part i instructions: shade the letter of the correct ... · page 9 of 30 world geography 3202 june...

World Geography 3202 June 2008 of 30

PART I

Instructions: Shade the letter of the correct answer on the machine scorable answer sheetprovided.

SECTION A TOTAL VALUE: 42%

Instructions: Do ALL of the Questions in Part I, Section A.

1. Which illustrates a compressional force?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

2. Which fault is illustrated below?

(A) normal(B) overthrust(C) reverse(D) rift

3. What triggers volcanic activity?

(A) faulting and folding(B) heat and pressure(C) shape of the volcano(D) size of the volcano


4. What physical weathering process acted upon the boulder in the highland region below?

(A) exfoliation(B) frost fracture(C) plant action(D) oxidation

5. What is the process by which rivers erode their banks?

(A) hydrolosis(B) lateral erosion(C) oxidation(D) vertical erosion

6. What stage of river development would occur next in the graphic below?

(A) late maturity(B) maturity(C) old age(D) youth

7. What glacial feature consists of a horseshoe shaped hollow cut into bedrock?

(A) arête(B) cirque(C) hanging valley(D) lateral moraine


8. Which feature will form next in the coastal environment below?

(A) arch (B) cave(C) spit(D) stack

9. Which delta is illustrated below?

(A) arcuate(B) digitate(C) estuarine(D) oxbow

10. Which has the greatest impact on seasonal changes between the Northern and Southernhemisphere?

(A) distance of Earth to the Moon(B) Earth’s revolution around the sun(C) Earth’s rotation on its axis(D) gravitational impact of the Moon on Earth

11. What influence does latitude have on temperature?

(A) As latitude decreases, temperature decreases.(B) As latitude increases, temperature decreases.(C) As latitude increases, temperature increases.(D) Latitude has no impact on temperature.


12. Which explains the creation of a land breeze?

(A) Air temperature heats up quicker over land during the night.(B) Air temperature over land is higher than over a body of water.(C) Air temperature over land is lower than over a body of water.(D) Air temperature usually decreases over land during daylight.

13. What causes the deflection of the wind from the North Pole to Dallas, Texas?

(A) Coriolis effect(B) Earth’s revolution(C) ocean currents(D) prevailing winds

14. Which is the driest location in the diagram below?

(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D

15. Which region has the highest temperature range?

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

(A) -10 -9 -2 7 13 17 21 19 13 8 -2 -7

(B) -3 -4 0 5 10 14 19 19 16 10 5 1

(C) 2 5 9 14 22 25 28 27 20 14 10 5

(D) 24 24 26 28 29 29 27 27 27 28 27 26

(Temperatures are in Degrees Celsius)


16. What accounts for the fact that location X has cooler summer temperatures than location Y?

(A) continentality(B) latitude(C) monsoons(D) ocean currents

17. Which location would have the greatest annual temperature range using the map below?

(A) A(B) B(C) C(D) D

18. What is the primary cause of monsoons?

(A) altitude(B) longitude(C) ocean currents(D) pressure systems

19. Which explains why toxins concentrate at the top of the food pyramid?

(A) Top consumers are the primary target of pesticides.(B) Top consumers receive all the energy and toxins from producers.(C) Toxins are fat soluble and at each higher level become more concentrated.(D) Toxins are found in water and higher order consumers drink more.


20. Why are there fewer organisms at higher levels in the food pyramid?

(A) Decomposers transfer energy to the higher levels.(B) Most of the energy is contained in the highest level.(C) Organisms at the higher trophic levels receive energy from the sun.(D) There is a loss of energy as you move from one trophic level to the next.

21. Which ecosystem would be found in the climatatic region below?

(A) boreal forest(B) marine west coast(C) savanna(D) temperate grassland

22. Which factor contributes most to increased soil fertility?

(A) capillary action(B) eluviation(C) humus accumulation(D) leaching


Juan has a small vegetable garden on his land wherehe produces just enough food for his family.

23. Which condition is necessary for a natural material to be considered a resource?

(A) accessible location(B) appropriate technology(C) correct climatic conditions(D) transportation infrastructure

24. Which is a process in a farming operation?

(A) climate(B) fertilizing(C) potatoes(D) soil

25. Which set of farming components is correctly classified?

Input Process Output

(A) Cheese Seeds Fertilizer

(B) Irrigating Climate Meat

(C) Ploughing Irrigating Tomatoes

(D) Seeds Ploughing Rice

26. Which type of farming operation is described below?

(A) agribusiness(B) commercial(C) extensive(D) subsistence

27. Which would best represent a commercial intensive farming operation in the developedworld?

Capital Yield Labour

(A) High High High

(B) High Low High

(C) Low High Low

(D) Low Low Low

28. What is the next step after a test well produces oil?

(A) Drill several other wells to determine the quantity of the oil.(B) Find buyers for the test well oil.(C) Seek financial help to cover the cost of extracting oil from the first test well.(D) Start the production phase.


29. Assuming no other water source is available, which type of agriculture would be bestsuited to climate region shown below?

(A) agribusiness(B) nomadic herding(C) plantation(D) slash and burn

30. Which represents selective cutting?

Damage to Environment Waste Cost of Cutting

(A) High High High

(B) High High Low

(C) Low Low High

(D) Low Low Low

31. Which best reflects a sustainable forest management strategy?

(A) Cut all available trees in the area.(B) Cut mature trees using several roads to access forest.(C) Use most recent technology to cut strips of trees.(D) Use slash and burn to remove sections of forest.

32. Which leads to the formation of oil and gas reserves?

(A) high precipitation, porous rock and location (B) non-porous rock, heat and ocean currents(C) pressure, heat and bacterial action(D) time, volcanic activity and rock structure

33. What is a manufacturing process that combines raw materials to create a product?

(A) analytic(B) conditioning(C) primary(D) synthetic


An automobile factory may set up close to a steel mill. A manufacturer ofautomobile tires decides to set up near the automobile assembly plant.

34. Which is the best example of a product produced by a heavy industry?

(A) jeans(B) pianos(C) sport utility vehicles(D) super oil tankers

35. Which is a resource-oriented industry?

(A) bakery(B) nickel refinery(C) soft-drink production(D) yogurt factory

36. Which is the best location for processing low quality iron ore?

(A) close to a market to create a weight decrease in the ore(B) close to a market to create a weight increase in the ore(C) close to a resource to create a weight decrease in the ore(D) close to a resource to create a weight increase in the ore

37. Which is described in the statement below?

(A) agglomerating tendency(B) employment structure(C) market-orientated industry(D) resource-orientated industry

38. Which characteristic would be most attractive to a computer programming company?

(A) availability of land(B) average work ethic(C) educated labour force(D) high turnover rate

39. Which is the best example of a public tertiary activity?

(A) insurance companies that provide coverage to corporations(B) legal assistance, food and entertainment services(C) programs responsible for education and medical services(D) wholesale businesses that purchase goods in large quantities

40. Which industry sector is directly connected to information technology and dataprocessing?

(A) primary (B) secondary(C) tertiary(D) quaternary


41. Which region has the widest concentrations of atmospheric pollution?

(A) Eastern Africa(B) Eastern North America(C) Western Australia(D) Western South America

42. Which is the least economically developed according in the table provided?

% Employed inprimary industry

% Employed insecondary industry

% Employed intertiary industry

(A) 12.7 37.7 49.6

(B) 42.4 26.6 31.0

(C) 15.6 22.2 62.2

(D) 32.0 31.0 37.0

SECTION B TOTAL VALUE: 8%Do only ONE of the Units in Section B.

Either: Unit 6 - Population Distribution and GrowthOr: Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization

UNIT 6 - Population Distribution and Growth

43. Why is distribution a more accurate indicator of population than density?

(A) excludes migration(B) includes the value of wealth divided by the population(C) only takes total population into account(D) takes the spread of the population into account

44. Which problem would result from overpopulation in developing countries?

(A) higher agricultural output(B) improved standard of living(C) increase in bio-diversity(D) low life expectancy


45. What change has occurred if there are 596 456 live births and 615 654 deaths?

(A) actual decrease(B) actual increase(C) natural decrease(D) natural increase

46. Which classification is reflected by the population pyramid below?

(A) contractive(B) expansive(C) stable(D) stationary

47. Which has the greatest actual change according to the table provided?

Births Deaths Immigrants Emigrants

(A) 14 000 21 000 2 400 4 700

(B) 115 000 142 000 17 000 6 000

(C) 430 000 142 000 80 000 14 000

(D) 900 000 509 000 68 000 179 000

48. Which applies to an educational opportunity in the country of destination?

(A) intervening obstacle(B) pull factor(C) push factor(D) repel force

49. Which is a positive economic impact caused by immigration?

(A) increased numbers of rural doctors(B) increased pressure on school systems(C) stress on existing infrastructure(D) stress on existing social welfare system

50. Which best defines census?

(A) poll conducted by a political party(B) population data collected by government(C) research analysis organized by a major bank(D) survey conducted for a business


Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization

Note: If you are completing this unit, please ensure you shade bubbles for 51-58

51. Which is a high-order good?

(A) camera(B) compact disc(C) luxury car(D) soft drink

52. What is characteristic of highly urbanized areas?

(A) limited public school opportunities(B) limited recreational opportunities(C) mostly primary activities(D) mostly secondary and tertiary activities

53. Which is a settlement having a shape that follows a line such as a railway track or river?

(A) compact(B) composite(C) linear(D) loose-knit

54. Which is related to the physical properties of a location or to the cost factors associatedwith production?

(A) location(B) shelter(C) site(D) situation

55. Which refers to a place where two rivers merge, providing wide-ranging access to interiorregions?

(A) confluence(B) head-of-navigation(C) river-island(D) river meander

56. Which best defines a very large urban settlement with accompanying suburbs?

(A) acropolis(B) confluence(C) megalopolis(D) metropolis

57. Which best represents a rank-size arrangement?

City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4

(A) 3 000 000 1 700 000 1 200 000 800 000

(B) 4 000 000 2 500 000 600 000 200 000

(C) 7 000 000 900 000 850 000 700

(D) 22 000 000 4 000 000 3 300 000 1 600 000


58. Which is a land-use zone associated with shopping malls and a central business district?

(A) commercial(B) industrial(C) public(D) residential


PART II

SECTION A TOTAL VALUE: 8%

Instructions: Do ALL questions in PART II, Section A.

Value

4% 59. Based the diagram below, use two pieces of evidence to explain in whichdirection the glacier advanced.


Value

4% 60. Identify and explain two characteristics that determine if a farm operation isintensive or extensive.


SECTION B TOTAL VALUE: 4%

Do only ONE of the Units in Section B.

Either: Unit 6 - Population Distribution and Growth (# 61)Or: Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization (# 62)

UNIT 6 - Population Distribution and Growth

Value

4% 61. Using the demographic information provided, give two arguments to explain whythe entry of migrants should be allowed into Country X.

Country X


UNIT 7 - Settlement and Urbanization

Value

4% 62. Explain how situation factors can influence a community’s growth or decline.


Part II:

Section C TOTAL VALUE: 28%

Instructions: Do ALL questions in PART II, Section C.

Units 1-5

CASE STUDY 1: Considering the Effects of Climate Change

Climate change is occurring throughout the world. It is believed that Earth’s temperature roseapproximately one degree Fahrenheit during the last century. Most of this warming has beenattributed to the large scale use of fossil fuels for vehicles and factories in many industrializedcountries such as the United States. This has led to an excessive amount of greenhouse gases inthe atmosphere; and, while global warming may benefit some countries, many climatologists areconcerned about changes in rainfall patterns, higher local temperatures and rising sea levelswhich could impact others.

Rising Sea Levels Figure 1

Global warming willsignificantly impact sea levels.A rise of almost 1.5 metres hasbeen predicted by someclimatologists by the year2050. As a result, manypopulated areas will be greatlyaffected. Approximately 15%of Egypt’s farm land, forexample, is at risk andsignificant portions of manycoastal cities such as NewYork and London could gobelow sea level. Moreover, theconsequences of rising sealevels for very denselypopulated areas of the world,

such as Bangladesh, could be disastrous. Figure 3

Figure 2


“If there is one organizing principle for the government’s approach to climate change, itis that the country must focus on adapting to the changes rather than relocatingsubstantial parts of the population.”

Rafiqul Islam, Dept. of Integrated Coastal Zone Management

“We already have (some) dikes. Now, we need to do two things; raise the height of thedikes …and the drainage structures would have to be changed so that the rainfall insidecould be drained out.”

Ainun Nishat, Water Resources Expert

“Passing on the problem of global warming to future generations is like ignoring agovernment budget deficit. Except with the deficit, there are economical mechanismsthat could be put into place to get out of a large deficit. With sea level rise, there isreally no technological way to put the ice back in Greenland.”

Overpeck, Scientist

Overview of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with an annual Gross Domestic Productof approximately $2200 U.S. dollars per person. The country is densely populated (1045/km²)and has a large, expanding population with over 150 million people living in a countryapproximately half the size of Labrador. Over 80% of the population still live in rural areas andalmost all are employed in the agricultural sector. While more and more Bangladeshis aremoving to urban centres in the hope of becoming prosperous, most migrants become inhabitantsof squatter settlements facing challenges such as pollution, over congestion, supply shortages,poverty and crime. Bangladesh’s capital, Dhaka, is not only overpopulated (Pop: 11 000 000)but it suffers from the flooding problems that impact most of the country. For example, in 1970,Cyclone Bhola devastated much of the region, killing an estimated 500,000 people. More thanhalf the city of Dhaka was flooded and millions of people were left homeless.

Flooding in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a low-lying country with most of its coastline only about 4 to 6 metres above sealevel. The country lies at the meeting point of three large rivers; the Ganges, the Brahmaputra,and the Meghna. Floods are normal for this region, yet essential, since they spread fertile soilsover large areas. Floods, however, during the monsoon season can be catastrophic especiallywhen it coincides with tidal waves brought on by cyclones within the Bay of Bengal. As a result,tremendous population displacement takes place.

There are no movie theatres in the remote village in southwestern Bangladesh and very fewfamilies own a television. There, live theatre is a popular form of entertainment. Recently,theatre groups have performed a play called, “Environmental Thinking: Where Will We Go?”The drama announces a grave warning regarding the region’s ability to withstand floods, stormsand saltwater intrusion brought on by global warming and rising sea levels. Shortages ofdrinking water, disease, loss of animal and human life are key components of the theme song. Global warming is threatening this area and many others along Bangladesh’s coastline but tens ofmillions are not interested in moving or simply cannot.

How then should the people of Bangladesh respond? Should solutions be local or global? Manydifferent opinions exist.


Value

4% 63. Using your geographical knowledge and information from the case study, describetwo ways global warming has impacted human activity.

Value

4% 64. Explain how climatic factors and the physical landscape pose environmental risksto Bangladesh.


Value

6% 65. Rafiqul Islam suggests that adapting to climate change is preferable to relocatingBangladesh’s people. Using three arguments to support your position, explainwhy you agree or disagree with this point of view.


Units 1-5

CASE STUDY 2: Nigeria’s Textile Industry

Figure 1The visitor to Nigeria is impressed at firstby the textiles. The tremendous variety,beauty, flamboyance, colours, textures,elegance and style are all immediatelystriking. Women and men sometimes storeimpressive amounts of cloth as well asfinished clothing and it is not unusual forpeople to have clothing which belonged totheir grandparents or which are even older. This national passion for beautiful textilesis the result of many centuries ofdevelopment and of considerableinvestment in time, energy, and capital.Cloth-making is one of Nigeria's mostimportant activities.

Textile manufacturing represents the first stream of industrial production in Nigeria, as it has inmany parts of the world. The first textile industry was established in 1957 and immediately afterindependence in 1960, textile manufacturing grew rapidly in virtually all parts of the countrywith regional governments leading the way in the new investment. The growth in textileproduction was propelled by the government policy of import restrictions and an abundant supplyof locally grown cotton.

The industry is mainly controlled by large private-sector firms, often with substantial foreignparticipation. Many foreign companies are attracted to Lagos, Nigeria’s largest city. It is herethat investors can find access to cheap skilled labour. With internal migration continuing toincrease, more and more people are arriving in the city from surrounding rural areas to find work. Furthermore, with a per capita Gross Domestic Product of only about $1200 dollars per person,companies can get their products produced at a fraction of the cost that they would pay in Canadaor the United States.

Figure 2


Lagos: The Engine of Nigeria

The city of Lagos lies in south-western Nigeria, on the Atlantic coast. Rivers flowing to the seaformed inland water basins like Lagos Lagoon behind long coastal sand spits or sand bars. Lagoshas a very large port where items can be imported and exported easily and cheaply to and fromthe rest of the world. The port is deep enough to hold very large vessels, including large, moderncontainer ships.

Aside from textiles, Nigeria also has a huge oil industry making transportation cheap and easy forcitizens and businesses in the country. Lagos is more attractive to business than other areas inNigeria, because it is the main commercial and financial centre of the country, as well as itstransportation hub. Also, foreign companies (as long as they have money) are treated the same aslocal ones and are quickly given licences and all necessary documentation to do business. Telecommunications is gradually improving in Nigeria with internet connectivity and wirelesscommunications increasing. Improved Telecommunications is vital to the economic growth ofthe country.

Nigeria at a Glance:

• Third largest textile industry in Africa.• Textiles make up 25 percent of the total manufacturing employment sector.• Ninth largest country in the world.• Most populous country in Africa. (Over 140 million)• Infant mortality rate of 100 children per 1000 births• Total Fertility Rate 5.42 children per woman• Less than 1 doctor per 1000 people.

Nigeria’s Cotton Industry

The northern region of Nigeria, which experiences a dry season of five to seven months duringwhich less than twenty-five millimeters of rain falls, lies mostly in the Sudan savanna and thearid Sahel zone. There, the food staples are millet, cowpeas, and a drought-resistant variety ofsorghum known as guinea corn. Corn is also cultivated, as well as rice in suitable lowland areas.However, the north's principal commercial crop is cotton.

Although Africa is not the largest cotton exporter (it accounts for an estimated 10% to15% ofworld exports), cotton is of critical importance to many African countries. Cotton is the largestsource of export revenue in several west and central African countries. The cotton sector is alsokey to rural poverty reduction, with cotton-related activities accounting for a large share of ruralemployment throughout Nigeria. The planting and harvesting of cotton involves many hands andis quite time consuming. In west Africa alone, approximately 6 million workers are employedduring this process. Once harvested, most of the cotton is loaded by hand onto trucks or traincars for delivery to Nigeria’s largest city, Lagos, where either the raw material is shippedoverseas or is used by companies (many of which are foreign) to produce cheap textiles. Cheaplabour, lack of regulations, and the ease of obtaining licences are the greatest incentive forforeign textile companies to set up in Nigeria.

Throughout Nigeria and other west African countries, productivity continues to be hampered byoutdated production techniques and equipment, problems related to storage and the poor state ofinfrastructure. In particular, ginning facilities in west African countries are old and their1

equipment is often obsolete; only one factory out of four integrates appropriate machinery soworkers have to perform much of the labour manually leading to numerous inefficiencies. Thepoor state of infrastructure delays delivery of seed cotton for ginning factories and often hampersthe timely delivery of inputs to farm producers, which in turn might delay the season and increaserisks of a poor crop.

ginning facilities - A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seed pods1

and seeds.


Value

4% 66. Identify a site and a situation factor that relates to the location of Lagos and explainthe importance of each factor to the economic development of Nigeria.

Value

4% 67. Using two socio-economic indicators, evaluate the level of development in Nigeria.


Value

6% 68. “Foreign investment has had a positive influence on the economies of developingcountries such as Nigeria.” Explain whether you agree or disagree with thisstatement using two social/moral arguments to defend your position.


SECTION D TOTAL VALUE: 10%

Do only ONE of the Units in Section D. Note: Both units use Case Study 3 below.

Either: Unit 6 - Population Distribution and Growth (#’s 69 and 70)Or: Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization (#’s 71 and 72)

CASE STUDY 3: A Comparison: Burundi and Canada

Burundi is a very poor country located incentral Africa. The population of Burundi in2003 was estimated by the United Nations at 6825 000. In that year approximately 3% of thepopulation was over 65 years of age, withanother 48% of the population under 15 yearsof age. According to the U.N., the annualpopulation growth rate for Burundi is 3.10%,with a projected population for the year 2015 of9 834 000. The population density in 2003 was264 people per sq km, making it one of themost densely populated countries in Africa.

Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking 173 out of 177 on the 2004 UnitedNations Human Development Index, compared to Canada ranking 7 out of 177. The GNP percapita for 2004 was only $739 CND. More than 75% of the population is estimated to live belowthe poverty threshold, and 69% of the population suffers from malnutrition.

Figure 2

Undernourishment has increased sharply and food production has fallen as Burundi struggles tocope with rapid population growth, severe land degradation and a simmering civil conflict.Average daily food intake tumbled between 1980 and 1996 from 2020 calories to 1669 calories,far below minimum requirements. Production of cassava, sweet potatoes and beans, the mainstaysof the Burundian diet, also declined. A ballooning population and limited educationalopportunities has also led to an increase in the spread of malaria and HIV. Medical facilities arelimited in Burundi; medicines and prescription drugs are in short supply, if not completelyunavailable. Sterility of equipment is questionable, and treatment is unreliable.


Unfortunately, the civil war that has been taking place in Burundi since 1993 has wiped out anyeconomic or social accomplishments. The conflict in Burundi has led to serious violations ofchildren's rights, including the recruitment of 7000 children into armed groups. Abuses alsoinclude: rape, child prostitution, labour exploitation, orphaning of 620 000 children, exposure toland mines, the permanent internal displacement of 281 000 people, with another 120 000 peopledisplaced temporarily each month. Gender-based violence has also increased as a result of thewar.

Although some semblance of normalcy has returned to much of the country with the conclusion ofthe nation's democratic transition in August, 2005, visitors to the country are warned that there isstill significant insecurity throughout Burundi and to exercise extreme caution. Besides the still-active rebel group, the Forces Nationales de la Liberation (FNL), who continue to attackgovernment forces and civilians, threats posed by banditry and armed robbery, as well as pettycrimes remain. Many roads close at night, and most embassies put curfews on their staff.

City Life

Street crime in Burundi's capital, Bujumbura, is a major problem. Crime includes muggings,purse-snatching, pick-pocketing, burglary, auto break-ins, and auto-hijackings - including duringdaylight hours. Criminals operate individually or in small groups. Muggings of persons joggingor walking alone in all sections of Bujumbura have been reported, especially on public roadsbordering Lake Tanganyika. For the last several years, foreign employees of several internationalnon-governmental organizations have occasionally become the victims of armed robberies in theiroffices, homes, and on the road. Travelers may be stopped at police roadblocks throughout thecountry, or shot at and stopped by rebels or bandits.

There are no traffic signals or signs in Bujumbura, and virtually nothing of the kind elsewhere inthe country. Roadways are not marked, and the lack of streetlights and road shoulders makedriving in the countryside at night especially dangerous. Additionally, drivers may encountercyclists, pedestrians, and livestock in the roadway, including in and around the capital,Bujumbura. Mini-vans used as buses are given plenty of space as they start and stop abruptly,often without pulling to the side of the road.

The Economy: a sectorial perspective

More than 90 per cent of Burundi’s population live in rural areas. Agriculture is the main activity,with emphasis on the production of food for survival and export crops such as coffee, tea, andcotton. These three crops alone generate more than 90 per cent of the country’s foreign currencyearnings. Burundi has a lack of natural resources so government gets most of its revenue byindirectly taxing the earnings of the rural population.

The secondary and tertiary sector only accounts for approximately 10 per cent of the GrossDomestic Product. It is dominated by the public sector, especially in the areas of manufacturing,energy and infrastructure. Public service enterprises are characterized by low productivity andhigh deficits. Less than 2 per cent of the population has access to electricity, and there is only onetelephone line for every 825 inhabitants.


Burundi and Canada at a glance:

Characteristics Burundi Canada

population density per km² 264 per km² 3 per km²

GNP per Capita (CDN $) 739 34 273

Percentage of population that isliterate

35.3% 97.5%

Persons per telephone 825 1.5

Birth Rate per 1000 39.87 11.21

Death Rate per 1000 16.3 7.47

Fertility rate (# children per woman) 6.1 1.6

Life Expectancy (years) 45.6 79.56

Electricity Consumption (Mill. kWh)

164 581 000

Cellular Subscribers 0.70 per 1000 people 37.7 per 1000 people

Urban population with access toimproved sanitation

47 % 100 %

Five largest cities/communities (2006)

Burundi (Population: 8 700 000) Canada (Population: 31 800 000)

1. Bujumbura 319 098 1. Toronto 4 753 120

2. Gitega 23 500 2. Montreal 3 316 615

3. Ngozi 18 500 3. Vancouver 1 953 212

4. Bururi 18 500 4. Calgary 988 079

5. Cibitoke 11 500 5. Edmonton 862 544


SECTION D TOTAL VALUE: 10%

Do only ONE of the Units in Section D.

Either: Unit 6 - Population Distribution and Growth (#’s 69 and 70)Or: Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization (#’s 71 and 72)

Unit 6 - Population Distribution and Growth

Value

4% 69. Describe two trends that explain the size and growth rate of the population inBurundi.

Value

6% 70. Using three arguments to support your answer, explain why it is beneficial tocontrol population growth in Burundi.


Unit 7 - Settlement and Urbanization

Value

4% 71. Using your geographical knowledge and information from the case study, explainhow the availability of services relates to settlement size in Canada and Burundi.

Value

6% 72. From the case study it is clear that Burundi is experiencing urban problems of avery different nature from those found in Canada. Explain three strategies toimprove the quality of life in the capital city, Bujumbura.

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