part three 1 st controversy why did the constitutional monarchy fail between october 1789 and august...

Part Three1st Controversy

Why did the Constitutional Monarchy

fail between October 1789 and August 1792?

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Assessment:Written examination: 2 hours.Each option paper will be divided into Sections A and B. Candidates will be required to answer the following from their chosen topic:

one question in Section A out of a choice of two (30 marks). The essay questions will have an analytical focus that will require candidates to reach a substantiated judgement on a historical issue or problem

one question in Section B out of a choice of two (40 marks). The question will require candidates to compare the provided source material while exploring an issue of historical debate, and to reach substantiated judgements in the light of their own knowledge and understanding of the issues of interpretation and controversy.

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In Section B, candidates will be provided with five or six unseen secondary sources totalling approximately 350-400 words per question. These sources will be made available with the examination paper.The question will require candidates to compare the provided source material while exploring an issue of historical debate, and to reach substantiated judgements in the light of their own knowledge and understanding of the issues of interpretation and controversy.

a) Why did constitutional monarchy fail in the years 1789-92?

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The French Revolution-Controversy

Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792?

Topic Outline

Introduction to the controversy

How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly

Why was there a struggle over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

How important was the rise of the Political clubs of the 1790s?

Was the Flight to Varennes significant?

Why did France go to war?

How did the monarchy come to an end?

What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793

What happened at Louis’ trial and execution?

AssessmentDocumentIt was the coming of war which destroyed the French Monarchy in 1792?Do you agree?

The deteriorating economic climate brought about the downfall of the constitutional monarchy in France in 1792Explain how far this is accurate

How far do you agree with the view that the downfall of the monarchy in August 1792 was brought about by the Jacobin minority? (June 2012)

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Why did the Constitutional Monarchy fail between October 1789 and August 1792

How far reaching were the reforms of the National Assembly?

www.historytl.comThe French Revolution-Controversy

A Meritocracy?

Discuss with the person next to youShould people only get things such as jobs based on merit?Do we live in a society that only rewards merit




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ObjectivesTo understand the principles that under pin the reforms

To research and prepare a presentation on a given area of reform

To make a judgement as to how far reaching these reforms were


Proclamation of the Constitution of 1791



Common PrinciplesThe principle of electionThe principle of meritocracyThe principle of equalityThe principle of wealth


Areas ReformedLocal GovernmentTax and financeEconomyLegal SystemThe ConstitutionThe Church (to be looked at separately)

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The principle of electionLocal government officials electedUnder the constitution active citizens were electedMagistrates and judges were electedClergy were to be elected

The principle of wealthVoting qualifications were based on wealthOnly the very rich bourgeoisie could become Deputies to the Assembly.Wealth ensured that the bourgeoisie and the peasants could “buy in” to the Revolution through the purchase of Church lands.The Declaration of Rights which underpinned the reforms stated

The principle of meritocracyOfficials were elected to local government based on meritJudges were to be elected based on their merits – their amount of experience

The principle of equalityThere was to be equality before the law with the abolition of ecclesiastical and seigneural courts.There was to be equality of taxation with the introduction of the new land tax that was to be paid by all and based on land values.There was to be equality in the payment of salaries to the clergy as great discrepancies of wealth were evened out.


Principles of reform?

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In groups you will need to investigate one area of the reforms

You will need to provide a presentation and handout that includesAn outline of the reforms of your areaAn explanation of where and how they reflect the principles behind the reformsA conclusion as to how far reaching the reforms were in your area based on differences before reform Areas ReformedLocal Government – Leigh & MarkTax and finance – Adam & ReeceEconomy- Andrew & DillionLegal System –Darina & HarisonThe Constitution – Matthew & James




In pairs sort the cards under three headings

Political Social and Religious change

Then prioritise the comments

Which area of France do you think saw the most significant reforms?

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Some reflections on the reforms?

The change in the relationship between Church & State; the Church becomes subservient to the State.

The change in the position of the King; he becomes a constitutional monarch.

The rise of the Bourgeoisie. The fear of the mob. The loyalty of the peasants to the

Revolution. The crisis over the Civil Constitution of

the Clergy which splits France.www.historytl.com




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ObjectivesTo understand what the Civil Constitution was

To investigate the arguments for and against the Civil Constitution

To assess the impact of this ‘reform’ on the king


cartoon representation of the confiscation of church lands





What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy say?

What were the arguments for and against it?

The Key DebateDid this reform have any significance on the course of the revolution?


What does this suggest about how events in France are developing?

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ObjectivesTo investigate why there was an increase in discontent

To research and investigate the new clubs that have grown up in Paris

To be introduced to the groups/clubs that will dominate the next stages of the revolution


The Jacobin Club


http://go2.wordpress.com/?id=725X1342&site=napoleonstark.wordpress.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnapoleonstark.files.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F07%2Frouget-de-lisle-singing-for-the-first-time-la-marseillaise-at-the-home-of-dietrich-mayor-of-strasbourg.jpg&sref=http%3A%2F%2Fnapoleonstark.wordpress.com%2Fpolitical-parties-of-the-french-revolution%2F




What reasons can you find why France became more radical and extreme in

1791/2?

Using the extra information complete your tables on the make up of the clubs

How significant do you believe the clubs were in increasing revolutionary discontent?



In pairs

Why might the King try to leave the country?

What might he hope to achieve by doing so?

Aim for three suggestions for each




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ObjectivesTo understand the events surrounding the flight to Varennes

To investigate the significance of this event

To apply documents and knowledge to our judgement on the significance of the Flight to Varennes


the apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes





Read through the account of the flight, in 70 words explain what happened

Using the documents answer questions1 and 2

Now return to the information –read the background information as to the significance of this flight

Apply this knowledge in answering Document question 3


The flight to Varennes

Major Event

The Flight to Varennes

Root Causes

Causes

Effect

The French Revolution-Controversy www.historytl.com




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ObjectivesTo find possible reasons for war

To investigate the arguments for and against going to war






Take each source in turn Is it in favour or against the warWhat is the argument used for this?

Now look to find examples of further groups and individuals who were for and against the war by completing your table.

Robespierre




And what was the impact on France of this decision?

Complete a Flow Map of events from April to September 1792, giving a brief

explanation of each event

Use this research to complete your table on the impact of the War



20th April 1792-21st Sept 1792

• Defeat in Austrian Netherlands• Lafayette requests the Assembly to make peace• Louis XVI vetoes 2 laws• Journee on 20th June• The call to arms ‘La Patrie endanger…’• August 1st The Brunswick manifesto• August 10th The Storming of the Tuilieries• Suspension & imprisonment of the King• September Massacres• Victory at Valmy• Election of a new Assembly• A new Calendar

The French Revolution-Controversy www.historytl.com




And what was the impact on France of this decision?

Prepare your document answer



It was the coming of War which destroyed the French monarchy’?

The Coming of Revolution 1786-9www.historytl.com

Does this source agree?

Annotate the source

Own knowledge to support the source

Source A-Popular and fraternal Societies sprang up in great numbers during the winter of 1790-91, generally under the patronage of Marat, and as an off-shot of the Cordeliers Club. Their aim was popularise, amongst those who could not educate themselves. Rousseau and republicanism. So the new ideas spread.

They would hardly have done so but for economic distress, the treachery of the king and fear of war. ‘As things are’ wrote Cabanis, the latest adviser to the court, on the 21st April 1791, ‘and during the King’s lifetime, no party either in the assembly or out of it would dare to propose an other form of government. The republicans have different hopes; but as long as the King himself is safe, the situation can be saved.’ This safeguard Louis had now deliberately thrown away. The quite unprecedented protest of public opinion against the flight to Varennes opened the mouth of republicanism.JM Thompson The French Revolution 1943





Annotate the source


Source -B

Yet in spite of the mistrust of the King, it seemed likely that the Constitution of 1791 would survive. What prevented this was the war with Austria, which began in April 1792. This event had more decisive and far reaching results than any other in the whole of the Revolution. Almost everything that had happened in France from that time was caused, or affected, by it. The war finally destroyed the consensus of 1789. It led directly to the fall of the monarchy, to civil war and the Terror.

Duncan Townson France in Revolution 1990





Annotate the source


Source -CA second revolution had indeed occurred in the summer of 1792, ushering in universal suffrage and ,in effect, a republic. But it did not have the warm and virtually unanimous support that the nation had offered in the first. Events since 1789 had brought difference and divisions: many had followed their priests. Of those who remained loyal to the Revolution, some criticised 10 August, while others stood by, fearing the day’s aftermath. Those who had actually participated in the insurrection or who unhesitatingly approved it were few in number, a minority resolved to crush counter-revolution by any means.

Georges Lefebvre The French Revolution 1965




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ObjectivesTo identify what happened when the Hotel du Ville was attacked.

To research the September Massacres

To assess the significance of these actions



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Street_Scene_of_Massacre.jpg




The Attack on the Hotel du Ville

What happened

here in 1792?

Significant?





The September MassacresA sign of things to come?

Where does all this leave the monarchy?


What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?

Source Analysis

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ObjectivesTo investigate, through sources, the factors involved

To use sources to support areas of debate

To come to a conclusion on the controversy



What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January

1793?


Was the downfall of the Constitutional Monarchy

inevitable?



1793?


You have five minutes In pairsWhat arguments can you find in

the sources that it was the King’s actions that led to his downfall?What evidence can you find that

the role of religion played a part?

Which of these two factors do you think was the most important?


Why did the Constitutional Monarchy come to an end?


Causes of the fall

Civil Constitution

of the Clergy

The King’s own actions


Why did the monarchy come to an end?


Fall of Absolute monarchy

Fall of Constitutional

monarchy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo



1793?


Some areas of debate to pursueA consequence of Louis’ personal failings and mistakes?A consequence of too much reform too quickly?The result of war?The result of deepening economic crisis?A consequence of the machinations* of a radical minority?A consequence of divisions amongst conservative forces?Any other factors?

Area of Debate

Evidence forIndentify and quote source

Evidence forIndentify and quote source


What was central to the breakdown of the constitutional monarchy of Louis XVI between October 1789 and January 1793?

Exam practise

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ObjectivesTo investigate, through sources, the factors involved

To use sources to support areas of debate

To apply these skills to exam questions


part three 1 st controversy why did the constitutional monarchy fail between october 1789 and august...

Documents

french monarchy

historical issue

rewards merit slide

national assembly

issue of historical

section b

substantiated judgements

provided source material