paul snelgrove anna metaxas
DESCRIPTION
Doug Schillinger. The Effects of Temporal Variation in Upper Ocean Processes on Benthic Boundary Layer Biology and Material Flux. Paul Snelgrove Anna Metaxas. Claudio DiBacco Don Deibel. Verena Tunnicliffe. Benthos Larvae Hyperbenthos Bioturbation Microbial processes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Effects of Temporal Variation in Upper Ocean Processes on Benthic
Boundary Layer Biology and Material Flux
Paul Snelgrove
Anna Metaxas
Claudio DiBacco
Don Deibel
Alex Hay
Brian Bornhold
Paul Hill
Benthos
Larvae
Hyperbenthos
Bioturbation
Microbial processes
Boundary layer flow
Sediment /material flux
Verena Tunnicliffe
Kim Juniper
Grant Ferris
Phil Archambault
Gaston Desrosiers
Doug Schillinger
•How does material flux (quality and quantity) through canyon systems relate to boundary layer flow on daily, seasonal, and event-driven (e.g. slumping) time scales?
•How does flux of organic material (quality, quantity mean and variance) through canyon systems influence faunal response (community structure, spawning, bioturbation) of benthos, hyperbenthos, larvae, and microbes on daily to event-driven (e.g. slumping) and extended (e.g. regime shift) time scales?
•How does upper water column variability influence deep-sea systems on multiple time scales?
The Big Questions
Craig Smith – Equatorial Pacific Abyssal Plain
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
BIO
SP
HE
RE
Response Variables
•Biodiversity
•Biogeochemistry
•Functional Ecology
Predictive Variables
(multiple temporal & spatial scales)
HyperbenthosEpibenthosInfauna
AtmosphereAtmosphere
HydrosphereHydrosphere
LithosphereLithosphere
BIO
SP
HE
RE
Response Variables
• Biodiversity
• Biogeochemistry
• Functional Ecology
Predictive VariablesClimatic & Oceanographic Variability (multiple temporal & spatial scales)
HyperbenthosEpibenthosInfauna
Water Column Group
Benthic Group
Sample Questions
1. How do the HBZ, larvae, benthos and material flux respond to seasonal and spin-off eddy driven variability in Barkley Canyon, and do episodic changes in the physical regime strongly influence material flux and biological response?
2. *Do these topographic features support a specialized HBZ and benthic fauna, enhanced biomass, larger individuals, differences in feeding mode and activity, and a source of organisms (e.g. larvae) for adjacent environments?
3. *Are HBZ and benthic faunal responses to flux events in shallower areas more rapid than in deeper areas, and are there any structural differences in the response (e.g. types of species, diversity etc.) and time lags?
*Note that low level of instrumentation will make this question primarily
surface ship sampling based for biological responses.
Boundary layer measurements
Megafauna, bioturbation, seabed features
RDI ADCP (600 kHz)Nortek HR Aquadopp (2 MHz)Kongsberg Rotary SONAR
(675 kHz fanbeam)
PanTilt Video
Plankton Pump Zooplankton abundance
Sediment trap Larval, zooplankton & particle flux
Barkley Shelf
+RDI ADCP (150 kHz) +Nortek HR Aquadopp (2 MHz)+Kongsberg Rotary SONAR
(675 kHz fanbeam)
+Pod 3 West*Pod 4 East
+PanTilt Video*Delta T Multibeam SONAR*Hi-Res Camera system
*CTD **Fluorometer
Boundary layer measurements
+Sediment Trap+Plankton Pump
*Microbial package
Barkley Canyon
Larval, zooplankton & particle flux
Megafauna, bioturbation, seabed features,colonization
Hydrographic properties & particulate characterization
Microbial metabolism
Barkley Axis
Slumping, turbidity currents
Megafauna, bioturbation, seabed features
Kongsberg Rotary SONAR (675 kHz fanbeam)
Nortek HR Aquadopp (2 MHz)
Hydrophone
PanTilt Video
Boundary layer measurements
Seabed features, bioturbation
Sampling Scheme
Continuous sampling
Scheduled by DMAS
Scheduled by instrument
ADCP, Aquadopp
CTD/Fluorometer/Eh
Hydrophone
675 kHz Rotary
SONAR
Delta T SONAR
Low light video
Digital Still
Sediment trap
Plankton Pump
Event Detection: Triggers
ADCP, Aquadopp
CTD/Fluorometer/Eh
Hydrophone
•Change in mean current
•Change in hydrological properties
•High than normal backscatter
•Higher than normal fl
•Slumping detected via hydrophone
Event Detection: Outcomes
675 kHz Rotary
SONAR
Delta T SONAR
Low light video
Digital Still
Sediment trap
Plankton Pump
•Change duty cycle
•Increase sampling duration
•Unlikely to change parameters (e.g. range, resolution)
•Trigger start of new sample
•Wait for end of “event” and start new sample
Event Detection: External Triggers
Currents from
Water Column
Meteorological
data (inferred)
Distant
Hydrophones
Tsunami
i.e. need access to other water column & BPR array data
•Storm
•Internal waves
•Tsunami
•Slumping
Data •currents•bs amp.•Ancillary•Temperature•Salinity•Density•SSL•SONAR images•Video•Digital Stills•Eh
•Image analysis•Bedform analysis•PUV
•Plankton samples•Sediment samples
Lab analysis
(cruise dependent +6 months)
DMAS processing
(immediate)
Time series
Profile contours
Rectified images
TS Plots
Scientific post processing
(1 year +, requires
post-doc)
Movies
Bedform data
Sediment/scatter concentration
Analysis of discrete samples
(size distribution, content etc.)
Maintenance & Calibration
•Require removal of entire pod, including JB every 6-12 months for inspection:
Bulkhead connectors for delamination
Pressure case for pitting and corrosion
Cables and in line connectors for wear
Bio fouling
•Require recovery of samples every 6-12 months
•Need frame alignment on deployment and recovery
•May place objects at known distance, use calibration sheet for cameras
Maintenance & Calibration
Calibration using ROPOS
CTD
675 kHz Rotary
SONAR
Delta T SONAR
Low light video
Digital Still
Sediment trap
Plankton Pump
Samples Recovered
Possible return to SBE for calibration
Replace expired sensor Eh
Preliminary publications
•Methodological papers on event detection
•Summary of mean/initial conditions
Ways to foster collaboration and future initiatives
•Get data flowing
•Supply travel expenses to groups to showcase data, budget for staff to manage/process data?
•Post-docs, students to handle the data