paying the bill: policing after the recession martin innes
TRANSCRIPT
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Paying the Bill: Policing After the Recession
Martin Innes
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Argument
• Economic and political drivers for reform. Policing will have to become: smaller; smarter; and sharper. Not ‘more with less’, just ‘less’.
• Need to reverse trend of police specialisation and move more to co-productive working.
• To deliver this need to agree what policing is for and shift towards public facing outcome metrics - what harms social order, communities and neighbourhoods?
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Structure
• The wider political and economic context;
• Key themes for the government reform agenda in ‘Policing in the 21st Century’ – accountability; national agencies; big society.
• Trends in policing (specialisation and taskforces);
• What is policing for and the uses of ‘social harm’.
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Citizen Priorities
Source: Ipsos-Mori
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Trends Crime & Perceived ASB
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Trends in Police Staff
Source: HMIC (2010) Valuing The Police
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Forces for Change
• Economics – reduce public spending
• Ideology – revision of state / civil society
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Policing in the 21st Century
3 ‘big ticket’ reform items:
• Police and Crime Commissioners – altering policing accountabilities; • National Crime Agency – solidifies an ongoing movement;
• Community mobilisation and the ‘big society’.
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Policing Accountabilities
• Using the police to support democracy; • Existing ‘upwards’, ‘downwards’ and ‘sideways’ accountabilities;
• Clarifying reach and depth of Police ad Crime Commissioners.
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Leveraging the ‘Big Society’
Big Society themes - • Community empowerment• Social action• Public service reformSource: Halpern (2010) Prospect Magazine September
• Halpern (2009): information on public-facing services & their performance is a ‘public good’.• ‘Nudgers’ (Thaler & Sunstein) vs ‘networkers’ (Christakis & Fowler).
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Policing as an Agent for Community Mobilisation
NRPP (2003-5) ‘horizontal’ vs ‘vertical’ co-production:
• 4 sites increases in residents trust in each other;• 14 point increase in cohesion in Lancashire site;• 4 sites improved perceptions of collective efficacy.
• Similar findings are recorded in Chicago (Skogan, 2007 and Carr, 2006)
• Doing policing with rather than to people, improves key outcomes, but requires significant skills.
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Trends in Policing
• ‘Full spectrum policing’ – increase at national and neighbourhood levels in particular;
• The move to policing by taskforces, initiatives and operations; • Specialisation and the decline of the generalist PC.
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Police Spend & Resources 1998/09 – 2008/09
Source: Brain (2010) Cityforum
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Follow the Money
% Change Staffing 05/06 – 08/09Source: HMIC (2010) Valuing the Police
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So What?
• Police self-defined a ‘crime control’ mission (USA);
• British policing tradition more complex - crime management / order management / security management;
• Prevent and NP findings – knowing what people perceiving and experiencing critical;
• Cultural resistance;
• Develop public-facing outcomes around the social harm of crime, disorder and policing.
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Community Impacts of Homicide
“Yeah obviously I discussed it with family and the next door neighbour and people and they reassured me it wasn’t quite as bad as it seemed.” (Ast 235)
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ASB & Neighbourhood Security
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Social Harm Footprints
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Conclusions
• Difficult choices – what and where is the public value of policing?;
• Develop public-facing outcomes;
• The policing narrative.
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ANY QUESTIONS ?
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