partisan gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · can you think of an issue...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Partisan Gerrymandering
Gary King
Institute for Quantitative Social ScienceHarvard University
(talk at Brookline High School, 2/15/2011)
Gary King (Harvard) 1 / 23
![Page 2: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard,
graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 3: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard,
graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 4: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS,
go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 5: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,
get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 6: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree,
run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 7: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office,
and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 8: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 9: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 10: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 11: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 12: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 13: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 14: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Most Predictably Conflictual Issue
Suppose you work hard, graduate from BHS, go to a great college,get a graduate degree, run for political office, and get elected
You’re a respected member of the Massachusetts legislature!
Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper,have a fist fight with other legislators, or act in unethical ways?
Can you think of the most conflictual form of regular politics in theUS over the last 200 years?
Can you think of an issue about to cause a big ruckus?
Legislative Redistricting
(Watch Carefully; We’ll have a contest to redistrict Brookline shortly!)
Gary King (Harvard) 2 / 23
![Page 15: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
U.S. House of Representatives
Gary King (Harvard) 3 / 23
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Count Everyone Apportion Seats to States
Gary King (Harvard) 4 / 23
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Redistrict Within States
Gary King (Harvard) 5 / 23
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Gary King (Harvard) 6 / 23
![Page 19: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Is this fair?Texas, before redistricting
Gary King (Harvard) 7 / 23
![Page 20: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Or is this fair?Texas, after redistricting
Gary King (Harvard) 8 / 23
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(Important but Inadequate!) Standards for Fairness
1 Equal population
2 Preserving “Communities of Interest”
3 Compactness (and contiguity)
Gary King (Harvard) 9 / 23
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Arizona’s 2nd Congressional District
Gary King (Harvard) 10 / 23
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North Carolina’s 12nd Congressional District
Gary King (Harvard) 11 / 23
![Page 24: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Illinois’ 4th Congressional District
Gary King (Harvard) 12 / 23
![Page 25: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Governor Gerry’s 1812 “Gerrymander” in Massachusetts
Gary King (Harvard) 13 / 23
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How many (of 4) legislative seats should each party get?
Democratic vote % in each precinct
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40
(Average = 52.5%)
Gary King (Harvard) 14 / 23
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A Republican Redistricting Plan
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40Average
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40
90 40 40 40
Democrats win 1 of 4 seats
Gary King (Harvard) 15 / 23
![Page 28: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A Democratic Redistricting Plan
90 40 40 40 52.5
90 40 40 40 52.5
90 40 40 40 52.5
90 40 40 40 52.5
Average
Democrats win all 4 seats
Gary King (Harvard) 16 / 23
![Page 29: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
New Standards for Fair Redistricting
1 Equal population
2 Preserving “Communities of Interest”
3 Compactness (and contiguity)
4 Partisan symmetry (no bias)
5 Electoral responsiveness
Gary King (Harvard) 17 / 23
![Page 30: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Surpreme Court on Partisan Symmetry
Gary King (Harvard) 18 / 23
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Fair Seats-Votes CurvesPartisan symmetry: When votes are split equally, seats are split equally
Fair, Proportional
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Fair, Responsive
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Gary King (Harvard) 19 / 23
![Page 32: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Biased Seats-Votes CurvesPartisan Bias: When votes are split equally, seats are split unequally
Biased, Proportional
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Biased, Responsive
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Gary King (Harvard) 20 / 23
![Page 33: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 34: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 35: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 36: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 37: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 38: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Calculating a Seats-Votes Curve
Dem Vote Proportion
Dem
Sea
t Pro
port
ion
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
●
●
Compute average vote and seatproportions; plot black dot
Find difference of vote averagefrom 0.5
Add difference from everydistrict’s vote (new vote average= 0.5)
See who “wins” new districtswith the adjusted votes;calculate seat proportion; plotred dot
Calculate bias (difference in seatproportion from 0.5)
Gary King (Harvard) 21 / 23
![Page 39: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Gary King (Harvard) 22 / 23
![Page 40: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23
![Page 41: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23
![Page 42: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23
![Page 43: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23
![Page 44: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23
![Page 45: Partisan Gerrymanderinggking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/red-bhs.pdf · Can you think of an issue that would cause you to lose your temper, have a fist fight with other legislators,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f911d53dcb29100966e6559/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What did we learn?
In redistricting, the rules of the game are part of the game
With partisan symmetry, math can make redistricting fair
In practice, redistricting is a mess; law suits will be filed everywhere;rules will be broken; hundreds of millions of dollars will be spent
To legislators, this is the most visible issue
Redistricting is often invisible to the public. . . but not to you!
Gary King (Harvard) 23 / 23