part ii: jan staff part iii: brian niebergal
DESCRIPTION
Quark-Nova: Astrophysical Implications A primer on Compact Stars and Type II Super-novae A primer on Quark Stars and Quark-Novae Application to brightest Supernovae (SN 2006gy case) Application to Epoch of Reionization R. Ouyed (U. Calgary). Part II: Jan Staff - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Quark-Nova: Astrophysical Implications
A primer on Compact Stars and
Type II Super-novae
A primer on Quark Stars and Quark-Novae
Application to brightest Supernovae (SN 2006gy case)
Application to Epoch of Reionization
R. Ouyed (U. Calgary)
Quark-Nova: Astrophysical Implications
A primer on Compact Stars and
Type II Super-novae
A primer on Quark Stars and Quark-Novae
Application to brightest Supernovae (SN 2006gy case)
Application to Epoch of Reionization
R. Ouyed (U. Calgary)
Part II: Jan Staff
Part III: Brian Niebergal
Type II Supernovae
(Core-collapse Supernovae)
Type II Supernovae
(Core-collapse Supernovae)
Mass > 8 Msun
Core-CollapseSupernovae
Hydrogen present when they explode!
Mass-shedding Stars
Mass-shedding Stars
Black Holes
Neutron Stars
White Dwarfs
May or may not have hydrogen when they explode!
Energy releaseEnergy release
GRAVITY → RADIATION !!!GRAVITY → RADIATION !!!
NS
Grav. Energy (1053 erg) Kinetic Energy (1051 ergs) Radiation (1049 ergs)1% 1%
The Quark-Nova
Compact Stars in the QCD Phase DiagramCompact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram
Hybrid stars
Think of a Quark Star as a nucleon with ~1057 quarks.
The quarks are still confined!
u and d convert to s in order to reduce Pauli repulsion by
increasing flavor degeneracy
?
TG
Upon reaching a critical density (~5 times nuclear density),
the core of the neutron star converts rapidly into (u,d,s)
quark matter
Hybrid Stars (HS) Neutron Stars with Quark
Cores
Hybrid Stars (HS) Neutron Stars with Quark
Cores
Lead to Black Holes
Lead to Neutron Stars
Heavy NSs(HS candidates)
Neutron star to Quark star Transition
The quark matter core becomes
unstable and shrinks faster
than the enveloperesponse time!
The QUARK-NOVA !
ENERGY RELEASE (Huge Energy Reservoir)
Gravitational (~ 1053 ergs) Conversion (~ 50 MeV per baryon ----> 5x1052 ergs)
Core collapse
Neutrino & photon emission
The KEY message to “explosive astrophysics”community:
Quark Matter Photon Fireball !
The KEY message to “explosive astrophysics”community:
Quark Matter Photon Fireball !
CFL
QN key ingredients
Energy Reservoir (more than 1053 erg)
Photon Fireball (up to 1052 ergs in K)
Ultra-relativistic iron-rich ejectum
Heavy-element-rich (A>130) ejecta
+ Massive Progenitor
"This was a truly monstrous explosion, a hundred times more energetic than a typical supernova,"
Quark Nova
and
Super-luminous Supernovae
1051 ergs in Radiation !
100 times a normal Supernova !
3 Possible Mechanisms3 Possible Mechanisms
(1) interaction of the supernova blast wave with circumstellar material (CSM)
(2) energy from radioactive decay of 56Ni
(3) Oscillating PISN
(1) interaction of the supernova blast wave with circumstellar material (CSM)
(2) energy from radioactive decay of 56Ni
(3) Oscillating PISN
Need too much surroundingEjecta !
Need too much Nicke !
Very massive progenitor !Artificial energy input!
Ekinetic = 6.4x1052 erg; Mejecta = 53Msun; M(Ni+CO) = 15Msun
Standard picture stretched to the extreme !
Quark-NovaEjecta
QuarkStar
NeutronStar
What does theQuark-Novahas to offer
in this context?
Dual Explosion!
Application SN2006gy
Application SN2006gy
Mejec = 40Msun
Rstar = 10 Rsun
2000 < VSN (km/s) < 4800 tdelay = 15 days
Light-Curves of SN2005gj
and SN2005ap
Light-Curves of SN2005gj
and SN2005ap
Keep same parametersas for SN2006gy except
SN2005gjtdelay = 10 days
SN2005aptdelay = 40 days
Find the first bump (the SN) before the second bump (the QN)
A double-hump!
Kawabata et al. 2009, ApJ
The Nature of the Beast
As the photosphere receedsdeeper, one would start seeingheavy elements processed during the QN. These linesshould look narrow since theQN ejecta is slowed down byinteraction with the preceedingSN ejecta …
The Photosphere
OCCURRENCE RATEOCCURRENCE RATE
Superluminous supernova are rare events: about 1 out of 1000 supernovae
Dual Shock quark novae are also estimated to occur for about 1 out of 1000 supernovae
Superluminous supernova are rare events: about 1 out of 1000 supernovae
Dual Shock quark novae are also estimated to occur for about 1 out of 1000 supernovae
Lead to Black Holes
Lead to Neutron Stars
Heavy NSs(QS candidates)
Follow-up talk by Jan Staff: implications to GRBs ……
z 123456789
?
?
0
HI
HII(Hydrogen
“fully” ionized)
Quark-Novae and
Reionization Era
Quark-Novae and
Reionization Era
From Avi Loeb
reionization
2 Key Constraints:1. WMAP: zstart= 20 (tau_e~0.11)2. WMAP: zend ~ 6
Fan et al. 2006
The Source(s) of reionizatio?
The Source(s) of reionizatio?
One is left with first stars!
One is left with first stars!
Loeb, Ostriker, Chiu, Fan, Venkatessan, Tegmark, Gnedini, Becker, Carilli, Ferrara, Gallerani, Jiang,
Richards, Choudhury, Strauss, Xu, Walter, White ect…
Pop III stars unlikely !
If GRBs are indeed quark-novae (see Staff’s talk)then
high-z GRBs should cluster around z~6-8
6 < z < 8
FIN …
or is it may be just … the beginning
FIN …
or is it may be just … the beginning
Dual-explosion
Takeaway message:
Photon-driven (instead of traditional neutrino-driven) explosions
Dual-explosions
vv
Neutrons
Target or seednuclei
(neutron star crust)
Collapsing core
r-process nucleo-synthesis
Light element (Ge, Ti) production by alpha-burning
Observations of Gamma-rays from 44Ti (half-life=90 years)could in principle confirm the Quark-Nova Scenario
44Ti
73Ge
79Se
195Pt132Xe U island
152Eu
R-process Elements from the Quark Nova
SpectrumSpectrum
2006gy
Ia
The Nature of the Beast
QN inside a SN
QN inside a SN
QN shock/chunks wave moves through entire
Supernova ejecta
SN ejecta becomes fully shocked by QN chunks
Shocks/chunks breakout
Hot SN ejecta cools slowly by adiabatic expansion