paths to radicalization
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Jonathan White
Paths to Radicalization
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Radicalization Process
• Adopting violent extremist position
• To address perceived injustice
• By taking violent actions
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Purpose of Briefing
• Identify specific behaviors from specific incidents
Moscow metro: 19 black widows could
launch fresh attacks
Nineteen "black widow" female suicide
bombers trained by an Islamist terrorist
known as "the Russian Bin Laden" remain
at large and may launch fresh attacks on
Moscow, Russian investigators have
warned.
Moscow metro:19 black widows could launch fresh attacks
Nineteen "black widow" female suicide bombers trained by an Islamist terrorist known as "the Russian Bin Laden" remain at large and may launch fresh attacks on Moscow, Russian investigators have warned.
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
You Will Learn:
• WHY it happens
• HOW it happens
• WHAT you may observe
• SPECIFIC CASES of radicalization
• ACTIONS to take when there isreasonable suspicion
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Radicalization Is a Process
• Social
• Psychological
• “Big Picture” solutions
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Normal
• Everybody goes through such processes
• Key is violence
• Radicalization = Violent Criminal Activity
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Process Results From:
• Feeling “alone”
• Crisis
• Move toward violent solutions
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Because It’s a Process
• Observable behaviors at each stage
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Who Observes?
• Family
• Friends
• Teachers
• Fellow workers, peers
• Law enforcement
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Why?
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Feeling Alone
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Aloneness Produces
• Vulnerability to exploitation
• Search for answers
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Most People:
• Accept mystery
• Live in tension
• Accept life
• Exhibit “normal” behavior
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Deep Crisis
• Cannot accept situation
• Open to radical solutions
• Want to take action
• Give behavioral clues
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Sources for Radicalization
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Groups Exploit Process
• Hizb-ut-Tahrir
• Tablighi Jamaat
• Christian Identity
• Cults – Aum Shinrikyo
• Anarchist
• Street gangs
• Groups Give a Sense of Belonging
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
How?
• Not a single process
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Moving to a Group
• Alienated youth
• Meet other alienated youths
• Convert to cause
• Become militarized
• Make connection
• Join the group
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Accepting the Story
• Long term
• Reinforced by community
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
The Cosmic Crisis
• Purpose of creation threatened
• Only a small groupknows “The Truth”
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Modernity Path
ACCEPT ACCOMMODATE REJECT
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
No Single Road
• Each path starts with alienation
• Alienation is public, observable
• Each path involves exposure to violence
• Violent indicators are public and observable
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
What?
• Suspicious activities you may observe
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Groups Calling for Violence
• Elohim City
• Sheik Gilani
• Cult
• Hizb-ut-Tahrir
• Tablighi Jamaat
• KKK
http://www.flickr.com/photos/36703550@N00/4399010971/
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Militant Preaching
• Anwar al Awlaki
• August Kreis
• Harold Charles Turner
• Yusuf al Khattab –
Revolution Muslim
For notes page: Reena Rose Sibayan/ Journal PhotoWhite Supremacist and radio talk show host
Harold Charles Turner, of North Bergen, appears yesterday at Central Judicial Processing Court in
Jersey City via a video link from the Hudson County Jail in Kearny, with his lawyer Michael Orozco,
right
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Prison Radicalization
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Prison Groups
• Abu Hamza
• Jailed terrorists recruiting
• Jailed terrorists leading protests
• Jailed terrorists joining prison gangs
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Home-Grown Prison Group
• Charismatic emergent leader
• Alienated weak personality followers
• Increasingly isolate themselves from other prisoners
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Prisons’ External Recruitment
• “Chaplains” • Extremist literature and sermons
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Radicalized Conversion
• Crisis seeking
• Protection seeking
• Searching
• Manipulating
• Free World recruit
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Prison Radicalization
• Terrorists recruited by Prison Gang Model
• One-on-one conversion by charismatic leader
• Crips gather under banner of Islam
• Aryan Brotherhood moving to Sunnis
• Pitted against Nation of Islam
• Both groups fight Shi`ites
• Prison Islam againstthem all
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
JIS Jamiyyat Ul-Islam Is-Saheeh
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
College Campus Radicalization
• Source of ideas
• Ethnic, nationalist, and religious radicals
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Six Observable Factors1. Adopting legalistic, literalist form of religion
2. Trusts only selected legalistic sources
• Ahmed ibn Taymiyya
• Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahhab
• Hassan al Banna
• Sayyid Qutb
• Abdullah Maududi
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Six Observable Factors (continued)
3. Accepts “Clash of Civilizations”
• West at war with Islam
• Ayman al Zawahiri – 3 choices for infidels
– Slavery
– Conversion
– Death
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Six Observable Factors (continued)
4. No tolerance for theological deviance
5. Vehemently tries to convert other Muslims to narrow interpretations
6. Publically advocatesviolence against U.S. policies
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Radicalization
• Cases of Group Paths
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Somalis
• Omar Hammami
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
2nd-Generation Americans
• Tied to homeland
• Want to be part ofsolution
• Especially vulnerable to:
– Militant preaching
– Internet
– Literature
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Najibullah Zazi
• Arrested September 2009
• Conspiracy to attack U.S.
• Guilty plea
• Indicators
AP
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Zazi—Indicators
• Beauty supply warehouse, Aurora, Colorado
• Bought too many supplies• Too talkative when purchasing• Travel to Pakistan• Internet searches for bomb-
making instructions• Kept bomb plans on computer• Studied London bombings• Telephoned accomplices
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Zazi’s Path to Radicalization
• Group decision – joined with high school friends from Queens
– Zarein Ahmedzay
– Adis Medunjanin
– Planned subway suicide attacks
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Adam Gadahn
• Southern California
• Rural (no running water)
• Parents reject modernity
• Converts to Islam as teenager
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Gadahn’s Public Behavior
• Begins to limit connection to small legalistic group
• Loses American identity
• Openly criticizes American values andnonlegalistic Muslims
• Stops all normal activity
• Associates only with small vocal group
• Speaks of violence
• Provocative and seeks confrontation
• Leaves for al Qaeda
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Gadahn al Americani
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Faisal Shahzad
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Radicalization
• Cases of Individual Paths
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Joe Stack
• Expresses antigovernment rage
• Posts rage on Internet
• Family concerns about stability
• 36-paragraph suicide note
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Major Nadal Malik Hasan
• Individual radicalization
• Palestinian identity crisis
• Frequents radical sermons
• Begins publically expressing views
• Expresses views on e-mail
• Reaching out to be acceptedby al Qaeda
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Jihad Jane
• A life that could be a Country and Western song
• Hard life – leads to alienation
• Religion as the answer
Colleen Renee LaRose
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Public Behavior
• Shorts and T-shirts
• Public drunkenness
• Talking with cats
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Law Enforcement Sensitive
Private Behavior
• Role of the Internet
• Voices jihad in postings – easily followed by terrorist specialists
• E-mails establish attack
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QUESTIONS?
Dr. Jonathan White
Paths to Radicalization