parts taken from human behavior 2ed chapter 3 perception

Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed

Chapter 3Perception


Perception Perception is the way people organize and

interpret the world around them in order to give meaning to their surroundings. Each persons perception is unique.

Being aware through any of the senses Vision Hearing Taste Touch Smell


PerceptionPeople’s behavior is based on how they interpret reality, not reality itself. Mental set — perceiving what we want

regardless of reality. Perceptual filters — attitudes about people

and things. Preset judgments — making your mind up

before gathering facts. World View=Metal set + Perceptual filters + Preset

judgments


INFORMATION

Differencein

World View

100 %20 %

Developmental Style Style -1

80 % Meaning loss if:

· Difference of values and maturity (world view)

Perception


PerceptionThe world that is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

Hereditary factors — inherited physical abilities or limitations, like color blindness.

Environmental background and experience — how you were raised or nurtured.

Peer pressure — the effect or influence friends or colleagues have.


the perceiver - you the target – the person you are

perceiving the situation - the context in

which the perceiver experiences the target

3 Factors of Perception


Factors Influencing Perception

Factors in the Perceiver - you: attitudes. motives. interest. experience. expectations.



Factors in the Target: motion. sounds. size. background. proximity.



Factors in the Situation: time. work setting. social setting.


Characteristics and Beliefs of the Perceivers Affecting Perception

** Projection – Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people.

Selective perception – People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experience, and attitudes.

Stereotyping – Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs.


Characteristics and Beliefs of the Perceivers Affecting Perception

* Halo effect – Drawing a general positive impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.

Horn effect or Negative Halo – Drawing a general negative impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Contrast effect – Evaluating a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.

Jones youare loved &Appreciated


Attribution Theory

A person tries to determine whether another person’s behavior is caused by internal or external factors. This is conditioned by three attributes: consensus in behavior. * consistency in behavior. * distinctiveness in behavior.


Individual Behavior

Distinctiveness Consistency Consensus

LowInternalcause

HighExternal

cause

LowExternal

cause

HighInternalcause

LowInternalcause

HighExternal

cause

Attribution Theory


Attribution Theory

Locus of Control * Internal – People who believe

they control their own destiny. (Self Determination)

External – People who believe that external factors control them. (Fatalistic)


Attribution Theory Errors

Self-serving bias This is a tendency for

individuals to attribute their own success to internal factors and place blame for failures on external factors. Their approach is self-serving.


Attribution Theory Errors

Fundamental attribution error We tend to underestimate

the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors.


Perception Applications Dating Interviews Self-fulfilling prophecies of

performance Performance evaluations Employee effort Employee loyalty


Summary

Perceptions affect awareness of problems.

Perceptions affect analysis of problems. Perceptions affect interpretations of

data. Perceptions affect judgment of potential

outcomes.

parts taken from human behavior 2ed chapter 3 perception

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