PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT REFLECT WHERE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED

CHP. 12 SERVICES

Chapter 12

Tertiary Sector of the Economy: Services

(Service is something that fulfills a human want or need in return for

money)

Locational factor: proximity to market

Where people live!

First 10:1. Read the “Phoning the Help Desk”

case study on pg 398.

2. Read the “Case Study Revisited” on pages 427-428. What is a “daily urban system”?

3. Now, look at how transportation has affected services. Complete the U.S. map using the chart provided on the back (we will have 10 minutes in class, you may need to finish this at home)

FRQ on call centers from AP

• Question 2• http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_dow

nloads/ap/students/humangeo/ap06_frq_human_geography.pdf

Key Issues

1. Where did services originate?

2. Why are consumer services distributed in a regular pattern?

3. Why do business services locate in large settlements?

4. Why do services cluster downtown?

Types of Services– Consumer services: (retail,

education*, health, travel, restaurants, etc) • ½ of U.S. jobs

– Business services : facilitate business such as banks, insurance, law, information services, etc) • ¼ U.S. jobs

– Public services: security and protection. *Public school teachers are sometimes included here as well.• Only 16% of U.S. jobs

Employment Change in U.S.• North America: ¾ of

workers are in service industry

•LDC’s less than ¼

• Growth in employment in the U.S. since 1970 has been entirely in the tertiary sector, with the greatest increase in professional services.

• Primary and secondary have declined

“Changes in Number of Employees” Pg. 401

Service Sector Employment

Over half of workers are employed in the service sector in most MDCs, while a much smaller percentage are in

the service sector in most LDCs.

Origin of Services: How did services originate?

• Burial sites• Food storage• Government services

Think back to Unit One:

• Explain to a partner the difference between clustered and dispersed.

Clustered• Clustered rural

settlements: families live in close proximity to each other, fields surrounding

• Reinforces common cultural and religious values.

Clustered Rural Settlement Patterns

Fig. 12-4: Circular settlement patterns are common in Germany. Linear “long lot” patterns are often found along rivers in France, and were transferred to Québec.

Growth of Rural Settlements shows a clustered pattern as smaller settlements

grow around the original.

Fig. 12-3: The establishment of satellite settlements in a rural landscape over time is illustrated by the number of places named “Offley” in this area.

Dispersed Rural Patterns

• More contemporary landscape

• Famers live on isolated farms

• Enclosure Movement in Great Britain.

• 1750-1850• Gov’t consolidated

many farms into one large farm

Dispersed settlements in American Midwest

Using terminology that you just learned, describe the following:

• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

How are services distributed?• Looking at the populations of

the following cities, where would you expect to find:

• Gas station• Immigration lawyer• Prada (high end) fashion boutique• Major Grocery Store• Shopping mall• Heart transplant surgeon• Art dealer• General Store• Family owned clothing store

Atlanta (proper) 450,000Marietta (proper) 58,000Acworth (proper) 19,000Hiram (proper) 3,500

KEY ISSUE 2

Why Are Consumer Services Distributed in a Regular Pattern?

On your poster, explain and create consumer service• Explain

– Central Place Theory, market area/hinterland, range, and threshold

• Draw the hexagon pattern and explain why geographers use this to depict the market area of a good or service (why are circles and squares not a good depiction?)

• Explain a business (can be fictional) using these terms on your poster and justify why you located where you did. Draw a sketch of a map to back up your explanation

Distribution of Consumer Services

• Central place theory (W. Christaller)– Market area of a service– Size of market area

• Uses Market area analysis to figure:– Profitability of a location– Optimal location within a market

Market Areas as Hexagons

Fig. 12-5: Hexagons are often used to delineate market areas because they are a compromise between circles, which have edges equidistant from the center but leave gaps, and squares, which don’t leave gaps but whose edges are not equidistant from the center.

Range and Threshold• Range: maximum distance consumers

will travel for a service.• Threshold: minimum number of

consumers needed to support the service.• Let’s think of services that have:

– A high range– A high threshold– A low range– A low threshold