part 1.2 classification network f
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POST AND TELECOMMUNICATION
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
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PART 2
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
AND CLASSIFICATION
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DEFINITION OF TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
Telecommunications network is a collection oftelecommunications equipment are linked together by a certain
architectural structures, to provide telecommunications
services to subscribers. The telecommunications network will
be made on the basis identified needs, functions and
applications of network types needed. Classified telecommunication network is made according to
the following basic: Classification according to the organization network.
Classification according to the nature of service
Classification by network type
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Classification by network organizations categorized by networkorganization is based on the type of telecommunications
network scale of the Organization and the nature of
telecommunications networks and services of each country, International Telecommunication Network:
National Telecommunications Network Telecommunications network of State or Area
International Telecommunication Network definitions: The
international telecommunications network is the network was
built to serve the connection to exchange information between a
country's telecommunications network with the
telecommunications networks of other countries in the world.
CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
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CLASSIFICATION OF
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Figure 1: Overview of the international network
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COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Active Components infrastructure Switches: International gateway switches (GE-Gateway Exchange). Isswitching systems of each country is responsible for the connection of
the national telecommunications network with the telecommunications
networks of other countries in the world. This switching system
determines the quality and amount of information connected to national
network with networks in the world.
Transmission: International transmission. Is the equipment for
transmission of information between national telecommunications
networks with the international telecommunications network. There are
two types of international transmission, the transmission is by cable and
satellite transmission. So the international transmission equipment willinclude: optical transmission equipment and satellite transmission.
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INTERNATIONAL NETWORK
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Power source systems.
The air-conditioning system.
Lightning Protection system.
Fire alarm systems.
Monitoring systems, security control System grounding.
AUXILIARIES
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Passive infrastructure is comprised of the components supportproactive infrastructure for protection. The house. Is the shell
of the station was built to protect the active devices (switches,
transmission, auxiliary equipment) avoid being damaged by
the impact of the natural environment and the effects on the
other. Protective means of transmission system. The security
infrastructure of cable transmission network avoid breaks
anymore due to the impact of the natural environment and the
other effects, this system includes: systems of tunnels, duct,
conduit, manhole, gutter.
PASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
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The communication core of every country serves as thebackbone to connect information between regions, between the
networks of enterprises in the country to each other and
connect these networks with international networks.
Constituents of national telecommunications network:National Telecommunications Network is made from the
following divisions:
Active infrastructure
Passive-infrastructure.
NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK
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Active inf rastructure National switches (Exchange, TE-Transit Exchange)
National backbone transmission.
National transmission network cabling
Passive inf rastructure: The National switching station, Building
Network protection system transmission cable included
System of tunnels
Track system.
Manhole.
Duct, conduit
National Network
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Regional telecommunications network is a
telecommunications network, the construction business is
serves the connection information between the regions, local in
the region.
Active infrastructure
Switches the (HLE-Host Local Exchange)
Interregional transmission.
Local transmission.
Interregional transmission Cable Network. Local transmission Cable Network.
DOMAIN NETWORK
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DOMAIN NETWORK
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REGIONAL NETWORK
Regional telecommunicationsnetwork is the network of an
organization, the construction
business is essential to serve
the needs of communication
services for subscribers in agiven local area.
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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
Figure 3: Overview of the Area network
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LOCAL NETWORK
Local switches (RLE-Remote Local Exchange)
Local access (RLA-Remote Local Access)
Local transmission.
Local transmission Cable Network.
Connection cable Network subscription
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Classification by nature and use
Classified telecommunication network based on the nature of
use of the telecommunications networks are built, in the form
of this classification it is split up into 2 specific categories as
follows: Private Telecommunication Network
Public Telecommunications Network
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NETWORK
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Private telecommunication network is the network is built withthe purpose of serving for a business, organization, with a
mission to ensure the demand for communication services in
accordance with the needs of the Organization, the business.
On the basic functions and tasks, the private network isdivided into categories that networks are as follows:
Network government service.
Military Network
Network serving public safety.
Network serves the business organization
PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK
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Telecommunications network serves the Government was built
with the purpose of serving the needs of communication
service for the Government, departments of Government.
Telecommunications network has a duty to provide full service
needs to ensure contact information for agencies, government
entities and the State.
GOVERNMENT NETWORK
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With the task of meeting the needs for government informationservice, satisfying the Government's direction to all levels of
government agencies in the country, so the scale of
government network construction is the type of 2 network-
level, which is a regional level and local level, diagram of thegovernment network as follows:
Switch infrastructures
Switching regions (HLE-Host Local Exchange),
Switching areas (RLE-Remote Local Exchange).
GOVERNMENT NETWORK
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GOVERNMENT NETWORK
Transport infrastructure
National transmission
Interregional transmission
Transmission region.
Local area transmission
The national transmission network cabling
Interregional transmission Cable Network.
Cable networks, local area transmission
Cable networks to connect terminal equipment services.
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NETWORK ZONES
Figure 4: Overview of the Zone network
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MILITARY NETWORK
Definition
Telecommunications network serving the military is built with the
purpose of providing Telecommunication services to serve leadership
only in the military units of the country
I nf rastructure components of mil i tary networks.
With the task of providing the services, ensure communication with all ofthe country's army units played scattered in the area, the local region of
the country. Military telecommunications network are also built in a
hierarchy such as the network service of the Government. So the network
infrastructure serves the army and similar network government service.
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Definition Telecommunications network serving public safety network is built with the
purpose of providing information services to serve leadership only in the
nation's public security unit
I nf rastructure component of the network of public security
With the task of providing the services, ensure communication with allnation's public security unit plays scattered in the area, the local region of
the country. Conventional telecoms network should serve public security is
also built in a hierarchy such as the network service of the Government and
military networks. So the network infrastructure serving public safety is the
same and similar network serving the Government, the military network.
PUBLIC SAFETY TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
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Definition
Telecommunications network for the business organization's
telecommunications network was built with the purpose of serving the
needs of communication service for private enterprise
I nf rastructure components of business organization network
Because the goal is to serve the needs of information and liaison servicesfor an organization, enterprise. So the scale of the network is built on the
basis of the need to meet the Organization's business. Typically
telecommunications network serving enterprise, organizations are built
according to the form as follows:
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
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DIAGRAM LARGE CORPORATE
ORGANIZATIONS
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PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK
Definition
Private telecommunication network is built to serve exclusively for an
efficiently operating organizations ... with the task of ensuring provision
of communication services in line with the request of the beneficiary
enterprise organizations. According to this definition, each country willhave the kind of private use networks:
Governmentnetwork
Military network
Network serving public safety, Polish.
Network serves the business organization
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PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK
Public telecommunications network is network by the
telecommunications business set up, built to provide
telecommunications services. Public telecommunications
networks are built and developed under the strategy, the plan
has been the competent State agencies for approval.
In the public telecommunications network are classified into
the following types of specific network:
Terrestrial fixed network
Fixed satellite communication Network Land Mobile communication Network
Satellite mobile Network
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FIXED TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
Fixed terrestrial communication network is the network
offers information services to the Subscriber at a fixed
position during use.
Infrastructure component of the fixed network.
Fixed telecommunications networks are classified into 4
levels like the following diagram:
Level 1: International gateway switches
Level 2: National switches
Level 3: Domain Switches
Level 4: Local Area switches
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CHUYN MCHCHUYN TIP QUC
GIA(TE - TRANSITEXCHANGE)
Mngcp thu
bao
CHUYN MCHCA NG QUC T
(GEGATEWAY)
CHUYN MCHNI HT
(HLE - HOSTLOCAL
EXCHANGE)
CHUYN MCHKHU VC
(RLE - REMOTELOCAL EXCHANGE)
MNG QUC T
THU BAO(Subcriber)
Mngtruyn
dn
Cp 2
Cp 1
Cp 3
Cp 4
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FIXED TERRESTRIAL
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
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FIXED SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORK
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Fixed satellitecommunication network is
the network provides the
type of service by satellite
transceiver equipment tothe terminal station
located at fixed positions.
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Mobile communication network is a network that thesubscriber terminal capable of implementation in mobile
communications.
Depending on mobility, coverage characteristics, intended use
and the techniques of modulation, coding that peopledistinguish mobile information systems such as: local mobile
(also known as wireless local loop circuits, local radio), the
GSM global mobile communication CDMA.
LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
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LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK
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SATELLITE MOBILE NETWORKS
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Satellite mobilecommunications network is the
network to which the
Subscriber connection,
communicating with each other
via the satellite system andcapable of implementation in
mobile communications.
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INGREDIENTS OF TRADITIONAL NETWORK
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TRADITIONAL NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
COMPONENTS
Switching Network Switching nodes is the intermediate points on the telecommunications
network, which made a temporary connection between the input (the
subscription server) and the output (subscriber) as required. The network
provides mobile phone services and the non-fixed-switching nodes are
used including: the switching node region (the satellite operator), theswitching node local, local (Host) and the national relay switching node
(Tandem).
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SWITCHING NETWORK
Type of the Switches: Circuit-switched network: Switching process is divided into 3 phases, set
up, communication and liberation (release). To set the connection controls,
and Liberation, the network switches to channel using signaling
techniques for implementation (common channel signaling R2 signaling,
the private channel CC7). Packet switching: Divide the data traffic into packets and transmitted on a
network share, the period set, transmitter and frees are made at the same
time over a period of time and are often determined by the packet header.
Advanced Switching IP/ATM.
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CIRCUIT-SWITCHED NETWORK
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PACKET SWITCHING
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The transmission network is the largest information
transmission network of the telecommunications network.
Transmission network connection function, transmission of
information between the nodes in the switching region, the
regions, the national relay switching node, the total of
international radio stations, and between nationaltelecommunications networks with international networks. The
transmission network is split into two levels: the backbone
transmission Network (the province) and local transmission
network (in the Cabinet).
TRANSMISSION NETWORK
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Backbone transmission Network functions to connect localswitching node (Host) with national switching node (Tandem),
international switching nodes (Gateway) and the international
network. The network was previously mainly used
transmission using optical cable and Microwave link. Today,
due to the development of technology should primarily use
high-speed optical cable.
TRANSMISSION NETWORK
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TRANSMISSION NETWORK
Local transmission Network (Domain, State) has the function
of connecting the nodes switching areas (Remote) with the
local switch node (Host), this network mainly uses optical
cable transmission and Microwave link.
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Topology of Network
a) The Star Network b) Grid Net Network
c) Circle Network
d) The network shape
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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORK
Figure 8: Overview fixed ground network
Thit btruyn dn
Thit btruyn dn
Phng tintruyn dn
Gm:-Tng i GE
- Tng i TE - Tng i HLE - Tng i RLE
Gm: - Truyn dn quc t - Truyn dn quc gia - Truyn dn vng
- Truyn dn khu vc
Gm:- Truyn dn hu tuyn- Truyn dn v tuyn
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ACCESS NETWORK ACCESS
Access network is a network of the telecommunications
network, is a direct network connection, communication
with subscribers. Such a network consists of all the
equipment and the line was installed between the local
switching stations to the terminal equipment of theSubscriber.
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FIXED NETWORK HIERARCHY
Figure 9: overview the active infrastructure
components fixed telecommunications network
INTERNATIONAL
NETWORK
GE GATEWAY
TE - TRANSIT
EXCHANGE
HLE - HOSTLOCAL
EXCHANGE
RLE - REMOTE
LOCAL EXCHANGE
Subcriber
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THE TYPE OF NETWORK ACCESS
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Classified according tothe bandwidth
Narrowband access
Broadband access.
Categorized undertechnology
Access by rules ofAccess by ISDN.
To access the interfaceV5
XDSL accessHFC access and Cable
modem
Optical access
Fixed wireless accessVSAT satellite access
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Next generation telecommunication networks (NGN) hasmany different names, such as:
Networks (offers many different service types).
Converged network support (for voice and data traffic, structural
convergence network).
Distribution network (distributed intelligence for every element in thenetwork).
Multi-layer network (network are distributed into multiple network layers
that function independently but support each other instead of one as in
the TDM network).
NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS (NGN)
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NGN has 4 main characteristics are as follows: The platform is open network systems.
NGN service network is due to foster, but the service is performed
independently of the network.
NGN network is packet switching, based on a protocol.
Is the network that are on the rise, taking into account the increasing alsoadaptation, have sufficient capacity to meet demand.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NGN
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NGN STRUCTURE
From NGN structure modeland solution of different
companies put out on the
market, can take out NGN
structure consists of 4 layers
as follows: Transmission and access
layer (Access + Transport)
Media layer;
Control Layer
Management Layer
NGN structure
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Transmission Parts Physical layer: optical transmission with optical wavelength
Multiplexing technique of DWDM is used.
layer 2 and layer 3:
Transmission across the network core (core network) based on technical
packages for all these services with quality of service QoS optionsrequired for each type of service.
ATM or IP/MPLS may be used as the background for transmission
across the network core to ensure QoS.
The core may belong to MAN or backbone
The routers used in the core network as large flow, on the contrary, whenlow traffic, switch-router can assume the function of this router always.
TRANSMISSION PARTS
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The access layer: Physical layer:
Cable line: coaxial cable, xDSL currently in use. However in DWDM
optical transmission future, PON (Passive Optical Network) will
gradually dominate and market xDSL, cable modem is gradually
shrinking. Mobile communication: GSM or CDMA technology, fixed wireless
access, satellite.
Layer 2 and Layer 3: IP technology will make the background for
network access.
THE ACCESS LAYER
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As part of the: The device in the media layer is thecommunications port (MG-Media Gateway) includes:
The portal access: AG (Access Gateway) connections between the core
network with network access, RG (Residential gateways) core network
connections with the network of subscribers at home.
Communication ports: TG (Trunking Gateway) to connect with the coreadvice based PSTN/ISDN, WG (Wireless Gateway) connected to the
core network to the mobile network.
COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
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COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
Media Layer has the compatibility to other accesstechniques with techniques of packet switching in ATM or
IP backbone. Or in other words, this layer is responsible
for converting the type of environment (such as PSTN,
LAN, wireless, Frame Relay,) to the media pack was
applied on the core network and vice versa.
As a result, the switch nodes (ATM + IP) and
transmission systems will make the function switches,
routing calls between subscribers of the access layer
under the control of the equipment in the control layer.
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Control layer includes the control system that the mainingredient is Soft switch also Known as Media Gateway
Controller or a Call Agent is connected to the other
components to connect calls or IP address management as:
SGW (Signaling Gateway), MS (Media Sever), FS (Feature
Server), AS (Application Server).
CONTROL LAYER
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This Layer directly impacts on the entire remaining layer, onduty to monitor the operation of the network, the Layer
managed to secure work in an open environment, with many
protocols, services and different operators.
MANAGEMENT LAYER
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SOFT SWITCH
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