patrolling - lesson plan
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PATROLLING
FUNDAMENTALS
CS1101
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DEFINITION OF A PATROL
A patrol is a detachment of
ground, sea or air forces sentout for the purpose of gatheringinformation or carrying out a
destructive, harassing,mopping-up or security mission
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THE PURPOSE OF PATROLLING
Gain current information aboutenemy/terrain
Destroy enemy installations
Capture enemy personnel
Perform security missions
Prevent the enemy from gaininginformation
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TYPES OF PATROLS
CLASSIFIED INTO TWO GROUPS
MISSION
MEANS OF MOVEMENT
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PATROL TYPES
ReconnaissanceGather informationabout enemy, terrain, and/or resources
Relies on stealth rather than combatstrength
Fight only when necessary to
accomplish mission/defendthemselves
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RECONNAISSANCE PATROLS
RouteObtain info on a specified
route and associated terrainAreaObtain info on enemy,
terrain, and/or resources in a given
area (e.g., a village)
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RECONNAISSANCE PATROLS
Zone- Info concerning all routes,
obstacles (to include chemical/
radiological contamination), terrain,
and enemy forces within a zone defined
by boundaries
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PATROL TYPES
CombatFighting patrol; may engage
enemy
ContactEstablishes and maintains
contact with friendly or enemy force
AmbushSurprise attack from aconcealed position
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COMBAT PATROLS CONT.
RaidExecutes a limited objective,
surprise attack on an enemy force
or installation and thenconducts a
planned withdrawal
Security - Prevents infiltration andor surprise attacks
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PATROL CLASSIFIED BY
MEANS OF MOVEMENT
FootMost common; limited range
MotorizedGreater range; limited by
terrain
WaterborneUsed as entry for patrol
HelicopterborneWhere terrain orsituation precludes use of vehicles
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PATROL ORGANIZATION
Organization of a patrol is a two-step
process.
General organization- entire patrol
Task organization- patrol units
The major subdivisions of patrols arecalled elements
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GENERAL ORGANIZATION
Typical patrol elements:
Headquarters
Support element
Security element
Assault element
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TASK ORGANIZATION
Patrols are further subdivided into
teams
Each team performs essential,
designated tasks
Patrol members must know how toperform tasks assigned to all members
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INDIVIDUAL TASKS
Assistant Patrol Leader- Assists the PL;
takes charge in absence of PL
Radio OperatorMaintains
communication; reports incoming
transmissions to PL
NavigatorMaintains direction ofmovement in accordance w/ patrol route
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INDIVIDUAL TASKS
Pace ManAssists PL in determining
distance patrol has traveled
FlanksHelps prevent a surprise
attack to the patrols flanks
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GATHERING INFORMATION
A commander often acts on informationfurnished by scouts and patrols.
While scouting or patrolling, informationmay be gathered through direct enemy
observation or through the interpretationof signs and tracks.
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DIRECT OBSERVATION
Most common method: Listening Posts
and/or Observation Posts (LP/OPs)
Typically used in a defensive position
Can also be observed by any member of
a patrolAll members must report their sightings
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SIGNS AND TRACKS
Footprints and bivouac site can indicate
number of enemy troops
Condition of bivouac site indicates morale,discipline and the type of withdrawal
Vehicle tracks indicate enemy equipment
Wheels vs. tracks
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METHODS OF REPORTING
INFORMATION
Distinguish between facts and opinions
Answer:
Who?
What?
Where? When?
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VERBAL MESSAGES
Radio is fastest for verbal reporting
Messenger used when radio is unavailable
Always repeat message out loud
Report information obtained along route
If captured, do not reveal information in
the message
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WRITTEN MESSAGES
Preferred to verbal messages
Should be brief, accurate, and clear
Should include overlay/sketch of
situation observed or interpreted
May be posted as a formal report
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PYROTECHNICS
Flares, colored smoke, and grenades
may be used for reporting information
Meaning of signal must be established
in advance of operation
Example: Green star cluster = enemyapproach
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SALUTE REPORT
Size/strength
Activity/Actions
Location/direction
Unit identification
Time and date
Equipment/weapons
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SALUTE REPORT
Information about observer must include:
Location at time of observation
Intention of originator and/or observer
Remain in position?
Continue with mission?
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SAMPLE SALUTE REPORT
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SAMPLE SALUTE REPORT
S-Four enemy fighters
A-Vehicle-mounted patrol
L-GC 783209 moving east U-Local Taliban militia
T-Observed 20020106 at 1545
E-Traditional clothing, AK-47s, red Toyotatruck
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10 MINUTE BREAK
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CONTROL MEASURES
Used as a means of controlling the
movement of a patrol and aid the
patrol leader in keeping a patrol
organized
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CHECKPOINTS
Predetermined point used to control
movement
Means of control between the parent
unit and the patrol
Higher can follow progress of patrolwithout transmitting coordinates
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RALLY POINTS
Easily identifiable point on the ground
where units can reassemble. It should:
Provide cover and concealment
Be defensible for a short time
Be easily recognized and known toall patrol members
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INITIAL RALLY POINTS
Within friendly lines where patrol can
rally if it becomes separated before
departing friendly area
May be the assembly area
Location must be coordinated withforward unit commander
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EN ROUTE RALLY POINTS
Between the initial rally point and
objective rally point (ORP)
Between ORP and re-entry rally point
Determined as patrol passes through a
suitable area
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OBJECTIVE RALLY POINT
Where patrol makes final preparations
before approaching the objective and
reassembles after completing mission
Must be suitable to perform activities
accomplished prior to actions on
objective
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INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS AT
CONTROL MEASURES
CheckpointsActions will vary
depending on how unit uses CPs
Patrol may pass CP and radio
information to higher unit
Patrol may halt at CP tochange directions, study the map, etc.
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INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS AT
CONTROL MEASURES CONT.
Rally Point Actions
Planned actions must provide for:
Continuation of patrol, if possible
Recognition signals for assembly
Min. members and max. waiting time Instructions for members who are alone
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INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS AT
CONTROL MEASURES CONT.
Initial and En Route Rally Points
As personnel return to RP, senior
Marine will take charge and follow
instructions as outlined during patrol
order
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WARNING ORDER
Issued as soon as practical
Contains sufficient information to
assist patrol members in preparation
Posted in unit area
Everyone is responsible for reading itUses modified 5-paragraph order
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WARNING ORDER CONT.
Situation:
Enemy and friendly situation
Mission:
Exactly as the PL received it
Everyone must remember andunderstand the patrols mission
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WARNING ORDER CONT.
General instructions
General and special organization
Uniform and equip common to all
Weapons, ammo, and equipment
Chain of command Time schedule for patrols guidance
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WARNING ORDER CONT.
Specific instructions
To subordinate leaders:
Information about drawing gear
Personnel to accompany PL on
reconnaissance (if necessary)Guidance on special preparation
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WARNING ORDER CONT.
Specific instructions
To special purpose teams or key
individuals Address reqs of designated
personnel/teams
Remind individuals/team leaders tocheck the equipment
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PATROL ORDER
Follows a warning order
Detailed description of how patrol will
accomplish mission
All patrol members should be present
Usually given over a terrain modelBegins with an orientation
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SITUATION
Contains information on overall status
of friendly and enemy forces
EnemySALUTE, DRAW-DG
FriendlyHigher, adjacent, and
supporting units missions Attachments and Detachments
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MISSION
Clear and concise statement of what
patrol is to accomplish
Expresses unit's primary task and
purpose (5 Ws)
PL should also specify whether missionor time has priority
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EXECUTION
Commander's IntentEnd state
Concept of OperationsConduct of
patrol
TasksMissions of subordinate units
Coordinating InstructionsTaskscommon to all.
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ADMIN & LOGISTICS
Info for subordinate units to coordinatetasks
Beans Bullets
Batteries
Band-Aids
Bad Guys
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COMMAND & SIGNAL
Information relating to command and
communications (control) functions:
Radio frequencies and brevity codes
Challenge and password
Succession of command PL and APL locations during patrol
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INSPECTIONS
Initial:
Completeness and correctness of
uniform and equipment
Rehearsals are conducted as
realistically as possible w/all requiredgear and equipment
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REHEARSALS
Familiarizes members with actions to
take during patrol
Conducted in similar conditions
All actions should be rehearsed
Most critical phases have priority
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FINAL INSPECTION
Final:
All equipment is still in working
order
Discrepancies have been corrected
Unit is ready to embark onmission
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FINAL INSPECTION CONT.
Uniform and equipment:
Camouflage
Identification tags and cards
Prescribed equipment is serviceable
Equipment has been silenced No unnecessary equipment
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FINAL INSPECTION CONT.
Each member knows and understands:
MISSION!
Planned routes
Individuals role
Roles of the other members Signals and other pertinent details
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NOISE AND LIGHT DISCIPLINE
AND CAMOUFLAGE
Light is easily detected at night.
Noise will compromise your position.
During the day or night, the eye will pickup unusual shapes, color, and movement.
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LIGHT DISCIPLINE
Expose nothing that reflects light
Cover/remove reflective items
Do not use light sources
No smoking allowed at anytime
PL will designate what kind oflight to be used during halts
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NOISE DISCIPLINE
Ensure all gear is properly secured
Silence gear to reduce unwanted noises
Top off canteens before step off
Stop frequently during patrol to listen
Do not speak unless necessary
Use hand and arm signals
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CAMOUFLAGE
Shiny areasdark
paint
Shadow areaslight
paint
Field expedient meansonly as last resort
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CONCEALMENT
Blend in with
surroundings
Remain motionless
when observing
If it goes with you-itcomes back with you
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10 MINUTE BREAK
Out side small arms range
Conduct Short Security Halt
EXITING FRIENDLY LINES
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CONTACT
GUIDE
FEBAFEBA
RANGER FILE
FORMATION
XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x
APERS
MINEFIELDS
Co duct S o t Secu ty a t
Conduct Head count
CONDUCT HEAD COUNT
- Conduct security halt
- Continue patrol
(Max range of small arms)
EXITING FRIENDLY LINES
Dispersed
file formation
FEBA
Antipersonnel
minefield
FEBA
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SECURITY
Scouts used as eyes and ears
of the patrol
Front-Investigates route of advance
Flanks-One or two used for
squad sized patrol Rear-Maintains rear security
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SECURITY HALTS
Used: To observe and listen for enemyactivity. Also;
When reaching a danger area After departing and before entering
friendly areas
When sending a message, checkingdirection, or making a reconnaissance
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SHORT SECURITY HALT
Take a knee or get in
prone behind cover and concealment
All-round security is established
Patrol Leader ensures all members move
out when patrol resumes movement
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LONG SECURITY HALT
Used when patrol must halt for
an extended period of time
Move to an area that provides
security from enemy detection
Consists of passive and active securitymeasures.
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PASSIVE SECURITY MEASURES
Select a remote area
Avoid suspected enemy positions
Avoid ridgelines, topographic crests,
valleys, lakes, streams, roads, and trails
Avoid open woods and clearings Select areas offering dense vegetation
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ACTIVE SECURITY MEASURES
Establish security
Establish communications with posted
security
Plan for withdrawal in the event of
discoveryEstablish an alert plan
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RE-ENTRY OF FRIENDLY LINES
Conducts a long security halt at RRP
Listens and looks for enemy presence
PL requests permission to reenter
friendly lines
PL takes radioman and security teamto link up w/guide(s) at contact point
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RE-ENTRY OF FRIENDLY LINES
CONT.
PL initiates far recognition signal and
guide responds
PL approaches, guide initiates near
recognition signal and PL responds
2 Marines return to patrolAPL moves patrol to contact point
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RE-ENTRY OF FRIENDLY LINES
CONT.
Guide(s) lead patrol from contact point
into passage point
At passage point, PL (w/security)
counts members into passage lane
PL provides FUC w/ SALUTE reportPL takes patrol to S-2 for debrief
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DEMONSTRATION
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PRACTICAL APPLICATION
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SUMMARY