part 1: the little three. m. c. escher there are only two places for things to exist in our minds...
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There are only two places for things to exist… In our minds Or Outside our mindsTRANSCRIPT
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Part 1: The Little Three
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M. C. Escher
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There are only two places for things to exist…
In our minds
Or
Outside our minds
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METAPHYSICS the branch of
philosophy that addresses what is real
ontology: what iscosmology: how
it came into being
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The Pre-Socratic Materialists…Their primary questions were:
What is the world made of?What does it mean for something to exist?What happens to things when they change?
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What came first?Prior to philosophy all phenomena were
explained by mythsPhilosophy developed in the Greek colony of
Miletus (present day Turkey)Philosophy was an attempt to explain the
world using reason
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Why did philosophy start in Miletus?Miletus was a trading center and open to
many ideas and influencesBasic Geometry came from the EgyptiansStar Lore and Calendar skills came from AsiaExposed to many religious myths
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Why did philosophy start in Miletus?Greeks were developing the idea of
democracyGreeks valued imagination and attention to
detail in literatureGreeks believed nature was consistent and
could be understood through close examination
Greek poets, Homer and Hesiod, suggested that complex matter had developed from a primitive state of water, air, fire and earth
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Was something in the air?Between 800 B.C. and 200 B.C. philosophy
startedConfucius and Lao-Tse in ChinaHindu Upanishads and Buddha in IndiaZoroaster in PersiaHebrew Prophets in IsraelHomer and the birth of drama in Greece
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ThalesBorn around 640 B.C. in MiletusAttempted to use logic and observation to
answer questions about the nature of the universe (logos)
Considered the 1st philosopherUsed scientific knowledge borrowed from
the Babylonians to predict a solar eclipseConverted Egyptian geometry from
engineering to math1st to study magnetism
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ThalesWorked as an engineerActive in politicsBecame impoverished due to his study of
philosophy, but used astrology to make a fortune
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Thales’ Nature of the UniverseThales abandoned the myth that everything
was made up of earth, air, fire and waterHe believed everything was made of water
since water could be observed in 3 state (solid, liquid and gas)
Believed that humans were also made up of water and returned back after death
This meant that nature was supreme and mankind was a mere part of the universe
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AnaximanderBorn in 610 B.C. in
MiletusConsidered the
successor to ThalesHe disagreed with
Thales philosophy, but continued his science
Made the 1st star map, sun dial and model of the universe
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Anaximander’s Nature of the UniverseBelieved that everything in the Universe
came from apeiron (the infinite)Orginially the infinite was whole, but motion
with in it caused it to break into the four elements
Eventually the elements would fit back together and the inifinite would be whole again.
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AnaximinesDied around 528
B.C.1st to distinguish
between planets and stars
Believed that rainbows were a natural phenomenon not a goddess
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Anaximines’ Nature of the UniverseDid not believe in apeiron, because
something that was not specific could not create specific elements
Believed that everything was made of air because air was essential to life
Hard objects were simply more air crammed into smaller spaces (states of matter)
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Anaximines’ Nature of the UniverseBelieved that the soul was made of extremely
thin pure airThe soul held the body togetherWhen humans died their soul disintegrated