Path to Mission Concept ReviewMichael J. Gazarik

Deputy Director for Programs

System Engineering Directorate

NASA Langley Research Center

October 23, 2008

Robert Reisse

CLARREO Study Project Manger

Contributors

Michelle Garn, Paul Speth, Steve Hall

2

Outline

• Science and Engineering Interaction: Key to Mission Success

• Purpose of a Mission Concept Review (MCR)

• Required Products for a Successful MCR

• Schedule of Activities leading to MCR

• Integrated System Engineering Team

• What we need from the Science Community

3

CLARREO & DESDynI• CLARREO & DESDynI are the next Decadal Survey missions

to be addressed by the ESD

– Both missions are directed science missions with individual budget lines. They are managed out of the Earth Systematic Missions (ESM) Program Office located at GSFC

• The CLARREO mission is led by LaRC, with GSFC support

– Draft level 1 requirements & initial international partnership discussions, Fall 2008

– Initial mission concepts, Spring 2009,

– Full technology readiness assessment, MCR October 2009

• The DESDynI is led by JPL, with a significant GSFC contribution

– Draft level 1 requirements & initial international partnership discussions, Fall 2008

– Mission configuration down select, Spring 2009

– Full technology readiness assessment, MCR October 2009

From Steve Volz, Associate Director, Flight Programs, NASA Earth Science Division

4

5

CALIPSO

6

NASA Mission LifeCycle

• Pre-Phase A: Concept Studies

– MCR: Mission Concept Review

• Phase A: Concept & Technology Development

– SRR: System Requirements Review

• Phase B: Preliminary Design

– PDR: Preliminary Design Review

– Technology Readiness Level should be at least 6

• Phase C: Final Design

– CDR: Critical Design Review

• Phase D: Assembly, Integration & Test

• Phase E: Operations

• Phase F: Closeout

7

Mission Concept Review (MCR)NASA Life Cycle Phases

ProjectLife Cycle Phases

Pre-Phase A:ConceptStudies

Phase A:Concept & Technology

Development

Phase B:Preliminary Design &

Technology Completion

Phase C:Final Design &

Fabrication

Approval for Implementation

FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION

KDP CProject Life Cycle Gates & Major Events

Operations Pre-Systems Acquisition Systems Acquisition

Phase E:Operations

& Sustainment

KDP A

Launch

KDP D

Phase D:System Assembly, Int & Test, Launch

KDP B

Phase F:Closeout

Decommissioning

End of Mission

FOOTNOTES

1. Flexibility is allowed in the timing, number, and content of reviews as long as the equivalent information is provided at each KDP and the approach is fully documented in the Project Plan. These reviews are conducted by the project for the independent SRB. See Section 2.5 and Table 2-6.

2. PRR needed for multiple (≥4) system copies. Timing is notional.3. CERRs are established at the discretion of Program Offices.4. For robotic missions, the SRR and the MDR may be combined.5. The ASP and ASM are Agency reviews, not life-cycle reviews.6. Includes recertification, as required. 7. Project Plans are baselined at KDP C and are reviewed and updated as

required, to ensure project content, cost, and budget remain consistent.

Final Archival of Data

KDP F

SMSR, LRR (LV), FRR (LV)

KDP E

Peer Reviews, Subsystem PDRs, Subsystem CDRs, and System Reviews

DRPLARMDR4

Robotic Mission Project Reviews1

MCR SRR PDR CERR3SIR FRR

ACRONYMSASP—Acquisition Strategy Planning MeetingASM—Acquisition Strategy MeetingCDR—Critical Design ReviewCERR—Critical Events Readiness ReviewDR—Decommissioning ReviewFAD—Formulation Authorization DocumentFRR—Flight Readiness ReviewKDP—Key Decision PointLRR—Launch Readiness ReviewMCR—Mission Concept ReviewMDR—Mission Definition ReviewNAR—Non-Advocate Review

ORR—Operational Readiness ReviewPDR—Preliminary Design ReviewPFAR—Post-Flight Assessment ReviewPLAR—Post-Launch Assessment ReviewPNAR—Preliminary Non-Advocate ReviewPRR—Production Readiness ReviewSAR—System Acceptance ReviewSDR—System Definition ReviewSIR—System Integration ReviewSMSR—Safety and Mission Success Review SRR—System Requirements Review

FAD

Draft ProjectRequirements

Launch Readiness Reviews

SDR CDR / PRR2

PDRMCR FRRSRR SIR CERR3PLARSAR

Human Space Flight ProjectReviews1

Re-flights

DR(NAR)(PNAR)

Supporting Reviews

ORRInspections and Refurbishment

Re-enters appropriate life cycle phase if modifications are needed between flights6

End of Flight

PFAR

Preliminary Project Plan

Baseline Project Plan7

ASP5

ORR

ASM5

(NAR)(PNAR)CDR / PRR2

AgencyReviews

NASA Life Cycle Phases

ProjectLife Cycle Phases

Pre-Phase A:ConceptStudies

Phase A:Concept & Technology

Development

Phase B:Preliminary Design &

Technology Completion

Phase C:Final Design &

Fabrication

Approval for Implementation

FORMULATION IMPLEMENTATION

KDP CKDP CProject Life Cycle Gates & Major Events

Operations Pre-Systems Acquisition Systems Acquisition

Phase E:Operations

& Sustainment

KDP AKDP A

LaunchLaunch

KDP D

Phase D:System Assembly, Int & Test, Launch

KDP B

Phase F:Closeout

Decommissioning

End of MissionEnd of Mission

FOOTNOTES

1. Flexibility is allowed in the timing, number, and content of reviews as long as the equivalent information is provided at each KDP and the approach is fully documented in the Project Plan. These reviews are conducted by the project for the independent SRB. See Section 2.5 and Table 2-6.

2. PRR needed for multiple (≥4) system copies. Timing is notional.3. CERRs are established at the discretion of Program Offices.4. For robotic missions, the SRR and the MDR may be combined.5. The ASP and ASM are Agency reviews, not life-cycle reviews.6. Includes recertification, as required. 7. Project Plans are baselined at KDP C and are reviewed and updated as

required, to ensure project content, cost, and budget remain consistent.

Final Archival of Data

Final Archival of Data

KDP F KDP F

SMSR, LRR (LV), FRR (LV)

KDP E KDP E

Peer Reviews, Subsystem PDRs, Subsystem CDRs, and System Reviews

DRDRPLARPLARMDR4

Robotic Mission Project Reviews1

MCR SRR PDR CERR3SIR FRR

ACRONYMSASP—Acquisition Strategy Planning MeetingASM—Acquisition Strategy MeetingCDR—Critical Design ReviewCERR—Critical Events Readiness ReviewDR—Decommissioning ReviewFAD—Formulation Authorization DocumentFRR—Flight Readiness ReviewKDP—Key Decision PointLRR—Launch Readiness ReviewMCR—Mission Concept ReviewMDR—Mission Definition ReviewNAR—Non-Advocate Review

ORR—Operational Readiness ReviewPDR—Preliminary Design ReviewPFAR—Post-Flight Assessment ReviewPLAR—Post-Launch Assessment ReviewPNAR—Preliminary Non-Advocate ReviewPRR—Production Readiness ReviewSAR—System Acceptance ReviewSDR—System Definition ReviewSIR—System Integration ReviewSMSR—Safety and Mission Success Review SRR—System Requirements Review

FADFAD

Draft ProjectRequirements

Launch Readiness Reviews

SDR CDR / PRR2

PDRMCR FRRSRR SIR CERR3PLARSAR

Human Space Flight ProjectReviews1

Re-flights

DRDR(NAR)(PNAR)

Supporting Reviews

ORRInspections and Refurbishment

Re-enters appropriate life cycle phase if modifications are needed between flights6

End of Flight

PFARPFARPFAR

Preliminary Project PlanPreliminary Project Plan

Baseline Project Plan7

Baseline Project Plan7

ASP5ASP5

ORR

ASM5

(NAR)(PNAR)CDR / PRR2

AgencyReviews

• Related to Key Decision Point (KDP A) – used by NASA to decide if mission should move into Phase A (Formulation)

• Our opportunity to advocate to Agency management and independent review board that mission is well formulated and defined – with rationale for key decisions

8

Roadmap to Mission Concept Review (MCR)

Science Imperatives (Goals), Objectives, QuestionsObjective: Establish a climate benchmark for testing/validation of climate modelsDetailed Science Questions

Level 1 RequirementsFrom the objectives develop level 1 requirements.CLARREO shall measure xx with an accuracy of xx and spatial resolution of xx, etcMCR deliverable: Level 1 Requirements Document

Mission Requirements & Operational ConceptDevelop mission requirements and a concept of operation for the mission from level 1 requirements.MCR deliverable: Preliminary Mission Requirements Document MCR deliverable: Preliminary Mission Operations Concept Document

Mission DesignRobust Baseline Mission Design. Include descope options, cost, & scheduleMCR deliverable: Mission Concept Report, Schedule, Cost Analysis

Technology Maturity, Risk Assessment & MitigationAssess technology maturity and develop a risk assessment & mitigation approach.MCR deliverable: Technology Maturity, Risk Assessment & Mitigation Document

Mission Concept Review (MCR) – Must pass this review to move from the Pre-Phase A phase (i.e., Concept Studies) into Phase A (i.e., Concept and Technology Development)

Iterate

Initial conceptcomplete?

No

Yes

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MCR Deliverables• Level 1 Requirements

• Systems Drivers, strawman needed to start mission analysis

– Preliminary Mission Requirements Document

– Preliminary Mission Operations Concept Document

• System Driven & Programmatic, mission analysis needed to develop these

– Technology Maturity, Risk Assessment & Mitigation

– Mission Acquisition Approach

– Formulation Authorization Document (FAD) required to enter phase A

• Cost Analysis Internal and External to Project

• Work Breakdown Structure

• Schedule

– Full Project Lifecycle Schedule

– Detailed Phase A Schedule

• Other documents required

– Architecture & System Concept Report

– Mission Concept Report

– Institutional Capabilities

– V&V draft for risk reduction

– Draft Project Plan

– Systems Engineering Management Plan

– MCR Presentation Package

– Draft Configuration Management Plan

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CLARREO MissionWBS

CLARREO MissionWBS

WBS 1.0Project

Management

WBS 1.0Project

Management

WBS 2.0 Systems

Engineering

WBS 2.0 Systems

Engineering

WBS 3.0Safety & Mission

Assurance

WBS 3.0Safety & Mission

Assurance

WBS 4.0Science

WBS 4.0Science

WBS 5.0Payload

WBS 5.0Payload

WBS 6.0SpacecraftWBS 6.0Spacecraft

WBS 7.0Mission

Operations

WBS 7.0Mission

Operations

WBS 8.0 Launch

Systems

WBS 8.0 Launch

Systems

WBS 9.0Ground Systems

WBS 9.0Ground Systems

WBS 10.0Systems

Integration and Test

WBS 10.0Systems

Integration and Test

WBS 11.0Education &

Public Outreach

WBS 11.0Education &

Public Outreach

WBS 1.1Project Mgmt

WBS 1.1Project Mgmt

WBS 1.2 Business

Mgmt

WBS 1.2 Business

Mgmt

WBS 1.3Project

Planning & Schedule

Mgmt

WBS 1.3Project

Planning & Schedule

Mgmt

WBS 1.4Project

Reviews

WBS 1.4Project

Reviews

WBS 1.5Facilities

WBS 1.5Facilities

WBS 1.6Travel

WBS 1.6Travel

WBS 2.1Requiret’sDevel. & Mgmt.

WBS 2.1Requiret’sDevel. & Mgmt.

WBS 2,2 Risk MgmtWBS 2,2 Risk Mgmt

WBS 2,3 Configura-tion Mgmt

WBS 2,3 Configura-tion Mgmt

WBS 2.4 Trade Study

Mgmt

WBS 2.4 Trade Study

Mgmt

WBS 2.5 Interfaces

WBS 2.5 Interfaces

WBS 3.1Safety & Mission

Assurance Mgmt

WBS 3.1Safety & Mission

Assurance Mgmt

WBS 3.2System Safety

WBS 3.2System Safety

WBS 3.3Reliability

Engineering

WBS 3.3Reliability

Engineering

WBS 3.4EEE Parts

Engineering

WBS 3.4EEE Parts

Engineering

WBS 3.5Quality

Assurance Engineering

WBS 3.5Quality

Assurance Engineering

WBS 3.6 Materials & ProcessesAssurance

WBS 3.6 Materials & ProcessesAssurance

WBS 3.7Contamina-tion ControlAssurance

WBS 3.7Contamina-tion ControlAssurance

WBS 3.8Software

IV&V

WBS 3.8Software

IV&V

WBS 3.9Mission

OperationsAssurance

WBS 3.9Mission

OperationsAssurance

WBS 4.1Science Mgmt

WBS 4.1Science Mgmt

WBS 4.2Science Team

WBS 4.2Science Team

WBS 4.3 Measure-

ment Validation

WBS 4.3 Measure-

ment Validation

WBS 4.4Climate

Modeling

WBS 4.4Climate

Modeling

WBS 4.5Science

Data Support

WBS 4.5Science

Data Support

WBS 4.6Operational

Support

WBS 4.6Operational

Support

WBS 4.7Instrument Modeling

WBS 4.7Instrument Modeling

WBS 5.1Payload

Mgmt

WBS 5.1Payload

Mgmt

WBS 5.2 PayloadSystem

Engineering

WBS 5.2 PayloadSystem

Engineering

WBS 5.3.1Solar

Spectro-meter

WBS 5.3.1Solar

Spectro-meter

WBS 5.3.2Far IR

Spectro-meter

WBS 5.3.2Far IR

Spectro-meter

WBS 5.3.3GPS

Instrument

WBS 5.3.3GPS

Instrument

WBS 6.1 Spacecraft

Mgmt

WBS 6.1 Spacecraft

Mgmt

WBS 6.2SpacecraftWBS 6.2Spacecraft

WBS 6.2.2Structural

WBS 6.2.2Structural

WBS 6.2.3C&DH

WBS 6.2.3C&DH

WBS 6.2.4Power

WBS 6.2.4Power

WBS 6.2.5Thermal

WBS 6.2.5Thermal

WBS 6.2.6Communications

WBS 6.2.6Communications

WBS 6.2.4.1Battery

WBS 6.2.4.1Battery

WBS 6.2.4.2Solar Arrays

WBS 6.2.4.2Solar Arrays

WBS 6.2.4.3Charging & Distribution

WBS 6.2.4.3Charging & Distribution

WBS 7.1Mission

Operations Mgmt

WBS 7.1Mission

Operations Mgmt

WBS 7.2Spacecraft Operations

WBS 7.2Spacecraft Operations

WBS 7.3Instrument Operations

WBS 7.3Instrument Operations

WBS 7.4Data

Processing

WBS 7.4Data

Processing

WBS 9.1Ground Systems

Mgmt

WBS 9.1Ground Systems

Mgmt

WBS 9.2Ground Stations

WBS 9.2Ground Stations

WBS 9.3Communications

WBS 9.3Communications

WBS 9.4Ops CentersWBS 9.4

Ops Centers

WBS 9.12.1Spacecraft

Commanding

WBS 9.12.1Spacecraft

Commanding

WBS 9.2.2Data Relay

WBS 9.2.2Data Relay

WBS 6.2.8Interfaces

WBS 6.2.8Interfaces

WBS 8.1Launch Mgmt

WBS 8.1Launch Mgmt

WBS 8.2Launch Vehicle

WBS 8.2Launch Vehicle

WBS 8.3 Launch

Services

WBS 8.3 Launch

Services

WBS 8.2.1SE

WBS 8.2.1SE

WBS 8.2.2Interfaces

WBS 8.2.2Interfaces

WBS 6.2.1Spacecraft

SE

WBS 6.2.1Spacecraft

SE

WBS 10.1Payload to Spacecraft Integration

WBS 10.1Payload to Spacecraft Integration

WBS 10.2Spacecraft to Launch Vehicle

Integration

WBS 10.2Spacecraft to Launch Vehicle

Integration

WBS 6.2.7Attitude Control, etc.

WBS 6.2.7Attitude Control, etc.

WBS 6.2.7.1Attitude ControlWBS 6.2.7.1Attitude Control

WBS 6.2.7.2Propulsion

WBS 6.2.7.2Propulsion

WBS 6.2.9 Pyro/

Release

WBS 6.2.9 Pyro/

Release

WBS 2,6 Contamination Control

WBS 2,6 Contamination Control

WBS 2.7 Materials & Processes

WBS 2.7 Materials & Processes

WBS 5.3Payload

WBS 5.3Payload

WBS 5.3.4IR Spectro-

meter

WBS 5.3.4IR Spectro-

meter

11

CLARREO Systems Engineering Chart

Mission Concept Development

•Identifying trades

•Initial analysis (small team)

•Developing Engineering Data Request Matrix

•Developing Engineering Trade Matrix

•Cost AnalysisSub-systems being staffed

•Orbital Mechanics

•Thermal

•Comm & Data

•Optical

•Structural

•Mechanical

•Power

•Avionics

•Electronics

•Software

•S/C Interfaces

•Propulsion

GPS RO

Solar Reflected Spectrometer

Near-IR to Mid-IR Spectrometer

Mid-IR to Far-IR Spectrometer

Requirements

•Instrument requirements

•Science baseline mission focused on inter-calibration

•Science baseline mission focused on benchmarking

•Demonstration mission

•Ground Systems

•Mission Operations

Developing traceability between on-going trade studies and mission parameter requirements

Monitor ICD Development & Control

Launch Vehicle Interface

Spacecraft Bus Interface

Mission Ops Interface

Ground Systems Interface

Software

Requirements Management

•Definition, flow down, tracking

•Requirement mgt tool

•Level 1 Requirements Doc

•Mission Requirements DocConfiguration Management

•CM tool, processes, planSchedule Development

•Project full life cycle

•Detailed phase A planScience Trade Study Mgt

•Tracking current studies

•Identifying gapsTechnical Resource Mgt

•Margins mgtTechnology ReadinessFADSEMPProject PlanMission Acquisition ReportWBSV&V

Project Systems EngineerMichelle Garn

ConsultantJohn Rogers

SE DeliverablesManagementRick Walker

Flight SystemsIntegrationCraig Jones

Mission Design &Analysis

Paul Speth

Operational ConceptsSteve Hall

Payload InterfaceManagement

Dave Johnson

12

Defining Engineering Space: Mission Trades

• Number of satellites and orbit selection

– Benchmark and/or inter-calibration

– Diurnal cycle and/or orbital overlap for inter-calibration

• Instrument redundancy

• Spacecraft pointing versus nadir only

• Spectral range and resolution

• Spatial and temporal sampling requirements

• Footprint size

• GPS requirements

• Validation approach (i.e., aircraft, other satellites, balloons, redundant instruments)

• Level of international partnering

• Scope of mission (i.e., demonstration versus operational mission)

13

Mission Trade Space Considerations

Each variation can be used to

Attitude Control System

Structure PropulsionPower

SubsystemThermal

SubsystemTelemetryTracking &

Control

CommandData

Handling

Attitude Mode

Stabilization Method

Component Sizing

CPU Throughput

Data storage

Instrument interfaces

TLM/CMD Frequency

TLM/CMD Ground Support

Modulation/ Encoding

Passive vs. Active

Payload Thermal Interfaces

Thermal Biasing

Array structure

Array articulation

Cell and Battery Sizing

Payload location / interfaces

Boom complexity

Meet thermal, viewing, and stiffness requirement

Fuel system config

Fuel and Engine trades

Tank sizing for max prop load

Benchmark, Inter-calibrationOr Hybrid

Spacecraft Instrument Suite and Redundancy

Pointing requirement responsibility

Mission Lifetime

Spacecraft Subsystem Redundancy

On-orbit operation & duty cycle

Diurnal Sampling or Orbital Overlap

Number of spacecraftSpacecraft Operations & Mission Implementation

Each variation of the top-level science implementation trades will flow into concurrent subsystem designs to

characterize the overall trade space.

14

Define Engineering Space• Parallel Engineering Path

– Define engineering space while science studies are underway• Utilize System Analysis Tools and Integrated Design Tools to efficiently study multiple mission concepts

– Engineering in parallel – develop concept and key trades to get cost by March 2009

– Expect Level 1 Requirements by April 2009 – narrow the trade space

– Conduct traditional integrated design sessions to refine mission until MCR

• Generate cost and technical assessment of mission concepts to support results of science trade results expected in Spring 2009

– Balance the equation• Add cost, risk, and feasibility to discussions of science objectives• Sampling discussion: cost of additional spacecraft and launch, launch vehicle options• Solar and Infrared on same spacecraft: TRL assessment, mass, launch vehicle, cost• Field of View: mass and cost impact of 13Km FOV vs. 100Km FOV, • Crosstrack scanning: mass, power, cost, performance of scanner• Instrument Redundancy: cost of additional instruments

– Baseline a mission concept with respect to NASA Standards and Expectations• Certified Launch Vehicles• Parametric and Grassroots cost estimation

– Develop descope options to baseline concept

• Close cooperation with Earth Science Systematic Mission Program Office– Leverage lessons learned from SMAP and ICESAT-II

Healthy tension

15

Fix

Prelim Results

Final Results

16

Integrated Systems Engineering Team

• Complex mission

– Climate is complex

– Multiple instruments: solar, infrared, far-infrared and GPS

– Not a process mission

– Strong tie to standards and metrology

• Realize Expertise in Climate Community

• Consider Options that Reduce Mission Risk

– Build a diverse and deep systems engineering team that encompasses instrumentation, on-ground calibration, on-orbit calibration, and level 1 processing

– With consideration that some of the instruments and key subsystems will be selected through competitive process

17

What We Need from Science Team• What Engineering Team needs from Science team

– Need rationale for key mission drivers: • Orbit determination – which orbit and how many?

• Instrumentation: Solar, infrared and GPS on same spacecraft?

• Field of view: zonal, regional, or global; facilitate attribution; facilitate validation; facilitate cross-calibration and benchmark

• Inter-calibration concept, radiance benchmark concept, or both?

• Crosstrack: nadir view only sufficient?

• Spectral resolution: not as much of a driver at this stage (assuming >0.5 cm -1)

• Detector noise performance: identify technology drivers & cyrocooler impact

– Level 1 Science requirements– Incorporate: “Better is the evil of good enough” philosophy

• Aiming for 80% solution

– Ability to form to a consensus• Willingness to compromise

• Recognition that continued debate will likely delay mission

• Do we have a team that is interested in the mission, even at the cost of their particular interest?

• Will issues be discussed with rationale tied to the mission science goals?

– Studies with a focused approach• Answer a question that drives mission parameter