CommunicationPart 2: Process and Models

Communication: Process& Models

The Linear View• Sender encodes ideas or feelings into a message

• Message is injected via a channel to a receiver

• The receiver decodes the message

Sender Receiver

message decodesencodes

NoiseNoise Noise Noise Noise

Communication: Process & Models Noise: anything that gets

in the way of the message• External-anything outside

that makes it hard to hear or concentrate (talking in a movie, someone smoking)

• Physiological-physical things inside a person (illness)

• Psychological-mental or emotional states that make it hard to listen

Think about it• What are some things that

make it hardest for you to listen?

Communication: Process & Models

Interactive View• Replaces encodes with behavior to capture

unintentional things like expressions or body language• Adds idea that sender also gets feedback (verbal or

nonverbal response) from the receiver and adjusts the message

• Environment also plays a role-These are “fields of experience that help them understand another’s behavior.” These includes not just where you are, but also what experiences and culture you are coming from

• Think about it: How are noise and environment similar and different?

Communication: Process & Models

Sender Receiver

message DecodesBehaves

NoiseNoiseNoise Noise

A’s environment

B’s environment

SenderReceiver

message BehavesDecodes

Communication: Process & Models

Transactional View• Similar to interactive

view, except that responding and decoding are happening at the same time for both people

• Communication is not a series of individual acts, but a constant sending and receiving of messages all at the same time

Communication: Process & Models

Sender Receiver

messageDecodesRespond

s

Responds

Decodes

NoiseNoiseNoise Noise

A’s environment

B’s environment

Communication: Process & Models

Final Definition of Communication:• Continuous, transactional process involving

participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages, many of which are distorted by external physiological and psychological noise.

Communication: Process & Models LISTENING SKILLS DRAWINGS: You will need a piece of paper

and a writing utensil for each participant. You also will need two different diagrams for each pair. Have partners sit back to back and decide who will be the “listener” and who will be the “talker” first. Each will eventually have a chance to play both roles. Give each “talker” a copy of a diagram. The Listener must sketch what they hear described, and in this round 1, is not allowed to speak or ask questions. This pair is using “one-way communication.” There will be 1-2 minutes allotted for this round, or longer if time permits. Partners compare drawings when finished to see how close they came to the original. The second round can begin and partners switch roles, still sitting back to back. The dyad together must try to improve results. In this round 2, the talker gets different diagram, and the listener can speak and ask questions. After the allotted time has passed, partners should compare results again. Then bring the two groups together to talk about the benefits of both types of communication.