patte e embroidered textiles un silk roa Ⅱ
TRANSCRIPT
Patte
1 Jiangsu IChina
CorresponCollege, 86-139-21
Received:
doi:10.553
Abstract
Based on embroidergeometricawidely avatextiles frozigzags anedgings buother pattethere are e
Keywords
Geometricsites along4thC AD)3thC- earlySilk Museu
1. Dots
Table 1. D
Figure
embroid
Astana
Huahai
BC-earl
Dots are camong whparticularlMurtuq, AThere are
erns on th
Intangible Cult
ndence: KuangJiangnan Un10-1775. E-m
September 9,
39/ass.v12n1p1
the archaeolored textiles ofal pattern is mailable, it is com the Silk Rnd crosses. As ut also create erns. Diamondexamples consi
s: geometrical
cal pattern is ag the Silk Road unearthed froy 5thC) from Dum. They are v
Dots on the emb
1. dots on
deries from
a, Yinpan,
etc., 2ndC
ly 4thC AD
ommon to seehich dots filledy popular and
Astana in Xinjiaother types of
he Embro
tural Heritage
g Yanghua, Jiniversity, 180ail: tinakyh200
2015 Acce
191
ogical evidencf the Han andainly found on
characterized bRoad include
the most comframes of vari
ds are also comisting of more
patterns, embr
another commod, especially oom Xinjiang pDulan or neighvaried in types
broidered texti
Figure 2. doembroiderie
Dulan oneighboring
late 3thC- ear
e on the embrod with volute d widely appeang province af dots, includin
idered TeⅡ: Geom
Kuang Yangh
Research Bas
iangsu Intangi00 Lihu [email protected]
epted: Septemb
URL: http://
ces from the d Tang dynastn textiles fromby its varied tdots, roundels
mmon motif, dious kinds suc
mmon, besides than one type
roidery, the Si
on motif on emon the embroidprovince and thboring areas s.
iles unearthed
ots on es from or
g areas, rly 5thC
Figemb
neiglat
oidered textilesstitches execu
ear on the emband Huahai in ng dots filled w
Publ
191
extiles Unmetrical P
hua1 & Cui Ro
se, Textile & C
ible Cultural venue, Wuxi, m
ber 30, 2015
/dx.doi.org/10.
Silk Road, thties (2ndC BCNorthwestern
types. The regs, waves, who
dots not only inch as roundelsserving as patof geometrica
lk Road
mbroidered texderies dating frthe embroiderin Qinghai pro
from the Silk R
gure 3. dots onbroideries from
Dulan or ghboring areaste 3thC- early
5thC
s of the Han anuted in chain broidered textGansu provincwith a cross a
Asian SocISS
lished by Canad
nearthed Pattern
ongrong1
Clothing Colleg
Heritage ReseJiangsu Pr
Online Publi
.5539/ass.v12n
his paper reviC-early 9thC
n China rather tgular geometriorls, triangles,ntersperse wit
s, diamonds anttern they are oal patterns.
xtiles uneartherom the Han ared textiles of ovince now in
Road
n m
s,
Figure 4embroide
Dulaneighbori
late 3thC5th
nd Jin dynastiestitch or split
tiles from Shace, especially oand triangular
cial Science; VSN 1911-2017 dian Center of Sc
from the
ge, Jiangnan U
earch Base, Trovince, 2141
ished: Decemb
n1p191
iews geometriAD). The ev
than Central Cical patterns o, diamonds, loth other patternnd hexagons eoften used as f
d from the graand Jin dynastif the Northern
the collection
. dots on
eries from an or ing areas, C- early hC
F
la
es unearthed fstitch (Figure
anpula, Niya, Yon the embroidornaments (Fi
Vol. 12, No. 1; E-ISSN 1911-
cience and Educ
Silk Roa
University, Jian
Textile & Clo122, China.
ber 21, 2015
ical pattern onvidences showChina. Althougon the embroidozenges, chevns or form lin
etc. then filled frames. In add
aveyards or anies (2ndC BC-
Wei dynasty n of China Nat
Figure 5. dots an embroiderfrom Noin-Ul
ate 1stC BC-ea1stC AD
from the Silk Re 1 in Table 1Yingpan, Lopderies from Asigure 2 in Tabl
2016 -2025 cation
ad
ngsu,
thing Tel:
n the w that
h not dered vrons, es as with
ition,
ncient early (late ional
on ry la, arly
Road, ) are -Nor, stana. le 1),
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dots enclosmall as ri
Although was edgings
(1) Dots in
In this casseem to hawith a douinstance thHuhai (Zhsometimes
Table 2. Fr
Figure 1on an emDulan oareas, la
Figure 4on an emAstana,
Figure 8.on an emDulan oareas, la
(2) Dots as
Dots can b
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osing smaller sce grains (Figu
widely appears or frames of v
ntersperse with
e, dots are usuave links with uble-headed bhe dots on a rhao, 2008)]; ss freely scatter
rames formed
1. pearl roundembroidery fromor neighboringate 3thC- early
5thC
4. pearl roundembroidery from, 640-mid8thC
. hexagon frammbroidery fromor neighboringate 3thC- early
5thC
s edgings
be linked into s
spots (Figure 3ure 5 in Table
r, dots are seldvarious kinds s
h other pattern
ually used as suother patterns
ird found in Zed gauze piecometimes thes
red (the piece f
by linked pear
el m g y
Figure 2on severa
fromneighbo
3thC-
el m C
Figure 5.on embDulan oareas, la
me m g y
Figure 9two e
collectedlate 3r
straight lines a
Asian
3 in Table 1), 1). However, d
dom caught alosuch as rounde
ns
upplementary s [for instanceZhagunluke (Ze with embroise dots are arfrom Zhagunlu
rls on the embr
2. pearl roundeal embroiderie
m Dulan or oring areas, late- early 5thC
diamond framroideries from
or neighboringate 3thC- early
5thC
. coin frame onembroideries d by Chris HalrdC-late 5thC
and combine w
n Social Science
192
dots empty indots of these ty
one. They eithels, lozenges, d
to other pattere the dots on aZhao, 2005)] bidered vines arranged regulauke for instanc
roidered textil
el es
e Figure 3.
me m g y
Figure 6on embDulan areas, l
n
l,
Figure 1on an em
Shanpula4
with other patte
n the center (Fypes are less fa
er intersperse diamonds and
rns to add visua green plain wbut sometimesattached to the arly (the piecece).
es unearthed f
overlapped pefrom Astan
6. diamond frambroideries fromor neighboringlate 3thC- early
5thC
0. lozenge frammbroidery froma, 2ndC BC-ea4thC AD
erns to decorat
Figure 4 in Tafavored than th
with other pathexagons etc.
ual interest. Sowoven silk frags do not have
front of an ve from Huaha
from the Silk R
earl roundels oa, 640-middle
me m g y
Figure 7on an e
the Mog3thC
me m
arly
Figurframe o
froneighb
3thC
e the edgings o
Vol. 12, No. 1;
able 1) and dohe previous one
tterns or form
metimes thesegment embroidany relevanceest unearthed
ai for instance
Road
on an embroide8thC
7. hexagon framembroidery frogao Grottoes, lC- early 5thC
re 11. lozenge on embroiderie
om Dulan or oring areas, la
C- early 5thC
of clothing or
2016
ots as e.
lines
e dots dered e [for from ) but
ery
me m ate
es
te
other
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articles of with a stripfound in S(Museum from the W
(3) Dots as
Dots can aroundel (FsometimesPearl rountaohuanliaa pearl rouExcept forTable 2) an9 in Table & 11 in Ta
2. Rounde
Roundels hconcentricpatterns. Scommon iroundels eRoundels a
Table 3. R
Figembro
Grottoe
3. Waves
Waves refeneighborinneatly donribbons. Twhich are articles ofheart-shap
Some pattebut earliersilk threadpattern. Hfavored ma similar
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f daily use. Forp of heart-shapShanpula bearof Xinjiang U
West, probably
s frames
also be linked Figures 1-4 in s are outlined ndels outlined anzhu in Chineundel are replar roundels, linknd hexagons (F2). Generally,
able 2).
els
here refers to c circles enclosSometimes, thein this period executed in emare mostly sca
Roundels on the
ure 1. roundel oidery from thees, late 3thC- e
fer to S-shapedng areas, servinne in split stitcherefore this pusually filled
f daily use. ped florets and
erns are not inr than most of ds in red and bowever, it cou
motif in the Hanvisual effect.
r example, an ped florets in brs a line of li
Uygur Autonombeing an imita
into various fTable 2), whiwith circles onwith circles o
ese (Figure 3 iaced by squareked dots can foFigures 7-8 in , dots on the fo
the pattern cosing grasses (Fere are ornamand known a
mbroidery are attered or regul
e embroidered
on an
e Mogao early 5thC
d patterns or pang as the edginch respectivelypattern can alsod with other pTwo examplehalf four-peta
n S-shape but uthe relics foun
beige on this puld possibly ben dynasty. (Fig
Two exampl
Asian
embroidered between (Mokuinked dots commous Region eation of the pa
frames then filch is considern either the inon both sides n Table 2). Oc
es (Figure 4 in orm various geTable 2) or m
four corners of
onsists of one (Figure 1 in Ta
ments on the cias floral round
widely descrlarly arranged
textiles uneart
Figure 2.embroiderneighborin
ea
atterns which angs of a squary in red and bo be identifiedatterns to form
es respectivelyalled florets fill
up and down and in Cave 17 piece creates ae part of the p
gure 4 in Tableles from Dula
n Social Science
193
border from Mushiki, 1999); mbining with et al, 2001). P
attern on wool
lled with otherred as a patternnside or both th
are sometimeccasionally, theTable 2), whic
eometrical frammore complex ff a diamond ar
(Figure 1 in Taable 3), floretsircles (Figure dels or tuankeribed in the poand occasiona
thed from the
. roundel on twies from Dulang areas, late 3tarly 5thC
are just like coe embroidered
blue but both od as ribbons. (Fm a strip theny from Shanpled in S-shaped
and look like cin dating. Nea
an effect similpattern showine 4) Besides, a an or neighbo
Murtuq shows another piece a strip of he
Patterns of thistapestry.
r patterns. Then originated inhe inside and
es overlapped e dots on the toch is consideremes such as diframes consistire different and
Table 3) or mors (Figures 2-3 3 in Table 3)
e in Chinese (oems of Tangally overlapped
Silk Road
wo n or thC-
Figufro
ontinuous wavd piece. It showoutlined in yelFigure 1 in Tabn decorate on pula and Duld frames (Figu
ontinuous wavatly done stitcar to waves. I
ng mountains repeat of reve
oring areas sh
linked dots infrom a plain w
eart-shaped flos sort perhaps
e most common Sasanid Empoutside (Figurto form a newop, bottom, lefed to be a stroamonds (Figuring of several d more orname
re than one (Fin Table 3) or
).Roundels fill(Figures 2-3 i
g dynasty (Pend (Figure 3 in T
ure 3. roundel om Dulan or ne
late 3thC-
ves. An examplws two S-shapllow. These wble 4) There arthe edgings olan or neighbures 2-3 in Tab
ves. An examphes executed i
It is too fragmenveloped by
ersed U-shapedhow reversed
Vol. 12, No. 1;
n two straight woven silk garorets as the boshow an influ
on example is pire. Linked pres 1-2 in Tablw frame knowft and right enng Sassanid flres 5, 6, 10 & geometries (Fental (Figures
Figure 2 in Tabr other geomeled with floretin Table 3). Fng Dingqiu, 1Table 2).
on an embroideighboring areearly 5thC
le is from Duled entwined w
waves are similre S-shaped fraf clothing or
boring areas sble 4).
ple is from Cavin chain stitch
mented to reveaclouds, which
d pattern can cU-shaped pat
2016
lines rment order uence
pearl pearls le 2).
wn as ds of lavor. 11 in igure 5-10
ble 3) trical ts are Floral 986).
dery eas,
an or waves lar to ames, other show
ve 17 with
al the h is a create tterns
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regularly rclothing or
Table 4. W
Figurene
Figure 3on embr
Figembroid
4. Whorls
Whorls refrom the Stextiles of a decoratio
Table 5. W
Figure 1
Figure 2
net.org/ass
respectively arr other articles
Waves on the em
e 1. waves on eighboring area
. waves filled roideries from
late 3th
gure 5. reverseddery from Dul
3thC
s
fer to spiral shSilk Road. Ondifferent layer
on (Figures 3-5
Whorls on the e
. whorl on an elate 1stC BC
. whorl on an elate 1stC BC
rranged in a lins (Figures 5-6 i
mbroidered tex
embroideries fas, late 3thC- e
with half four-m Dulan or neighC- early 5thC
d U-shaped palan or neighbor
C- early 5thC
haped patternse is very largers together (Fig5 in Table 5).
embroidered te
embroidery froC-early 1stC A
embroidery froC-early 1stC A
Asian
ne and in two in Table 4).
xtiles unearthe
from Dulan or early 5thC
-petalled floretghboring areas
C
atterns on a ring areas, late
s. There are twe in scale, it isgures 1-2 in Ta
extiles unearthe
om Noin-Ula, AD
om Noin-Ula, AD
n Social Science
194
rows. Patterns
ed from the Silk
Figure 2.embroid
ts s,
Figure 4the M
e Fig
embroid
wo types of ws not only useable 5). One is
ed from the Si
Figure 3. w
Figure 4.
Figure 5. w
s of this sort us
k Road
. waves filled wdery from Sha
4. waves on anMogao Grottoes
gure 6. reverseeries from Dul
3thC-
whorls accordined as a decorats small in size,
lk Road
whorls on an em1stC BC-
. whorls on an 2ndC BC
whorls on an em1stC BC-
sually decorate
with heart-shapanpula, 2ndC B
AD
n embroidery frs, 2ndC BC -la
ed U-shaped palan or neighbo- early 5thC
ng to the embrtion but also a it is usually li
mbroidery fromearly 1stC AD
embroidery frC-early 4thC
mbroidery fromearly 1stC AD
Vol. 12, No. 1;
e on the edgin
ped florets on BC-early 4thC
rom cave 17 atate 5thC AD
atterns on oring areas, late
roideries uneaas a method toined up and us
m Noin-Ula, laD
rom Xinjiang,
m Noin-Ula, laD
2016
gs of
a
t
e
rthed o join ed as
ate
ate
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5. Triangl
On the topof similar triangles, wthe outsidebelt on topheads of aare used ovNoin-Ula in Table 6)each enclo
Table 6. Tr
Figure
FigZ
6. Diamon
Table 7. D
Figure ne
Figure 3ne
Embroidera lot of diaof a embroin Table 7)
net.org/ass
les
p of several emtriangles. Th
with smaller tre (Figures 1-2 p and tiny revea double-headever the heads o(now in tatters). A similar pieosing a little bi
riangles on the
1. triangles onearly 3r
gure 3. triangleZhagunluke, 2n
nds and Lozen
Diamonds and l
1. diamonds oneighboring are
3. diamonds oneighboring are
ries from Dulaamonds. Theseoidery or fram). Similar diam
mbroideries wihose on the emriangles in diffin Table 6). Th
ersed triangulaed bird and proof important Bs) shows decoece was found rd (Chen Wanx
e embroidered
n an embroiderrdC- early 4thC
es on an embrondC BC-early
nges
lozenges on th
n embroiderieas, late 3thC- e
n embroiderieas, late 3thC- e
an or neighborie diamonds ar
mes for other pamonds or lozen
Asian
ith double-heambroideries fr
fferent colors fhose on the emar pieces beneaobably indicat
Buddhist livingorative borders
at Mozuizi in xiong, 1998).
textiles uneart
ry from AstanaC
oidery from 4thC AD
e embroidered
s from Dulan oearly 5thC
s from Dulan oearly 5thC
ing areas in Qie usually smalatterns. Sometinges appear on
n Social Science
195
aded birds founfrom Astana afilled in the intmbroidery fromath (Figure 3 ite zheshe, whicg beings (Kuans consisting of
Gansu provin
thed from the
a, Figure
Figure 4
d textiles unear
or Figure
or Figure n
inghai in the coll, being arrangimes they are
n a piece from
nd in Astana aare almost ideteriors and hoo
m Zhagunluke in Table 6). Thch is common ng Yanghua, 20f triangular patnce, showing a
Silk Road
2. triangles on2ndC BC
4. triangles on late 1stC
rthed from the
e 2. lozenges oearly 3
4. lozenges onneighboring are
ollection of Chged in 3-5 stagoutlined with Noin-Ula and
and Zhagunlukentical in the ok-shaped ornare close to a hese triangles on a valance 013a). An embtterns along fostring of ident
n an embroiderC-early 4thC A
an embroideryBC-early 1stC
Silk Road
on an embroide3rdC- early 4th
n an embroidereas, late 3thC-
hina National Sggered rows astraight lines oa piece from A
Vol. 12, No. 1;
ke there are a sshape of reve
naments attachvalance, showall appear oveor a canopy w
broidered quilt our edges (Figutical triangular
ry from AstanaAD
y from Noin-UC AD
ery from AstanhC
ry from Dulan early 5thC
Silk Museum sand used as edgor curves (FigAstana (Figure
2016
string ersed ed to
wing a er the which
from ure 4 r tags
a,
Ula,
na,
or
show gings ure 1 e 2 in
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Table 7), hdiamonds
Large lozelozenges clozenges a
In most cexamples diamonds arranged in(Figures 5with roundor geometr6 in Table
Table 8. D
Figembroneighb
Figureembroneighb
7. Chevro
Table 9. C
Figure 1embro
Dulan oareas, la
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however, they (Figure 3 in Ta
enges can be ucomposed of are usually exe
cases, diamondon the embroior lozenges on a line or in & 6 in Table
d dots (Figure rical rosettes (8).
Diamond and lo
gure 1. diamonoideries from Doring areas, la
early 5thC
e 4. lozenge froideries from Doring areas, la
early 5thC
ons and Zigzag
hevrons and z
1. chevrons onoideries from or neighboring ate 3thC- early
5thC
are large and able 7).
used as alone small ones an
ecuted in satin
ds or lozengeideries from Shf different sizestaggered row8). The four c2 in Table 8),
(Figure 5 in Ta
ozenge frames
nd on Dulan or ate 3thC-
e
ame on
Dulan or ate 3thC-
F
gs
igzags on the e
n
y
Figure embroid
neighbor
Asian
flat. Occasion
pattern. One end outlined wstitch with stro
s are used ashapula, Niya, e formed by l
ws and filled wcorners of the tiny diamonds
able 8) etc. On
on the embroi
Figure 2. diamembroidery fro
BC-ear
igure 5. lozengin the State H
embroidered te
2. chevrons ondery from Dularing areas, late early 5thC
n Social Science
196
nally diamonds
example is frowith concentricongly twisted c
frames and fYinpan, Noin-ines of differe
with floral or gdiamonds or l
s (Figure 4 in n a piece from
idered textiles
mond frame onom Shanpula, 2rly 4thC AD
ges on embroidermitage Muse
extiles unearth
n an an or 3thC-
Figuemb
or lat
s consists of a
om Dulan or nc lozenge gridcolored silk th
filled with oth-Ula and Dula
ent thickness (geometrical patlozenges are uTable 8), floraNoin-Ula app
unearthed from
n an 2ndC
Fene
deries eum
emb
hed from the Si
ure 3. zigzags broidery from neighboring a
te 3thC- early
set of triangle
neighboring ards of differen
hreads (Figure
her patterns. Tan or neighbor(Figures 1 & 3tterns or occas
usually embellal roundels (Fipear concentric
m the Silk Roa
Figure 3. lozenmbroideries freighboring are
early 5
Figure 6. lozebroidery from 1stC BC-earl
ilk Road
on an Dulan
areas, 5thC
Figuan e
Dulaareas
Vol. 12, No. 1;
es and even sm
reas, showing nt thickness. T4 in Table 7).
There are a lring areas, sho3 in Table 8) esionally used aished, for instgure 11 in Tabc diamonds (F
ad
nge frame on rom Dulan or eas, late 3thC- 5thC
enges on an Noin-Ula, late
ly 1stC AD
ure 4. zigzags embroidery froan or neighbors, late 3thC- ea
5thC
2016
maller
large These
ot of wing
either alone ance, ble 2) igure
e
on om ring arly
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Chevrons collection stitch withthin threadlatter is us
8. Crosses
It is not clozenges eneighborinblue grounthreads anformed by1960).
Table 10. C
Figurembroide
BC
9. Geomet
Table 11. Eunearthed
Figure
However, from ZhagZhagunlukformed byof decoratifrom the showever, fconsisting
net.org/ass
and zigzags of China Nati
h thick threads ds and loosely ed as pattern f
s
common to seembroidered wng areas, bearinnd. Another pd outlined wit
y alternately ar
Crosses on the
e 1. crosses onery from Niya-early 4thC AD
trical Pattern
Examples of gfrom the Silk
e 1. geometricaZhagunluke, e
in some casesgunluke and a ke is composey short equidistive pattern (Fisame tomb (Mfrom the relicsof two triang
are found ononal Silk Musand closely ararranged (Fig
filled in other f
ee crosses on with dark browng checks each
piece from theh more crosserranged rectan
e embroidered
n an , 2ndC D
emnei
ns Consisting o
geometrical paRoad
al patterns on aearly 8thC BC-
s geometrical ppiece from Nid of three parttant curves, onigure 1 in Tabl
Museum of Chs dating to the les or approxi
Asian
n the embroidseum. There arrranged (Figurgures 2 & 4 in frames and als
embroideries.wn-colored woh enclosing a c same areas ss inside and ou
ngles, mushroo
textiles uneart
Figure 2. crosmbroidery fromighboring area
early 5t
of More Than
atterns consisti
an embroidery-late 1stC BC
patterns are a iya for exampts, two triangl
ne is outlined tle 11). Similarhinese Historysimilar period
imately two tri
n Social Science
197
eries from Dure two types ofes 1 & 3 in TaTable 9). Geno as a method
. One examplol threads on cross embroideshows a large utside. A piece
om-shaped geo
thed from the S
sses on a m Dulan or as, late 3thC- thC
n One Geomet
ing of more th
y from Fig
result of comble. The unit pales at two endthe other is notr red-painted py et al, 2002). d found in neigiangles formed
ulan or neighf chevrons andable 9), the othnerally, the form
to join textiles
e is from Niywhite felt. Anered with threacross embroid
e from Noin-Uometrical patte
Silk Road
Figure 3. cDulan or
tries
han one geome
gure 2. geomefrom Niya
bining more thattern on the es and a whorlt. The unit pat
pattern was alsWhat this pa
ghboring areasd by short cur
hboring areas d zigzags: one her is executed mer is adopteds of different la
ya, showing cnother exampleads in beige andered with red
Ula also show aerns and crosse
crosses on an eneighboring a
early 5thC
etries on the em
trical patterns a, 2ndC BC-ear
han one geomeembroidered w in the middle
ttern freely repso found on a yattern indicatess, we found parves with a wh
Vol. 12, No. 1;
in Qinghai inis executed inin short stitch
d as frames anayers together
crosses enclosee is from Duland dark brownd and blue coa rectangular fes (Sueji Ume
embroidery froareas, late 3thCC
mbroidered tex
on an embroidrly 4thC AD
etries. Take a pwool fragment e. The trianglepeats to from ayellow wool tes is still unknatterns of this shorl in between
2016
n the long with d the .
ed in an or
n on a lored
frame ehara,
om C-
xtiles
dery
piece from
es are strip
extile nown, sort - n - is
www.ccsenet.org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 12, No. 1; 2016
198
widely spread (Kuang, 2013b). The uppers of a pair of leather boots unearthed from Niya is decorated with colored embroidered geometrical patterns, consisting of rectangles in two rows in the middle with triangles and whorls at two sides. The rectangles are divided into several smaller geometries and according to the structure they can be classified into two groups: one is divided into a lozenge in the centre around with four triangles and one is divided into a “T”-shaped geometry, two geometries similar to trapezoid and a triangle. Rectangles of this two sorts are finally arranged in staggered rows (Figure 2 in Table 11).
10. Conclusion
Embroidered textiles of the Han and Tang dynasties, which are the most important archaeological evidences for the study of embroidery in the Han and Tang dynasties, are mainly found in the graveyards or ancient sites along the Silk Road in China. The evidences show that geometrical pattern is another common motif on embroidered textiles from the Silk Road, especially on the embroideries dating from the Han and Jin dynasties unearthed from Xinjiang province and the embroidered textiles of the Northern Wei dynasty from Dulan or neighboring areas in Qinghai province now in the collection of China National Silk Museum. The regular geometrical patterns on the embroidered textiles from the Silk Road include dots, roundels, waves, whorls, triangles, diamonds, lozenges, chevrons, zigzags and crosses. As the most common motif, dots not only intersperse with other patterns or form lines as edgings but also create frames of various kinds such as roundels, diamonds and hexagons etc. then filled with other patterns. Diamonds are also common, besides serving as pattern they are often used as frames. In addition, there are examples consisting of more than one type of geometrical patterns. The geometrical patterns on the embroidered textiles from the Silk Road reflects the design philosophy of the Han and Tang, especially the Han, Jin and Northern Wei dynasties, which not only promote a better understanding of pattern design in this period but also provide a helpful reference to pattern design in modern times.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. 14LSC002) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. JUSRP11469).
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