passive crossover design calculator 2.03
TRANSCRIPT
The Passive Crossover Design CalculatorBy Jeff Bagby Version: 2.03 5/19/2003
you in building and designing your passive crossover. The values calculated by the program are "text book"values that assume perfectly flat impedance and amplitude response. Since this is not going to be the casewith real world speakers, results with most of these values will not be optimum. However, even if you areusing optimizing software like Soundeasy, CALSOD, LspCad, etc., text book values are often a very good placeto begin. If you are not using optimizing software these values will still provide a good starting point to beginyour own tweaking. In many cases, if the impedance has been equalized, the results may actually be quiteacceptable, needing only a small amount of adjustment. Probably the most powerful aspect of thisspreadsheet is the opportunity it offers for a beginner to learn more about crossover circuits and how theyoperate. I picture this as much as a teaching tool as I do a design tool, and is intended for primarily for thebeginner or novice builder, however, some of it's functions may be beneficial even for the experienceddesigner.
In the first version certain assumptions were made of the user; primarily that the user already understoodbasic crossover circuits, orders, and general circuit topologies. It was assumed that the user knew what the
for. When ever you see a small red triangle like this one in a cell just move you cursor over it and a help box will
calculators a diagram of the circuit will appear in your browser showing each component and its location in the
a picture is worth a thousand words and these schematics should help many understand the circuit better. If amore detailed explanation is needed, I recommend referring to the "Loudspeaker Design Cookbook" by VanceDickason. This resource is available through Old Colony and other sources. Most of the design calculatorscontained in this program are explained in the "Cookbook". There are also many other excellent books oncrossover design as well that would work hand in hand with this spreadsheet. Another feature that has been
designers. These will be explained in more detail under those sections below.
"Three-Way Calculators"; "Additional Calculators"; "Contour Circuit Designers"; "Impedance Circuit
values are required, such as the R for the speaker and the R for a resistor in the circuit, the difference will benoted. And remember, each page contains pop-up help boxes and circuit schematics too.
Here is a brief description of each of the sections:
Two-Way Crossover Calculators This page gives the inductor and capacitor values for many different types of two-way text-book crossovers. By entering the desired crossover frequency and the equalized resistance for the low and high pass sectionsin the red fields in the box at the top of the page the component values are automatically computed for twelvedifferent types of crossovers, including First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Sixth Order circuits. Types includeButterworth, Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley and more for several orders. There are also calculators for Seriescrossovers with adjustable Zeta values and a variable "Q" Second order circuit. For these there is anadditional box for the Zeta or "Q" to be entered. Crossover values in the calculator are arranged as they wouldbe in the crossover. For example, in the Third Order Butterworth parallel crossover, the high pass lists C1, L1,and C2. These components would be arranged with C1 connected to the input, L1 going to ground between thetwo capacitors, and C2 going to the tweeter. This logic is used for all of the crossover calculator results, but ifthere is any question remember to click on the circuit's title bar and the schematic will appear showing where
Welcome to "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator" Ver. 2.03 . I hope this simple spreadsheet will assist
calculation was for and what the results meant. However, with this new version I have included pop-up textHELP boxes that give a brief explanation to what the contents of a cell mean or what the calculator is looking
appear. You can try it on this one above to see what I mean. I have also included circuit schematics for eachcircuit calculator on all of the calculator pages. Simply by clicking on the title of any one of the circuit
circuit. Simply click on the "Back" button to return to "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator". Sometimes
incorporated in this released version is input and output capability for the Contour and Impedance circuit
One more note about how to use "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator" may be necessary, but you willfind that it is really quite simple. At the bottom of the spreadsheet are tabs marked: "Two-Way Calculators";
Designers"; and "Note Pad". Within each one you will find different tools to help you in your crossover design. On each sheet you will notice that some values are in red and others are in blue. A red number is one that isuser entered such as crossover frequency, resistance, etc. A blue number represents the results from aformula. The blue numbers are protected so that you can not accidentally erase an equation. On each pageyou will notice the letters L, C, and R. Please make note that L means the inductor value in milli-Henries, Cmeans the capacitor value in micro-Farads, and R means the resistance in Ohms. Whenever two different R
each component is located (that picture is worth a thousand words thing again).
Three-Way Crossover Calculators This page has a three way crossover calculator which gives the text-book values for a First order Butterworthand a Second Order Linkwitz-Riley three-way crossover, including the bandpass gain and the necessaryequalizing resistor, for "variable spread" or one where you select both the lower and upper crossoverfrequencies. Since many midranges may have a different operating impedance between the lower and uppercrossover points there are two entry points for the midrange's R values. However, you can leave both as thesame value if you choose. I do not offer more options in variable spread three-way crossovers, becausethree-way crossovers with variable spreads are quite complex. However, for higher order crossovers I haveincluded Third order Butterworth and Fourth order L-R types which use a "fixed spread" of 8 or 10. What thismeans is that the upper crossover frequency divided by the lower crossover frequency will result in a value of8 or 10. For example a three way with crossover points of 375 and 3000 would have a spread of 8 and one of200 and 2000 would have spread of 10. All you need to do is select the preferred "Spread" and enter thelower crossover point along with the resistances, and the calculator will compute the rest. These spreads arethe most practical and will meet the needs of most three way designs. Again, as with the Two-Way Crossoverpage, pop-up help boxes and schematics are available.
Additional CalculatorsThis page offers an assortment of various useful calculators, each one with its own unique purpose. Altogether there are different sections that calculate the values for: RLC, RL and RC response contourcircuits; Zobels and Series Notch or Conjugate Impedance Circuits; L-Pads; Insertion Losses; Second OrderFilter "Q" Calculator; Acoustic Butterworth Crossover; Multiple Driver Sensitivity and Impedance Calculator;Voice Coil Offset and Baffle Tilt Calculator; and an Air Core Inductor Designer. Again, the user simply needs toenter the necessary information into the red number fields and the results will be calculated. Several of thesecalculators can be used to arrive at a final impedance before using the previous Crossover Calculator page.As with the previous pages, clicking on the circuit's title will bring up the circuit schematic, and each Calculatorprovides pop-up Help boxes.
Contour Circuit DesignersOn this page you will find RL, RC, and RLC Parallel Notch Filter Contour Designers. These Designers can bequite useful not only in eliminating a peak in a speaker's response, but also to compensate for baffle stepresponse, or the drooping top end in a tweeter. Rather than giving you the component values as the previouspage does, this page allows you to fine-tune the design of these circuits to your specific application. This pageis especially useful if you have the ability to measure the response of your speaker. For each one of theDesigners you will enter the driver's resistance as well as the value of the circuit components used in the rednumber fields in the top section of the Designer. You will also notice that for each Designer there is a table withseveral user defined frequency and amplitude points. You can use the frequencies that are present by defaultor enter your own via the frequency calculator in the white data bar above it. Here you only need to enter thestarting and ending frequencies and the calculator will fill in the points in-between on a log scale. The programwill then use the same frequencies that have been entered and calculate the transfer function of the circuitloaded by the driver's resistance. Amplitude response data can be entered manually for each frequency pointor can be imported from an FRD format frequency response file. The accompanying graph will show theamplitude response for the speaker, the circuit's transfer function, and the resultant combined response. Theresultant response can then be exported as an FRD file if desired to be used with other software. This page ofthe program offers the design flexibility for working with other design tools and measurement software. Andin addition to the features already described, clicking on the circuit's title will bring up the circuit schematic,and each Calculator provides several pop-up Help boxes.
Impedance Circuit DesignersYou will immediately notice that this page is very much like the previous "Contour Circuit Designer" page. Itfunctions in almost exactly the same way too, only it allows you to design Zobel and Series Notch (or SeriesConjugate) Impedance compensation circuits to fit your needs. This page also includes the ability to import andexport data just as the Contour Circuits page did. One difference in these features is the missing button forexporting only the impedance of the modeled circuit, which I did not feel was useful by itself. Again, you enterseveral user defined frequency and impedance points. You can use the frequencies that are present by defaultor enter your own via the frequency calculator in the white data bar above it. Here you only need to enter thestarting and ending frequencies and the calculator will fill in the points in-between on a log scale. The programwill then use the same frequencies that have been entered and calculate the transfer function of the circuitloaded by the driver's resistance. Impedance data can be entered manually for each frequency point or can beimported from a ZDA format Impedance response file. The accompanying graph will show the the samefrequency points that you have entered and will calculate the impedance of the circuit in parallel with yourspeaker and the resultant combined impedance, and then show these in the accompanying graph. Theresultant combined impedance can then be exported as a ZDA formatted file if desired to be used with other
software. If the impedance plot of the speaker is known then this page can be very useful in flattening theimpedance curve to a nearly resistive level before using some of the Calculators on the previous pages. Aswith the "Contour Circuit" Page, in addition to the features already described, clicking on the circuit's title willbring up the circuit schematic, and each Calculator provides several pop-up Help boxes.
Using The FRD Macros
input file's data to match the frequencies chosen. If the selected frequencies are changed after importing thedata then you must use the "Conform" button to readjust the data to match the new frequencies. If you do notchange the frequency settings after importing the data then you do not need to use this button because it willbe imported already conformed to the frequency scale. However, once the FRD or ZDA data has been importedit may prove quite useful to change the frequency window so that you can "zoom" in and out of your view of theresponse. Even though there are only 21 frequency data points used for the viewed graph, the ability to zoom in
speaker and circuit, or the resultant combined impedance as the case may be. At the top of the each page you
reduce the size of this file when saving. These pages of the program offers the most design flexibility of any ofthe Calculators in the program and is useful for those working with other design tools and measurementsoftware. Note: some software will use different extensions other than FRD and ZDA, but the file will still becompatible. These files can still be used simply by using your file explorer and changing the extension to thedesired one, then inputting the file data.
Note PadThe Note Pad is an unprotected blank sheet that allows you to copy and paste results from any of theCalculators and keep whatever notes you desire as you develop your passive crossover circuit.
AcknowledgementsI would like to thank Paul Verdone for his invaluable input on this spreadsheet and for adding the FRD and ZDAfunctions. I would also like to thank him for forming the FRD Consortium and hosting the various design tools
I would also like to thank David Dlugos for creating all of the circuit schematic drawings used throughout thespreadsheet.
Again, I hope you find this spreadsheet helpful as you design your crossover. If you have any questions or find
Jeff Bagby8/29/2002
We are in no way responsible for the success of any crossover designed using this spreadsheet, and weplace no guarantee on the accuracy of its results.
You will notice several macro buttons with each of the Calculators on the Contours Circuits page and theImpedance Circuits page. The "Conform Frequency" button is used with the FRD and ZDA files to conform the
and out by changing the frequency settings still gives a great deal of flexibilty to this tool. The "Input FRDResponse" button allows you to bring in frequency response data from an external file saved from othersoftware in this format. Likewise the "Input ZDA Response" button allows you to import impedance data froman external ZDA format file. The "Output FRD Correction" button will output only the circuit's transfer function.And the "Output FRD Result" or the "Output ZDA Result" will output the resultant combined response of the
will see the "Clear Before Saving" button. You do not need to clear the imported data but using this button will
available on it, including this "Passive Crossover Design Calculator".
any problems or errors you may contact me by email at: [email protected]
The "Passive Crossover Design Calculator" Copyright 2001,2002, and 2003 by Jeff Bagby
TWO-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR
Enter Crossover Frequency : 2500 HzResistance for Highpass Section : 8 OhmResistance for Lowpass Section : 8 Ohm
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1= 7.96 uF C1= 3.98 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1= 1.02 mH L1=L1= 0.51 mH Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section
L2= 1.02 mH L2=Sum at Fc= 0 dB C2= 3.98 uF C2=Tweeter Polarity= Either (Normal is Preferred) Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity= Reversed Tweeter Polarity=
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Zeta = 0.5 Filter Q=
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionL1= 0.25 mH C1= 4.56 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1= 0.88 mH L1=C1= 15.92 uF Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section
L2= 0.88 mH L2=Sum at Fc= 6.02 dB C2= 4.56 uF C2=Tweeter Polarity= Either (Normal is Preferred) Sum at Fc= +1.2 dB Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity= Reversed Tweeter Polarity=
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1= 5.31 uF L1= 0.34 mH C1=
First Order Butterworth Second Order Linkwitz-Riley Second Order Butterworth
First Order Series Second Order Bessel Second Order Variable Q
Third Order Butterworth Third Order Butterworth -Series Fourth Order Butterworth
L1= 0.38 mH C1= 6.00 uF L1=C2= 15.92 uF L2= 1.02 mH C2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section L2=L2= 0.76 mH C2= 12.00 uF Woofer - Low Pass SectionC3= 10.61 uF L3= 0.67 mH L3=L3= 0.25 mH C3= 4.00 uF C3=
L4=Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc= 0 dB C4=Tweeter Polarity= Either Tweeter Polarity= Either (Reversed is Preferred) Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity=
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1= 4.22 uF C1= 3.51 uF C1=L1= 0.32 mH L1= 0.28 mH L1=C2= 8.44 uF C2= 3.60 uF C2=L2= 1.44 mH L2= 1.59 mH L2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass SectionL3= 0.96 mH L3= 1.15 mH L3=C3= 12.66 uF C3= 11.68 uF C3=L4= 0.48 mH L4= 0.47 mH L4=C4= 2.81 uF C4= 2.52 uF C4=
Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc= -1.5 dB Sum at Fc=Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity=
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1= 3.71 uF C1= 5.52 uF C1=L1= 0.35 mH L1= 0.34 mH L1=C2= 7.62 uF C2= 6.23 uF C2=L2= 1.23 mH L2= 0.89 mH L2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section C3=L3= 1.05 mH L3= 0.73 mH L3=C3= 11.28 uF C3= 11.83 uF Woofer - Low Pass SectionL4= 0.50 mH L4= 0.65 mH L4=C4= 3.16 uF C4= 4.55 uF C4=
L5=
Fourth Order Linkwitz-Riley Fourth Order Bessel Fourth Order Gaussian
Fourth Order Linear Phase Fourth Order Legendre* Sixth Order Linkwitz-Riley
Sum at Fc= -0.5 dB Sum at Fc= 0.7 dB C5=Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity=Normal L6=
Sum at Fc= -1.5 dB C6=Tweeter Polarity=Reversed
Sum at Fc= *The frequencies used are: Tweeter Polarity=LP used = 2175 HzHP used = 2875 Hz
TWO-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR
Tweeter- High Pass Section5.63 uF0.72 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section0.72 mH5.63 uF
+3 dBTweeter Polarity= Reversed
1
Tweeter- High Pass Section7.96 uF0.51 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section0.51 mH7.96 uF
6.00 dBTweeter Polarity= Reversed
Tweeter- High Pass Section5.20 uF
Second Order Butterworth
Second Order Variable Q
Fourth Order Butterworth
0.32 mH7.35 uF1.33 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section0.78 mH
12.55 uF0.55 mH3.05 uF
+3 dBTweeter Polarity= Normal
Tweeter- High Pass Section3.84 uF0.36 mH7.46 uF1.04 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section1.04 mH
11.18 uF0.54 mH3.84 uF
-1.5 dBTweeter Polarity= Normal
Tweeter- High Pass Section4.42 uF0.28 mH5.41 uF0.45 mH
10.94 uF2.04 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section0.92 mH
14.74 uF0.75 mH
Fourth Order Gaussian
Sixth Order Linkwitz-Riley
8.92 uF0.37 mH1.99 uF
0 dBTweeter Polarity= Reversed
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
THREE-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR
F low : 400 Hz R (Mid) low :F high : 2800 Hz R (Mid) high :
R (Woofer) : 8 Ohm F mid :R (Tweeter) : 8 Ohm S (Spread) :
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1= 7.10 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1=L1= 3.18 mH Woofer - Low Pass Section
Midrange - Band Pass Section L2=C2= 56.83 uF C2=L2= 0.40 mH Midrange - Band Pass Section
C3=Bandpass Gain= 2.50 dB L3=
R eq= 2.67 ohm C4=Midrange Polarity= Normal L4=
Bandpass Gain=R eq=
Midrange Polarity=
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Spread (FH/FL) 8 (8 or 10) Spread (FH/FL) (R) Woofer : 8 Ohm (R) Woofer :
(R) Midrange : 8 Ohm (R) Midrange :(R) Tweeter : 8 Ohm (R) Tweeter :
F low : 370 Hz F low :F high : 2960 Hz F high :F high : 1046.52 Hz F Mid :
Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass SectionC1 = 4.89 uF C1 =
First Order Butterworth Second Order Linkwitz-Riley
Third Order Butterworth Fourth Order Linkwitz-Riley
L1 = 0.32 mH L1 =C2 = 12.36 uF C2 =
L2 =Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section
L2 = 4.73 mH L3 =C3 = 71.96 uF C3 =L3 = 1.87 mH L4 =
C4 =Midrange - Band Pass Section Midrange - Band Pass Section
C4 = 37.17 uF C5 =L4 = 2.60 mH L5 =C5 = 115.47 uF C6 =
L6 =L5 = 0.48 mHC6 = 10.56 uF L7 =L6 = 0.22 mH C7 =
L8 =Bandpass gain = 0.99 dB C8 =
Midrange Polarity= NormalBandpass gain =
Midrange Polarity=
THREE-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR
8 Ohm8 Ohm
1058.30 Hz7.00
Tweeter- High Pass Section3.50 uF0.92 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section6.46 mH
24.52 uFMidrange - Band Pass Section
34.83 uF6.66 mH3.06 uF0.72 mH
2.67 dB2.88 ohm
Reversed
8 (8 or 10)8 Ohm8 Ohm8 Ohm
420 Hz3360 Hz
1187.94 Hz
Tweeter- High Pass Section3.15 uF
Second Order Linkwitz-Riley
Fourth Order Linkwitz-Riley
0.24 mH6.27 uF1.06 mH
Woofer - Low Pass Section5.68 mH
74.85 uF2.86 mH
16.93 uFMidrange - Band Pass Section
39.71 uF1.50 mH
56.11 uF0.83 mH
0.70 mH8.41 uF0.33 mH1.87 uF
2.84 dBNormal
ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS
F Min Att.= 150 Hz F Min Att.=RE Speaker = 6.1 ohm F Max Att.= 1000 Hz F Max Att.=L Voice Coil = 0.65 mH R Speaker = 6.2 ohm R Speaker =
C zobel = 11.18 uF R = 8 ohm R =R zobel = 7.63 ohm L = 1.01 mH C =
Attenuation = -5.12 dB Attenuation =
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Low F (start of peak) = 2000 Hz Tweeter R = 8High F (end of peak) = 5500 Hz Crossover F = 2000
Midpoint of peak = 3317 Hz Crossover C1 = 6.63Peak magnitude (dB)= 5 dB Crossover L1 = 0.48
R Speaker = 8 ohm Crossover C2 = 19.89Bandwidth Q of filter = 0.95 Tweeter Fs = 750
Required R = 6.23 ohm DCR of L1 = 0.3C = 7.30 uF Bypass values for crossover L = 0.32 mH Ca = 1.95
Ra = 14.5
SECOND ORDER FILTER "Q"
Desired cut = -4 dB RE Driver = 6.00 ohm C =R Driver = 8 ohm DCR Circuit = 1.60 ohm L =R Series = 2.95 ohm Qes = 0.33 R Speaker =
R Parallel = 13.68 ohm Loss = -2.05 dB Q of Filter =New Qes = 0.42 F @ Corner =
Corner level =
Click on circuit title to view schematic
ZOBEL CALCULATOR STANDARD R-L CONTOUR STANDARD R-C CONTOUR
STANDARD RLC PARALLEL NOTCH FILTER ACOUSTIC BUTTERWORTH CROSSOVER
L-PAD CALCULATOR INSERTION LOSSES
SIMPLE SERIES NOTCH COMPLEX SERIES NOTCH
Fs Speaker = 1100 Hz Fs Speaker = 1100 Hz C =Re Speaker = 5 ohm Re Speaker = 6 ohm L =
C = 27.30 uf Qes = 1 R =L = 0.68 mH Qms = 6 Q of filter =R = 7.00 ohm Zmax @Fs = 19.00 ohm
MULTIPLE DRIVER CALCULATOR
R Speaker = 6 ohm Number of drivers= 9R Series = 4 ohm Re= 6.0
R Parallel = 30 ohm Sensitivity= 87.0Final R total = 9.00 ohm Number of drivers must be divisible into whole number groupsAttenuation = -5.11 dB Number in series in a group= 3
Number of groups in parallel= 3Final Re= 6.0
Final Sensitivity= 96.5
DRIVER OFFSET CALCULATOR INDUCTOR DESIGN CALCULATOR
Offset distance is the amount the woofer's Inductor Designer for Air Core Inductors wherevoice coil is behind the tweeter's voice coil the height of the core equals the core radius
Voice Coil Offset = 0.68 inches Desired DCR =Driver CenterSpacing = 5.5 inches Desired Inductance =
Crossover point = 2500 Hz Core Height and Radius =Tweeter Phase Lead = 45.1 degrees Number of Turns =
Baffle Tilt Needed = 7.08 degrees Calculated Wire Diameter =Proposed Wire Gauge =
Cabinet Baffle Tilt CalculatorCabinet Height = 36 inches Wire Gauge Diameter Calculator
Depth at Bottom = 13.5 inches Selected Wire Gauge =Depth at Top = 6.5 inches Calculated Wire Diameter =
Length of Front Baffle = 36.67 inchesAngle of Baffle Tilt = 11.14 degrees
New Voice Coil Offset = 0.37 inchesTweeter Phase Lead = 24.5 degrees
VARIABLE L-PAD
ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS
20000 Hz8000 Hz
6 ohm4 ohm
7.60 uF-2.70 dB
ohmHzuFmHuFHzohm
Bypass values for crossover uFohm
SECOND ORDER FILTER "Q"
7.96 uf0.5 mH
8 ohm1.009
2524.06 Hz0.08 dB
STANDARD R-C CONTOUR
ACOUSTIC BUTTERWORTH CROSSOVER
24.12 uF0.87 mH7.00 ohm0.86
MULTIPLE DRIVER CALCULATOR
OhmsdB/2.83V/M
Number of drivers must be divisible into whole number groups
OhmsdB/2.83V/M
INDUCTOR DESIGN CALCULATOR
Inductor Designer for Air Core Inductors where the height of the core equals the core radius
0.50 ohms2.00 mH
0.846 inches192 turns
0.05140 inches16 ga
Wire Gauge Diameter Calculator16 ga
0.05082 inches
CONTOUR CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS
Click on circuit title to view schematic
R (Speaker) = 8 ohm Displayed FreqL (Circuit) = 2 mH Start Frq = 50R (Circuit) = 8 ohm End Frq = 3000
Frequency
50 -0.65 85.726 85.07 61 -0.79 87.980 87.19 74 -0.95 88.617 87.67 90 -1.13 88.151 87.02
109 -1.35 88.701 87.35 133 -1.61 88.710 87.10 161 -1.90 88.702 86.80 196 -2.24 89.053 86.82 238 -2.61 89.606 87.00 289 -3.00 89.875 86.87 351 -3.42 91.010 87.59 427 -3.84 91.390 87.55 519 -4.25 92.121 87.87 631 -4.63 93.035 88.41 766 -4.95 93.115 88.16 931 -5.23 93.218 87.99
1132 -5.44 92.859 87.42 1375 -5.61 93.071 87.46 1671 -5.73 94.587 88.86 2031 -5.82 93.862 88.04 2469 -5.88 93.031 87.15 3000 -5.93 94.841 88.92
R-L CONTOUR CIRCUIT
Filter Response
in dB
Driver Response
in dB
Combined Response
in dB
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-L Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
Click on circuit title to view schematic
R (Speaker) = 6.50 ohm Displayed FreqC (Circuit) = 3.3 uF Start Frq = 3000R (Circuit) = 6 ohm End Frq = 20000
Frequency
3000 -5.41 94.332 88.92 3284 -5.36 95.143 89.78 3594 -5.31 95.680 90.37 3934 -5.25 97.442 92.20 4306 -5.17 97.188 92.02 4713 -5.09 97.109 92.02 5159 -4.99 98.341 93.35 5646 -4.89 98.261 93.37 6180 -4.77 98.356 93.59 6764 -4.64 97.913 93.27 7404 -4.50 98.648 94.15 8104 -4.35 97.283 92.93 8870 -4.19 98.167 93.98 9709 -4.02 97.751 93.73
10627 -3.85 98.168 94.32 11631 -3.67 97.679 94.01 12731 -3.48 96.500 93.02 13935 -3.30 96.731 93.44 15252 -3.11 96.537 93.43 16694 -2.93 96.121 93.19 18272 -2.75 95.375 92.63 20000 -2.57 94.863 92.29
Click on circuit title to view schematic
R-C CONTOUR CIRCUIT
Filter Response
in dB
Driver Response
in dB
Combined Response
in dB
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-L Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
3000
3284
3594
3934
4306
4713
5159
5646
6180
6764
7404
8104
8870
9709
1062
7
1163
1
1273
1
1393
5
1525
2
1669
4
1827
2
2000
0
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-C Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
R (Speaker) = 8 ohms F max= 1299 C (Circuit) = 12 uF Q= 0.78 L (Circuit) = 1.25 mH F low= 471 R (Circuit) = 8 ohms F high= 2128
Frequency
100 -0.81 86.283 85.47 119 -0.96 87.454 86.49 142 -1.14 88.500 87.36 169 -1.34 89.399 88.06 202 -1.58 90.073 88.50 241 -1.85 90.500 88.65 287 -2.17 90.700 88.53 342 -2.54 90.700 88.16 408 -2.96 91.067 88.11 486 -3.43 92.340 88.91 579 -3.96 94.313 90.35 691 -4.54 95.100 90.56 823 -5.12 93.082 87.96 981 -5.63 93.665 88.03
1170 -5.96 95.300 89.34 1394 -5.99 94.700 88.71 1662 -5.72 94.600 88.88 1981 -5.23 93.751 88.52 2362 -4.66 94.001 89.34 2815 -4.08 92.712 88.63 3356 -3.54 95.280 91.74 4000 -3.05 95.618 92.57
RLC NOTCH FILTER CONTOUR CIRCUIT
Filter Response
in dB
Driver Response
in dB
Combined Response
in dB
100 119 142 169 202 241 287 342 408 486 579 691 823 981 1170 1394 1662 1981 2362 2815 3356 4000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
RLC Notch Filter Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
CONTOUR CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Decades = 1.7782
Growth = 0.0847
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-L Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Decades = 0.8239
Growth = 0.0392
Click on circuit title to view schematic
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-L Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
3000
3284
3594
3934
4306
4713
5159
5646
6180
6764
7404
8104
8870
9709
1062
7
1163
1
1273
1
1393
5
1525
2
1669
4
1827
2
2000
0
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
R-C Contour Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
Hz Displayed Freq
Hz Start Frq = 100 Decades = 1.6021
Hz End Frq = 4000 Growth = 0.0763
RLC NOTCH FILTER CONTOUR CIRCUIT
100 119 142 169 202 241 287 342 408 486 579 691 823 981 1170 1394 1662 1981 2362 2815 3356 4000
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
RLC Notch Filter Response
Speaker Combined Circuit
Frequency
dB
(S
pea
ker)
dB
(F
ilte
r)
184.332185.143185.680187.442187.188187.109188.341188.261188.356187.913188.648187.283188.167187.751188.168187.679186.500186.731186.537186.121185.375184.863
IMPEDANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATOR
Click on circuit title to view schematic
C Zobel = 20 uF Displayed FreqR Zobel = 7 ohms Start Frq = 200
End Frq = 10000
Frequency
200 6.51 5.71 246 6.47 5.56 302 6.61 5.52 371 6.69 5.42 456 7.09 5.50 560 7.51 5.55 688 8.48 5.82 845 8.74 5.71
1038 9.60 5.80 1276 10.65 5.90 1568 12.19 6.07 1926 13.98 6.20 2366 15.99 6.29 2907 18.25 6.35 3572 20.68 6.38 4389 23.49 6.41 5392 26.36 6.41 6625 29.75 6.43 8139 33.30 6.44
10000 37.80 6.46
ZOBEL VOICE COIL INDUCTANCE COMPENSATION
Speaker Impedance
Impedance with Zobel
200
245.
7250
7119
8696
301.
9040
5307
802
370.
9269
7468
8856
455.
7302
8632
4679
559.
9217
8527
2669
687.
9341
0275
9136
845.
2132
8190
2497
1038
.450
4693
6787
1275
.866
5776
087
1567
.562
0281
1466
1925
.946
4548
3424
2366
.266
6486
9509
2907
.255
2036
285
3571
.927
4595
2195
4388
.560
6465
3804
5391
.896
8866
5176
6624
.621
2318
4265
8139
.177
6192
9462
1000
0
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
Voice Coil Inductance Compensation
Speaker With Compensation
Frequency (Hz)
Imp
edan
ce (
oh
ms)
Click on circuit title to view schematic
L = 1.6 mH F center= 537 HzC = 55 uF Q= 0.90 Start Frq = R = 6 ohms End Frq =
Frequency
100 5.30 4.47117 5.40 4.42137 5.60 4.40160 5.80 4.36188 6.16 4.35220 6.66 4.34258 7.40 4.35302 8.55 4.36353 10.40 4.39413 12.80 4.37484 15.85 4.41567 17.90 4.51663 15.40 4.53777 11.90 4.51909 9.40 4.45
1064 7.70 4.351246 6.68 4.271459 6.06 4.231708 5.76 4.282000 5.65 4.39
SERIES CONJUGATE RESONANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT
Speaker Impedance
Impedance with
Conjugate
100 117.077991372278
137.072560637672
160.481800717134
187.888868797682
219.976513600421
257.544083614139
301.527439993574
353.022270180727
413.311383024411
483.896665357962
566.536496118535
663.289550046465
776.566082176621
909.187970690781
1064.45901388314
1246.24723243554
1459.08122726813
1708.26299337551
20000.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
Resonance Impedance Compensation
Speaker With Compensation
Frequency (Hz)
Imp
edan
ce (
oh
ms)
IMPEDANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATOR
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Decades = 1.6990
Growth = 0.0894
ZOBEL VOICE COIL INDUCTANCE COMPENSATION
200
245.
7250
7119
8696
301.
9040
5307
802
370.
9269
7468
8856
455.
7302
8632
4679
559.
9217
8527
2669
687.
9341
0275
9136
845.
2132
8190
2497
1038
.450
4693
6787
1275
.866
5776
087
1567
.562
0281
1466
1925
.946
4548
3424
2366
.266
6486
9509
2907
.255
2036
285
3571
.927
4595
2195
4388
.560
6465
3804
5391
.896
8866
5176
6624
.621
2318
4265
8139
.177
6192
9462
1000
0
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
Voice Coil Inductance Compensation
Speaker With Compensation
Frequency (Hz)
Imp
edan
ce (
oh
ms)
Click on circuit title to view schematic
Displayed Freq Start Frq = 100 Decades = 1.3010
End Frq = 2000 Growth = 0.0685
SERIES CONJUGATE RESONANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT
100 117.077991372278
137.072560637672
160.481800717134
187.888868797682
219.976513600421
257.544083614139
301.527439993574
353.022270180727
413.311383024411
483.896665357962
566.536496118535
663.289550046465
776.566082176621
909.187970690781
1064.45901388314
1246.24723243554
1459.08122726813
1708.26299337551
20000.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
Resonance Impedance Compensation
Speaker With Compensation
Frequency (Hz)
Imp
edan
ce (
oh
ms)