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There are many definitions of culture, but this one is probably the best:

"Culture is a collection of achievements, creations and processes, the fruit of the efforts of countless generations (...) It is the whole range of objectified social elements, common with a number of groups (…) established and able to expand in space.”

by Stefan Czarnowski

a Polish sociologist , florist and historian,

professor at the Warsaw University in

the1930s

Polish national symbols

Language

Polish traditions and customs

Polish emblem is - a white eagle with a golden crown on a red field .

Polish flag on - two horizontal bands of color white -red . The proportions of the flag are 5 : 8.

Polish anthem is

" Dabrowski's Mazurka ".

The text of the anthem created the Joseph Wybicki.

Polish language is a natural language belonging to the West Slavic language group ( which also includes Czech , Slovakian, Kashubian , Sorbian , Upper Sorbian and the extinct Polabian ), which is part of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the official languages of the European Union. It is estimated that the Polish language is the mother tongue of about 44 million people in the world. the Polish population living abroad is called Polonia .

Polish traditions are: Advent, Christmas Eve , Christmas, St. Stephen’s Day, New Year's Eve, Palm Sunday, Holy Week, Easter, Easter Monday, All Saints, All Souls' Day, St. Andrew.

Polish customs : Christmas traditions , Easter customsand many others.

Polish literature has developed over generations. In the 20th century we had four Nobel Prize winners in literature: Henryk Sienkiewicz, Władysław Reymont, Czesław Miłosz i Wisława Szymborska.

Here are examples of important books in the entire history of Polishliteruture :

"Mr Tadeus” by Adam Mickiewicz ,

"QVO VADIS " by Henryk Sienkiewicz,

"Doll” by Boleslaw Prus.

In the history of Polish music there were many outstanding creators.In particular: Frederic Chopin , Joseph Wybicki , and Stanislaw Moniuszko.

Joseph Wybicki created the text of the Polish national anthem "Mazurka Dąbrowskiego”.

Frederic Chopin is the greatest Polish composer . We honour him by organising the Chopin International Piano Competition that takesplace every 4 years.

Stanislaw Moniuszko is a Polish composer , conductor , teacher and organist ; author approx. 268 songs , operettas , ballets and operas. His most famous works include the opera Halka , The Haunted Manor and Paria .

Frederic Chopin Joseph WybickiStanislaw

Moniuszko

Poland is a very cultural country. Poles have created a lot of movies. For example:

"The Pianist" ,

" Kiler "

"Boys Don’t Cry”

and many others .

Wladyslaw Luszczkiewicz , Wojciech Stattler and Jan Matejko were greatPolish painters

Wladyslaw Luszczkiewicz - a Polish painter , teacher and art historian, museologist and restorer . He was the teacher of Jan Matejko, one of the best painters of Poland.

Wojciech Stattler - a Polish painter ; his painting represent classical elements combined with realism and with the influence of Nazarene and Biedermeier . He was also the teacher of Jan Matejko.

Jan Matejko made famous historical paintings about grand battles. In the years 1852-1858, he studied under Władysław Łuszczkiewicz and Wojciech Stattlera at the School of Fine Arts in Krakow .

Jan Matejko Wojciech Stattler WladyslawLuszczkiewicz

Image by Jan Matejko Image by Wojciech Stattler

Image by WladyslawLuszczkiewicz

The oil lamp - designed by a Polish chemist, pharmacist and entrepreneur IgnacyLukasiewicz in 1853 in Lviv. It was the result of work on the distillation of crude oil. This discovery had a direct impact on the development of the petroleum industry.Europe's largest collection of oil lamps is in the Podkarpackie Museum in Krosno.

Swiateck ejector bomb - bomb ejector, massively used during World War II in Polish and Allied bombers. Ejectors bomber operated by the system developed in 1923 by Polish engineer and inventor Władysław Swiateck, who patented it in many countries

Wiper – a piece of equipment in a car or other vehicle equipped with a windshield (we find this invention in a tram, bus, trolley bus, locomotive, train, plane and ship, ferry, barge, combine or farm tractor ). Its task is to work in rain, drizzle, hail, snow and mud while driving. The first designs appeared in the early twentieth century, in 1903, a patent was granted to Mary Anderson (inventor) and an Irishman James Henry Apjohnow, and in 1911, the master of the Gladstone Adams. One of the people who is attributed to the invention is a Pole, Josef Hofmann (1876-1957), whose idea was implemented for mass production in the Ford factory.

The oil lamp Wiper

Swiateck ejectorbomb

Thank you for watching

Author: Filip Jankowski from Publiczne Gimnazjum nr 30 in Łódź, Polandfor„FLwICT” Erasmus + 2015 - 2017