More Incredibly Fun Trends of the Periodic Table!

Part I: a new hose

ElectronegativityAbility to attract e- in a chemical bond ( more

to come on this, as it is THAT exciting!)* Increases to the RIGHT, and UP on the

periodic tableFrancium is least e- neg. 0.7 F is most e-

neg. 4.0

Ionization energy!Ionization energy describes the energy

required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom*. KJ/mol

* we can talk about 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. ionization energies… as it is very exciting!

Aluminum: 1st I.E. 577.9 2nd 1,820, 3rd 2,750 4th* 11,600….

Magnesium 1st 738.1, 2nd 1,450, 3rd * 7,730 4th** 10,500

Sodium 1st 495.9 2nd 4,560, 3rd* 6,900 4th 9,540

Trend in 1st I.E. : Increases to the RIGHT and UP!

Atomic RadiusHalf the distance between two nuclei in a big

Ole Chunk of metalAtomic Radius Increases DOWN and to the

LEFTSodium is bigger than LithiumHowever….Sodium is also bigger than Magnesium

( Which is “bigger”!) (( what???)) ((( Na-23 vs Mg-24)))

Lets draw us a pitcher!... Ummm… ok….

Ionic Radius!Even more fascinating!Ionic Radius is the radius of an ion ( cations,

and anions)So… spose we got some Sodium…What’s its e- config., or LDS ?Right!!!! 3S1, Na one dot!So what will happen to the size of Na when it

becomes Na+1?Right again! It gets smaller!

And if you are thinking to yourself… (“Cowabunga!!!!)

Well… Good Thinking!Sodium ions are almost ½ the size of sodium

atoms! (98 vs 186 pm)…The trend is mostly still the same..Increases DOWN and to the LEFTCations ( Metals) get smaller than their

atom, whileAnions ( Non-metals) get larger.Insert fascinating drawing here

Groups / Families(Vertical) Columns are similar in their

properties such as valence, e- config. , chargeMany have tasty and delicious names…Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth MetalsTransition Metals ( Inner T.M.)Noble gasesHalogensThe Williamsons…

Period(Horizontal) Rows across the periodic tableProperties can vary greatly within a Period,Being metal(-like) on the left to gaseous on

the right

MetalsProperties:*Hard solidsShinyMalleable / malleability-Ductile / ductility –Good Conductor of heat and electricityValence? ( < 4)Charge? +1,2,3

MetalloidsSometimes will have metal-like properties,

sometimes… non metal –like properties

Silicon for example!

Non-MetalsBrittle solidsGases ( Bromine is a liquid)Dull in colorGood insulatorsValence? (>3)Charge? -1,2,3