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DAnthology 2

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CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES®, Inc.

PHOTO CREDITS:Pages 14–15 International Landmarks/CorbisPage 16 Masters I/CorelPage 17 Royalty Free/CorbisPages 18–19 Paris/CorelPage 20 Picturesque Paris/CorelPage 24 Stockbyte/PictureQuestPage 25 Courtesy of Cimino FamilyPage 28 Weekends/EyewirePage 34 Harbor Branch Oceanographic InstitutionPages 38, 39 NOAA Photo LibraryPage 40 Spill Response Photo Collection/NOAAPage 44 Library of Congress, Images of the First Ladies

of the United States, LC-USZ62-25812Pages 45–48, 50 Courtesy of Franklin D. Roosevelt

LibraryPage 49 Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-116730Pages 54, 56–60 Photos Courtesy of Kentucky

Horse ParkPages 65–66, 68–69 Cactus/CorelPage 67 Glen Allison/Getty ImagesPage 70 Sand & Solitude/CorelPages 74, 77–79 NASAPage 75 Bettmann/CorbisPage 80 PhotoFestPages 84, 87 John Springer Collection/CORBISPage 85 Martha Holmes/Timepix.comPage 88 Bud Gray/Motion Picture & Television Archive

Page 89 Anne Marie Fox/Corbis SygmaPage 90 PictureThis Photo Gallery/PNNLPage 94 Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-60139Page 95 Library of Congress, America from the Great

Depression to World War II: Photographs from theFSA-OWI, 1935–1945, (bottom) LC-USZ62-100414, (top) LC-USZ62-115416

Page 97 Library of Congress, African AmericanOdyssey, LC-USZ62-111236

Pages 66 (bottom), 99 (bottom), 115 (top, middle),117 2002 ArtToday.com

Page 99 (top) Library of Congress, Images of 20thCentury African American Activists: A Select List, LC-U9-1027-B-frame #11

Page 114 Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-1764Page 115 (bottom) Courtesy of National Park ServicePage 116 (middle right) NARA, Still Picture

Branch, National Archives at College Park, NWDNS-127-EX-1(27)

Page 119 (top) Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-53017; (bottom) Library of Congress, An AmericanTime Capsule, loc.rbc/rbpe.02901700

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS:Pages 4–9, 55, 59, 64 Lisa Greenleaf Pages 14, 76, 104–110 Susan HawkPages 35, 37, 40, 94, 98 Pat Lucas

ISBN 0-7609-2046-X©2003—Curriculum Associates, Inc.

North Billerica, MA 01862No part of this book may be reproduced by any means

without written permission from the publisher.All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This reading book has 12 interesting nonfiction selections.These are the kinds of selections that you might read in schoolbooks, in library books, in magazines, and in other books.

Each selection is followed by 18 multiple-choice questions.These questions give you practice with key reading strategies.Each selection also has 3 Explorations in Writing questions.These questions ask you to write about what you have read.

FOR THE STUDENT

The Viking Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Paris, the City of Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Interview with a DJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Taking a Look at the Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Eleanor Roosevelt, a Remarkable Woman . . . . . . . . . .44

The Champion Called Man o’ War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

The Cactus, a Most Unusual Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

To Space and Back with Mae Jemison . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Exploring the World of Special Effects . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Thurgood Marshall, Man of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Have Fun with Healthy Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

The Story of the American Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Explorations in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124–128

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4

Getting StartedMore than 1,000 years ago, people from Northern

Europe began to leave home. We call these people Vikings.The Vikings were searching for new lands. They found the newlands. They also found people to trade with—and steal from!

Read this selection to find out who the Vikings were and what they did.

The Viking Age

TheVikingAge

5

The Vikings lived from the 8th

century A.D. to the 11th century A.D.

They came from Scandinavia. Today,

this land is home to three countries:

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. In the

Viking age, the people there had not

yet formed countries. They lived in

many small groups. And each group

had its own leader.

Most people in Scandinavia were

farmers. Many also fished. They lived

near rivers and along the coasts. But as

the population grew, leaders fought for

power. In the late 700s, groups began to

look for new land. They needed more

space. And they wanted adventure.

So the people traveled by water to

islands and other places nearby.

The Vikings often left things at

the places they visited. So many Viking

objects have been found all over

Europe. People have found Viking

jewelry, weapons, and carvings of stone

and wood.

But the Vikings are best known for

their unusual ships, which helped them

leave home in the first place.

The Viking Age

Who Were the Vikings?

GREENLAND

RU

SS

I A

E U R O P E

NORTH SEA

ICELAND

ATLANTIC OCEAN GREAT

BRITAIN

Norway

Sweden

Denmark

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark now make up Scandinavia.

6

People have found hundreds of old

Viking ships. Some are shipwrecks.

Others come from graves. The Vikings

often buried their leaders inside ships.

We also know about Viking ships from

wood and stone carvings.

The Vikings were great boat

builders. They made ships out of planks,

or long strips of wood. The planks were

flexible but strong. Pieces of iron held

the strips together. The Vikings filled

the spaces between the planks with tar

and animal hair to keep out the water.

Sometimes the Vikings carved animal

heads at the ends of their ships.

Viking ships came in all sizes. Some

were as small as rowboats. Others were

long and narrow. One ship found in

modern times was huge. It was more

than seventy-five feet long and fifteen

feet wide! Sailors steered the large ships

using sails or oars. They used the sails

when it was windy. They used the oars

when there was no wind. The largest

ships had as many as thirty oarsmen

and crews of up to ninety men.

Most Viking ships were not very

deep, so they could travel in shallow

waters along coasts and up rivers. Sailors

could pull a ship onto land. Also, both

ends of a Viking ship were pointed and

curved up. Because both ends were the

same, the Vikings could sail the ship

forward or backward. They did not

have to turn the ship around

to leave.

Viking Ships

The Viking Age

7

The Vikings used their ships to

sneak up on people. Warriors could row

or sail up a small river, pull their ship

onto land, and attack. Such surprise

attacks are called raids. On raids, the

Vikings often robbed people, killed

them, and burned their buildings.

The oldest known Viking raid

was in A.D. 793. The Vikings attacked

a church building. The building was on

an island off the east coast of England.

The Vikings stole many valuable things.

The attack was a surprise, so people did

not have time to hide their treasure.

The Vikings often buried the

treasure that they stole. They may have

wanted to hide it from other Vikings.

Or they may not have been able to carry

it all. Yet, the Vikings did not always

come back to dig up their treasure. In

modern times, people found a Viking

treasure in England. It had thousands

of coins and pieces of jewelry!

Vikings attacked places all along the

coast of Europe. We know about the

attacks because survivors wrote stories

about them. The stories tell how the

people greatly feared these attackers who

came from the North. The people called

the attackers Northmen or Norsemen.

Even today, we use the word Norse to

describe the Vikings and their language.

Surprise Attacks

The Viking Age

8

When the Vikings sailed to new

lands, they brought things from

Scandinavia with them.

Many wild animals lived in

Scandinavia, and the people hunted

or trapped them. Also, farmers raised

cattle. So the Vikings had many things

made from fur and leather. They also

had things made from bones, antlers,

and tusks. Other Viking goods were

honey, iron tools, and amber. Amber is

hard, clear, and orange. Small stone-like

pieces of it were made into rings and

necklaces.

At first, the Vikings stole from

the people in the new lands. Then they

began to trade with them. The Vikings

traded their own goods for silver, gold,

and pearls. They also traded for heavy

cloth.

The Vikings began to travel long

distances to trade goods. Sometimes

they went as far as Africa and Arabia.

The Vikings even built new ships.

These ships could carry great loads

for long distances.

In time, the Vikings began to build

camps along the coasts and rivers of

Europe where they had gone to trade.

They often lived at these camps during

the winter. In spring and summer, they

sailed back and forth to do their trading.

Trade

The Viking Age

9

Some of the Viking camps grew

into busy trading centers. And some of

these centers grew into towns. Around

A.D. 800, the Vikings settled the town

of Dublin. It was one of the first towns

in Ireland. Dublin is now Ireland’s

capital and biggest city.

Viking settlers also contributed to

existing towns. One example is the

town of York in England. The Vikings

built new streets and bridges there.

They divided the land into small pieces,

or plots. And they began to make their

own coins.

The Vikings also settled to the

south and east. A part of France is

called Normandy after these Norsemen.

The Vikings who settled in Eastern

Europe were called Rus. They gave

their name to the huge country of

Russia. Over time, the Vikings mixed

with the local people. They learned new

languages. They even began to take on

the faith of the people of Europe.

Also, the people of Europe began to

take on Viking ideas about creating art,

planning towns, and building ships.

Soon the lands became crowded.

Once again, Viking sailors searched for

new places to settle. About A.D. 900 the

Vikings settled the island of Iceland.

The Vikings told about this in their

stories, of which there were many.

Settlements

The Viking Age

10

The Vikings liked to tell tales. Their

stories are called sagas. Their poems

are called eddas. They passed their tales

down through families. Many of the

tales are about Viking heroes and their

travels. One hero is Eric the Red.

About A.D. 980, Eric the Red led

people to Greenland. This huge island is

between Iceland and eastern North

America. Thousands of Vikings lived

there for hundreds of years. In time,

they needed more wood and land, so

they sailed farther west.

Leif Ericsson was the son of Eric

the Red. Viking tales say that Ericsson

sailed far away. He found a new place

called Vinland.

In 1960, people found the ruins

of a camp in eastern Canada. It was

the oldest European camp in North

America. People had lived in the camp

about four hundred years before the time

of Columbus. The houses in the camp

were like the Viking houses in Iceland

and Greenland. Some people believe this

camp was Vinland.

The Vikings also liked to tell stories

about their early gods. Odin was the ruler

of the gods. His wife’s name was Frigg.

Thor was the god of thunder. Tiu was

the god of war. Do you know that three

of our days are named for them? Tuesday

is named for Tiu. Thursday is named for

Thor. And Friday is named for Frigg.

Even now, the Viking tales are with us.

Viking Tales

The Viking Age

11

Finding Main Idea and Details

The main idea is the most importantidea. The details are the pieces ofinformation that tell more about the main idea.

1. Page 10 is mostly about Viking� ships.� towns.� tales.� attacks.

2. Which of these details is notmentioned in the selection?� Viking objects have been

found all over Europe.� The Vikings contributed to

existing towns in Europe.� The Vikings often buried

the things they stole.� The English word egg

comes from the Vikings.

3. Which Viking sailed to Greenlandaround A.D. 980?� Thor� Eric the Red� Leif Ericsson� Columbus

Finding Word Meaning in Context

Use context clues to find the meaningof a new word. Context clues are wordsin a sentence that help you figure outthe meaning of the new word.

4. Look at page 5. The wordpopulation relates to� people.� boats.� rivers.� helmets.

5. On page 6, a plank thatis flexible will easily� sink.� burn.� break.� bend.

6. On page 7, the word survivorsmeans� “actors.”� “people who died.”� “people who lived.”� “children.”

The Viking Age

12

Recognizing Cause and Effect

When one thing causes another thing to happen, it is called cause and effect.The cause is the reason why somethinghappens. The effect is what happens.

7. The Vikings sailed fromScandinavia in the late 700sin search of� more space.� bigger ships.� warmer weather.� younger leaders.

8. The Vikings were able to stealother people’s treasures becausethe Vikings� surprised the people they

attacked.� knew the people they

attacked. � had many guns.� had special keys.

9. Leif Ericsson is known for� being the god of thunder.� discovering Russia.� discovering Vinland.� discovering the ruins

of a Viking camp.

Comparing and Contrasting

Comparing is finding how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is finding how two or more things are different.

10. Odin and Thor were both Viking� sailors.� gods. � farmers.� traders.

11. Viking ships were unusual because � sailors did not have to turn

them around to leave a place.� the ships did not have sails.� the ships did not have oars. � builders made them out

of leather.

12. Iceland and Greenland� are both in Scandinavia.� are both islands.� are both in southern Europe.� were both attacked

in A.D. 793.

The Viking Age

13

Understanding Sequence

Sequence is the order in which thingsare done or events happen.

13. The Vikings owned silver, gold,and pearls� before they had ever left

their homeland.� after they had begun to sail

to other lands.� only after they had sailed

to Arabia.� only after they had settled

in Greenland.

14. The boxes tell about the Vikings.

1 2 3

Which of these belongs in box 2?� The Vikings settle Dublin.� The Vikings settle the part

of France called Normandy.� The Vikings settle Greenland. � The Vikings attack a church

building near England.

15. Leif Ericsson was � the son of Odin.� the father of Tiu.� the father of Eric the Red.� the son of Eric the Red.

Drawing Conclusions

Drawing conclusions can help youfigure out things that are not writtenin a selection. To draw a conclusion,think about the facts. Then think aboutwhat you know in your own life.

16. The early Vikings probablyfelt that� their goals were more

important than otherpeople’s goals.

� other people’s goals weremore important than theirgoals.

� all people’s goals wereequally important.

� people who had goals wereweak.

17. The Vikings were able to buildmany large ships becauseScandinavia had many� cities.� deserts.� forests.� animals.

18. Which best describes the Vikings?� fierce and careful� strong and peaceful� smart and lucky� fierce and daring

Go to page 124.

The VikingssettleIceland.

The Vikingssail toVinland.

The Viking Age

124

Explorations in Writing Write your answers on a separate piece of paper.

The Viking Age (pages 4–10)

1. The author gives a lot of information about Vikings. Write about a few thingsthat you have learned about the Viking people.

2. Look at the illustration of the Viking ship on page 6. Use your own words to describe this ship.

3. Read again the section called “Surprise Attacks” on page 7. Write about howthe Vikings launched surprise attacks.

Paris, the City of Lights (pages 14–20)

1. The author tells about many sights to see in Paris. Pick one sight and tell whyyou would like to see it.

2. A fact can be proved. An opinion is what someone thinks or feels.• Here is a fact from the selection: The Louvre Museum first opened in 1793.• Here is an opinion based on the selection: Paris is the most beautiful city in

the world.

Write three more facts from the selection. Write at least one more opinionbased on the selection. Give a reason for each of your opinions.

3. Write about how the Bastille is related to the French Revolution.

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North Billerica, MA 01862

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The Viking Age

Paris, the City of Lights

Interview with a DJ

Taking a Look at the Ocean

Eleanor Roosevelt, a Remarkable Woman

The Champion Called Man o’ War

The Cactus, a Most Unusual Plant

To Space and Back with Mae Jemison

Exploring the World of Special Effects

Thurgood Marshall, Man of Justice

Have Fun with Healthy Eating

The Story of the American Flag

DAnthology 2

12 Nonfiction Selections

08832.1