part 1.7 - knowledge and values

7/29/2019 Part 1.7 - Knowledge and Values

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Part 1.7

Knowledge & Values


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Learning Objectives

1.7 Knowledge and Value

(epistemology and axiology)

a) Definition

b) Types and Hierarchy

c) Sources

d) Reflection


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Definition

1) Knowledge / Epistemology

- Derives from two Greek words:

a) Episteme means knowledge

b) Logos means theory

- It gives inspiration in the heart and guides our action,

and contributes towards betterment of society, not only

supplies information


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Definition

2) Value / Axiology

- Derives from two Greek words:

I a) Axios means value/worth

b) Logos means theory

- An element that can measure human behavior whetherthe action is liking or disliking (subjective)

- Decides on the movement, action and behavior of

human under certain values at a particular time and ata particular place.


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Learning Objectives



a) Definition


c) Sources

d) Reflection


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Types of Knowledge According to Hierarchy

a) Revealed Knowledge

b) Inspirational Knowledge

c) Rational Knowledge

d) Empirical Knowledge


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a) Revealed Knowledge

Knowledge about al-Quran, tafsir, hadith, fiqh, usul, etc. Also known as Syariah, religious, revealed and naqli knowledge.

All this knowledge is fardhu ain.

The truth in this knowledge is an absolute truth

Highest level and sometimes beyond the human mind or senses.
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b) Inspirational Knowledge

Only certain people are able to attain it.

Usually, human possesses it with pure heart or deep

attachment and interest on something.

Known as knowledge ofladunni.

Must be integrated with revealed knowledge.
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c) Rational Knowledge

Based on mental capacity and ability

Limited in nature

Support revealed knowledge and need to be guided

by it


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d) Empirical/Sensor Knowledge

It can be obtained by human senses

Knowledge is something that can be proven through senses and

supported by rational knowledge

In Islam, empirical knowledge must be obtained with the guidance of

revealed knowledge


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Types of Islamic Values

According to Hierarchy

a) Mahmudah

b) Makruhah

c) Mazmumah

Mubah/permisible Sunat/Recommended Fardhu/Wajib/Obligatory

Makruh/Discouraged

Haram/Bad/Prohibited


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1) Mahmudah /Good Valuesa) Fardhu/compulsory

- Things that must be done by a Muslim.

- Do what has been asked to do and dont do what isforbidden.

- Muslims are rewarded if they do right thing and punishedfor wrong thing.

b) Sunnah/recommended

- Doers will be rewarded and no punishment for those

who do not.

c)Mubah/Permissible

- Muslims are free to choose whether he wants to do it or

not. If he performs it, no reward will be given. And if he

doesnt, no punishment for that.

Types of Values According to Hierarchy
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2) Makruhah /Discouraged Values

a) Makruh or discouraged

- Things or actions those are discouraged by Islam.

- If we execute it, no punishment for that.

- But if we dont execute it, reward will be given.

3) Mazmumah /Bad Values

a) Haram or prohibited

- Things or actions that are totally forbidden by Islam.

- If we do it, we will be punished. If we dont, we will be

rewarded.

Types of Values According to Hierarchy
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Learning Objectives



a) Definition


c) Sources

d) Reflection


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Sources of Knowledge

a) Revealation

b) Inspiration

d) Mind

d) Senses

c) Intuition


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Sources

1) Knowledge / Epistemologya) Revelation

- Refers to Quran and Sunnah

- Source of all knowledge

- Allah

Prophets

mankind- Main source for Muslims about God, aqidah, syariahand akhlak

b) Inspiration (ilham)

- Only rewarded to extraordinary man who deeply attachedto certain fields

- Can be obtained through tireless of practices, isolation,pure heart, remembering Allah: zikrand fasting


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Sources

c) Intuition / instinct

- Power of understanding the situations or peoples feelingsand doing something immediately, without hardship /study.

- Intuition only comes when man has a deep interest on the

subject or its born by nature

d) Mind

- The difference between human and other creatures

- The thinking and understanding ability of human beings

differs from one person to another for many reason

- According to Muslim Scholars, mind is not a total source ofknowledge.


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Sources

1) Knowledge / Epistemologye) Senses

- Humans have 5 senses: taste, smell, touch, sight andhearing

- Information we get is transferred to mind through these 5senses


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Sources

2) Values / Aksiology- In every society, religion is the source of moral

values

- In Islam, there are 3 main sources of moral values:a) Quran

b) Sunnah / Hadith

c) Uruf/ Adah (custom)


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Learning Objectives



a) Definition


c) Sources

d) Reflection


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Our Education System:A Reflection
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Islam stresses that the integration between world

knowledge and eternity knowledge, and the

assimilation between life values and religious values

are very important.

Islam deems that life in this world is a bridge to life in

eternity.

The emphasis of revelation as the main source ofknowledge and values in Islam is to show that al-

Quran and al-Sunnah are the greatest treasure for

Muslims

Conclusion


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Project based Learning Question

1)Explain how education was delivered during the timeof

A. Prophet Muhammad SAW

B. Khulafa al Rasyidun

2) What is the first surah revealed by Allah SWT toProphet Muhammad SAW?

3) Briefly explain the meaning of that surah in ONEparagraph.


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Steps

1. Find the information from internet, books..

etc.

2. Summarize the information in a mind map.

3. Share your mind map with the class.

part 1.7 - knowledge and values

Documents