PART III:DATA ANALYSIS

Structure

10. Questionnaires

9. Qualitative

13. Sampling

11. Experimental

8. Observation

7. Secondary data

16. Survey data

15. Qualitative

18. Research report

14. Secondary

4. Research ethics

3. Starting out

6. Reviewing lit.

5. Range of methods

2. Approaches

1. Introduction

PART I PREPARATIONPART II DATA COLLECTION

12. Case studies

PART III ANALYSIS

PART IV COMMUICATE RESULTS

17. Statistical

Chapter 14:Analysing secondary

data

CONTENTS

• This chapter comprises 5 case studies dealing with:• 14.1. The Spirit Level and sport: International data on

income inequality and sport participation • 14.2. Estimating demand for a sports facility• 14.3. Facility utilisation• 14.4. Facility catchment or market area• 14.5. Olympic medals• 14.6. The colour red and sporting success

Children’s play safety (CS 11.6A)

• Secondary data: reports of accidents in school playgrounds in Toronto (collected routinely for insurance etc. purposes)

• 86 playgrounds deemed unsafe and provided with new equipment = treatment group

• 225 playgrounds deemed safe: no action taken = control group

• Injuries per 1000 students for 10 months before and after the replacement of equipment.

• Treatment group: Injury rates declined.• Control group: Injury rates actually increased.

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.1 The Spirit Level and sport

• The Spirit Level Wilkinson & Pickett (2009):– secondary data from UN etc. – countries with more equal income distribution

perform better on a wide range of human welfare measures

– sport not covered• Sport participation data explored here

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Income inequality & sport participation: Europe, 2009 (Fig. 14.1)

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.030

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AUT

BEL

DEN

FIN FRAGER

GRE

IRE

ITA

NL

POR

SPA

SWE

UK

R² = 0.374816130600407

More equal Income distribution More unequal

% p

artic

ipati

ng in

spor

t

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.2 Estimating demand for a sports facility

C. Estimate total

demand from local population

A. Age-specific

participation rates (National Survey)

E. Capacity of

existing facilities

D. Typical facility capacity

H. No. of new facilities to cater for unmet

demand

F. Compare

G. Unmet demand

B. Population by age-

groups (Census)

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Estimating demand for a sports facility contd

C. Secondary data: National survey + CensusD. Estimated total demand: 4600 visits per weekD. Typical facility capacity: 500 visits/weekE. Capacity of 4 existing facilities: 2000 visits/weekF. Comparison: 4600 and 2000 visits/weekG. Unmet demand: 2600 visits/weekH. No. of new facilities to cater for unmet demand:

2600/500 = 5.2. Five courts.

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.3 Facility utilisation

• Secondary data: ticket/bookings data for different areas in a multi-purpose facility

• See Table 14.4 and Fig. 14.4

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Facility utilisation contd (Fig. 14.3)

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Area AArea B%

Util

ised

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.4 Facility catchment area:

• Secondary data: customer address data – from bookings or membership records

• See Fig. 14.4

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Facility catchment area contd (Fig. 14.4)

2 km

4 km

Facility One member

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.5 Olympic medals

• Measuring countries’ success/rank order:• Gold medals won• Total medals, gold, silver and bronze, won• Points: for example: gold = 3 points, silver = 2 points, bronze = 1

point• Medals per million population• Points per million population• Medals per $billion GDP• Points per $billion GDP• Medals per $1000 GDP per head• Points per $1000 GDP per head

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Gold medal rank

United States 1China 2Great Britain 3Russia 4South Korea 5Germany 6France 7Italy 8Hungary 9Australia 10

London 2012 Olympic Games: top 10 gold medal winners (Table 14.6)

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

Medals Medals per million popn

Medals per $bn GDP

Medals per $000 GDP/

headGold Total Points Medals Points Medals Points Medals Points

United States 1 1 1 49 44 66 8 9 8China 2 2 2 75 69 67 2 2 2Great Britain 3 4 4 20 18 41 10 11 10Russia 4 3 3 32 31 36 5 5 5South Korea 5 9 9 33 30 47 20 26 20Germany 6 5 5 37 34 54 15 17 15France 7 8 6 38 33 50 22 23 22Italy 8 10 10 41 37 53 26 25 26Hungary 9 15 12 7 5 16 21 24 21Australia 10 7 8 8 9 35 30 31 30

Ranks on 9 measures of performance (Table 14.7)

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge

CS 14.6 The colour red and sporting success

• Hill and Barton (2005):• Red = ‘maleness’ in many animals• Anger associated with red• Analysis of 4 combat sports in the 2004 Olympics, where

contestants are randomly assigned red and blue outfits.• Contestants wearing red consistently won more fights.• Confirmed using English soccer league data from 1947-• Challenged by Rowe et al.• See also CS 11.6b

A. J. Veal & S. Darcy (2014) Research Methods for Sport Studies and Sport Management: A practical guide. London: Routledge