part-iiilph-2013

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Página | 1 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO IMPERATIVE PRESENT TENSE The imperative is formed with the verb without a subject. Example Open the door. Come here. Look at her! She is beautiful. Wake up you’re late. Help me! I can’t move! Give this to Liz it’s hers. Do your homework now! The negative imperative is formed with do not or don’t. Example Don’t/ do not help me. Don’t/ do not jump in the bed. Don’t/ do not read this. If we want to be polite, we can use the word please, it can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Example Please, don’t go. Please, don’t eat it. Please, read it. Don’t go, please Don’t open the door, please. Don’t drink more, please. We use the imperative to describe: Give orders. Example Write your name here. Give instructions. Example Take a deep breath.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

IMPERATIVE PRESENT TENSE

The imperative is formed with the verb without a subject. Example

Open the door.

Come here.

Look at her! She is beautiful.

Wake up you’re late.

Help me! I can’t move!

Give this to Liz it’s hers.

Do your homework now!

The negative imperative is formed with do not or don’t. Example

Don’t/ do not help me.

Don’t/ do not jump in the bed.

Don’t/ do not read this.

If we want to be polite, we can use the word please, it can be at the

beginning or at the end of the sentence. Example

Please, don’t go.

Please, don’t eat it.

Please, read it.

Don’t go, please

Don’t open the door, please.

Don’t drink more, please.

We use the imperative to describe:

Give orders. Example

Write your name here.

Give instructions. Example

Take a deep breath.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

Offer something. Example

Have some tea.

Make a request. Example

Be quiet. EXERCISE

I. Match the numbers with the letters

I. Listen (a) at the board.

II. Open (b) your name on the board.

III. Look (c) in pairs.

IV. Work (d) your books to page 15.

V. Write (e) to the conversation.

II. Write the imperative sentence for the following drawings.

1. __________________________(Affirmative)

2. ___________________________(Negative)

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

3. _____________________________(Affirmative)

4. ______________________________(Negative)

5. ________________________________(Affirmative)

6. _________________________________(Negative)

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

7. _________________________________ (Affirmative)

8. ________________________________( Negative)

9. _______________________________(Affirmative)

10. ____________________________ (Negative)

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

Present Simple Auxiliary DO-DOES

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I work Do I work at home? I do not/don’t work at home.

You work at home. Do you work at home? You do not/don’t work at home.

He works at home. Does he work at home? He does not/doesn’t work at home.

She works at home. Does she work at home? She does not/doesn’t work at home.

It works at home. Does it work at home? It does not/doesn’t work at home.

We work at home. Do we work at home? We do not/don’t work at home.

You work at home. Do you work at home? You do not/don’t work at home.

They work at home. Do they work at home? They do not/don’t work at home.

Spelling 3rd person singular, affirmative

Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. Example He sits, she drinks, It works

Verb ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o take -es. Example He kisses his girlfriend. He wishes, He goes, It watches

Verbs ending in a consonant + y drop -y and take -ies. Example He flies (fly) She cries (cry) She hurries (hurry)

Verb ending in a vowel + y take -s. Example

He says

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

She plays

She enjoys

She stays

We use DO-DOES to describe:

Permanent states, repeated actions and daily routines. Example

Carlos lives in London. (permanent state)

He goes to work by bus. (repeated action)

She gets up at six o’clock every morning (daily action)

Likes and dislikes. Example

He likes horses. I hate planes.

General truths or laws of nature. Example

The Sun shines in the East.

Time expressions that we can use with the present simple.

1. Every day 2. Every week 3. Every month 4. Every year 5. In the morning 6. In the afternoon 7. In the evening 8. On Monday 9. On Saturday

Adverbs of frequency. 10. Usually 11. Often 12. Always 13. Never 14. Seldom 15. Sometimes 16. Rarely

Adverbs of frequency usually come before the verb. Example. He always eats tamales in the morning. He doesn’t often do homework.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

Does he often do his homework?

However, they come after the verb be. Example. He is always here. I am not always here.

PRESENT SIMPLE

TO HAVE TO HAS

AUXILIARY DO-DOES AMERICAN ENGLISH

We use to talk about:

To show what belongs to someone for example, family,

possessions. Example I have two sisters and a brother. I don’t have a car.

Qualifications. Example

Do you have a driver’s license?

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE I have two brothers Do I have two brothers? I do not/don’t have two

brothers.

You have two brothers Do you have two brothers? You do not/don’t have two brothers.

He has two brothers Does he have two brothers?

He does not/doesn’t have two brothers.

She has two brothers Does she have two brothers?

She does not/doesn’t have two brothers.

It has two brothers Does it have two brothers? It does not/doesn’t have two brothers.

We have two brothers Do we have two brothers? We do not/don’t have two brothers.

You have two brothers Do you have two brothers? You do not/don’t have two brothers.

They have two brothers. Do they have two brothers? They do not/don’t have two brothers.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

PRESENT SIMPLE

TO HAVE GOT TO HAS GOT

BRITISH ENGLISH We use to talk about:

To show what belongs to someone for example, family, possessions. Example

I have got two sisters and one brother. I have got a car. I have got a TV in my room. Has your sister got a new car?

Qualifications. Example. Have you got a driver’s license?

To describe people, animals and things. Example Mr. Smith hasn’t got a beard. Joshua’s dogs have got a red ball. Our house has got three bedrooms.

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE I have got two brothers Have I got two brothers? I haven’t/ have not got two

brothers.

You have got two brothers Have you got two brothers? You haven’t/ have not got two brothers.

He has got two brothers Has he got two brothers? He hasn’t/has not got two brothers.

She has got two brothers Has she got two brothers? She hasn’t/ has not got two brothers.

It has got two brothers Has it got two brothers? It hasn’t/ has not got two brothers.

We have got two brothers Have we got two brothers? We haven’t/ have not got two brothers.

You have got two brothers Have you got two brothers? You haven’t/ have not got two brothers.

They have got two brothers. Have they got two brothers?

They haven’t/ have not got two brothers.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

The verb to be

PRESENT SIMPLE (Irregular verb)

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE

LONG FORM SHORT FORM

I am a doctor. Yes, I’m. Am I a doctor?

You are a doctor. Yes, you’re. Are you a doctor?

He is a doctor. Yes, he’s. Is he a doctor?

She is a doctor. Yes, she’s. Is she a doctor?

It is a doctor. Yes, it’s. Is it a doctor?

We are doctors. Yes, we’re. Are we doctors?

You are doctors. Yes, you’re. Are you doctors?

They are doctors. Yes, they’re Are they doctors?

NEGATIVE

LONG FORM SHORT FORM

I am not a doctor. I’m not.

You are not a doctor. You aren’t.

He is not a doctor. He isn’t.

She is not a doctor. She isn’t.

It is not a doctor. It isn’t.

We are not doctors. We aren’t.

You are not doctors. You aren’t.

They are not doctors. They aren’t.

NOTE. We use short forms in spoken English or in informal written English. Nevertheless in the formal written English we must use long forms.

We use to be to describe:

To introduce yourself or to introduce people. Example

I am John.

This is Monique.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

To say where you are from. Example

Where are you from?

I am from Mexico.

Are you from Spain?

Yes, I am / No I’m not

To talk about age. Example

How old are you?

I am 20 years old / No, I’m not 22 years old.

To ask about nationality. Example

Is she Japanese?

Yes, she is / No she isn’t.

To describe what happen or occur. Example

The party is after school.

To attend or present. Example

I am in the party.

She is in the school.

To indicate a quality or state. Example

He is ten years old.

The earth is around.

To ask about people and things. Example

Who is that?

What is this?

We use the Present Continuous or Progressive:

A. Actions happening now, at the moment of speaking. Example

I am studying now in the classroom. I am writing a letter.

B. For actions happening around the moment of speaking.

(Actions simultaneously). Example They are singing now. Andy is looking for a new house these days.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

Present Progressive or Continuous AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I am playing football now. Are you playing football now?

No, you are not/ aren’t playing football now.

You are playing football now.

Are you playing football now?

No, you are not/aren’t playing football now.

He is playing football now. Is he playing football now? No, he is not/isn’t playing football now.

She is playing football now.

Is she playing football now?

No, she is not/isn’t playing football now.

It is playing football now? Is it playing football now? No, it is not/isn’t playing football now.

We are playing football now.

Are we playing football now?

No, we are not/aren’t playing football now.

You are playing football now.

Are you playing football now?

No, you are not/aren’t playing football now.

We are playing football now.

Are we playing football now?

No, we are not/aren’t playing football now.

C. Fixed arrangements in the near future. Example

I am seeing my doctor next week. She is going to Alaska next week. The invitations are ready. They are getting married next

month

Rules for –ing

I. If the verb ends in -e, I erase –e and add –ing. Example

Practice = Practicing

Bake = Baking

Ride =Riding

Note =Noting

II. These verbs when they need to add –ing, they double the last

consonant Example 1) win winning

2) sit sitting

3) put putting

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

4) hit hitting

5) run running

6) get getting

7) stop stopping

8) dig digging

III. these verbs only add –ing Example

1) Study studying

2) Cry crying

3) Try trying

IV. When the verbs ending in vowel + -y. –x, -w, we add –ing.

Example 1) Drawing

2) Mixing

3) Playing

V. These verbs never use in –ing. Example

1) be

2) believe

3) feel

4) have

5) hear

6) know

7) love

8) see

9) sleep

10) smell

11) sound

12) taste

13) think

14) understand

15) want

NOTE: They are used in the present progressive only when they become deliberate for example what are you doing? I am thinking.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

VI. If the verbs are not included in the rules; they only add –ing.

Example 1) sing singing 2) jump jumping 3) read reading 4) go going 5) do doing 6) work working

TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

At present At the moment Now Right now Just now

EXERCISE

I. Rewrite the sentences in the negative and interrogative, as in the example.

He is playing football. He isn’t playing football. Is he playing football?

1. They are wearing heavy jackets.

2. You are making a sandcastle.

3. She is decorating the Christmas tree.

4. It is raining today.

5. I’m going on a picnic.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

6. They are preparing their French Material.

7. He is sunbathing.

8. They are listening to music.

9. We are swimming.

10. Aranza is dancing polka

III. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.

1. Jim usually____________ (wake up) late on Sundays.

2. I __________ (play) tennis at the moment.

3. Sheila__________ (listen) to music in her free time.

4. The sun usually ________ (shine) in the summer.

5. We_________ (make) a snowman at the moment.

6. The children___________ (swim) now.

7. She__________ (go)on a picnic every Sunday.

8. Bill_______ (have) a shower at the moment. ***** EXCEPTION

9. They_________ (decorate) the Christmas tree now.

10. Joy________ (watch) TV every afternoon.

11. They_________ (sleep) at the moment.

12. George ___________ (drive) to work every morning.

13. He___________ (walk) in the park every afternoon.

14. Julie sometimes__________ (wear) long skirts.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

15. It__________ (snow) heavily today.

I. Most nouns take —s in the plural. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Car cars

2. Cat cats

3. Dog dogs

4. House houses

5. Pen pens

6. Pencil pencils

7. Table tables

8. Dove doves

9. Fortification fortifications

10. Hall halls

11. Notebook notebooks

12. Blog blogs

13. Parcel parcels

14. Apple apples

15. Edition editions

FACEBOOK WRITING EXAM WRITING

I. Write a profile of yourself. Say something about

1) your interests (mention two) 2) your best subjects at school (mention two) 3) your personality (mention two things) 4) your greatest wish that may or may not come true 5) your plans for the future (mention two things)

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

16. Flag flags

17. Flannel flannels

18. Guest guests

19. Magnet magnets

20. Maid Maids

II. Nouns ending in —ss, —s, -sh, —ch, —x, and —z, take —es in

the plural. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Dress Dresses

2. Bus buses

3. Brush brushes

4. Torch torches

5. Box boxes

6. Church churches

7. Crash crashes

8. Buzz buzzes

9. Match matches

III. Some nouns ending in —f or —fe drop the —f or —fe and take —ves to form their plural. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Loaf loaves

2. Knife knives

3. Calf calves

4. Half halves

5. Leaf leaves

6. Life lives

7. Self selves

8. Shelf shelves

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

9. Thief thieves

10. Wife wives

11. Wolf wolves

IV. Nouns ending in a consonant + y drop the —y and take —ies.

Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Cherry cherries

2. Lady ladies

3. Country countries

4. Ferry ferries

5. Party parties

6. Puppy puppies

7. Library libraries

8. Memory memories

9. Prophecy prophecies

10. Mummy mummies.

11. Lolly lollies

12. Dormitory dormitories

13. Gypsy gypsies

V. Nouns ending in a vowel +y take —s. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Boy boys

2. Toy toys

3. Day days

4. Monkey monkeys

But the exception is: Cliff cliffs Roof roofs

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

5. Donkey donkeys

VI. Some nouns ending in —o take —es. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Tomato tomatoes

2. Potato potatoes

3. Echo echoes

4. Hero heroes

5. Negro negroes

VII. Nouns ending in VOWEL + O; they add —s. Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Radio radios

2. Zoo zoos

3. Video videos

VIII. The words come into another language; they only add —s.

Example

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Photo photos.

2. Commando comandos

3. Concerto concertos

4. Kilo kilos

5. Logo logos

6. Piano pianos

7. Solo solos

8. Soprano sopranos

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

VIII. A few common words ending in —o can have TWO plurals in –s or

—es. Example

NOUN PLURAL I PLURAL II MEANING

1. Buffalo Buffalos Buffaloes

2. Mosquito Mosquito Mosquitoes

3. Tornado Tornados Tornadoes

4. Volcano Volcanos Volcanoes

IX. IRREGULAR PLURAL

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Child Children

2. Dormouse Dormice

3. Foot Feet

4. Goose Geese

5. Louse Lice

6. Man Men

7. Mouse Mice

8. Ox Oxen

9. Tooth Teeth

10. Woman Women

11. Person People

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING

1. Advice Advice

2. Barracks Barracks

3. Cheese Cheese

4. Crossroads Crossroads

5. Deer Deer

6. Equipment Equipment

7. Fish Fish

8. Furniture Furniture

9. Headquarters Headquarters

10. Homework Homework

11. Information Information

12. Knowledge Knowledge

13. Luggage Luggage

14. Means Means

15. Milk Milk

16. Money Money

17. Music Music

18. News News

19. Salt Salt

20. Series Series

21. Sheep Sheep

22. Species Species

23. Swiss Swiss

24. Time Time

25. Traffic Traffic

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COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

26. Water Water

27. Works (factory) Works

EXERCISE

I. Write the plural form of these nouns.

SINGULAR PLURAL MEANING 1. Carpet

2. Bedroom

3. Brush

4. Shop

5. Bus

6. Glass

7. Bench

8. Plant

9. Cherry

10. Cliff

11. Butterfly

12. Tomato

13. Radio

14. Banana

15. Toy

16. Loaf

17. Photo

18. City

19. Story

20. Monkey

21. Sandwich

22. Inch

23. Berry

24. Horse

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COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

25. Crocodile

26. Gum

27. House

28. Toe

29. Thief

30. Calf

31. Commentary

32. Silhouette

33. Summary

34. Eel

35. Effects

36. Key

37. Kangaroo

38. Knoll

39. Pledge

40. Plum

41. Proof

42. Theme

43. Turban

44. Turtle

45. War

46. Ecstasy

47. Economy

48. Immunity

49. Kidney

50. Laboratory

51. Trilogy

52. Transformation

53. Echo

54. treasury

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COPYRIGHT 2013-2014 LAURA PABLO

55. auxiliary

II. Rewrite the sentences in the plural, as in the example.

1. She is a doctor. They are doctors.

2. He is a policeman. __________________________________

3. It is a cat. _________________________________________

4. I am a singer. ______________________________________

5. She is a girl. _______________________________________

6. It is an armchair. ____________________________________

7. I am a man. _______________________________________

8. He is a pilot. _______________________________________

9. You are a farmer. ___________________________________

10. It is a mouse. ______________________________________

11. I am a surgeon. ____________________________________

12. It is a fox. _________________________________________

13. It is a fish. ________________________________________

14. You are an actress. _________________________________

15. He is an astronaut __________________________________

16. This is a sheep _____________________________________

17. It is my own mouse__________________________________

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18. He draws one deer.__________________________________

19. This is my homework_________________________________

20. I see a butterfly _____________________________________

Modal Verbs Present

Can

AFFIRMATIVE INTEROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I can play baseball in the garden.

Can I play baseball in the garden?

I cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

You can play baseball in the garden.

Can you play baseball in the garden?

You cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

He can play baseball in the garden.

Can he play baseball in the garden?

He cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

She can play baseball in the garden.

Can she play baseball in the garden?

She cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

It can play baseball in the garden.

Can it play baseball in the garden?

It cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

They can play baseball in the garden.

Can they play baseball in the garden?

They cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

You can play baseball in the garden.

Can you play baseball in the garden?

You cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

We can play baseball in the garden.

Can we play baseball in the garden?

We cannot/can’t baseball in the garden.

We use it:

Express ability to do something. Example

I can play baseball.

Make a request. Example

Can I use the phone, please?

Offer help. Example

Can I help you?

Refuse help. Example

I’m sorry, I’m afraid, I can’t

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Deduction or conclusion. Example

He can’t be Italian

In negative sentences we must write cannot

EXERCISE

I. Make true sentences using can or can’t, as in the example.

1. an elephant/ play /tennis. a. An elephant can’t play tennis.

2. A typist/ type/ letter.

_______________________________________________

3. a whale / read

_______________________________________________

4. an artist / paint pictures

_______________________________________________

5. a sheep / fly

_______________________________________________

6. a chef / cook delicious dishes.

_______________________________________________

II. Write ten true sentences about yourself, as in the example:

I can swim but I can’t fly a plane

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

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5. __________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________

MODAL VERB

PRESENT TENSE MUST 100 %

We used MUST to:

Express total obligation. Example

You must study so hard.

Express necessity. Example

You must take your dog for a walk every day.

Deduction or conclusion. Example

They must be Americans.

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE I must study so hard. Must I study hard? I must not/ mustn’t study so

hard.

You must study so hard. Must you study hard? You must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

He must study so hard. Must he study hard? He must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

She must study so hard. Must she study hard? She must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

It must study so hard. Must it study hard? It must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

We must study so hard. Must we study hard? We must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

You must study so hard. Must you study hard? You must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

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They must study so hard. Must they study hard? They must not/ mustn’t study so hard.

Negative

NOTE: When we talk about Must in negative, it changes its meaning, it means total prohibition

You must not/mustn’t go out with your friends.

You must not/mustn’t speed on this road. (It’s illegal.)

2. Must is stronger than should. It has more formal or official tone.

EXERCISE I. Write five sentences about you when these activities represent a

completely obligation; and five sentences when they represent a total prohibition.

Total obligation. 1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

Total prohibition.

6. __________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________________

10. __________________________________________________________

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MODAL VERB

PRESENT TENSE SHOULD AND OUGHT TO

80 %

We used SHOULD AND OUGHT TO describe:

Ask for advice/suggestion. Example

What should I do? Should I take a sleeping pill?

Give advice. Example

He shouldn’t work so late.

Should AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE I should take all your vitamins

Should I take all your vitamins?

I should not/shouldn’t take all my vitamins.

You should take all your vitamins

Should you take all your vitamins?

You should not/shouldn’t take all your vitamins.

He should take all his vitamins

Should he take all his vitamins?

He should not/shouldn’t take all his vitamins.

She should take all her vitamins

Should she take all her vitamins?

She should not/shouldn’t take all her vitamins.

It should take all its vitamins

Should it take all its vitamins?

It should not/shouldn’t take all its vitamins.

We should take all our vitamins

Should we take all our vitamins?

We should not/shouldn’t take all our vitamins.

You should take all your vitamins

Should you take all your vitamins?

You should not/shouldn’t take all you vitamins.

They should take all their vitamins

Should they take all their vitamins?

They should not/shouldn’t take all their vitamins.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

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OUGHT TO AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I ought to take all your vitamins

Ought I to take all your vitamins?

I ought not to take all my vitamins.

You ought to take all your vitamins

Ought you to take all your vitamins?

You ought not to take all your vitamins.

He ought to take all your vitamins

Ought he to take all your vitamins?

He ought not to take all his vitamins.

She ought to take all your vitamins

Ought she to take all your vitamins?

She ought not to take all her vitamins.

It ought to take all your vitamins

Ought it to take all your vitamins?

It ought not to take all its vitamins.

We ought to take all your vitamins

Ought we to take all your vitamins?

We ought not to take all our vitamins.

You ought to take all your vitamins

Ought you to take all your vitamins?

You ought not to take all your vitamins.

They ought to take all your vitamins

Ought they to take all your vitamins?

They ought not to take all them vitamins.

EXERCISE

I. . Fill in should or shouldn’t.

1. You __________eat lots of fruit and vegetables.

2. You___________ wear sunglasses at the beach.

3. You___________ talk with your mouth full.

4. a. I have a test tomorrow.

b. You__________ stay at home and study.

5. Peter___________ eat so much junk food.

6. People_________ light fires in the forests.

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COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

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7. You____________ always do your homework. 8. People______________ use aerosols. 9. a. Tim isn’t feeling well.

b. He__________ go to a doctor.

11. You___________ eat so many sweets. II. Underline the correct word.

1. You must/shouldn’t be quiet in class.

2. In China, you mustn’t/must kiss anyone in public.

3. People should/shouldn’t smoke because it’s bad for their health.

4. Speak louder, please. I can’t/can hear you.

5. Must/Can I have a glass of water, please?

6. You should/mustn’t keep your room tidy

7. You must/shouldn’t by pre-packaged food.

8. You can/mustn’t fight in class.

9. a. I’m tired

b. You should/mustn’t go to bed early.

10. a. Can I go to the cinema?

b. No, you shouldn’t/can’t.

MODAL VERB

PRESENT TENSE MAY

NEAR POSSIBILITY OR PROBABILITY

70 % We used MAY to describe:

Make polite request. Example

May I use your phone?

It is to express near possibilities. Example

I may pass Math exam (because I study)

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

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AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I may pass Math exam. May I pass Math exam? I may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

You may pass Math exam. May you pass Math exam? You may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

He may pass Math exam. May he pass Math exam? He may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

She may pass Math exam. May she pass Math exam? She may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

It may pass Math exam. May it pass Math exam? It may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

We may pass Math exam. May we pass Math exam? We may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

They may pass Math exam. May they pass Math exam? They may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

You may pass Math exam. May you pass Math exam? You may not/mayn’t pass Math exam.

MODAL VERB

PRESENT TENSE MIGHT

REMOTE PROBABILITY OR POSSIBILITY 50 %

We use MIGHT to describe:

It is to express remote possibilities or probabilities. Example

I might pass Math exam because I do not study so hard.

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I might pass Math exam. Might I pass Math exam? I might not pass Math exam.

You might pass Math exam. Might you pass Math exam? You might not pass Math exam.

He might pass Math exam. Might he pass Math exam? He might not pass Math exam.

She might pass Math exam. Might she pass Math exam? She might not pass Math exam.

It might pass Math exam. Might it pass Math exam? It might not pass Math exam.

We might pass Math exam. Might we pass Math exam? We might not pass Math exam.

They might pass Math exam. Might they pass Math exam? They might not pass Math exam.

You might pass Math exam. Might you pass Math exam? You might not pass Math exam.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA PLANTEL CUATRO VIDAL CASTAÑEDA Y NÁJERA

COLEGIO DE INGLES LAURA PABLO

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EXERCISE I. Write five sentences with may and five with might.

MAY 1. _______________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________

MIGHT

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________