passing genetic notes in class
DESCRIPTION
Passing Genetic Notes in Class. CC106 / Discussion D. by John R. Finnerty. BioUNITY. LUCA. Last Universal Common Ancestor. Bacteria. Archaea. Eukaryota. Unity & Diversity. metabolism protein assembly genetic material genetic code. Metabolic Unity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Passing Genetic Notes in Class
CC106 / Discussion D
by John R. Finnerty
BioUNITYBioUNITY
Bacteria EukaryotaArchaea
LUCALast Universal Common Ancestor
metabolism protein assembly genetic material genetic code
Unity & Diversity
Metabolic Unity
Use the same enzymes to digest sugars.
Molecular Unity
Use the same molecular machinery to build proteins.
Genetic Unity
Use DNA & RNA to transmit encoded information.
& use the same genetic code.
LEUCINEISO-
LEUCINECYSTEINE
DNA alphabet
Portion of a gene
RNA alphabet
Protein sequence
c
-C-T-A-T-T-A-A-G-T-
-C-U-A-U-U-A-A-G-U-
gene is transcribed into a “message”
message is translated into a protein using the genetic code
-G-A-T-A-A-T-T-C-A-
string of amino acids L I C
Human insulin gene
E. coli bacterium
Human insulin protein
Implication of Shared Genetic Code
Key Properties of the Code
Each codon (= word) is 3-letters long. There is a reading frame.The code is redundant: multiple words say the same thing.The code is somewhat robust to errors. Not all mutations (= spelling mistakes) change the meaning.
I. Using the 1-letter abbreviations for amino acids, compose a note instructing your teammates to perform some action.
20 available letters: A C D E F G H I K L M N P Q R S T V W Y
II. Reverse translate your protein note into DNA letters (ACGT) using the genetic code.
C T A G A A G C C A A T
II. Reverse translate your protein note into DNA letters (ACGT) using the genetic code.
C T A G A A G C C A A T
IIa. Add 0, 1, or 2 dummy letters at the beginning and end to hide the reading frame.
C G A
III. Transmit note, now encoded in DNA form to another team, who will mutate 1 of every 5 letters.
IIIa. Pass mutated message to intended recipients.
C G C T A G A A G C C A A T AC G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
IV. Recipients translate message (after being told the correct reading frame).
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
R STOP R P K
IV. Recipients translate message (after being told the correct reading frame).
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
R STOP R P K
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A K
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A K
Clues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A KC G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
P E E KClues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A KC G C C A G A G G A AA A A A
P E E KClues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A KC G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A PClues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A KC G T T A G A G G C C C C A A
L E A PClues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
V. Deduce what the message is supposed to say.
C G T T A G A G G C C A A A A
L E A KC G T T A G A G G C C A A T A
L E A NClues: should direct me to perform an action.Message would be mutated in 3 places.But, not all DNA mutations would change the meaning of the message (the amino acid).
T C A G
TTTTTTCTTATTG
FFLL
TCTTCCTCATCG
SSSS
TATTACTAATAG
YY**
TGTTGCTGATGG
CC*W
TCAG
CCTTCTCCTACTG
LLLL
CCTCCCCCACCG
PPPP
CATCACCAACAG
HHQQ
CGTCGCCGACGG
RRRR
TCAG
AATTATCATAATG
IIIM
ACTACCACAACG
TTTT
AATAACAAAAAG
NNKK
AGTAGCAGAAGG
SSRR
TCAG
GGTTGTCGTAGTG
VVVV
GCTGCCGCAGCG
AAAA
GATGACGAAGAG
DDEE
GGTGGCGGAGGG
GGGG
TCAG
Th
ird
let
ter
in c
od
on
Second letter in codon
Fir
st l
ette
r in
co
do
n