passenger/item detection system for vehicles
DESCRIPTION
Passenger/Item Detection System for Vehicles. Dec03-05 members Jason Adams Ryan Anderson Jason Bogh Brett Sternberg. Acknowledgements Clive Woods – Advisor Heart of Iowa Regional Transportation Agency (HIRTA) - Client. Presentation Outline. Problem Statement - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Passenger/Item Detection System for Vehicles
Dec03-05 members• Jason Adams
• Ryan Anderson
• Jason Bogh
• Brett Sternberg
Acknowledgements• Clive Woods – Advisor
• Heart of Iowa Regional Transportation Agency (HIRTA) - Client
Presentation Outline
• Problem Statement
• Objectives &
Constraints
• Accomplishments
• Technical Approach
• System Design
• Implementation &
Testing
• Costs
• Projected Dates
Problem Statement
• Prevent passengers from being locked on the bus.
• Need for automatic detection system
Detection System Process• Function automatically
• Accurately detect passenger
• Alert bus driver of passenger
Generalized Project Criteria• Versatile with other bus models
• Robust
• Self-diagnostic
• Fail safe
• Moderate in cost
Passenger Detection System
The passenger detection system is divided into two parts:
• Floor
o Optoelectronics
• Seats
o Pressure Sensors
Operating Environment• Transient bus
• Vibrations
- Bus’s engine
- Roadways traveled
• Environmental elements
- Dust
- Dirt
- Moisture
• Normal temperatures
• Withstand pressure given off by passengers
Intended Users/Uses
Users• male or female adult• commercial driver’s license• no discrimination on the basis of sex, ethnic background, physical
size, or disability• able to operate the commercial vehicle according to the laws of the
state.
Uses• automatically detect remaining passengers and possible items • alarm driver of the situation before he or she has fully exited the bus.
Assumptions• Will be used on a transient bus
• Occupancy ranges from one to seventy-five passengers
• System off while bus is running
• System starts when bus shuts off
• Automatic
• Versatile
• Pressure sensors cover all seats
• LED’s attenuation is eight to ten feet
• Photodiode sensitive to LED only
Limitations• Cost not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars
• Power for the system comes from bus’s battery
• Structure of the bus
• Response time
• Self-operational
• Operating environment
• Spectrum of LED
End Product and Other Deliverables
• Passenger detection system– Seat pressure system– Floor optical system
• Installation directions
• Technical specifications for parts
• End product design report– Cost analysis report
Objectives/ Constraints
Design Objectives Self-automated – Develop a solution that starts up and shuts off
without the interaction of the bus driver.
Energy efficient – Develop a solution that ideally requires no other power source besides the bus battery.
Thorough visibility – Develop a solution that can thoroughly check every part of the bus for passenger(s) or item(s).
Speedy detection – Develop a solution that alerts the driver of passenger(s) or item(s) before he/she is off the bus.
Fail-safe – Develop a solution that will always gets the drivers attention as to alert of onboard passenger(s) or item(s).
Functional Objectives• Passenger warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still
onboard passenger(s) when the bus is shut off.
• Item warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still onboard item(s), at least as large as a small purse, when the bus is shut off.
• Automatic power-on and power-off – System will start automatically upon bus turning off and then shutdown when the bus is started.
Design Constraints Physical properties – System should not be restrictive, distracting, or
discomforting to the driver and passengers.
Size – System should not interfere with normal bus operations. Fail-safe – System should never neglect to alert if a passenger is
present when the bus is shut off.
Power consumption – Power from the system must come from a 12-volt battery.
Response time – System will need to respond within 3-7 seconds of the bus being shut off.
Design Constraints Cont’d• Robust – System may be exposed to the elements and anything tracked
on by passengers such as: rain, snow, mud, dust, and dirt.
• Flexible – Design implementation must be supported for several bus designs.
• Cost effective – If system cost is over $100, some type of funding must be provided.
Present Accomplishments
• Technical Research Completed (95%)
• Determined Technologies Used
• Presented to HIRTA
• In Process of Ordering Parts
Technical Approach• Light Sensitive Resistors
• Pyrometers
• Ultra-sonic signature
• Pressure sensors
• Optical counters
• Magnetic counters
• Infrared LED (emitter)
• Photodiode (detector)
• Weight Systems
• Piezoelectric sensors
• Analog alarm system
• Digital display system
Technical Approach Results
Hybrid system
• Seats - force sensitive resistors
• Floor - infrared emitters / photodiode detectors
System DesignPart I: Pressure Sensors
Purpose: •To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the seats.
Basic Operation:•If pressure is detected on the sensor then an analog signal is output triggering the alarm.
Pressure Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Force Sensitive Resistor Sensors
Wiring
Buzzer Alarm System
Benefits: • Low maintenance• Hidden (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus)• Easy installation
Pressure Sensors
Drawbacks: • More expensive than optics• More difficult to replace
Pressure Sensors
System DesignPart II: Optics
OpticsPurpose: •To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the floor.•To detect a left behind passengers in a wheelchair
Basic Operation:•Emitted light that is blocked will cause the alarm to be triggered
OpticsGeneral Layout:
Seat WheelDriver
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
Seat
SeatChair
Seat
Emitter
Detector
Ligh
t
Ligh
t
Ligh
t
Optics
• Why Infrared light?
-So the detection system is not mislead by ambient light
-Optical system designed to only recognize infrared light
-To maintain a failsafe detection system
Optics
Benefits: • Low Cost • Small (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus)• Very low maintenance • System does not impose any health risk
OpticsDrawbacks:• Tampering with may cause issues
Solution: Enclose in box-type structure
-When bus is running does not need to detect. Implement electronic shutter.
Emitter or Detector
Optics
Drawbacks (cont.):• Power consumption
-May drain battery if left on too long
Solution: Implement a timer or delay
-Only need to detect for about a minute or two.
Alarm
• Both the pressure sensors and optics will be able to trigger the alarm
• Alarm in consideration has the following features:-75 dB buzzer-Tone rated at 300 to 500 Hz
• Some other sound levels-Rustle of leaves ---------------> 10 dB-Conversation ---------------> 60 dB-Rock Concert ---------------> 110 dB-Jet Engine ---------------> 130 dB
• Will implement a kill switch viewable to the bus driver
Implementation/Testing
Implementation / Testing
• Assemble prototype
• Test in laboratory setting
• Test on supplied HIRTA bus
Cost Analysis
BUS
TYPE
1
BUS
TYPE
2
BUS
TYPE
3
BUS
TYPE
4
Projected Dates
8/1/2003: Parts Ordered and Received
9/25/2003: Prototype Implemented
10/20/2003: Finish Prototype Testing
10/30/2003: Implement in Bus Environment
12/15/2003: Finished Product
Questions?