Passing of the TorchPassing of the Torch

Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Andrew Jackson and John Quincy AdamsAdams

Jackson and Adams star in:

Bad Blood RisingBad Blood Rising

Election of 1824Election of 1824

Andrew Jackson wins majority of popular Andrew Jackson wins majority of popular votes; not electoralvotes; not electoral

Henry Clay helps Adams win in congressHenry Clay helps Adams win in congress Why? (p. 225)Why? (p. 225) CORRUPT BARGAINCORRUPT BARGAIN

– Clay becomes secretary of stateClay becomes secretary of state

Jackson QuotesJackson Quotes

It is a damn poor mind indeed which can't It is a damn poor mind indeed which can't think of at least two ways to spell any word. think of at least two ways to spell any word.

The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and the laborer... form the great body of the the laborer... form the great body of the people of the United States, they are the people of the United States, they are the bone and sinew of the country men who bone and sinew of the country men who love liberty and desire nothing but equal love liberty and desire nothing but equal rights and equal laws. rights and equal laws.

Presidents and Secretaries of StatePresidents and Secretaries of State

George WashingtonGeorge Washington Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison James MonroeJames Monroe John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison James MonroeJames Monroe John Q. AdamsJohn Q. Adams ????????????

The tradition is broken with The tradition is broken with Henry Clay. Since the Henry Clay. Since the ““corrupt corrupt

bargainbargain””, only one other man has , only one other man has served as Secretary of State served as Secretary of State

prior to winning the Presidency. prior to winning the Presidency. (James Buchanan)(James Buchanan)

Jackson Takes his Ball and LeavesJackson Takes his Ball and Leaves

““JacksoniansJacksonians”” leave Republican party leave Republican party Form Democratic-RepublicansForm Democratic-Republicans

– Basis of todayBasis of today’’s Democratic partys Democratic party

Jackson Has His DayJackson Has His Day

Show VideoShow Video

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson winsJackson wins HowHow

– Campaign tactics—Common Man v ElitistCampaign tactics—Common Man v Elitist– JacksonJackson’’s military popularitys military popularity– Easing of voting requirementsEasing of voting requirements

Adams eased property requirementsAdams eased property requirements More common people could voteMore common people could vote

Spoils SystemSpoils System

““to the victor belongs the spoils of the to the victor belongs the spoils of the enemyenemy””

Throw out old administrationThrow out old administration’’s employees s employees and replace them with your ownand replace them with your own

Who—those who helped you win and your Who—those who helped you win and your friendsfriends

Kitchen cabinetKitchen cabinet

Jackson’s Indian Policy

Displacement or Conversion?Displacement or Conversion? ““Five Civilized TribesFive Civilized Tribes””—4 C—4 C’’s and an Ss and an S Indian Removal Act of 1830Indian Removal Act of 1830

– Jackson orders federal troops to remove Jackson orders federal troops to remove Indians to the westIndians to the west

– Thought it was helping themThought it was helping them By themselvesBy themselves Removed from whites Removed from whites

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

(background)(background) Cherokee attempt to beat the Americans at Cherokee attempt to beat the Americans at

their own gametheir own game Marshall recognizes Cherokee as Marshall recognizes Cherokee as ““political political

communitycommunity”” Marshall says government canMarshall says government can’’t regulate or t regulate or

take landtake land Jackson ignores ruling: Jackson ignores ruling: ““John Marshall has John Marshall has

made his decision; now let him enforce itmade his decision; now let him enforce it””

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

Jackson Jackson ““splitssplits”” the Cherokee has minority the Cherokee has minority group sign Treaty of Echotagroup sign Treaty of Echota

Van Buren complete forced removal by Van Buren complete forced removal by November 1838November 1838

800 mile trip, Cherokee were exploited and 800 mile trip, Cherokee were exploited and robbed the whole wayrobbed the whole way

nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi – nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi – ““the trail where they the trail where they criedcried””

States Rights and National BankStates Rights and National Bank

Virginia and Kentucky Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions taken to the Next Resolutions taken to the Next

StepStep

I TOLD YOU TO REMEMBER ITI TOLD YOU TO REMEMBER IT

Make the Connection to 1828Make the Connection to 1828

Tariff of 1816—Britain trying to punish by Tariff of 1816—Britain trying to punish by flooding market with cheap goodsflooding market with cheap goods

Raised in 1824 and 1828 Raised in 1824 and 1828 Leads to John C. Calhoun writing his Leads to John C. Calhoun writing his

Nullification TheoryNullification Theory

John C. Calhoun (background)John C. Calhoun (background)

South CarolinaSouth Carolina Vice-President under Adams and JacksonVice-President under Adams and Jackson Was a Nationalist but exploitation of South Was a Nationalist but exploitation of South

changed his feelingschanged his feelings Called Tariff of 1828 Called Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of (Tariff of

Abominations)Abominations) Wrote Nullification Theory in 1828Wrote Nullification Theory in 1828

JacksonJackson’’s Quotes s Quotes

Disunion by force is treason. Disunion by force is treason. Nullification means insurrection and war; Nullification means insurrection and war;

and the other states have a right to put it and the other states have a right to put it down. down.

Nullification TheoryNullification Theory

Based on same reasoning as Va. and Ky. Based on same reasoning as Va. and Ky. ResolutionsResolutions

Reasoning: Constitution ratified by Reasoning: Constitution ratified by sovereign statessovereign states

Power comes from statesPower comes from states Therefore states could nullify federal lawTherefore states could nullify federal law If gov. would not allow it, states had right to If gov. would not allow it, states had right to

leave the Unionleave the Union

““Tell them that they can talk and Tell them that they can talk and write resolutions and print threats to write resolutions and print threats to their heartstheir hearts’’ content. But if one drop content. But if one drop of blood be shed there in defiance of of blood be shed there in defiance of the laws of the United States, I will the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man of them I can get hang the first man of them I can get my hands on to the first tree I can my hands on to the first tree I can

find.find.””—Andrew Jackson in response —Andrew Jackson in response to the Nullification Theory.to the Nullification Theory.

Hayne and Webster DebateHayne and Webster Debate

Robert Hayne—SCRobert Hayne—SC Daniel Webster—MassachusettsDaniel Webster—Massachusetts All were over tariffs and states rightsAll were over tariffs and states rights Calhoun resigns in 1832 b/c of JacksonCalhoun resigns in 1832 b/c of Jackson’’s s

viewsviews

South Carolina RebelsSouth Carolina Rebels

Congress passes new tariff in 1832Congress passes new tariff in 1832 South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 and South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 and

1832 1832 ““null, void and no lawnull, void and no law”” 1833 Jackson gets Force Law passed (use 1833 Jackson gets Force Law passed (use

army and navy to make SC pay tax)army and navy to make SC pay tax) Henry Clay (Great Compromiser) persuades Henry Clay (Great Compromiser) persuades

Congress to pass and SC accept tariff Congress to pass and SC accept tariff lowered over 10 yearslowered over 10 years

Jackson Takes on the National BankJackson Takes on the National Bank

Second BUS ControversySecond BUS Controversy

Clay and Webster use Clay and Webster use re-charter as campaign re-charter as campaign issueissue

Jackson is against re-Jackson is against re-chartering bank chartering bank

BackfiresBackfires

JacksonJackson’’s Problem s Problem with Bankwith Bank– Privileged institutionPrivileged institution– Tax revenues helping Tax revenues helping

rich stockholders, not rich stockholders, not taxpayerstaxpayers

– Nicholas Biddle—bank Nicholas Biddle—bank presidentpresident Lending money to Lending money to

congressmen at lower congressmen at lower raterate

Pet BanksPet Banks

Banks that are loyal to Democratic partyBanks that are loyal to Democratic party After re-election in 1832 Jackson had all After re-election in 1832 Jackson had all

public funds put in public funds put in ““pet bankspet banks”” Biddle Biddle ““calls incalls in”” loans and would not make loans and would not make

new loansnew loans Public persuades Biddle to lower restrictionsPublic persuades Biddle to lower restrictions 1841 bank finally closed1841 bank finally closed

Whig Party FormsWhig Party Forms

Created by discontented DemocratsCreated by discontented Democrats Clay, Webster, John Q. AdamsClay, Webster, John Q. Adams Party platform centered around American Party platform centered around American

SystemSystem

Election of 1836Election of 1836

Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren Beat three Whig candidatesBeat three Whig candidates

Panic of 1837Panic of 1837

Pet Banks issuing more currency than gold Pet Banks issuing more currency than gold or silver they hador silver they had

Jackson issues Jackson issues ““speciespecie”” order (only gold or order (only gold or silver could be used to buy land)silver could be used to buy land)

Goes into effect August 15, 1836Goes into effect August 15, 1836 People rush into banks to exchange moneyPeople rush into banks to exchange money 1840 Van Buren established treasury that 1840 Van Buren established treasury that

only used gold and silveronly used gold and silver

Election of 1840Election of 1840

William Henry Harrison and John Tyler William Henry Harrison and John Tyler defeats Van Burendefeats Van Buren

Harrison dies April 4, 1841Harrison dies April 4, 1841 Dying words— Dying words— ““Sir, I wish you to Sir, I wish you to

understand the true principles of the understand the true principles of the government. I wish them carried out.government. I wish them carried out.””——William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison

Tyler not ideal Whig candidateTyler not ideal Whig candidate