility to Web pages.

7. All processes are carefully controlled and managed by ASP.NET, so that if the

process is dead, the new process can be created in its place, which helps to

keep your application constantly available to handle requests.

8. This is purely server-side technologies, so that the ASP.NET code runs on

the server before being sent to the browser.
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9. Be independent of the language, it allows you to select the language that

best applies to your application or partition applications in many languages.

10. ASP.NET makes for easy deployment. No need to register components

because the configuration information is embedded.

11. The Web server continuously monitors the pages, components and

applications running on it. If he notices any memory leaks, infinite loops, other

illegal activities, which immediately destroys the activity and restarts.

12. It is easy to work with ADO.NET using data binding and formatting of the

page. This is an application that works faster and counters large volumes of

users without performance problems

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