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Passivhaus Documentation EntreEncinas House

DUQUEYZAMORA architects page 1 of 21

Passive House Object Documentation

EntreEncinas House, single family house, Villanueva de Pría, Asturias, Spain.

(Passivhaus database number: 2413 )

Technical drawings in this document are not drawn to scale

2.1 Project Overview

Architects:duqueyzamora architects Project Architect: Alicia Zamora Delgado www.estudioduqueyzamora.com EntreEncinas House is a single family house located at an altitude of 38m above sea level and about 700m horizontally from the Cantabric Sea, on a plot of 1050m ², in the village of Villanueva de Pria, in Llanes, Asturias, Spain.

Special features:

- Solar panels for hot water.

- Harvesting rain water system - For the cleaning the house, irrigation of the plot, the washing machine and the toilets flushing.

- Wastewater treatment system for irrigation of the plot too.

- Eco-materials: cork insulation; timber structure; cellular glass insulation; pipes, electrical wiring and material of polypropylene; lime mortar plastered façade; landscaped roof; Avoiding of curtains and PVC blinds; natural limestone floors; and bamboo louver shutters.

U -value exterior walls 0.203 W/(m²K)

U -value floor slab 0.239 W/(m²K)

PHPP Annual heating demand 15 kWh/m²a

U -value roof 0.186 W/(m²K) PHPP primary energy demand 103 kWh/m²a

U -value window 1.27 W/(m²K)

Heat recovery 75%

Air test: 0,39h-¹



2.2 Short Description of Construction

This is a passive house building according to the bio-construction criteria. As a result of the search for a self-sufficient house, the design integrates the energy efficiency standards of both, the Passivhaus and the bioclimatic architecture. This guarantees an energy consumption of almost zero and, moreover the principles of bio-construction that require the use of materials and construction systems with low environmental impact. The climate in the coast area of Asturias is mild-tempered, with plentiful rainfall spread throughout the year and mild temperatures in both winter and summer. The average temperature in winter is between 9-10 º C and between 19 º C-20 º C and in summer. This is the first certified Passivhaus in Asturias, setting a new high standard for energy efficient design for the region. The house has been featured in a number of lectures and articles and has won the first prize of one of the most important National Sustainable construction prizes in Spain. The objective set by the client and owner of the building was: "The building must be certified as"passive house". ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS:

1. Minimize of the power consumption for energy saving. 2. Use of materials and construction systems of low environmental impact. 3. Use of renewable energy with the objective of reducing CO2 emissions.

HEALTH OF USERS:

1. Good indoor air quality. 2. Design of an electric systems

free of electric and electromagnetic fields 3. Use of materials without toxic emissions

SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: 1. Collection and reuse of rainwater to reduce water consumption. 2. Treatment of wastewater by a total oxidation tank. 2.3 Pictures of elevations

South and west facades, which are the viewpoint s of the Northern and Eastern Elevations. West and South Galleries. Note that both of them are”opaque” to avoid energy losses.

Entrance to the plot.

Southand East Elevations. The house seems to be connected to the top of the landscape through the roof garden.



2.4 Pictures of interior

1 2 3

1- Entrance to the house, where we see the wooden door, ceilings and some walls.

2- Room on the ground floor, with direct access to the South terrace.

3- Staircase to the first floor. Placed on the north façade.

2.5 Cross Section



2.6 Floor Plans

Plot plan



GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR



2.7 Construction Details: • The foundation is resolved with a 25cm thick concrete slab. It is insulated with 10cm of cellular glass. On top of the slab is placed a 6 cm cork rigid layer of insulation. The ground floor level finish is made of bamboo. • For the structure and housing enclosure we opted for solid laminated wooden panels (KLH), which act as load-bearing walls and slabs, allowing large spans for the floors with reduced thickness. • Over them, it was placed a first sealing layer, airtightness of polypropylene, ensuring that no air leaks occur in the long term and at the same time, regulating the outflow of the watery vapor and allowing transpiration. • Over them, it was placed a first continuous layer of cork panels of 8 cm between wooden battens. As last layer of the thermal envelope, it was placed a second sealing layer, waterproof, watertight windproof and but watery vapor transitable. To conclude, the ventilated facade is made of limestone of the surrounding area, heat-treated wood and lime silicate mortar. • The main cover uses a similar system to the facade, the green roof is insulated with 14 cm of cork granules and a rigid fiber wood panel with a waterproof layer and drainage system above. • Windows and doors: The casements are made of pine plywood and the glazing is double with a thermally broken spacer, low e-glass with 90% of argon.

Setting up the KLH wooden structure. Placing insulation under slab Insulation underneath and aorund the perimeter of the slab

Sealing strip. Cork insulation Heat recovery

2.7.1 Construction including insulation of the floor slab with exterior and interior wall connections This wall base detail avoids a thermal bridge by floating a 250mm concrete floor slab on top of structural insulation, which subsequently links to the external wall insulation as shown.

Assembly No. Building assembly description Interior insulation?

7 Floor Slab_Bamboo

Heat transfer res is tance [m²K/W] interior Rsi : 0,17

exterior Rs e : 0,00

Area section 1 λ [W/ (mK)] Area section 2 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK)] Area section 3 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK)] Thickness [mm]

1. Bamboo flooring 0,170 20

2. Under flooring cork sheet0,038 5

3. Mortar_cement 0,800 60

4. thermal insulation 0,038 60

5. Foundation slab 2,300 250

6. Foam glass thermal insulation0,050 100

7.

8.

Percentage of Sec. 2 Percentage of Sec. 3 Total

49,5 cm

U-Value : 0,239 W/(m²K)



2.7.2 Construction including insulation of the exterior walls with connections to other walls There are four types of exterior walls:


2 Exterior Wall 2_Limestone

Heat transfer resistance [m²K/W] interior Rsi : 0,13


Area sec tion 1 λ [W/ (mK)] Area sec tion 2 (optional) λ [W/ (mK)] Area section 3 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK)] Thickness [mm]

1. Cork sheet thermal insulation0,038 80

2. Cork sheet thermal insulation0,038 wooden battens 0,130 80

3. Laminated Timber Panel 0,130 100

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


8,2% 26,0 cm

U-Value: 0,204 W/(m²K)


3 Exterior Wall 3_Pine Board


exterior Rse: 0,04




3. Air ilfiltration barrier tape 10


5.

6.

7.

8.


6,3% 27,0 cm



1 Exterior Wall 1_Coating







4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


6,3% 26,0 cm



4 Exterior Wall 4_In contact with ground




1. Concrete 2,300 200

2. FoamGlass Thermal Insulation0,050 100

3. Extruded Polystyrene Insulation0,035 50

4. Water proofing membrane for foundation 2

5.

6.

7.

8.Percentage of Sec. 2 Percentage of Sec. 3 Total

35,2 cm




Sealing wood paneling and placement of the sealing strip Da Connect. Putting the cork insulation

2.7.3 Construction including insulation of the roof with exterior and interior wall connections

There are two types of roofs:

Assembly No. Building assembly descr iption Inter ior insulation?

5 Roof 1_Grass

Heat transfer resistance [m²K/W] inter ior Rsi : 0,10

exter ior Rse : 0,04

Area section 1 λ [W /(mK) ] Area section 2 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK)] Area section 3 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK) ] Thickness [mm]

1. Gutex wood fiber insulation0,044 22

2. Thermal Insulation granulated cork0,038 wooden battens 0,130 105

3. Air infiltration barrier type0,040 5

4. Laminated timber panel0,130 147

5.

6.

7.

8.


8,2% 27,9 cm


Thermal Bridge:

Thermal Bridge Inputs

No.Thermal bridge

descriptionGroup Nr. Assigned to group

Quan

tity

User deter-

mined

length

[m]

-

Subtrac-

tion user-

determine

d length

[m]

Length llll

[m]

Input of

thermal bridge heat loss

coefficient

W/(mK)

ΨΨΨΨ

W/(mK)

1 Det.1A_Wand-Dach 15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 6,41 - ) = 6,41 Det.1A_Wand-Dach -0,024

2 Det.1B_Wand-Gründung 16 Perimeter Thermal Bridges 1 x ( 6,41 - ) = 6,41 Det.1B_Wand-Gründung -0,047

3 Det. 2B Decke Galerie-Wand 15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 7,30 - ) = 7,30 Det. 2B Decke Galerie-Wand -0,082

4 Det. 2C Wand-Gründung (fassade süd)16 Perimeter Thermal Bridges 1 x ( 9,98 - ) = 9,98 Det. 2C Wand-Gründung (fassade süd)-0,042

5 DET. 3A_Dach-Wand 15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 18,26 - ) = 18,26 DET. 3A_Dach-Wand -0,064

6 DET. 3B_Wand-Gründung 16 Perimeter Thermal Bridges 1 x ( 8,85 - ) = 8,85 DET. 3B_Wand-Gründung -0,084

7 DET. 4_Ecke Nische / Verglaster Balkon15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 11,94 - ) = 11,94 DET. 4_Ecke Nische / Verglaster Balkon0,023

8 DET. 6B_Wand-Gründung Eingang16 Perimeter Thermal Bridges 1 x ( 4,49 - ) = 4,49 DET. 6B_Wand-Gründung Eingang 0,025

9 DET. 9/10.A_Dach-Betonwand 15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 13,10 - ) = 13,10 DET. 9/10.A_Dach-Betonwand -0,079

10 DET. 9/10.B_Dach- Betonwand im Erdreich16 Perimeter Thermal Bridges 1 x ( 4,71 - ) = 4,71 DET. 9/10.B_Dach- Betonwand im Erdreich-0,077

11 DET. 11_Gründach-Wand 15 Thermal Bridges Ambient 1 x ( 7,59 - ) = 7,59 DET. 11_Gründach-Wand 0,023

x ( )=

The following section shows some of the key construction details throughout the house.


6 Roof 2_Ceramic roof tile

Heat transf er resistance [m²K/W] interior Rsi : 0,10

exterior Rse : 0,04

Area section 1 λ [W/(mK)] Area section 2 (optional) λ [W/(mK)] Area section 3 (optional) λ [ W/ (mK) ] Thickness [mm]

1. Gutex wood fiber insulation0,044 22

2. Thermal insulation 0,038 80

3. Thermal insulation 0,038 wooden battens 0,130 80

4. Air infiltration barrier tape0,040 5

5. Laminated Timber Panel0,130 190

6.

7.

8.


6,3% 37,7 cm




North façade, under green roof.



North façade.



South façade.

East façade



2.7.4 Windows installation details According to the local climate conditions and the necessary adaptation of the Passivhaus standard to it, the windows are double glazed. The material chosen for the casement is pine plywood and the glazing is 4/18/4 or +3/16/3+3, with a spacer warm edge thermal break, Swiss Spacer type, low-e glass and argon chamber to 90%.

Tipo Ug W/m²K Uf W/m²K ΨΨΨΨg W/mK ΨΨΨΨinstall W/mK

Carpintería Benito tipo Ebania Elite_Fija

1,1 1,3 0,04 Lat. 0,016/inf. 0,011/sup.

0,013

Carpintería Benito tipo Ebania Elite_Oscilobatiente

1,1 1,3 0,04 Lat. 0,016/inf. 0,010/sup.

0,012

Carpintería Benito tipo Ebania Elite_Osciloparalela

1,1 1,3 0,04 Lat. 0,016/inf. 0,010/sup.

0,013

Justification of the comfort and hygiene criteria

Altough the glass and woodwork used in the project do not meet the strict criteria of PHI, set for Central European climate (≤ 0.8 W/m2K Uw and Uw-instl. ≤ 0.85 W/m2K), both, the criteria of comfort and hygiene have been justified following the rules of EN-ISO-7730 and EN-13788. The performance of the most critical detail, the base of the balcony window, has been simulated by using the finite element tool flixino to measure the critical temperatures and check the suitability of the implemented solution. In order to analyze the radiation comfort temperature of the thermal envelope inside the building, the predetermined exterior temperature of our site (defined as the average coldest 12h year), is, according to Meteonorm, of 0 º degrees. It has been shown that on the coldest night of the year the temperature of the inner surface of the shell does not fall below 17 ° C anywhere. This means that the difference between the interior temperature and the radiant temperature on the exterior of the envolope is not more than 3 Kelvin. Regarding the hygiene conditions, it has had to been proved that there were no condensation on the glazing (= 100% relative humidity) on the coldest night of the year (the average of the coldest 12 hours),assuming a relative humidity within 55%, as per regulations. According to flixino, the most critical point in the corners of the glass has a temperature of 13.7 ° C, so the temperature should drop down to 10.7 ° C condensation to appear. Mold would only appeared in case of several weeks with a relative humidity above 80%. To justify the absence of mold, it has been assumed, an indoor relative humidity of 55%, combined with an outside temperature of 9.4 ° C (average temperature of the coldest month). Under these conditions, the minimum temperature in the interior would be of 16.61 ° C. In this way the danger of mold growth is dismissed.



Justification of the hygiene / condensation criteria with the flixino tool.



Justification of the hygiene / mold criteria with the flixino tool.



2.7.5 Description of the airtight envelope. Due to the construction system, the air tight layerhas been projected on the outer face of the KLH panels to leave the interior wooden surfaces exposed. On the lower ground area, reinforced concrete walls with sealed joints.

Specifications Proclima Da Connect: Geotextile and support: Polypropylen Thickness: 0.45 mm Sd value: 2.3 m Weight: 130 g/m2 Resist. Temp. -40 ° C to +100 ° C Resist: Traction longitudinal / transverse: 230 N / 5 cm / 190 N / 5 cm Water column: 2,500 mm Stamp-CE DIN EN 13984.

Specifications Proclima Tesco Vana: Support: special textile fabric PP Separator: silicone paper Resist. Temp.: Long-term -40 ° C to 90 ° C. Application Temperature: -10 ° C Weatherproof: 3 months

Sealing layer on the exterior of the KLH. Sealing between panels with Proclima tape. Compression straps

Sealing of the joints of the concrete wall . EPDM sheet on the exterior of the foamglass insulation. Sealing between KLH wooden deck and concrete walls

Roof The sealing system of the cover is identical to the system used on the outer wall. Placing the airtight film outside the KLH panels

Roof garden Airtight sheet on the cover. Sealed of vertical joints with Proclima tape.

Windows and door casements

Electrical installation

All the electric cables were introduced by a single point that was sealed. This point is under the door of the plant room. Rush tubes were sealed too. Electricity pipes were half-buried and introduced though the garden roof to be sealed thoroughly.



Ventilation-connection with the outside

The air inlet and outlet of the mechanical ventilation are performed through two different facades, the northen and western. The air outlet is through the west façade and the inlet through the northen. The tubes are sealed with tape Tesco Proclima Vana.

Exterior sealing of outlet tubes Inner sealing between the vent pipe and the KLH structure. Sealing of the stove flue duct

Documentation of the pressure test

2.7.6 Ventilation plan for the ductwork. The building is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system of double flow (balanced passive house). The ventilation machine has a maximum flow of 350 m³ / h - 240 Pa. The machine is the Zehnder ComfoAir Luxe350, certified by the Passivhaus institute with a performance of 84% (for flow rates between 71 and 293 m³ / h). The usual performance of the system is of a 75,4%, considering the losses through the "cold" ducts between the machine and the outside wall. Outside air ducts (both inlet and outlet) are insulated and flow out to the façade (as seen above). The heat exchanger is placed in the plant room at the ground floor, which is part of the thermal envelope. Ventilation tubes of the ground floor are placed inside of the floor slab, insulated with cork. Drive grids are placed directly on the soil and the drain pipes of the toilets run down through the partitions, 30cm away from the ceilings. On the rooms of the first floor, they run through the slab, which has been filled with granulated cork. Drive grids are placed straight on the floor and extraction grids on the walls at a distance of 30cm from the ceiling. There ir air extraction in bathrooms, toilet, kitchen and plant room and air inlet in bedrooms, lounge and study.



Average air change rate calculation

Daily operationduration Factors referenced tomaximum Air flow rate Air change rate

Type of operation h/d m³/h 1/h

Maximum 1,00

160 0,48

Standard 24,0 0,77

123 0,37

Basic 0,54

86 0,26

Minimum 0,40

64 0,19

Average air flow rate (m³/h) Average air change rate (1/h)

Average value 0,77 123 0,37



2.7.7 Ventilation plan for the central unit The heat exchanger is placed on the ground of the plant room, which is part of the thermal envelope.

2.7.8 Heating installation The heating system consists on a solar energy system, a DHW-troller tank of inertia of 500l, a reheating of the air through water-activated battery, two towel radiators located in the bathrooms and an independent woodstove. The operation is as follows: The solar system consists on 3 solar panels (6.9 square feet), Wolf-TopSon f3-1, which are used for hot water (DHW) and as heating support. There is a tank of 500l DHW (Wolf-SEM-1) with an integrated electrical resistance, to preheat the hot water in winter and to act as a heating support to the water-activated battery placed in the ventilation system (Zehnder). It also provides water to the two towel radiators of the downstairs bathrooms. As an extra heating support, there is a wood stove, model Rika Passivhaus mod.Vitra 2-4kw, placed in the living room on the first floor. It is assumed that the use of this wood stove would cover the 50% of the heating demand of the building. The remaining 50% will be supplied through the ventilation system. With this assumption, the total primary energy consumption of the building amounts to 102 kWh/m2a. On a more pessimistic scenario, assuming that the heat is generated at 100% just with Joule effect (electric resistance), the primary energy consumption would amount to 116 kWh/m2a. Nevertheless, this scenario is highly unlikely as there will always be a fraction of solar heating (from the solar panels).

During the summer, solar panels, along with the buffer tank, supply the necessary heat for the DHW.

As a passive system, we have the emissions from the gallery on the first floor: solar energy uptake, accumulation (thanks to the great thermal inertia of the stone pavement) and distribution to the first floor at night.

Auxiliary components of the active system:

The building has the following components relevant to the auxiliary electricity consumption:

- Hydraulic pump Grundfos Solar Kit-Wolf: 0,045 kW

- Heating pump Grundfos hydraulic kit-Wolf: 0,045 kW

- Sanitation pump: Air-compressor-LA / Nitto with 0.13 kW - use estimation: 365h/year = 47 kWh / a

- Rainwater collection pump system: KSB Pump Eco Plus 0.66 kW – use estimation: 365/year = 241 kWh / a



2.8 Brief report of PHPP results

Building: Casa Entreencinas

Street: Parcela nº2, El Bosque

Postcode/City: Villanueva de Pría, Llanes, Asturias

Country: Spain

Building Type: Detached family house

Climate: Llanes (closest Meteostation) : Meteonorm

Home Owner(s) / Client(s): EntreEncinas Promociones Bioclimáticas SLU

Street: Avenida de la Argentina 132

Postcode/City: E-33213 / Gijón (Asturias)

Architect: DUQUEYZAMORA arquitectos

Street: C/ La Muralla nº9 - 3ºplanta, oficina 1

Postcode/City: 33401 - Avilés (Asturias)

Mechanical System:

Street:

Postcode/City:

Year of Construction: 2012 Interior Temperature: 20,0 °C

Number of Dwelling Units: 1 Internal Heat Gains: 2,1 W/m2

Enclosed Volume Ve: 384,0

Number of Occupants: 3,7

Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area use: Monthly method

Treated floor area 130,9 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*

Space heating Annual heating demand 15 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) yes

Heating load 12 W/m2

10 W/m² -

Space cooling Overall specific space cooling demand kWh/(m2a) - -

Cooling load W/m2 - -

Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) 0,0 % - -

Primary EnergySpace heating and

dehumidification,

cooling,

household electricity.103 kWh/(m

2a) 120 kWh/(m²a) yes

DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity 72 kWh/(m2a) - -

Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity kWh/(m2a) - -

Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0,4 1/h 0,6 1/h yes

EnerPHi t (retrofi t) : according to com ponent qual ity

Building envelope Exterior insulation to ambient air 0,20 W/(m²K) - -

average U-Values Exterior insulation underground 0,24 W/(m²K) - -

Interior insulation to ambient air W/(m²K) - -

Interior insulation underground W/(m²K) - -

Thermal bridges ∆U 0,00 W/(m²K) - -

Windows 1,27 W/(m²K) - -

External doors 0,76 W/(m²K) - -

Ventilation System Effective heat recovery efficiency 75 % - -

* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement

Passive House? yes

Summer Strategies To maintain comfort in summertime, the frequency of overheating above 25 ° C should not go above 10% of the time of use of the building. The performance of the building has been simulated with a thermal inertia of 132 Wh/Kelvin/m2 as reference. This hypothesis reflects an average thermal inertia of a "mixed type" building.This solution is justified due to the building having a continuous wood skin(CLT), concrete slab and natural stone floors. During the day, we have assumed natural ventilation by opening windows with an approximate flow rate of 0.27 / h (for hygiene reasons). This hypothetical scenario has been simulated with the "SummVent" page, assuming



that the user will open the large sliding window on the first floor (V4) in summer-day for two hours, with a clear opening of 0.5 x2, 5 meters (with the gallery obviously open). Without natural ventilation at night, this scenario would result in an overheating of 31%. To avoid the installation of an air conditioner, it has been agreed with the client to provide natural ventilation during the night too, opening the same window (0,5 x2, 5 meters) for 8 hours of the night. This translates into a flow of natural ventilation of 0.5 / h, and an overheating (ref. 25 ° C) of 0.4%.

Climate data: For simulation with PHPP, we have generated climate data using the Meteonorm tool, and also, we have analyzed databases from different existing stations. We have chosen to work with data Meteonorm climate, with lower temperatures in winter and slightly higher in summer. The data has been defined by choosing the nearest weather station, located in Llanes, about 16km east of the site, with similar climate conditions.

2.9 / 2.10 Construction Cost per treated floor area / Cost for the building

The construction cost is approximately of 1,250 € / m² of floor area.

2.11 Year of Construction.

The work began in August 2011 and was completed in September 2012.

2.12 Architectural Design

STARTING CONDITIONS

The house is part of a joint project that includes 3 other houses. Due to the project being both, individual and collective, it was necessary to consider two clearly different stages in its design development: the first was working on all the plots jointly, then studying each home in detail separately. Therefore, we began with the study of the climate and the topography to meet the fundamental premises of respect of the scale of the environment and integrate the houses into the landscape, seeking the maximum use of natural resources and minimizing the energy consumption. The results, necessarily summarized, are as follows:

The plot has an uneven landscape with limestone splattered soil, very common in this area, and it is located in a natural setting surrounded by native vegetation. The climate is relatively mild with abundant rainfall and high humidity throughout the year.

ARCHITECTURE SOLUTION OF THE PROJECT

The solution adopted aimed to achieve a high compactness, minimizing the thermal envelope and the energy demand, and in no way, compromising the principles of integration into the landscape and the respect for the scale of the environment. After this consideration, it arose the idea of “hiding” part of the house, taking advantage of existing solpe, and designing a volume barely noticeable. In this way, the rest of the house would be a single compact volume of two levels, open to the south as a solar receptor, sitting on the flat area of the plot, whose level exceeds the tops of the surrounding trees. The slope and the many rock outcrops act as backdrop to the southern rooms, maintaining their privacy thanks to its position. All interior spaces are part of the thermal envelope. There are not spaces with reduced temperatures. This helps to improve the form factor of the building, and therefore to reduce the energy demand of heating and cooling. The first floor, whose level corresponds to the top of the slope, allowing the a non-interrupted view and a higher daylight intensity and duration, is conceived as an open space linked to the ground through the roof garden of the buried volume. Here we have the living room, kitchen and dining room. On the contrary, the "sleeping area" is located on the ground floor. Designed as per the Asturian popular architecture, a gallery lies appears the southern first floor façade. Its role is to improve the thermal performance of the house and to act as a greenhouse that accumulates heat in the limestone pavement (thanks to its thermal inertia). Moreover, thanks to modern joinery systems, we were able to make this space work throughout the year: in the spring and autumn the inner glazing slides back into the fix part, extending the living area; in Summer , by simply opening the outer glazing the gallery functions as a porch. In regards to the East-West orientated facades, due to being protected by abundant vegetation, we have allowed large openings to improve the views.

2.13 Building Services Planning

The technical design was designed to be simple for the use of the family who was moving in. The client insisted that they were going to use solar energy as much possible and that they would use the wood stove as a main heating system. We advised the client about how to operate all the systems of the house, including all the manual solar shading systems, and how to operate the heat recovery ventilation as well as how and when to change the filters. We also explained them, how to open / close the windows in order to keep the house cool during the summer without air conditioning, and how to avoid dry air during the winter.



Regarding the rainwater harvesting, the water is harvested from the ceramic roof and held in a 1500L underground tank for irrigation, dryer and w.c. use. The tank also has a back-up supply for its use during periods of low rainfall. Regarding the solar collection, 6.9m2 of solar collector panels have been installed on the plot. These collectors feed the solar water tank located in the plant room which is used for the hot water supply in the house and as heating source for the post heater and for the two towel radiators placed in the downstairs bathrooms. A small electric boiler tops up the tank when there has been insufficient sunshine.

2.14 Structural Physics - Not Applicable

2.15 Structural Analysis – Not Applicable

2.16 Experiences

The properties have now been occupied for 10 months. Last winter, its was a specially cold and wet one with lots of days without sun. Fortunately, the occupants told us that with the post-heater of the ventilation system and the wood stove, the house was hot and very confortable. With the monitoring system we saw that even the days without sun the house kept the heat for a long time. And, some days that the house was empty, the temperature lowed down two-three degrees only.

2.17 Monitoring

We have been monitoring the internal temperatures and humidity with data loggers, these record the internal and external temperatures at 15 minute-interval.

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